Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Histoire économique – 1800-'
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Jacob, Anne-Marie. "Homme économique, homme sauvage : XVIe-XVIIIe siècles." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0023.
Full textThis thesis examines first the changing signification in our society of the word "work" which occurred between the 16th and 18th centuries, a period during which "work-punishment-constraint-suffering-inferiority" evolved into "work-productiveuseful-necessary for all". Right throughout this evolution, the growing body of economic thought played a key role and contributed to forming the image of a new type of man : "economic man", civilized, working man. I have analyzed for the same period the manner in which the "civilized" regarded the newly discovered "savages" of america, the most frequent comment being that the savage did not work. In fact, among the amerindians, the encounter between these two worlds had devastating effects which can be partly explained by the unsuccessful attempts to put this people towork in order to extract the wealth coveted by the europeans. This is followed by an analysis of what the latter considered a model experiment of putting the indians to work : the paraguyan reductions (1610-1768). Next i take up the issue of the transition between the colonization of the south and centre of the american continent (spanish and portuguese) throughout the 16th century and the colonization of the north-east which began at the beginning of the 17th century (french and english), noting and comparing the various images of the savage developed by the french (catholics) of nouvelle-france and the english (puritans) of new england
Cassan, Guilhem. "Etat et identité de caste en Inde : une approche économique." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0048.
Full textThis PhD studies identity, to show its multiple and ambiguous aspects. The first part is a study of the role of the British colonial presence in the evolution of the caste system in the Province of Punjab. Using Census data from 1881 to 1921, l built a panel of caste population over the long run. Using the creation of the "agricultural caste" category by the Government of Punjab in 1901 as a natural experiment on the incentive to manipulate cast identity. Using double differences, l can show that the abnormal evolution of the demography of the caste groups can be explained only by identity manipulation. The second chapter takes the point of view of the Government of Punjab to evaluate the extent to which this manipulation led to the misallocation of land that was supposed to be distributed to agricultural castes only. Using the data from the first chapter, l can build estimates of the quantity of land obtained by the members of the non agricultural castes who had been able to pass as members agricultural ones: more than 6% of the land allocated by the Government to agricultural castes was in fact obtained by individuals who had manipulated their identity. The second part of the PhD deals with contemporary positive discrimination policies in India. The difficulty to clearly distinguish untouchable for touchable caste led to the creation of different "Scheduled Castes" lists in each State. However, in 1956, the borders of thoses States have been but the lists were not changed before 1976: a member of a same caste could or not be considered as Scheduled Caste depending on its location within a State. Using two identification strategies, it is shown that the access to the status did not change the average educational level. The causes of this absence of effect are explored, and it is shown that it is mainly due to the absence of proper schooling infrastructure that this policy failed
Grenier, Jean-Yves. "La formation des prix et la conjoncture économique sous l'Ancien Régime." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010717.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is, first, the study of a theory of value suited for the premodern France and, after, to use it for explaining the economic conjuncture and the temporal dynamics of the ancient world. The new concept of circuit is used for the elaboration of an original approach. A temporal architecture is exposed in rupture with the old historiographical models
Lagneau-Ymonet, Paul. "Entre le marché et l'Etat, les agents de change : une socio-histoire économique de l'intermédiation officielle à la bourse de Paris." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0110.
Full textBetween the Market and the State: the Agents de Change. A Historical Economic-Sociology of the Official Stockbrokers at the Paris Stock Exchange. The doctoral dissertation offers a historical economic-sociology of the official stockbrokers at the Paris stock exchange -the agents de change, until their disappearance in 1988. This study gives us a revealing insight of the relations between the State and the market. Where the State still has major interests in monitoring financial intermediation, through legal or informal delegation of powers ; where private actors already thrive in exploiting de jure or de facto monopolistic positions. The first part of the dissertation analyses the constitution into a guild ("une corporation") of the official stockbrokers' group during the nineteenth century. The second part examines the results of this corporative organisation on the way the agents de change ran their businesses in the nineteen-sixties and nineteen-seventies. In so doing, the study reveals the prerequisite for entrepreneurship. The third part describes the international and macroeconomic dynamics which contributed in the new rise of transnational financial activities as early as the nineteen-sixties. At the dawn of the nineteen-eighties, in France, this combination of international as well as national trends lead, to the renewal of the Paris stock exchange as a crucial institution of French capitalism. The fourth part shows the effects of the financial deregulation on the agents de change and their guild. The fifth and last part documents the disappearance of the agents'guild 10 the late runeteen-eighties. By the end of the dissertation, it appears that deregulated financial markets have not reduced the very ambiguities of financial activities. Indeed financial activities still involve general interest too much for the State to abandon them to private agents. But deregulation and privatizations have dispossessed the State from its traditional means to monitor financial activities and their professionals
Guerif, Benjamin François. "Rost (Norvège) et la mer à l'époque contemporaine (1800-1930)." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070040.
Full textRost is a little village, lost in the sea out of the Norvegian coast (Nordland). The sea is rich (cod fishing) but very daugerons, and looks also like a kind of frontier for the inhabitants. In I 800, 150 fishermenn live there, deeply depending on the sea to survive. This little Society has neverlheless develop an original way to adapt itself to these conditions. The main local authority is the pastor, the local solidarity is important, the poor are not abandoned The village, surrounded by a too dangerons see and considered as too poor, doesn't interest regional authorities and lives almost in self-government. But in the middle of the 19th century, the industrial revolution and the building of the new Norvegian state change the context. New fishing places are discovercd around the village, and technical progresses facilitate navigation. Hundreds of people emigrate to Rost, that begins to change quickly. We study these changing (transition to modernity) in relation to the tvolution of the influence of the sea on the local conditions of living and social relations. The method of analyse is based on the italian microstoria
Cadorel, Jean-Laurent. "Essays in Economic and Financial History." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025EHES0025.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the causes and effects of financial market crises. My analysis takes place in two different historical contexts: the first part of the thesis is in the context of the Interwar period in the United States and Europe; the second part of the thesis is set in France over the long 20th century.The first chapter proves the 1929 crash was a liquidity crisis and the second chapter attempts to explain the root cause of the decrease in liquidity.Chapter 1 (published in the Economic History Review) constructs a representative database of intraday prices for the largest 80 stocks. These data allow us to see that on crisis days (October 24, 28 and 29, 1929), price declines are greatest just after the margin call hours of 11:20 and 14:20 (Figure 1.4). Prices gap down after margin call hours, they do not decline in an orderly fashion.I evidence that the crash is a liquidity crisis due to the liquidation of brokers' margin loans by applying recent estimators of effective spreads and liquidity conditions from contemporary finance literature. Various measures suggest a four-fold increase in spreads during the crash at the aggregate level. At the individual stock level, quoted bid-ask spreads suggest that liquidity explains one-fifth of the variance in daily stock returns during the crash. Chapter 2 attempts to explain the root cause of the decrease in liquidity. Why was there less liquidity and why did investors start selling their stocks triggering margin calls and a liquidation? What triggered the cascade of margin calls? The contribution of chapter 2 is to link the decline in liquidity to monetary policy through a novel international channel – the gold standard.Private telegrams between George Harrison, President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and Montagu Norman, Governor of the Bank of England, cited in Chapter 2 indicate that governors explicitly targeted the New York Stock Exchange with monetary policy shocks. The governor of the Bank of England, Montagu Norman, believed, as soon as February 1929 that the gold standard was at risk because of speculation in New York and thus contractionary monetary shocks against the New York Stock Exchange were justified. The Bank of England resorted to increase its discount rate from 5.5 to 6.5 percent on September 26, 1929. Capital and gold flowed back to core European countries and threatened the gold positions of countries on the periphery of the gold standard. As markets tested their ability to remain on the gold standard, some currencies lost their credibility and these countries' debts in New York depreciated. Archives from the Rothschilds in London and to their agents in Rio, the main financial center in South America, provide evidence of this causal mechanism.Exchange rates in the periphery of the gold standard collapsed during the crash and bond prices of periphery countries decreased significantly. Previously the literature has presented the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's actions as autonomous, isolated or in opposition to the Board. In fact, the FRBNY's tightening was in collaboration with the Bank of England. Showing this is another contribution to the literature. Chapter 3 of the thesis reconstructs the French Treasury yield curve since 1870 from bond quotations collected from the official listing in bi-weekly frequency. I then apply the Nelson & Siegel (1987) model to the zero-coupon yields I extracted from the prices. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the economic and financial history by shedding light on the 1929 crash and explaining its cause, as well as building the tools for a long-run study of bond market crises in France. These findings are hopeful because they show we can study financial crises seriously with existing methods. We can still learn from modern finance and macro-econometrics and successfully apply tools from these fields to historical contexts
Novokmet, Filip. "Entre communisme et capitalisme Essais sur l’évolution des inégalités de revenus et de patrimoines en Europe de l’Est 1890-2015 (République Tchèque, Pologne, Bulgarie, Croatie, Slovénie, Russie)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0162/document.
Full textThis dissertation studies the evolution of income and wealth inequality in former communist countries in Eastern Europe from the nineteenth century up to the present. It brings together chapters that explore the historical inequality trends in six different countries: the Czech Republic, Poland, Bulgaria, Croatia, Slovenia and Russia. We construct novel datasets that allow detailed analysis of inequality trends, providing at the same time broad historical and international perspective
Martinat, Monica. "Le Juste marché : le système annonaire romain aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0107.
Full textThe network for the exchange of com in rome organized by the pontifical authorities during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries is closely linked to the desire to respect moral obligations in the economic field and to material and social conditions of production in the roman countryside. The notion of a just price, elaborated by the various currents of scholastic thought in the medieval and modern periods, represents the central concept upon which the theories and policies of the administration are based. For the administration, the main problem is not only to guarantee the supply of food to the urban population ; but also to guarantee to each the just profit according to his position in the community. Roman food supply policy is not only an unmethodical attempt to control the irregularity of price trends and to guarantee public order, but it also shows its complexe and contradictory connexions with a theoretical elaboration designed to order every exchange made within the community according to principles of justice codified by tradition
Watteyne, Simon. "La prédominance d'une fiscalité libérale en Belgique. Une histoire politique (1847-1962)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/321499.
Full textThis study traces the history of the political conflicts that punctuated the major orientations of taxation in Belgium, starting with the attempted tax reforms of the first liberal cabinet in 1847, during the Flanders crisis, and ending with the major reform of direct taxation in 1962. It also describes the main actors behind these political tax battles and their motivations. Finally, it makes a major observation: since the country's independence in 1830, Belgium has been built as a tax haven for Belgian and foreign movable capital. Supported by the financial and business elite, the Catholic conservatives and liberals, who held on to the portfolio of the Ministry of Finance throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, resolutely defended, with varying degrees of success, the predominance of liberal principles protecting movable fortunes placed in Belgium against tax policies: absolute respect for banking secrecy, non registered shares and bonds, lack of a cadastre of fortunes, moderate or even non-existent taxation of the various incomes from capital with almost systematically lower rates for foreign nationals, absence of a general tax on wealth.
Doctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rusque, Dorothée. "Le dialogue des objets : fabrique et circulation des savoirs naturalistes : le cas des collections de Jean Hermann (1738-1800)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG017.
Full textFollowing the issues raised by the historic anthropology of the knowledge and the material turn, the thesis questions the cognitive dimension of the collections of natural history of Jean Hermann (1738-1800). From 1762, the naturalist created a rich cabinet composed of objects from the three kingdoms of nature. The cabinet was associated with two other forms of collections: a library and a botanical garden, which he managed as professor of botany of the university of medicine from 1783. All three forms of collections were used as his equipment for research and teaching. The investigation shall determine the role of objects in the production and the circulation of the naturalistic knowledge. Its objective is also to observe the social construction of a learned figure. The study points out the importance of the economy of exchange of objects in the constitution of collections and the role of the dialogue between objects - samples, books, images – in the visualization process. The visual device of the cabinet is at the core of the process of knowledge making. Collections contributed to the emergence of a public science; they were media of teaching and attracted numerous visitors
Baudry, Jérôme. "Une histoire de la propriété intellectuelle : les brevets d’invention en France, 1791-1844 : acteurs, catégories, pratiques." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0093.
Full textThis work offers a history of intellectual property, based on a detailed study of the French patent system between 1791 and 1844. It argues that patents should not be seen as a mere economic tool invented to satisfy the needs of the Industrial Revolution. Rather, patents inextricably combine conceptions of science, technology, law, economy and politics; therefore, a history of patents cannot but encompass an analysis of the categories which are characteristic of the « age of revolution ». Writing the history of this new area of law implies confronting these categories - such as natural rights, the commons, representation, novelty - and the diverse actors and practices which were engaged in its construction. Going back and forth between theory and practice is made possible only through the mediation of an inscription device; inventors have to become authors and have to turn their inventions into inscriptions in order to appropriate them. It is only by taking patent files, and especially specifications, as a central historical source that we can study the institution of patents. With such a method, history can also shed light on the contemporary debates about intellectual property
Fontaine, Philippe. "L'entrepreneur chez Turgot." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010032.
Full textIn Turgot's works, the entrepreneur's behaviour refers to a sequence : the saving process, the transformation of saving into capital, the employment of this capital for making "advances". This behaviour corresponds to a norm the levelling of saving with investment -, which determines the economic activity and enables to explain the circulation of wealth. Then, two prerequisites appear as determining for the success of the undertaking : the entrepreneur is assumed to be a wealthy and intelligent man. While fulfiling both requirements, the "capitalist-entrepreneur" plays an essential part in the enrichment of the society
Ferrebeuf, Florian. ""Au pays des sombres forêts et des lacs cristallins" : le district de Königsberg en Prusse-Orientale : aspects d'histoire économique, sociale et politique (1850-1914)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG024/document.
Full textThe district of Königsberg is an atypical territory in the heart of Prussia. Although its economic and social structures are still largely traditional, with a strong power held by the great noble or bourgeois landowners and the clergy, economic innovations can be seen, notably at agricultural level. These remain nonetheless almost exclusively in the hands of the large landed property, when the small and middle peasantry remain in often manifest destitution. At social level, peasants are largely under the control of local lords. Over time, however, they succeed in becoming an important pawn in the local political life, becoming the objective allies of the conservative great landowners in exchange for marginal but real benefits which allow them to slightly increase their living standards. The ethnic minorities and the socialists also play an important role in East Prussia. Finally, the role played by the province’s capital, Königsberg, is very important at all levels
Tissot, Allan. "Une abbaye de renom à l'époque moderne : l'Abbaye aux Dames de Saintes (fin du XVe siècle - début XIXe siècle)." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909678.
Full textAlmeida-Topor, Hélène d'. "Histoire économique du Dahomey (1890-1920)." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040468.
Full textBasing myself on a quantitative approach, i shall be studying the economic evolution of a colony with a rather specific customs system in French West Africa. This situation brought about commercial competitions between France, Great-Britain and Germany. The colonial administration adopted a common fiscal policy for all the inhabitants of Dahomey. The process of economic integration had started at the end of the nineteenth century but had not been completed in the twenties. This policy naturally let a development of labor and production. We shall claim that the growth of "monetary capacity" is a direct reflection of the internal economic development. However, the benefits of this growth were unfortunately not invested in the country
Lequien, Isabelle-Marie. "Versailles 1830-1870, société et économie." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040278.
Full textWith the upheaval of the French revolution and the fall of Charles the 10th, Versailles found itself in a critical situation. Its population dropped from 51000 inhabitants in 1790 to 28500 in 1831 and with the departure of the king there was also a sharp financial loss. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the city's reactions and the means used to enable its development. The first part of this work deals with censuses. The 1851's census has been closely examined to investigate the city's demographic and housing characteristics. We then analysed the administrative, religious and military organization. The municipality strengthened the town by aspiring to renewal and modernization through the policies of a succession of mayors political changes were welcome within opportunistic limits and as far as the mayors could protect their own interest. In spite of expanding ultramontanism the relationship between laic and religious authorities remained casual. Moreover the garrison maintained its determinative role on the city's growth. Several documents attest to economic activity. The characteristics of the working population were those belonging to stokeholders'city. They included few industries employing mainly temporary workers. Economic growth remained precarious and touristic activities were predominant. In the last part of our work we analysed aspects of everyday life, leisure, transportation, press, criminality and finally the response to historical events. […]
Hugot, Jules. "A quantitative history of trade globalization : 1827-2012." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0055.
Full textThis thesis relies on a data set that I put together. The data set gathers trade statistics, GDP, exchange rate and tariff data as well as gravity-related variables including distance, colonial and linguistic links. In chapter 2, I show that the globalization of the nineteenth century had already begun in the 1840s in Europe, while it only began in the late nineteenth century for the rest of the world. In chapter 3, I show that the border effect was halved over the course of both the First and the Second Globalization. I also find that the distance effect roughly doubled during both periods of globalization. In chapter 4, I show that the trade elasticity did not change significantly over the course of the First Globalization. In chapter 5, I show that Britain benefited from most of the trade creating effect of the Suez Canal, while the western coast of Latin America benefited from about 40% of the trade effect of the Panama Canal. I also show that time dimension estimates of the distance elasticity make it possible to reconcile the distance elasticity with the common estimates for its components: the trade elasticity and the elasticity of trade costs to shipping distance
Ndiaye, David. "Les chambres de commerce napoléoniennes de Gênes, Bruges et Cologne (1802-1815) : intégration impériale, modèles institutionnels et pouvoirs locaux." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC094/document.
Full textComparing three economic institutions – the chambers of commerce of Genoa, Bruges and Cologne – this research focuses on the relationships between the economy, society and the State at the time of the expansion of Napoleon's Empire.Based on documents from the archives of these three chambers of commerce, as well as on archives from the Prefecture and the Ministry of the Interior in Paris, this research aims to study the process of cultural transfer from 1802 onwards, starting with the creation of the first chambers of commerce in departments annexed by the French Empire. This perspective, which is part of a broader reflection on the rationality of the model of the Napoleonic chambers of commerce, allows us to analyze the degrees of local ownership of the institutions and raises the question of the specific institutional construction of the chambers of commerce in the new French departments.This research intends to show that the rules, resources and competence of the chambers depend mostly on local actors, rather than on the State. It also highlights the fact that the workings of these institutions are rooted in social and institutional networks, established by merchants who are also members of the chambers of commerce. The power to regulate the local economy, vested in the chamber by the State, relies heavily on these valuable networks. Finally, the distant location of the three chambers, in newly annexed departments, proves to be an asset, by strenghtening their position as an intermediary between the State and local merchants
Vuillaume, Hervé. "Escompte, circulation monétaire et Banque de France (1820-1870)." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090031.
Full textDi, Stefano Massimo. "Lieux pieux aumôniers, nobles, finance publique et privée : interactions et ambiguïtés relationnelles dans le Milanais moderne (1615-1801)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ2018.
Full textThis research, which includes almost two centuries of Milan's history, is about charities, aristocrats, monasteries, private entities, the State and the city, all of which were connected by the invisible link of finance. It was around the debit-credit dynamics that different types of connections came to life, which were connected to political and financial power, a stronghold of Milanese patricians throughout almost all the modern era. In those circumstances charities entities had a relevant role, which is proven by the fact that their administrative boards (Capitoli) were entirely taken care of by the Milanese aristocrats, whose priority was to defend their own privileges, without regard for the change of the different foreign rulers that rotated in power. As time goes by, charities entities became the crucial for the activities of the nobles, and started to perform a variety of functions outside their institutional role: court of justice for the control of the Milanese welfare, hub of the aristocrats network aimed to guaranteed their role in society and to defend their Status, as well as a toll that would grant an income to their heirs, or to protect their assets from loss. Charities organisations were also land owners and relevant financial operators and subsidised the government and cities that were in need of money to support the military expenses imposed by the sovereign. The loans were normally long term and the arrangements often complicated and even ambiguous.Charity bodies usually willingly participated to the funding of public sector, however at times they were persuaded or even forced to do so. This study aims to highlight various aspects connected to the role played by the Milanese charities entities and the families whom were widely in control of these institutions
Questo studio, che abbraccia quasi due secoli di storia del Milanese, coglie gli enti elemosinieri, i nobili, i monasteri, gli operatori privati, lo Stato e le città, uniti dal sottile filo della finanza. Attorno ai rapporti di debito-credito si sviluppano anche relazioni di altra natura, connesse alla gestione del potere, che il patriziato milanese tiene saldamente nelle proprie mani per quasi tutta l’età moderna. In tal senso, i luoghi pii elemosinieri rivestono un ruolo non marginale, prova ne è la totale occupazione dei loro Capitoli (consigli di amministrazione) da parte della nobiltà milanese, pronta a difendere i propri privilegi di casta, indipendentemente dall’avvicendamento dei dominatori stranieri. Gli enti elemosinieri divengono, con il passare del tempo, la sede degli interessi delle classi agiate, ed assolvono – oltre a quella istituzionale della carità – diverse altre funzioni: assise per il controllo del welfare milanese; nodo della rete tessuta dalle famiglie nobili milanesi per l’affermazione del proprio ruolo e la difesa delle proprie prerogative; strumento attraverso il quale garantire ai propri eredi una rendita o mettere al riparo il patrimonio da rischi di perdita. I luoghi pii elemosinieri, che sono grandi proprietari terrieri e operatori finanziari di un certo rilievo, sovvenzionano lo Stato e soprattutto le città, bisognose di denaro per pagare la quota di spese militari loro imposta dal sovrano. I prestiti concessi sono – normalmente – di lunga durata, e gli accordi talvolta complessi e, persino, ambigui. Gli enti elemosinieri partecipano al sostegno del settore pubblico volontariamente, ma talora vi sono indotti, se non addirittura costretti. La ricerca tenta di far affiorare questi molteplici aspetti legati all’azione dei luoghi pii elemosinieri milanesi e alle famiglie che, maggiormente, ne detengono il controllo
Gervais, Pierre. "Marchands et producteurs indépendants de l'économie de marché au capitalisme : le cas de Trenton, New Jersey : 1800-1860." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0020.
Full textThis research shows that the united states at the beginning of the xixth century was characterized by a specific social and economic system, organized around merchant activity, and which is called here "market economy". Moreover, the constraints of this system explain the birth of capitalism. In the market economy, independent producers represent 97 to 99% of the active population. Merchants live off monopolies or oligopolies, built through the avoidance of any competition between the merchants themselves. This solidarity enables merchants to force independent producers to accept prices not directly related to the equilibrium price postulated by classical economy. Merchant profits are too big to be explainable by the normal workings of the market. While merchant solidarity is the only way to guarantee these profits, and the monopolization by the merchants of all the means of access to the markets help keep independent producers within their own sphere. The "transportation revolution" continues this past. No trend toward modern capitalistic method appears in the transportation business before 1850. The progress of transportation, however, enable merchants to force producers to specialize, because of the increasing influence of competitive advantages. In each branch of production, the best placed group of producers end up taking over the whole production. Merchants and producers alike manage this accelerating specialization with increasing difficulty. The ensuing waste
Hamdad, Malika. "La persistance des chocs dans une perspective désagrégée : le cas du Canada, 1870-1996." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0004/MQ45225.pdf.
Full textFerraton, Cyrille. "L'idée d'association, 1830-1928." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/ferraton_c.
Full textTorres, Bautista Mariano E. "Projet économique régional et pouvoir national : les tribulations de l'industrialisation de Puebla : 1830-1867." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010591.
Full textThis paper makes the point into the general problems of the "take off" in the Puebla region during the first half of the XIXth century. Two phenomena must be taken in account since the late XVIIIth. Century : at first the political and cultural ties between the new Spain and the personalities and institutions of the "lumieres" period. Second the results as stimulants as regrettables of the economic growth in the new Spain in comparison with the empire's failure. When the independence finished many economical industrialization projects came ahead in puebla since 1822. At the same time that a new nation was borning the modern economy was the main item to try to eliminate all discussions in politics. This special attemt to the "take off" will be taken by the entrepreneurs aside of politics taking advantage of the "anarchy period" to grow up. Anfres Torres means a particular case which representated the new type of entrepreneur who disposed of material sources to invert in the so called "new industries" as a response of the critical situation of his time
Béligand, Nadine. "Les communautes indiennes de la vallee de toluca, mexique : 1480-1810." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0058.
Full textTremblay, Yves. "La participation de l'élite locale au développement économique de Rimouski, 1890-1960." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29421.
Full textElkhouly, Mohamed. "La Compagnie du canal de Suez et l'économie égyptienne (1870-1956)." Lille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL30021.
Full textA study of the egypian economy (1840-1956). The company of suez canal in contemporary egypt, the evolution of the activity (the transit). The company between the british and egyptians. The british interests, puplic works and the colonial politic of the company. The nationalisation, the foreign interests in egypt. The economic rivalry (France - England). The company was beside of Egypt, it has never been in Egypt
Camenen, Marie-Hélène. "Le contrôle de la population par la politique de l'or et des monnaies au Paraguay : de la période coloniale à la guerre de la Triple Alliance (1536-1870)." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20031.
Full textFrom the Conquest until the War of the Triple Alliance the population of Paraguay did not benefit from total liberty. Under the Crown, the objective was to send the maximum of funds back to Spain; after Independence it became a matter of developing the necessary means to govern the country. In order to do this, the governing authorities developed a gold and monetary policy based on legislation and taxation. By means of legislation, they imposed frameworks and laws to which the inhabitants were obliged to conform. The fiscal system made it possible to tax people, their wealth and their goods. By this means the authorities were able to control the population by taxation, while the taxes favoured or penalised the development of trade, according to the policies of the higher authorities. At the same time they scrutinised the movements of precious metals and money. The administrative services took care of applying and enforcing the decisions of the State. The population had no choice but to obey the directives prescribed by the higher authorities
Boigne, Jean-Marc. "Une petite ville entre administration et économie : Baugé, cité angevine (16è-début 19è)." Angers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ANGE0009.
Full textStanziani, Alessandro. "Discours et pratiques sociales de l'économie politique : économistes, bureaucrates et paysans à l'époque de la "grande transformation" en Russie, 1892-1930." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0031.
Full textThe dissertation is comprehensive of three main sections : the economic analysis; its use by the public administration; its consequences on the peasantry. Concerning the economic analysis i take into consideration the theories of the peasant economy, as well as the main categories of the economic discours: the individual, the market, the technique, the development. I also try to explain the social practises of the economic knowledge, i. E. Its use by the administration and by the agronomists working side by side with the peasants. In particular, i try to show how the specialists and the administrators try to impose their knowledge and their criteria of management on the peasantry
Flores, Zendejas Juan Huitzilihuilt. "Lorsque le leader suit la foule : la crise Baring dans une perspective microéconomique, 1880-1890." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0019.
Full textDomin, Jean-Paul. "Les dépenses hospitalières entre 1803 et 1993 : dynamique hospitalière et cycles longs." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010056.
Full textThe hospital system is tightly linked to the economic system. To relate both entities over this long period of time allows a setter apprehension of the current characteristics and stakes I and of the difficulties met by the system of taking charge of the diseased the hospital system was developed through a succession of stages. Each period has its own economic organisation, a disposition of social protection and health system. Those three points are deeply imbricated, achieving a resulation process. From 1603 to 1690, while france was getting industrialised, the social system was built around individual contingency fund. The medical care system is divided into a commercial sphere (doctors, healthofficers) and a non-commercial sphere (the hospital), offering assistances the destitute only. From 1895 to 1945, the capitalist system concentrated and labour rarefied. A collective disposition for social protection started to develop and the hospital system slowly opened t0 the whole population from 1945 on, the economic growth and the social security accelerated the rise of the hospital today's crisis questions this growth. The analysis calls for the hospitals quantitative history (volume I) and is founded on the l0ng-term construction of m0netary and non-monetary series. These series show evidence of long term cyclic fluctuations contrary to kondratieff's movements. During the crisis periods, called phase B, hospital expenses raise. This particularity underlines the contercyclique regulator charactere of the hospital. Since 1945, this tendency has been absent, therefore, the hospital system had to participate to the economic growth but, the crisis urges transformations and favours the emergence of new experiments regardind hospital organisation
Wen, Wen. "Les ingénieurs français et le développement économique de la Chine (1840-1911)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL031.
Full textDuring the late Qing dynasty, a multitude of French engineers embarked on journeys to various regions of the Chinese Empire, assuming diverse and evolving roles in Franco-Chinese relations. Despite their diverse backgrounds, they were typically youthful and shared some common professional traits. They often enjoyed substantial compensation and prestigious honors throughout their careers, leading to remarkable upward social mobility. Their numbers witnessed significant growth from the mid-19th to the early 20th century. Initially, military engineers held dominance, but they gradually ceded ground to engineers from the state civil corps and civilian engineers who assumed multifaceted roles in commerce and industry. Concurrently, many military engineers entered private commercial ventures, which were expanding and diversifying. The enduring presence of French engineers in China was predominantly composed of civil engineers, drawn by factors such as marriage, religion and culture. Within the Chinese Empire, France leveraged its technical expertise to compete with other industrial powers. These engineers accomplished impressive infrastructural projects within the Chinese Empire, leaving behind them a rich historical legacy. Although not always synonymous with economic success, their achievements showcased both their technical expertise and the technological prowess of the French industrial landscape during the 19th and 20th centuries. Their written works, encompassing reports, blueprints, narratives, and familial correspondences, alongside photographic records and archives they amassed, serve as invaluable resources for historical research. Despite their role in technology transfer, historical constraints limited their impacts
Poinsot, Philippe. "La relecture de l'oeuvre de Jules Dupuit à l'aune de la notion de bien-être et utilité publique : intérêt général, bien-être et utilité publique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010059.
Full textRochat, Jean. "La société anonyme en France (1807-1867) : représentations et pratiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010672.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the business corporation in France between its formal appearance in the law in the Commercial Code of 1807 and the Act of July 1867 that removes any government authorization previously requested for the creation of such company. The société anonyme has often been described as the necessary support of modern industrial capitalism, particularly in that it would have allowed significant concentration of capital. By observing closely the practices of different actors, this thesis aims to revise this representation, seeking to replace the public company in the political economy of the first half of the nineteenth century. This approach includes a research on the origins of the société anonyme – which we do not consider as a product of capitalist modernity – and a reassessment of the role of the state, which is one of the main users of this business form and whose intervention is necessary for the viability of such an institution. At a more general level, this thesis aims at questioning the interaction between law and economy, highlighting a process of construction and legal learning based on an ongoing dialogue between the existing law, the uses that are made of it and the State’s actions
Jourdain, Virginie. "L'Hôtellerie bruxelloise, 1880-1940: acteurs, structures et logiques spatiales d'un secteur multiforme." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209798.
Full textNotre étude s’articule autour de trois points principaux.
Tout d’abord, préalable indispensable, nous avons analysé de manière extensive la nature de notre objet d’étude afin de dépasser les simplifications arbitraires posées antérieurement entre hôtellerie de tourisme et autres établissements d’accueil. Notre première partie s’attache donc à donner sens aux différentes matérialisations de l’hébergement payant dans la ville (hôtels, pensions, palaces, garnis, meublés…) à travers leurs définitions lexicologique, littéraire, corporative, officielle et législative. Quelles sont les caractéristiques de l’hôtellerie de tourisme et quand cesse-t-elle de l’être ?Quel regard portent les autorités publiques sur ce monde protéiforme, fondamentalement hétérogène et par conséquent insaisissable ?
Dans la seconde partie, nous donnons un visage et une voix à cette hôtellerie bruxelloise en identifiant plus précisément les acteurs du milieu, notamment par le biais de ses associations professionnelles et de ses dirigeants. Nœud central de notre exposé, l’image négative traditionnelle véhiculée par le métier pèse encore de manière significative au XIXe mais aussi au XXe siècle dans les jugements portés sur la profession. La perception identitaire propre des hôteliers de leur métier en est profondément influencée. Ces opinions nourrissent un besoin fondamental de la grande hôtellerie de se différencier des petites maisons familiales amateures par le biais notamment du développement à cette période d’une formation professionnelle nouvelle et rationalisée et d’une position ambiguë par rapport aux revendications des organisations de classes moyennes.
Enfin, la troisième partie de la thèse s’attache à adjoindre corps à notre travail en replaçant l’hôtellerie dans sa réalité physique au sein de la ville de Bruxelles. Cette question essentielle est développée grâce à la réalisation systématique de plusieurs cartes de localisation basées sur des sources variées telles que des annuaires de commerces, des guides, des cartes postales etc. Au terme de cette analyse, c’est une nouvelle carte des usages de la ville aux logiques spécifiques qui se dessine, celle de ses consommateurs migrants, mobiles ou étrangers.
Notre thèse se veut donc d’abord un témoignage de la nature complexe de l’industrie de l’accueil à Bruxelles et de ses transformations incessantes au cours d’une phase décisive de son évolution. Par ce portrait humain et spatial, il s’agit de souligner l’empreinte originale indéniable que le secteur a laissée dans la vie de la capitale. L’hôtellerie, même si elle se tourne prioritairement vers les voyageurs, appartient fondamentalement au passé de la capitale. Ses pensions, ses meublés comme les maisons de plus grande importance, ont tous participé directement au développement de la cité et ont permis que cette dernière puisse réguler efficacement les flux démographiques et migratoires qu’elle a de tout temps suscités. Elle ne constitue donc pas un corps étranger, extérieur ou anecdotique à la ville qui justifierait un trop long silence académique.
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Beyond the prospects offered by the first historical studies in the field of hospitality, we wanted to show through this thesis how temporary accommodation in the city could not be seen as a one-dimensional sector. Hotel should not be considered as an industry exclusively focused on wealthy tourists habits, or be confined to the wretched workers pensions. Between these two extremes, different houses offered specific services to a multitude of clients. Brussels, as a capital city, allows adopting a broad angle for studying the urban temporary hospitality industry between 1880 and 1940.Our study focuses on three main points.
First of all, we have extensively analyzed our subject’s nature to exceed the arbitrary simplifications previously done between tourism hotel and other forms of inns. Therefore, first chapter attaches to give meaning to accommodations’ different implementations in the city (as hotels, boarding houses, palaces…) by studying their definitions in dictionaries, literature, professional press, legislative texts, etc.
In the second part, we gave a face and a voice to this Brussels hotel industry by specifically identifying its hoteliers, its professional associations and its leaders. Central point of our presentation, the ancient and traditional negative image of the hotel industry still exists in the 19th and 20th c. Hoteliers’ self perception is profoundly influenced by this negative reputation. These opinions feed luxury hotels’ desperate need to differentiate themselves from small family boarding houses.
Finally, third chapter attaches to add body to our study by analyzing Brussels’ hotel industry in its physical reality. This essential question is developed through several location maps which are based on varied archives such as almanacs, travel guides, postcards etc. This way, a new map of the uses of the city emerges: a map of migrants and foreign consumers’mobilities.
This thesis shows the complex nature of hospitality industry in Brussels and its transformations in a decisive historical phase. Pensions as palaces are deeply involved in Brussels’ urban development. They have regulated demographic and migratory flows to the capital. Therefore they cannot anymore be considered as superficial and anecdotic actors in urban life.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Robert, Olivier. "Économie et sociologie en Grande-Bretagne au XIXème siècle : histoire d'une séparation." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010011.
Full textWe show how economics and sociology became two separate fields of study in the XIXth century in Great-Britain, emphasising the epistemological and methodological debates which led to this separation. From Comte to the english historical school, there has been indeed a tradition in great-britain which advocated a synthetic approach of the social phenomena and thus challenged the political economy's legitimacy. We identify two replies. Though stuart mill appreciated comte's arguments, he managed to legitimate the special social sciences by pointing out that some social phenomena depend mainly on a paramount cause. Then, he was able to give to economics and sociology two different territories : economics deals with phenomena which mainly depend on the desire of wealth whereas sociology has to study phenomena which one could not trace to one single paramount cause. Economics and sociology are thus demarcated by their subjects of study (part 1. Differenciating economics and sociology by their subjects. Comte's challenge and Mill's answer). Another answer was given by Jevons and the Cambridge's economists (Marshall, Sidgwick and Neville Keynes). Facing the historicists'onslaughts, they managed to put an end to the english methodenstreit and shape a new demarcation criterion. They divided economics into several branches and put the emphasis on the theoretical branch which they describe as necessarily abstract and deductive. By contrast, sociology is seen as necessarily historical and inductive. Economics and sociology are thus characterized by their approaches rather than by their subjects. The demarcation becomes a methodological one (Part 2. Differenciating economics and sociology by their methods. The english historical school and the cambridge's economists)
Mastorgio, Laurent. "Les Creuzé, une famille châtelleraudaise entre 1600 et 1840 : aspects sociaux, économiques et religieux." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT5021.
Full textBetween 1600 and 1840, the Creuzés were a middle-class family living in Châtellerault and its close study and description reveal uneven aspects. Its initial nearness with the élites of the country and its marriage supports are an unquestionable advantage as far as the plan of advancement is concerned; the latter will be pursued during the whole studied period. On a demographic point of view and regarding its various branches, not only its behaviour deeply reflects the situations peculiar to both Catholics and Protestants who were part of this mixed family but it also juxtaposes acknowledgments of classicism and atypical, disconcerting facts. However, some branches of the family are trapped in a bourgeois situation because of their faithfulness to Protestantism but trading and banking enable them to get to a leading position on a political and economical point of view in the nineteenth century, in Châtellerault as well as at national level. On the other hand and to the same extents, the conversion to Catholicism offers the possibility to take up the duties of la Robe and also to conclude aristocratic unions at the end of the eighteenth century. For all the members of this family and on the whole studied period, faith remains a major element, either for the converted Protestants, the tenacious ones or for those who left for le Refuge. In the same way, for the Creuzés, a wide knowledge - in different forms - and political commitment were a privileged means of communication and innovation. To put it in a nutshell, this family offers the synthesis of behaviours which are both very classical and innovating during the studied period in the social, economic and religious fields
Yernault, Dimitri. "L'Etat et la propriété: permanences et mutations du droit public économique en Belgique de 1830 à 2011." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209832.
Full textMalgré ces mutations, le droit public économique n’en présente pas moins une structure permanente qui s’articule autour de cinq grandes relations existant entre les institutions juridiques de l’État et de la propriété :1/ l’État dessine les régimes de propriété ;2/ l’État est lui-même propriétaire ;3/ l’État police et régule les usages de le propriété ;4/ l’État soutient selon les circonstances certaines catégories de propriétaires ;5/ l’État redistribue certains fruits et influences tirés de la propriété.
Si la thèse porte essentiellement sur la période qui court de l’Indépendance à la veille de la sixième réforme de l’État, d’une part, et alors que la Belgique connaît une crise des finances privées et publiques enclenchée en 2008, d’autre part, elle offre à la fois une histoire inédite de la législation économique et un examen minutieux des grandes questions contemporaines qui agitent le droit public économique. Elle aborde ces mouvements longs en trois grandes parties (de 1830 à 1919 aux temps du suffrage restreint ;de 1919 à 1980 de l’avènement du suffrage universel à la crise de la fin des Trente Glorieuses ;de 1980 à nos jours, soit depuis l’installation concomitante du fédéralisme et du primat de la concurrence).
S’intéressant au mouvement communal comme au droit colonial, au sauvetage des secteurs jugés systémiques comme à la fondation de grands organismes d’intérêt public, à la régulation comme à la soi-disant subsidiarité fonctionnelle de l’État, la dissertation vérifie l’hypothèse selon laquelle un droit qui a pour objet la politique économique repose sur l’ensemble des cinq grands rapports identifiés que nouent l’État et la propriété. Elle permet ainsi de mieux appréhender ce qu’est la vraie "Constitution économique" de la Belgique, laquelle est loin d’être portée par sa seule Constitution écrite.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Vulliod, Francois. "La Normandie occidentale (la Manche) de la fin du Moyen Age au milieu du XIX siècle : étude démographique et économique." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC036/document.
Full textThis study offers a description and analysis of the economic structure, until the mid 19th century, of the fraction of Occidental Normandy which is currently the department “La Manche”. The first part builds up the evolution of population (down to each parish or community), prices of the main agricultural products and salaries from the early 14th century; it offers detailed comparisons with corresponding elements in other French regions. It elaborates on the joint evolution of population and prices, and prices and salaries, in order to caracterise the five or six main stages of this territory’s economic history. The second part successively deals with each of the main branches of industry (agriculture, industry and craftsmanship, maritime trade), between the early 17th (agriculture) or 18th (other sectors) century and the 1850’s. A detailed description is given for each industry, or where appropriate individual companies, leading to estimated evolutions of revenues, added value (in some cases profitability) and staff over the course of the study period, with the help of simple industry-specific econometric models. The strengths and weaknesses of this economy are finally assessed, with the perspective in mind of its further integration into 19th century France
Lanthier, Pierre. "Les constructions électriques en France : financement et stratégies de six groupes industriels internationaux de 1880 à 1940." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100170.
Full textThis thesis deals with the activities of six international electro technical groups in France from 1880 to 1940. In order of importance these groups are: general electric co and its subsidiary created in 1893, the French Thomson Houston; the Empain group established in France in 1880; the Swiss group Brown Boveri and its subsidiary (since 1892), the companies electromecanique; Westinghouse and its subsidiaries, the first of these was established in France in 1898; the Edison group and its subsidiary launched in 1882, the company Continentale Edison; the Swedish group Ericsson and its subsidiary from 1911, the sociéte des téléphones Ericsson. In the first place, the analysis focusses on the international character of these groups. Next, it examines the market, more particularly the sectors where the groups have invested directly, i. E. The tramways, the intercommunal railways, the metro de Paris and the production-transmission of electricity. Finally, it retraces the evolution of the strategies of each group, first from 1880 to 1914, then from 1914 to 1940. It shows how, in the first instance, the groups had to allow a big financial effort to the launching and the organization of the market and, in the second instance, to develop their own means of production and to prepare the sustained growth of the French economy after 1945
Escudier, Jean-Louis. "Contribution à l'histoire des rapports économiques de genre : application à la viticulture française 1850-2010." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1185.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to applied to French wine growing a linked analyze of employment and economics gender relations. In a first part, relative to the period from 1850 to 1914, we explain the historical building of wine growing tasks, the intermittent employment and the half-payment of female workers. In a second part, which speaks about 1914 to 1945, we show how, for women, agricultural and domestic education was not a technical training to wine growing but a social model for housewives. Always paid half of male workers, women are less employed but they remain indispensable for some wine growing tasks like grape harvest. In the third part, about years 1945 to 2010, we analyze the impact of new employment norm (female wages represent 80 % of male wages) and collective agreements on employment, professional qualification and payment of female workers. Because of lacks of general data on female labor force, we have chosen to use several kinds of archives sources : account books of wine growing farms, administrative, judiciary and trade-unions archives, professional media and interviews with female viticulturists
Lambert, Olivier. "Marseille et Madagascar : histoire d'une aventure outre-mer : entrepreneurs et activités portuaires, stratégies économiques et mentalités coloniales (1840-1976)." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0030.
Full textKesztenbaum, Lionel. "Une histoire d'espace et de patrimoine : familles et migration dans la France de la Troisième République, 1870-1940." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0026.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to describe family in the long run so as to estimate how it shares out of its resources. By considering geographic mobility we precisely observe how kinship decisions influence the behaviour of its members. To do so we take advantage of new historical data, based on the TRA-survey and on military registers. We the concentrate on a sample of French conscripts born in the second part of the 19th century. We show that the skills and endowments of young men are very closely related to family strategies that do influence- and contraint- their members. They also depend on the total amount of capital their family possess. We reassess the influence of kinship on geographic mobility by taking into account past migrations among the family. We use the concept of spatial capital to capture all knowledge families possess about geographical locations. We are then able to show how this knowledge is-or is not- handed down from one generation to another. This is a key point of the analysis of migration as it means that migration decisions are not only influenced by individual charasteristics or economic or historical context but also by the past migration behaviour of the family. In this way, migration is not only an investment for the migrant or for his close relatives but can be seen as a long term investment of the kinship group
Landry, Nicolas. "L'industrie des pêches dans la péninsule acadienne, 1850-1900." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29452.
Full textLemercier, Claire. "La Chambre de Commerce de Paris, 1803-1852 : un "corps consultatif" entre représentation et information économiques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00412011.
Full textL'histoire de la Chambre est avant tout celle d'un corps intermédiaire – dans un pays et une période où cette notion est loin d'aller de soi. L'étude de cette véritable reconstruction d'une architecture institutionnelle, après la Révolution française et au fil des changements de régimes politiques, est avant tout centrée sur les pratiques de l'institution (modes de recherche d'information, interactions entre membres dans la préparation des rapports, émergence de fonctions de service pour la Chambre...), sans négliger les débats idéologiques concernant l'organisation et la représentation du monde économique (rétablissement des corporations en particulier). L'étude à été menée partir des riches archives de la Chambre (procès verbaux et dossiers thématiques), de recherches concernant ses membres, principalement en termes de carrière institutionnelle et de cumuls de mandats, et de nombreuses sources imprimées touchant aux dossiers traités par la Chambre.
Dans un premier temps, une étude, en partie quantitative, du travail de l'institution et des carrières de ses membres permet de définir une chronologie propre à la Chambre et de poser des hypothèses concernant les motivations de ceux que l'institution intéresse (membres, mais aussi interlocuteurs dans l'administration et dans le monde économique). Une présentation chronologique s'attache ensuite notamment à l'analyse fine de périodes de changement (1828-1832, 1848-1852). Dans ces moments, les membres de l'institution apparaissent acteurs de leur histoire, avec une certaine autonomie pour redéfinir leurs règles de fonctionnement ; mais ils sont aussi soumis à la concurrence d'autres institutions et à des chocs extérieurs (émergence de chambres syndicales, révolutions politiques, actualité nouvelle de la question sociale...). Au fil des travaux de la Chambre émergent enfin certains dossiers d'histoire économique (régulation des transactions boursières, contrôle a posteriori des sociétés anonymes, modes d'encouragement des exportations...) et d'histoire des statistiques sur lesquels l'étude de l'institution ouvre des pistes nouvelles.
Antonopoulos, Jean. "Les relations franco-helléniques de la fin du XIXème au début du XXème siècle (finance et politique en Grèce, 1897-1914)." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA01A002.
Full textThis essay intends to present the basic factors that shoped the greek - french relations during the period of 1897 to 1914. The focus is on the extent to which certain economic factors, and particularly the banking capital, contributed to the development as well as to the further reinforcement of the french foreign policy towards greece of that era. Based on the most important historical events of that period -the war between greece and turkey in 1897 and the balkan wars of 1912 to 1913 - which set the scene for the subject under research, the essay also attempts to examine and, if possible, to identify the role of the great banking institutions in france, as well as that of the national bank of greece, pertaining to the greek great idea's support by means of national loans and in relation to the policy of the governments involved
Larbi, Kninah. "L'évolution des structures économiques, sociales et politiques de la ville de Fès au XIXe siècle "1820-1912": l'ouverture au marché mondial et ses conséquences." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212107.
Full textVignau, Pascale. "La Pallice : La construction et l'essor d'un port de commerce (1870-1940)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROF005.
Full textAt the beginning of the 19 th century, the navy underwent an accelerated technical change. The "old port" with medieval origins of La Rochelle no longer meets the needs of navigation, which gives rise to the digging of an effective interior basin in 1808. This equipment quickly proves insufficient and in the middle of the century, the construction of a second basin outside the walls was essential and saw the Ville-en-Bois district develop nearby. Quickly, in turn, in the years 1850-1860, this new basin no longer met modern maritime requirements. The construction of a third wet dock in deep water was then considered for the first time. The question of location arises. The answer comes from the hydrographer engineer Bouquet de la Grye who, after having studied the various possibilities of the bay, proposed in 1876 a place 5 km west of the city, with would be the creation of the deep water port of La Pallice. The visit of the Minister of Public Works, Freycinet, in 1878, endorsed this major project which had become national in scope. Work began in 1880 until August 19, 1890, the date of inauguration by President Sadi Carnot. On June 5, 1891, the port establishment was opened to navigation, and traffic grew steadily. The First World War highlights the advantages of La Pallice and its important role in national defence, but the port presented as modern in 1890 soon becomes cramped to receive increasingly large ships. The construction of a deep-water stopover mole was adopted in 1923, to be partly operational before the Second World War. This thesis, which is part of urban history, also aims to demonstrate how the creation of the port of La Pallice has enabled La Rochelle to renew its great maritime destiny by reviving its marchant economy
Levan-Lemesle, Lucette. "L'enseignement de l'économie politique en France (1860-1939)." Paris 1, 1995. http://books.openedition.org/igpde/2584.
Full textIn france, teaching of political economy is divided in three periods. 1) a free treaching monopolizes liberal say's inheritence. Academie des sciences morales et politiques makes a choice among its graduates to form professors. 2) secund, faculties in law became dominante instance, and some special places, in paris, become sort of satellites. From 1896, professors are formed with a special exam. They reexamine without any conformism all liberal orthodoxy and just became real professionels. 3) but 1930 crisis spoils their prestige. Famous ingeneers ask for more mathematic economics and claim for expert's recognition