Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Histoire des sensibilités et du corps'
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Casilli, Antonio A. "Les mythes de régénération dans la cyberculture : le corps et ses utopies." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0008.
Between 1984 and 2001, cyberculture promoted the utopian ideal of a technologically regenerated body, echoing the expectations related to contemprary corporality. In the 1980s, the spread of the cyborg myth corresponded to the boom of personal computing. While epitomizing the body infected by machinery, the cyborg mirrored the fears of contamination prevalent in the AIDS years. At the beginning of the 1990s, cyberculture refocused on the possibility of "disembodying" the body in order to allow it to inhabit decontaminated virtual realities. With the rise of the Web, the attention turned to the configuration of a digitized online body. All things considered, cybercultural anxieties converged on a specific conception of the body - the one endorsed by biomedical knowledge, wich underwent a crisis of confidence due to the AIDS pandemics. Biomedecine fortuitous weakening prompted the development of challenging conceptions of the body within cyberculture
Jandot, Olivier. "Les délices de la flamme : la sensibilité au froid et à la chaleur dans la France moderne (XVIe - XVIIIe siècles)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2098.
At the time when material conditions in our existence deeply differed from those we know nowadays, what was the impact of the change in the seasonal temperatures on the individuals and society? How did the men and women of the past endured winter cold and how did they strive to protect themselves from it? How efficient were the means used to fight the cold and what could the indoor temperatures be in winter? After the first intuitions sensed by Lucien Febvre and Robert Mandrou, this work, at the crossroads of the history of the body and that of sensitivity, tries to trace out the genealogy of our sensitive relation to the world. After mentioning the contributions and the limits found in various types of studied sources, the first part of this dissertation is devoted to the way the change in temperatures were perceived, noted or thought at a time when cold and heat were more perceptible experiences than measurable physical quantities. It also deals with the way the cold spells affected daily life and that more than today troubled both the individuals and society with unsolvable difficulties. Wondering about the recurring figure of the “great winter”, it shows that those descriptions of harsh winters revealed a climatic reality as much as the old societies’ extreme vulnerability to the cold. The second part revolving around the question of the material civilization tries to recount the different strategies used to fight the onslaught of winter weather. Thus it studies the role and importance of fire places in homes as well as the way it brought a feature of civilization which changed both the living conditions and the physical attitudes that were implied in the process of civilization. The poor calorific value of fire places explained the necessary resort to mobile heating sources and the establishment of numerous strategies to fight the cold, which changed according to the regions and the social standing. Thus, Preindustrial France was understood as a world of permanent economy and of scarce heat where the constant question of the combustible material economy could explain the importance of living with cattle, of overcrowded places - denounced by the doctors in the Age of Enlightenment - and the existence of certain forms of social skills. Trying to recreate the coherence of a system and habitus that have disappeared today, a third part naturally raises the question of sensitivity – in the physiological but also social meaning of the term – to cold and heat and its evolutions. In an essay on the archeology of the body, we tried to recreate the conditions inside the dwellings of the past, in an effort to determine the comfort temperature. The compliance with relatively low indoor temperatures regarding our current demands led us to underline that our capacity to acceptance had been culturally and socially built up and to question our relation to discomfort and pain since the cold, even though it was supported, entailed suffering and physical damage. Pondering over the technical reflection to the heating issue that had developed throughout the 18th century, we were led to go over the complexity of the interaction between society, scientific and technologic evolution and the individual and social acceptance to the cold and heat. The 18th century seemed to be the turning point where for the first time a social demand for heat had been overtly expressed (though condemned by both moralists and doctors) which heralded our unquenchable need for comfort. The expression for that social demand did not necessarily mean that it would be universally satisfied. Consequently, the old thermal regime would be lasting beyond this studied period…
Régis, Nina. "Le pain de guerre allemand : une histoire culturelle de l'arrière, 1914-1919." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU20083.
During the First World War, as it was impossible to import raw material and cereals from enemy countries, Germany had to impose bread rationing on the population. The first food to be rationed was bread. From the beginning of the conflict in 1914 to the treaty of Versailles in 1919, this study’s objective is to understand the experience of this food and in what way it’s qualitative and quantitative evolution influenced the Homefront’s will to support the war. The question leads to link the history of the senses with the history of emotions, the study of social practices and of cultural representations, of the press and the censorship, of the politics of bread, of the medicine and of the food security. The anticipation of the first shortages materializes from 1914 to 1916 through the creation of new institutions and the search for new substitutes to replace flour, but also through the invention of a war bread, which consumption becomes a patriotic gesture. From 1916 on, the bread’s qualitative and quantitative decline leads to the expression of disgust and to its refusal, although it continues to be suffered by the consumers and mocked by the enemies. From 1918 to 1919, war bread remains in the heart of demands for the return to the tastes of peace times and a more fundamental reassessment of the rationing system, as well as the State’s role. This study had been made possible thanks to many precious archives and invites to question several prejudices concerning « the German war bread » rooted in a more ancient opposition between white and black bread. The conservation of material traces and the transmission of bread-making practices in the long run indicate the capital role of this food for the experience, but also for the remembrance of the war. They prove the interest of a subject which stakes stretch out until the Second World War
Während des Ersten Weltkrieges, als keine Rohstoffe und Getreide mehr aus den benachbarten verfeindeten Staaten importiert werden konnten, mussten Lebensmittel in Deutschland rationiert werden. Das erste rationierte Lebensmittel war das Brot. Vom Anfang des Krieges an, im Jahre 1914, bis zum Vertrag von Versailles im Jahre 1919 geht es darum, die Broterfahrung zu erforschen und zu zeigen, inwiefern die qualitativen und quantitativen Veränderungen die Bereitschaft, der in der Heimat verbliebenen, den Krieg weiterhin zu unterstützen, beeinflusste. Diese Frage ermöglicht es, die Geschichte der Sinne und der Emotionsgeschichte, die Studie der sozialen Praktiken und der kulturellen Darstellungen, der Presse und der Zensur, der Brotpolitik, der Medizin und der Ernährungssichterheit, miteinander zu verbinden. Den ersten Mangelerscheinungen wurde zwischen 1914 und 1916 einerseits durch die Bildung von neuen Institutionen und durch die Suche nach neuen Ersatzmehlsorten entgegengewirkt, andererseits durch die Erfindung eines Kriegsbrotes, dessen Konsum als eine patriotische Geste gedeutet wurde. Ab 1916 rief die qualitative Verschlechterung des Grundnahrungsmittels, das abgelehnt, doch oft erduldet und von den Feinden verspottet wurde, das Gefühl des Ekels hervor. Zwischen 1918 und 1919 befindet sich das Kriegsbrot im Mittelpunkt der Forderungen nach einer Rückkehr zu den Geschmäckern der Friedenszeiten, und zugleich einer grundsätzlicheren Infragestellung des Rationierungssystems und der Rolle des Staates. Ermöglicht wurde diese Forschung durch eine günstige Quellenlage. Durch diese werden Vorurteile bezüglich des « deutschen Kriegsbrotes » hinterfragt, die mit der viel älteren Gegenüberstellung zwischen Weiß- und Schwarzbrot zusammenhängen. Die langfristige Konservierung der materiellen Spuren und die Weitergabe der Herstellungspraktiken deuten auf die wesentliche Rolle des Nahrungsmittels für die Kriegserfahrung, aber auch für die Erinnerung an den Krieg. Sie beweisen die zentrale Stelle eines Themas, das bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg weiterhin eine Schlüsselrolle einnimmt
Heichette, Michel. "Sociabilité et sensibilités collectives au XVIIIème siècle : l'exemple du Pays Sabolien." Le Mans, 2002. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2002/2002LEMA3008_1.pdf.
Daniel, Marina. "Regards sur le corps meurtri : victimes, expertises et sensibilités en Seine-Inférieure au XIXe siècle." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL566.
Are victims the ones that History forgets ? By choosing the topic of the wounded body, the aim of this thesis was to study the victims of body violences, and thus to discover their social profile, to follow their legal course from the aggression to the lawsuit. This mainly approach concerns historical anthropology. The complaints and especially the depositions allowed a new life to the victims’ words. Testimonies and the analysis of the press were an opportunity to reach not only the social representations of the victim and the suffering, but also the sensibilities. Moreover this study could not be complete without the study of the practice of forensic medicine, which states the sufferings of the victims and helps for the recognition of their statute. Finally this thesis makes it possible to study the institutional, medical, social readings of violences and the body sufferings
Fraboulet, Meyer Aurélie. "Corps et interprétation : lorsque le corps pianistique raconte une histoire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100215.
Every subject possesses not only one human body but several bodies, influenced by their interaction with the environment. A subject is also influenced by a primitive corporal dimension, which incarnates their style, their way of being in the world. Style is inserted into the expressive intentions of the subject, by an intentional and unconscious energy which influences their behaviour. This doctoral thesis concerns the expressive intentions of a pianist during the performance of musical gesture (a combination of the subject’s mental representation of the musical work and the involvement of the pianist’s body). Results have shown that both style and the primitive dimension orient a pianist’s body towards a particular organization: a body organized at various levels linked to differing aspects of musical gesture. This organization suggests that a pianist’s body incarnates the proto-narrative structure of musical gesture, implying that a pianist’s body also incarnates their personal story constructed throughout their mental representation of the musical work. It is not purely a functional support, neither purely an emotional support, but fits in above these two dimensions. Furthermore, a pianist’s body is manipulated unconsciously, confirming the existence of an intentional and unconscious energy. This research shows importantly that a pianist’s body has been “surnaturé” to incarnate the telling of a story
Wéry, Anne. "La mémoire orchestique de 1551 à 1606 : polémiques de sensibilités et de rhétoriques romanes." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040050.
This research apprehends the dance phenomenon from 1551 to 1606, through three kind of sources: literature, religious treatises and technical discourses. Those writings can especially be found in Romanic domain. The catholics, protestants and humanists' attitudes are particular worthwhile to compare in French speaking regions where some treatises are not well known or even unknown. The codification books indicate for their part a maturating reflection, and his origins are localized round about 1450. The literary and official texts show prolongations in the practice. In the matter of aesthetic analysis, the leading philosophies of the renaissance and their incidences in the 'orchestic' (the marriage of dance, poetry and music), is shown. The philosophies are jointed round the life and the death. These three discourses translate a same state of society, a same state of mind: the quest of sensation. This quest favors the profane with regard to sacred. The written polemic maintains emphasizes the aesthetic change that plainly rise after 1606 when the appearance of the allegorical ballets tallies with the decline of the specific condemnations of the dance
Grateau, Philippe. "Sensibilités, cultures et doléances : regard culturel sur les cahiers de doléances de 1789." Rennes 2, 1999. http://books.openedition.org/pur/23366.
The registers of grievances have been worked on, exploited and published. They have been widely commented upon especially by experts including Michelet,Taine, Tocqueville, Jaures or Furet. Since they have been subjected to all sorts of reading grids, ranging from cursive to structural reading, and searched for any relevant information they could disclose about the political, the economic and the cultural situation of the time, they seem to hold no more secrets. Yet, commemorating the bicentennial on a scientific level was the opportunity to remind every one of us of their extraordinary richness. Reading them from a cultural point of view isn't aimed at being considered as + scoop ;. It rather aims, on the one hand, at taking into account the immense historical production of the last three decades and on the other hand, at making the most of the product of the extraordinary effort which has been put into publication for over a century. Indeed, recent works in the field of public opinion or material culture raise new questions. Along the same hoes, the numerous available editions enable us to approach things from qualitative as well as a quantitative angle by examining them on different scales (local, regional, national). After presenting a critical synthesis of the existing works on the subject, the survey concerning both national and regional levels, casts a light on rural people's moral and philosophical aspirations, whether these convey their yearning for freedom, equality, happiness or progress. From these representations, it then goes on to explore cultural attitudes. For instance, through a complaint about the tax system, the members of the peasant community expressed their moral and philosophical yearnings, they described their conception of authority and sovereignty, they disclosed their fear of running short of bread, their dread of being struck by a disease or else their craving for culture. They wondered about the adequate means to collect the necessary funds for the education of their children, for medicine or to lure a capable surgeon and a competent midwife into settling in their village. Thus people of modest means cast a special light - at least in the context of a meeting - on what the ideals of the + siècle des Lumières ; were to lead on to on a local scale
Lessard, Rénald. "Pratique et praticiens en contexte colonial : le corps médical canadien aux 17e et 18e siècles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17833.
Attely, Marie-Willye. "Le corps de l'infirmière : paradoxes et non-dits d'un corps à corps." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131024.
This research, emanating from the field of the Human Sciences in sciences of education, uses the hermeneutic approach in a movement where the biographic process allows the nurse to be seen in the narrative of the interviews, and to observe the nurse, as caregiver in a body-to-body relation with the patients. This thought concerns the paradox of the nurse body in her/his activity inside the places of care including general-purpose reanimation, adult psychiatry and geriatrics. Therefore, this thesis, taking its theoretical roots from the concept of biographisation, will attempt to show how the complexities and the paradoxes of the human body physical presence enable the observation of that which this unspoken by the nurse who becomes a professional caregiver
Boudet, Menard Edwige. "Histoire de mon corps : enquête graphique et photographique, rôle thérapeutique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010577.
Two works, completed during my "D. E. A. " represent limited analyses of myself. They are "me",. . . But "who am i ?". "I" propose to answer this question through a "self-analysis" that resorts - to the free association process, - the analysis of my photographic works according to the dream interpretation method, appealing to collective symbolism, - an amplification of the tragefy dealt with in the first chapter : "mental image : body in pain", resulting in the creation of three series : "ambivalence and the acceptance of bipolarity", "death and re-birth", and finally "the infinite", respectively dealt with in the second, third and fourth chapter. The fifth chapter, "my inner discourse", materialises the meaningful items determined by the associative @atterns, and it defines my defensive dynamic. It is only at the end of this experiment that i plainly realise the ambiguity of my project : mesmerized by the "object", i was unable to free myself from it. They were my real self : the original thing. My body and the image of my body were but a second self : the meaningful core of the matter was "elsewhere". My "self-analysis" embodied in a thesis appears as the exemplification of my questiioning my own self, an illusion of the senses. I know that i am, for i know that i am a social being; but i refute the logical consequences of that awareness
Monnier-Benoit, Gaëlle. "Cosmétique et hygiène du corps : théories, pratiques et représentations (XIIe-XVe siècle)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11949.
Krouck, Corinne. "Les combattants français de la guerre de 1870-1871 et l'écriture de soi : contribution à une histoire des sensibilités." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010508.
Marmasse, Gilles. "De la nature à l'esprit. Corps animal et corps humain chez Hegel." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010612.
Vázquez, Ávila Monica. "La dimension historique présente dans le délire : corps, langage et générations." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070091.
Clinical work with insanity shows the presence of historical elements in delirious discourse. It might seem that delirium manifests in its discourse "fragments of reality" related to an event experienced by ancestry. From that event, delirium becomes a first stele of a language that shows "that" which was lived in the past as a traumatic experience, but not recorded by the psyche. The retrieval that delirium does of a part of history concerns a fragmented history, broken, non svmbolic, it is the "real" of history it has to do with the "historic truth" that returns from the outside. In this sense, delirium becomes origin to gestate a relation to the subject and language. Analyzing the notions of body, language and generations, we penetrate the implication of each of these notions in the history of the delirious subject. This research work studies the nature of the relation between delirium and history from a psychoanalytic perspective
He, Hai. "La vie, le corps et la société : des phénomènes du corps dans l’art contemporain chinois." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/HE_Hai_2011.pdf.
From the end of the culture revolution to today, the Chinese contemporary art has gone through a process of thirty years. During these thirty years, the Chinese society has undergone a big change. In the process of the Chinese contemporary art, the “body” has undoubtedly played an important role. If we say that art is a bridge between the artist’s life and the society, the “body” is an important bridge pier. From the body’s viewpoint, we can find the logic of Chinese contemporary art’s development and understand how the Chinese artists integrated their work into the social space. In this thesis, we have studied the most important phenomenon of body in the Chinese contemporary art. They include the “sacrificed body”, the “parody body”, the “metamorphosis body”, the “metaphor body” and the “intermediality of body”. At last, we have also described our own art works about the “body”
Tanguy, Gildas. "Corps et âme de l'État : Socio-histoire de l'institution préfectorale (1880-1940)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010328.
Gerozissis, Triantafyllos. "Le corps des officiers et sa place dans la société grecque : 1821-1974." Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA020002.
In this thesis we are studying the process of the greeks officers corps during the period 1821-1974. This period is divided in five parts. These parts are: 18211862, 1862-1909, 1909-1940, 1940-1950, 1950-1974. The nature of the facts and changes that marks this period is, military, social, political, institutional, constitutional. In these facts and changes the role of the officers corps is very important and sometimes primordial and decisive. In fact, the officers corps and his role are presents during all the history of the modern greece (1821-1974). These changes and facts have influenced the officers corps. In this way one influence reciprocal is produced. These socials changes influenced the process and the social changes inside the officers corps and the officers corps influenced these changes and facts in the greek society. The same for the political, institutional, and constitutional domains and directly or indirectly in the evolution and the processes of the right in the modern greece. The same for the military facts. So, necessarily, or by the way, in the same time we are studying the greek society in somes of his domains in theirs processes and evolutions
Rissoni, Dos Santos Regis Ana Lucia. "Histoire du concept d'obésité aux XIXe et XXe siècles." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0007.
Conte, Sophie. "Action oratoire et écriture du corps de Quintilien à Louis de Cressoles." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040292.
Housset, Georges. "La garde d'honneur de 1813-1814 : histoire du corps et de ses soldats." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE4048.
Coming within the senatus-consulte of the 3d of april 1813 that requires 180. 000 men meant to bring the army at full strength, the operation that interests us is compulsory and exceptional conscription : the guard of honour must provide four regiments of 2. 500 sabres each, with soldiers recruited from the upper classes of the empire. Apart from the name, there is nothing in common between this corps, endowed with pronounced national and military characteristics and the guard of honour of the towns set up as soon as 1802, made up of local volunteers. This extraordinary institution, since it is especially designed to motivate the enlistment of the sons of notables whereas thanks to the replacement system they usually do their best to shirk military service could only originate in extraordinary circumstances. And this is precisely the case just after the Russian adventure during which the army numbers melted away and the MALET's matter that demonstrated the frailty of the regime. Even the promise to become second lieutenant after twelve months of presence in the corps does not seem to has been sufficient to attract the sons of the well-off of the counties. Moreover we can assert that the connivance established between the gentility and the prefect in charge of the organization of the guard of honour produced results that did not meet the emperor's expectations as for the men's worth and the financial plan used. However this raising provided Napoleon with four additional regiments at no cost that performed their duty very honourably in 1813 and 1814 in spite of the many difficulties of organization due to the problems of the time
Séguillon, Didier. "De la gymnastique Amorosienne au sport silencieux : le corps du jeune sourd entre orthopédie et intégration ou l'histoire d'une éducation "à corps et à cri" - 1822-1937." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28554.
Caps, Géraldine. "Les "médecins cartésiens" : héritage et diffusion de la représentation mécaniste du corps humain (1646-1696)." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN21030.
Dupéron, Isabelle. "Le parallélisme psychophysiologique : histoire et actualité d'une hypothèse sur les rapports entre l'esprit et le corps." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100179.
The parallelism hypothesis intends to explain why there is a close relationship between mental and somatic events, without assuming any dualism of the cartesian type nor any materialist reduction of mind to matter. According to that hypothesis, there is a one-to-one correlation between mental and physiological states ; moreover, there are two kinds of causality, one existing at the mental level and the other at the somatic level. Thus, the causal structures ruling on one hand the succession of mental states and on the other hand that of physiological states, are closely isomorphic. Such an hypothesis does not stand by itself, but needs to be included in a more developed ontology. Indeed it has proved possible to include it in several different ontologies, which all imply a kind of panpsychism. In its first part, this work studies the historical origins of the parallelism hypothesis (the criticism of cartesian dualism in the 17th century) and the two metaphysical systems which resorted to it during that period : spinoza's and leibniz's ontologies. Part 2 deals with the history of the hypothesis during the 19th and 20th centuries : it studies some "parallelist" ontologies of the 19th century (mainly fechner's), and shows how much influence they exerted on the rise of a psychological science. Moreover, it examines bergson's criticisms of the hypothesis and the relations that psychophysical parallelism may entertain with psychoanalysis. Last part 3 aims at discussing the extent to which the parallelism hypothesis can still be considered nowadays as relevant: it studies the role played by the hypothesis in contemporary neurobiological research, especially in the particular case of the neurobiology of paradoxical sleep
Cuny, Noëlle. "Les mutations du corps dans les romans de D. H. Lawrence : histoire et mystique." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030088.
The human body, in D. H. Lawrence’s novels, bears the symptoms of a tension between historical necessity (by which is meant human as well as natural history), responsible for its sometimes monstrous mutations, and faith in its own immutable and inalienable structure and meaning. If Lawrence’s first novels show a painful awareness of the forces of matter and of evolution, The Rainbow and Women in Love, rather than attempting to resist those forces, transfigure them through art, myth and mystical inspiration. By contrast, the post-war novels counter history with satire, but also by means of diagnostic and therapeutic discourse. Kangaroo and The Plumed Serpent bring this anatomical exploration onto the political ground, seeking to re-activate the body’s mystery in the community, at the cost of cruelty. Novel after novel, there seems to have settled an apocalyptic suspense, where pathological disorder and mystical mutation coexist and—sometimes jointly—produce unexpected new forms
Klein, Alexandre. "Du corps médical au corps du sujet. Etude historique et philosophique du problème de la subjectivité dans la médecine française moderne et contemporaine." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943709.
Carbone, Andrea L. "La représentation de l'organisation spatiale du corps chez Aristote." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010691.
Gueydan, Jean. "Histoire démographique et sociale du bourg de Corps (Isère), aux 17e et 18e siècles : hommes, familles, pays." Lyon 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO20077.
The township of corps (isere), ruined by the religious wars, quikly expanded in the days after the edit de nantes (1958) to reach nearly one thousand inhabitants in 1685 ; the revocation of the edit was a demographic castatrophy that a century badly made up. Notwithstanding many hiatus during the seventieth century, the registers of the both parish and notaries made possible the reconstruction of several hundred family lineages and the follow-up of the demographic and social evolution of men, families and locality until the end of the religious registry office on december 31th 1792. After the study of births, wedlocks, deaths, fecundity and other more unusual questions such as the birth and the death of families, this thesis records the number of inhabitants at various periods, classify them according to their religion or age and lists their trade. It approaches the examination of different aspects such as the first names, surnames and nicknames used at the time, the language and the level of education. It outlines the geographical areas in which family and professionnal migrations occured
Careme, Claude. "Vervins de 1750 A 1789 : les rapports entre le corps de ville et l'Etat." Reims, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REIML006.
In France the administrative decentralisation established by the 1982 act is the opposite to the centralised system set up by bonaparte. However the latter already existed under the old monarchist rule : the absolute rule of the monarchy totally controlled the municipalities. Vervins, a fortified town of 2,000 inhabitants in the administrative district of Soissons, was no exception. Charters had been granted to Vervins by its lords in 1163 and 1238 additionally a transaction in 1573. The autonomy of the town body had gradually been eroded since the time of king louis xiv. Editts had been passed which modified its constitution : eventually the municipal officers were non longer elected by the inhabitants, but appointed by the king. The royal appointees and subdelegates controlled all the decisions made by the town body. An administrative and decentralising reform of was decided in 1787. It only granted some provincial, not municipal autonomy, but it prepared the way for the 1789 reform which was more profound and it shows that the present debate "centralisation-decentralisation" began in the days of the former monarchist rule
Marchand, Suzanne. "Naître, aimer et mourir : le corps dans la société québécoise." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24106/24106.pdf.
Peyrouse, Anne. "La fiction poétique, précédée par Corps-floraison et En filigrane." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0027/NQ31504.pdf.
Chamayou, Grégoire. "Les corps vils : éthique et politique de l'expérimentation humaine au XVIIIe et XIXe siècles." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070066.
The vile bodies are prisoners condemned to death, prostitutes, hospital inmates, terminally ills, who historically served as experimental material in the constitution of the modem medical science. This study is about the history of the subjects of the experiments. From the question of the social distribution of risks, we question the link vvhich has been established, in a logic of sacrifice regarding the subjects of Iesser value, between the modem scientific practice and the degradation of certain lives. This work associates an epistemological history of the experimental practice and of its ethical modes of problematisation with a technopolitical history ofthe experimental sciences considered as devices of acquisition. In this history of the power to experiment, the vile bodies intervene at first as "stand-in" for the sovereign, by delegation of its power of life and death. The variolic inoculation, taking the whole population for object, changes this configuration. The emergence of the clinic develops a "contract of assistance" between the classes, the care of the poor allowing the extraction of a transferable cognitive surplus value. The experimental medicine, basing the therapeutic trial on the physiological experiment bases itself on its scientificity. But the development oft he experimental pathology induces an ethical crisis vvhich puts the notion of consent at the core of an acquisition device thought on the contractual model of the work relation. The tendency to the experimentalizafion of the world asks the question of the relationship between medicine and its "externalities". The problem is then the social and political consciousness of the physicians within the industrial society and L during the colonial expansion
Fesquet, Frédéric. "Un corps quasi-militaire dans l'aménagement du territoire : les agents forestiers et le reboisement des montagnes méditerranéennes en France et en Italie aux XIXème et XXème siècles." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30072.
Guyot, Sylvaine. "Jean Racine et le corps tragique." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030135.
The tragic body in Racinian tragedy appears to be an object of study that is both paradoxical and obvious. Obvious since theatre is par excellence an art of the body and yet paradoxical because Racinian tragedies are typically known for their de-emphasis of the body’s presence both as a point of focus and as a means of expression. This study seeks to address this neglected topic by challenging the conventional notion that classicism was fundamentally detached, harmonious and universal. To study the tragic body is to undertake a cultural history since the body is a social fact whose practices, values and representations are determined by the society of which it is a part. At the crossroads of a number of areas – politics, moral and scientific anthropology, elite civility, oratory arts and aesthetic trends – the Racinian body puts into play the fundamental values of seventeenth-century society. Far from being a simple reflection of reality, Racinian tragedy is a space of conflict that probes the very foundations of social imagery, in that it dramatizes the fissures inherent in institutions. Tragedy during the reign of Louis XIV serves as a fruitful avenue of inquiry. It is contemporaneous with absolutism and thereby amply imbued with power. Of Aristotlean inspiration, it also draws upon the polemical relationship between dignity and weakness in order to call forth intense emotions. And with the emergence of the field of literature, tragedy is above all concerned with pleasing. Dramatist in this gallant century, Racine explores the forms of the body to the extent of touching his audiences. His analysis allows one equally to observe the transformations in the theatrical aesthetic. Cultural, critical and aesthetic bodies : the physical body in Racine’s tragedies offers a point of entry to examine the history of the theater, of manners, of taste and of emotions
Abastado, Philippe. "Visages et corps d'hier : vieillissement et pathologies depuis le XV siècle à travers l'autoportrait." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070084.
Our study cares about the face of human alive being since the 15th century. Self portraits will be our tools for exploration. Both ageing and disease allow us to ensure that the painter reproduces a human reality more than following stereotypes. This approach by the self-portrait allows homogeneity of the sources and a continuum of the material. But this method supposes the analysis of distortions due to the method itself or due to the conservation of the works, basis of this study. Our analyzes are both quantitative and qualitative. It reveals, with some reserves, that since the XVth to the dawn of the XXth, the speed of ageing seems homogeneous. The XVIIIth century is marked by a cult of youth in the age bracket 40-50 years. Moreover it appears a lengthening of the lifespan at the XVIIIth century and longer lifespan for the sculptors than for the painters. Details of self-portraits take a value of symptoms with their critical analysis and by their confrontation with the complete works of the artist This clinical study makes possible to affirm that the portrait is the representation of a face and not the illustration of an ideal, of a history or a statistical series. This method finds its limits. For example, the frequency of a pathological diagnosis in the self-portrait is low compared to its incidence in the portrait itself. Other tools of individualization such as social references and even ugliness can be used. At the end of the inspection, the fabric becomes more explicit; it delivers the invisible, speaks about human and expresses the artist's inner self
Joly, Maud. "Le corps de l’ennemie : histoire et représentations des violences contre les républicaines, Espagne (1936-1963)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0060.
This research is devoted to the analysis of sexual acts of violence committed by the nationalist camp against republican women during the period of the Spanish Civil War and of the post-war years. This study aims at studying the meaning of acts which end up creating a grammar of violence. It also aims at showing that the way the body of the enemy is treated sheds lights on the very nature of the Francoist political project. The very decision to shave, purge, rape and sexually mutilate women - all very particular forms of violence - allows us to understand how the country plunged into violence, along with the totalizing dynamic of this violence and the way it is part of a long genealogy of the history of political, social and cultural confrontation in Spain. He study revolves around the analysis of the corporeity of war, rooted in the links between violence, sex and war between 1936 and 1939 but also around the identification of those who committed these violent acts, designated in archives by descriptions of violent acts mixed with fantasies as well as stereotypes, and finally around the analysis of the long period during which the country left the war in fits and starts, an analysis that pinpoints continuities, echoes, and abrupt changes in the evolution of political violence in Spain. The thesis here is that of an archaeology of sexual violent acts. This archaeology aims at casting new light, thanks to the study of facts that used to be relegated to the margins of history, on the Spanish Civil War and its aftermath. Beyond this particular goal, the idea is to write, through the analysis of these violent acts and of the fantasies that underpin and reinvent them, new pages
Reiplinger, Charles. "Naissance de la constitution écrite : la constitution des corps politiques en Angleterre et en Amérique du Nord aux seizième et dix-septième siècles." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020074.
This study is dedicated to the birth of the idea of a written constitution, in England and North America, during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Taking as starting point Reformation in England, it shows that congregationalist theology, a branch of english calvinism, by developping the idea that the church is a body politic created by a covenant and given a constitution, is a direct source of the idea of a written fundamental law. This idea is joined in New England by the english law, specificly corporate law, which makes the colonies bodies politic, based upon and ruled by a charter of incorporation. These influences lead to the Mayflower Compact, a social contract by which New Plymouth is founded in 1620. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in 1639 add to the social contract the idea of a written fundamental law, meant to establish and limit the powers of political authority. This idea is extended in 1643 by the adoption of the Articles of Confederation of the United Colonies of New England
Piqueux, Alexa. "Le corps comique. Représentations et perceptions du corps dans la comédie grecque ancienne et moyenne (étude littéraire et iconographique)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040273.
Analysis of the body provides an effective means of capturing comic performances in classical Athens and Magna Graecia. Textual and iconographic sources ought to be considered together to shed light upon the staging of the comic body as it was perceived and imagined. In particular, the conclusions of this work are based upon the comparison of Greek comedies from the 5th and 4th centuries B.C. and South-Italian vase-paintings of comic subjects. The first chapter presents the two corpuses and the questions raised by their comparison. Chapter two describes the material characteristics of the comic costume. The third and fourth chapters focus on the semiotics of the costume ; the signs of the genre are treated first, followed by a discussion of the social and moral characterization of the personages. The final chapter pertains to the dramatic function of the comic gesture
Klein, Alexandre. "Du corps médical au corps du sujet : étude historique et philosophique du problème de la subjectivité dans la médecine française moderne et contemporaine." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0288/document.
Medicine in France is currently undergoing a crisis, with respect to its establishedreferences and values, as a result of the major technical, sociological and scientific changes undergone in the twentieth century. This thesis aims to explore the ins and outs of this crisis through an historical and philosophical study of the emergence and development of modern and contemporary French medicine as a profession, scientific discourse and social practice. From the forming of the medical body to the emergence of an autonomous non-professional discourse, wedefend the idea following which the genesis and evolution of medical discourse, from the eighteenth century to the present day, rests on its ability to answer the foundational problem of the possibility a scientific and technical objectivation of the human subjectivity. Originally of an epistemological nature, this problem reveals itself, through our genealogy, to be rather of a philosophical, ethical and sociopolitical nature, which leads us to conceive a frame of reference by means of which to better understand the contemporary crisis underlying the modern doctorpatient relation. Finally, a case study of the correspondence of Enlightenment's medical doctor Samuel-Auguste Tissot (1728-1797) offers an essential viewpoint from which to reflect on the possibility and conditions of a medical epistemology that ensures the respect of the autonomy andidentity of all subjects, patients and practitioners alike
Bernfeld, Karin. "Ecriture du corps et discours clinique dans les autobiographies d'anorexie-boulimie." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070006.
Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this study analyses the ambitions and the writing processes found in personal accounts from individuals suffering from anorexia-bulimia, by comparing the spheres of clinical and autobiographical discourses. The corpus consists of retrospective narratives and personal diaries, some unpublished, from 1977 to 2007, from men and women, of French, British, American and Canadian origin. The context of these writings is first of ail clarified by a diachronic study which demonstrates the taboo of eating disorders in men and the mystification of anorexia to the detriment of bulimia. This context is essential to understanding the motivations of the writers, both professional and non-professional, of the corpus, whose stylistic analysis emphasizes a number of common procedures as well as the essential role played by temporality. What emerges next, through observing the writing of the body, is the difficulty of giving an account of an illness where the body tends either to disappear or to become an obsession. Auto-pathography may then impose itself as the sole means of expression. Language is damaged by pathology and writing is thus not always therapeutic. This thesis shows that beyond their documentary features, these texts often resemble indictments. In narratives of hospitalization, the institutional violence inflicted on bodies converges with the intellectual violence of psychiatric power and its discourse. In fact, in these writings what emerges clearly is the force of testimony as a site of resistance. But autobiography can become a case study, pathology an identity; self-writing becomes problematic and runs up against certain limits
Liberge, Marie-Luce. "Esthétiques du rire et violences de l'histoire : corps, objet, idiotie, danse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080079.
This thesis questions the dialectic of laughter and the violence of history in the images and in the artworks of the 80s to today (especially). This study is based on analyzes of works organized around four axes : the body, the object, the idiocy, the dance. This work is based on four notions that are carnivalesque, witz, condensation and distanciation whose definitions come from the texts of Schlegel, Freud, Bakhtine, Brecht. Starting from the definition of violence inducing, among other things, the imposition of a norm or a framework, and considering the fact that of laughter can be perceived as the fragmentation of the frame, this work applies to see how the aesthetics of laughter interact with violence and resist it. It is also about analysing how the laughter brings to the work, some means of resisting to the sensationalist image and in which way laughter can arrange a distancing. Finally, this work tries to see how the aesthetics of laughter enrichs the perception and the reflection, but also art and life, of a vital elk, of breath, of strength that the arrangements, devices, maters express or translate
Atrux-tallau, Mélanie. "Histoire sociale d’un corps intermédiaire : l’Assemblée permanente des chambres d’agriculture (1924-1974)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20087/document.
Since its founding in 1927, the Permanent Assembly of Chambers of Agriculture (Assemblée permanente des chambres d’agriculture, APCA) changed several times its role and social profile. Its history begins while the farmers unions are almost celebrating their fiftieth anniversary. The APCA then starts a long quest to set itself as an intermediary between the agricultural professional organizations and State structures. Although this institution is exclusively a consultative one in the 1930’s, it progressively tends to become a protagonist of the agricultural development policy in the 1960’s-1970’s, offering technical and administrative support to the local chambers of agriculture, and developing a public advisory capacity as well as its own publishing policy. Prosopographical and micro-historical methods allow us to demonstrate that this process of institutionalization has been the long-term task of some farmers leaders and their managers, men born at the beginning of the twentieth century, and that its success is the result of slow adapations of all the players involved. A relational database system allows us to follow the social trajectories and to localize in the nebula of professional and political networks some 8.000 members of the chambers of agriculture of this period, as well as their 500 presidents. From the Third Republic to the Peasant corporation of the Vichy régime, and then from the Liberation in 1944-1945 to the agricultural modernization of the “Trente glorieuses”, this history is also a way to enlight how agrarism as a pattern of control could endure while productivism as a new paradigm was asserting itself
Sangiacomo, Andrea. "L'essence du corps. Science et philosophie à l'époque de Spinoza." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0806.
My dissertation examins Spinoza’s account of bodies. I devote the first part of my dissertation to investigating how and why issues linked to the concept of body and, more generally, to physics, become real problems for Spinoza. This leads to the important result of reevaluating the first steps of Spinoza’s philosophical career. I stress the theological context in which, in the Short Treatise (1661 c.a.), the concept of body appeared for the first time as a challenge. How is it possible to demonstrate that the extension is an attribute of God and thus that finite bodies are modifications of God’s infinite substance? In order to answer this question, Spinoza will be forced to work out different further conceptual tools, most notably the mereological part/whole distinction, the status of natural law and the conatus doctrine. My chronological approach shows that the achievements we find in the Ethics (1675) are only the last and most consistent version of Spinoza’s philosophy, which underwrite several major changes through his development. This methodological approach allows us to appreciate several key shifts in Spinoza’s position and thus to frame in a more determinate way the problem of his sources. Firstly, I address the highly debated question of the dependence of Spinoza’s physics on Descartes’ own project. I focus on Spinoza’s attempt to make coherent Descartes’ use of the concept of determination, which turns to be crucial for Spinoza’s own account of physical interactions. As a second step, I explore Spinoza’s relationship with two key figures of the English Modern culture in the pre-Newtonian period: Thomas Hobbes and Robert Boyle. I stress Spinoza’s debt with Hobbes but also the discrepancies between their accounts of causal interactions. In that view, I underline that Robert Boyle provides an important framework to understand Spinoza’s ontology of activity. As a third and final step, I compare Spinoza’s own evolution with the rise of Occasionalism, which was at the same time a chronologically parallel, but philosophically opposite development of Descartes’ project
Morgain, Stéphane-Marie. "Unité de corps et exclusion confessionnelle : Théologie et politique chez Pierre de Bérulle (1598-1629)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010595.
Cardinal Pierre de Bérulle (1575-1629) is known as the founder of the oratorians, congregation of priests dedicated for the formation of the clergy acording to the council of trente, and for having introduced into France spanish carmelite nuns of Therese of Avila's reformation. His contribution to the politics of Louis XIII is less known. This work proposes from a reading of Bérulle's theolocial texts to develop a vast political project capable of facing up to the challenges of the protestant reformation, of gallicanism and the rebellion of "grands" which engendered the division of the body of the state, and the body of the church. A project perfectly organized which will be supplanted by Richelieu's more realistic vision
Ronsin, Francis. "Du divorce et de la separation de corps en france au 19eme siecle." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070002.
Until 1792, in france, marriage could never be broken but merely loosened thanks to legal separation. In 1792, divorce became lawful and legal separation was forbidden concurrently. The bonaparte civil code authorized legal separation anew. In 1816, under the restauration, divorce was forbidden. In 1830 as well as in 1848, the liberty of divorce seemed likely to be restored but was not, eventually. A few days before being crushed down, the commune had started studying a project to reestablish the right to divorce. After the victory of the republicains at the 1876 election, the deputies debated the project and divorce was eventually re-established in 1884. It is striking to see marriage legislation being challenged at every main date in the history of the 19th century. This close relationship between the history of political institutions and the history of family institutions has been too much overlooked by the specialists of "great" history. And it is no less striking to note that while the divorce question is discussed with passion by the politicians, the writers, the social philosophers, public opinion seems relatively unconcerned. The statistics which we have analysed show that the couples wishing to break off were so few for a long time that they could well be considered as marginal. .
Folliot, Valérie. "Le corps dansant glorieux : une figure de l’imaginaire chorégraphique?" Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN1034.
The theory of the truth of the body, so dear to the world of dance, dating back to a whole Judeo-Christian heritage funds, we will consider that dancing is both transport and transformation. The act by the movement of the heart that gives rise, causing them to become who we are and urges Pindar, as it is called to go with the strength that we have, say the Scriptures. That is why some consider, with Pina Bausch, dance theater that opens beyond a sense of love : a hello. And it is obvious when the ballet as "the movement does not lie," says Martha Graham. Just as the dance is movement but not emotion, pose Merce Cunningham , it is expression of the sacred , that boasts totally Maurice Béjart, is as intimate as to who sees her as a discipline, asceticism. If indeed "dance is the firstborn of the arts", following Curt Sachs is matches suggests that orchestiques forms mean a "reminder of the death and resurrection of Adonis ; [. . . ] Ancient myth of death and the awakening of Nature. " As it relates to greater than oneself, the transcendence, the instance is realized and fulfilled. Thus the elevation that is needed in the art world of Western dance spectacle radical ; where the Glorious dancing body : a figure of the imaginary dance
Le, Gac Julie. "Splendeurs et misères du Corps Expéditionnaire Français en Italie : (novembre 1942 - juillet 1944)." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DENS0061.
By fighting under the tricolour flag for the first time on European soil since the defeat of 1940 the French Expeditionary Corps (FEC) made an important symbolic gesture towards national recovery. The symbolism of this historical moment should not, however, obscure the difficulties behind it. This thesis presents a wide-ranging study of the FEC from the Allied landings in North Africa in November 1942 to the FEC’s withdrawal from Italy in July 1944. It not only examines military operations but also highlights the political and diplomatic difficulties faced during the FEC’s creation: the lukewarm public response to the levée en masse in French North Africa, the problematic amalgamation of Vichy’s Army of Africa with the Free French Forces and the uneasy relationship between French and Allied leaders, French diplomacy impeded by dependence on U.S. arms. French participation in the Italian campaign is also examined in the light of Allied debates on military strategy in the Mediterranean Theatre. Though a peripheral war zone, the Italian peninsula was the scene of a gruelling struggle. This thesis offers a detailed analysis of the combat experience: the violence of the war of attrition in the winter of 1943-44, the suffering of the combatants and the physical and psychiatric casualties. It also examines questions relating to soldiers’ leisure, discipline and colonial relations within the army. It then evaluates the role of the FEC in the liberation of Rome in June 1944, a victory tarnished by incidents of rape and looting. Ultimately, while the FEC marks a decisive step in the reconstruction of the French Army, it also reveals a growing rift between France and its Empire
Durrive, Barthélemy. "Usage et fonctionnement d’un corps sans mode d'emploi. Que se joue-t-il entre l’intérieur et l’extérieur du corps dans la constitution d’une "physiologie du travail" (de l’Âge classique à la Belle Époque) ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN080.
The phrase “work physiology” (referring to professional work) appeared during the International Hygiene and Demography Congresses between 1900 and 1904. It was first used to call for a brand new research program applying the methods and results of experimental physiology to the study of the body at work in several definite occupations. Creating its first official state-funded laboratory in 1913, this “professional work physiology” tried to launch – by means of well publicized case studies and declarations – a large-scale scientific enterprise for the scientific analysis of human work. The self-proclaimed aim was to rationalize legislation regarding fatigue, settle arguments (between employers and employees) on scientific grounds, and most of all optimize the organization of work. This specific kind of “work physiology” developed t first without the knowledge of Taylor’s research, but as soon as the beginning of the 1910’s, “work physiologists” started announcing that their own studies tended to improve taylorism – as they confirmed its principles while adapting its applications to the specificities of the living organism.This thesis takes the “1900 period” as a starting point in order to show how the scientific debates resulting in the formation of “work physiology” actually have roots in distant history – for the working body has been an object for scientific study since at least the late 17th century. Our hypothesis is as follows: the formation of a “work physiology” raises an important epistemological issue, namely that experts in the organic functioning suddenly analyze the way workers are using their own bodies. Thus, while changing their object, scientists claim that it is possible to evaluate and optimize this use of one’s body from a purely physiological standpoint. This thesis tries to shed light on the source and the evolution of this peculiar idea, throughout the 17th, 18th and 19th century. Focusing on a few famous cases studies in the scientific analysis of human work, we try to show how the modeling practices tend to mix statements about what happens inside the body with what is at stake outside the body, in the real-world work situation.While the facts analyzed here are historical in nature, the question asked to carry out the analysis is philosophical in nature: what can we learn from the motives developed by and the difficulties encountered by these physiologists of a new kind, regarding the claim to dictate a “correct use” of the body solely based on physiological knowledge ? The issue that this dissertation tries to raise boils down to this question: can one assign something like an instruction manual to the living body? – a question fully renewed in the fifties and sixties by the newly formed ergonomics
Mierzejewski, Stéphan. "Le corps académisé : genèse des STAPS (1968-1982)." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100137.
The developments that led to the emergence of a French sport sciences university course were initiated from the physical education's sphere. This filiation makes us wondering, as so far as it breaks with the whole criterions generally admitted by the historiography of academic's innovations (scholarly lineage, Scientifics' level of hoarding and competition, apparent social importance, etc. ). Only an empirical and relational historical outlook shows off the objectives and symbolic internal stakes that mark out the future of the studied universe, as well as the nature of the social logics displayed at the connection of the education, sport and state fields
Allain, Bernard. "Des jeux de balle traditionnels au rugby professionnel : histoire d'une domination économique et politique des corps." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS023S.
Why did rugby turn professional more than a century after its football counterpart ? In order to understand such a time-lag, we shall evoke the history of ball games and that of their practitioners. They will tell us about the emergence of the two sports as the result of conflicts and struggles between social groups for the political, economic and symbolic domination of each of the two practices. Despite the split involved by this choice in 1895, the people in charge of rugby opted for an amateur ethos and thanks to various protections created by their institution or not, they managed to impose it, at least apparently. But in response to the inapplicability of that outdated dogma the “amateurisme marron” settled locally and rugby gradually unofficially made its production mode similar to that of the capitalistic society. The rationalization of its body production would both be the cause of its turning professional and its main consequence