Academic literature on the topic 'Histoire des accidents'
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Journal articles on the topic "Histoire des accidents":
1
Delalande, Nicolas. "Vers une histoire politique du capital ?" Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 70, no. 01 (March 2015): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ahs.2015.0136.
Abstract:
Résumé La question des liens entre l’analyse économique et l’action politique est un élément central du Capital au XXIe siècle et de toute approche se revendiquant de l’économie politique. Pour autant, la nature de ces liens ne paraît pas toujours clairement explicitée dans l’ouvrage de Thomas Piketty. Cette lecture critique entend donc ouvrir trois points de discussion, à lumière de l’histoire et de la science politique. Les politiques fiscales de réduction des inégalités apparues au XXe siècle sont-elles de simples accidents de l’histoire et, si oui, comment penser leur avenir ? Au nom de quels principes la tendance inégalitaire du capitalism pourrait-elle être corrigée en l’absence de tout système de substitution ? Enfin, la délibération démocratique que T. Piketty appelle de ses voeux n’est-elle pas déjà profondément altérée par les logiques économiques que son livre met au jour ? Une histoire politique du capital paraît plus que jamais nécessaire.
2
León Vargas, Karim. "La Compañía Colombiana de Navegación Aérea, 1919-1921. Una aventura empresarial pionera en Suramérica." Lecturas de Economía, no. 68 (November 11, 2008): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n68a270.
Abstract:
La temprana participación de empresarios colombianos en el establecimiento de compañías de aviación en Colombia durante la primera década del siglo XX, estuvo marcada por el riesgo ante una industria aeronáutica apenas explorada a nivel mundial. El artículo describe la creación y el funcionamiento en 1919, de la primera compañía de aviación en Colombia: Compañía Colombiana de Navegación Aérea, CCNA. La documentación proveniente de archivos personales, diarios y prensa de la época, permitió explorar la corta vida de esta compañía. Este primer intento empresarial abrió el camino de lo que se convertiría años más tarde en una lucrativa industria que revolucionó la forma de trasladarse de un lugar a otro y fortaleció los vínculos económicos y políticos entre zonas aisladas geográficamente. Palabras clave: historia de la aviación, transporte, modernización, historia empresarial, accidentes de aviación. Classification JEL: N46, N76, N86. Abstract: The early participation of Colombian entrepreneurs in the establishment of airlines in Colombia during the first decade of the twentieth century was marked by risk, faced with an aviation industry that recently began worldwide. This article describes the creation and operation in 1919 of the first airline in Colombia: Compañía Colombiana de Navegación Aérea, CCNA. The documentation from personal files, newspapers and press at the time, allowed to explore the short life of this company. This first attempt paved the way for what would become years later in a lucrative industry that has revolutionized the way of moving from one place to another and strengthened economic and political ties between geographically isolated areas. Keywords: history of aviation, transport, modernization, business history, aviation accidents. Classification JEL: N46, N76, N86. Résumé: Le risque d'investissement dans une industrie aéronautique à peines explorée au niveau mondial, caractérise la précoce participation des chefs d'entreprise dans l'établissement des compagnies d'aviation en Colombie pendant la première décennie du XXème siècle. Cet article décrit la création et le fonctionnement, en 1919, de la première compagnie d'aviation en Colombie, appelée Compagnie Colombienne de Navigation Aérienne, CCNA. L'étude de la courte vie de cette compagnie a été possible grâce aux archives personnelles, aux articles des journaux et à la presse de l'époque. Cette première tentative entrepreneuriale a ouvert la porte à la transformation, des années plus tard, d'une industrie très lucrative qui révolutionnerait définitivement la façon de se mobiliser en Colombie, en renforçant les liens économiques et politiques entre les zones isolées du pays. Mots clef: histoire l'aviation, transport, modernisation, histoire entrepreneuriale, accidents d'aviation. Classification JEL: N46, N76, N86.
3
Chartier, Roger. "La réparation des accidents du travail et la commission du salaire minimum des femmes (1925-1931)." Relations industrielles 18, no. 1 (January 24, 2014): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1021454ar.
Abstract:
Sommaire Voici le cinquième d'une série de textes sur la législation québécoise du travail (et sur les services connexes du Ministère du travail) de 1885 à nos jours. Ces notes pourront un jour servir à une histoire plus méthodique des relations du travail au Québec.
4
Lemercier, Claire, and Claire Zalc. "Pour une nouvelle approche de la relation de crédit en histoire contemporaine." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 67, no. 4 (December 2012): 977–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900009483.
Abstract:
RésuméLa relation de crédit a encore été peu étudiée en histoire contemporaine, où elle est largement appréhendée sous le prisme d’un récit évolutionniste qui verrait la victoire progressive de « la rationalité économique »vial’institutionnalisation, la formalisation ou encore la modernisation, autant de notions qui semblent aller de soi. Nous proposons d’explorer les modalités de l’articulation entre formalisation et personnalisation de la relation de crédit, sans nous restreindre au schème de l’opposition entre les deux. En nous étayant sur une revue critique de la littérature récente sur ces thématiques, nous envisageons successivement la complémentarité des protagonistes du crédit et les transformations des instruments et des outils qui informent la transaction, avant d’aborder les accidents du crédit et les sanctions qui s’y attachent – ou non.
5
Chartier, Roger. "Les indemnités pour accidents du travail, les bureaux de placement gratuits et la première guerre mondiale (1909-1918)." Relations industrielles 17, no. 3 (January 28, 2014): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1021575ar.
Abstract:
Sommaire Voici le troisième d'une série de textes sur la législation québécoise du travail (et sur les services connexes du Ministère du travail) de 1885 à nos jours. Ces notes pourront un jour servir à une histoire plus méthodique des relations du travail au Québec. Cette série d'articles est la synthèse d'une « Etude analytique et évolutive des services du Ministère du travail et de la législation ouvrière et sociale de la province de Québec, 1885-1952 » préparée par l'auteur à la demande du Ministère, et reproduite ici avec sa permission.
6
Levy, David, and Henri Wallard. "Les évolutions de l’opinion publique sur le nucléaire en France et en Europe." Annales des Mines - Responsabilité et environnement N° 113, no. 1 (January 23, 2024): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/re1.113.0079.
Abstract:
L’énergie nucléaire, invisible et récente, a connu une histoire mouvementée marquée par sa dualité civile/militaire et trois accidents aux retentissements mondiaux. L’idéologie et la politique ont souvent pris le pas sur l’économie et la technique. En Europe, après 30 ans peu porteurs, la donne a changé en 2022. Ce changement apparaît plus en lien avec la guerre en Ukraine et les craintes de pénurie qu’à la lutte contre l’effet de serre. Dans le monde, de nombreux pays comptent sur le nucléaire pour décarboner l’électricité. Et des voix de jeunes militants écologiques commencent à s’exprimer en faveur du nucléaire, à rebours des doctrines historiques. Le nouveau nucléaire nécessitera un grand professionnalisme dans le processus de déploiement, et un cadre démocratique irréprochable comme celui mis en place pour le site de stockage en profondeur. Des annonces et des plans insuffisamment préparés pourraient rendre certains projets beaucoup plus difficiles malgré cet environnement favorable.
7
Thiltges, Sébastian. "La représentation interculturelle du désastre nucléaire entre appropriation et écart : deux exemples luxembourgeois." RELIEF - Revue électronique de littérature française 16, no. 1 (July 8, 2022): 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51777/relief12382.
Abstract:
Dans la littérature luxembourgeoise, les centrales nucléaires font partie de l’imaginaire littéraire dès la fin des années 1970. Cet imaginaire est alimenté par l’opposition à deux projets de centrales sur la Moselle et porte la trace, au fil des décennies, des accidents nucléaires qui ont marqué la récente histoire de l’humanité. À partir de ce contexte, la présente contribution cherche dans un premier temps à mettre au jour les multiples liens entre l’écologie et le nucléaire, et corollairement entre les deux champs de recherche qui, dans le cadre des études littéraires et culturelles, en étudient les représentations : l’ecocriticism et le nuclear criticism. En se fondant sur les problématiques communes à ces dernières (temporalité, géographie et subjectivité), l’analyse de deux œuvres littéraires francophones publiées au Luxembourg explore deux manières paraissant diamétralement opposées de décrire la dimension interculturelle de la catastrophe nucléaire, l’une imaginant l’appropriation culturelle construite sur la relocalisation géographique, l’autre mettant en exergue l’écart entre l’événement et sa perception.
8
Bäck, Allan. "Mistakes of Reason: Practical Reasoning and the Fallacy of Accident." Phronesis 54, no. 2 (2009): 101–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852809x403649.
Abstract:
AbstractFor Aristotle the fallacy of accident arises from mistakes about being per accidens and not from accidental predication. Mistakes in perceiving per accidens come from our judgements about being per accidens and so commit that fallacy. Practical syllogisms have the same formal structure as being and perceiving per accidens. Moreover perceiving per accidens typically provides the minor premise for the practical syllogism as it makes it possible for us to know singular propositions, especially those about substances. Thus these minor premises may come about through fallacious reasoning, what today would be called reasoning via collateral information. On account of these foundations for the practical syllogism, even a person of practical wisdom will need a lot of luck to avoid mistakes.
9
Amerini, Fabrizio. "Utrum inhaerentia sit de essentia accidentis. Francis of Marchia and the Debate on the Nature of Accidents." Vivarium 44, no. 1 (2006): 96–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853406778169040.
Abstract:
AbstractThis paper attempts to provide a general reconstruction of Francis of Marchia's doctrine of accidental being. The paper is divided into two parts. (1) In the first part, I begin by reconstructing the debate on the nature of accidents held before Marchia, showing that such a debate is characterised by a progressive shift concerning the way to understand accidents. While the first Aristotelian interpreters regard accidents especially as inhering modes of being of substances, the majority of theologians and philosophers in the second half of the thirteenth century regard accidents as absolute beings. For them, the problem is no longer to explain if and, if so, how accidents can be distinct from substances, but how accidents and substances can make some one thing. Metaphysically, their primary focus is on explaining what the ontological status of inherence is. Although it is especially the consideration of the Eucharistic case that induces this change, I point out that many philosophers and theologians find in Aristotle's texts the philosophical support for taking this step. (2) In the second part, I focus more closely on Marchia's doctrine, arguing that Marchia's position is a slightly revised version of Scotus's. Unlike Aquinas and Bonaventure, Marchia explains Aristotle's metaphysics of accidents by way of the metaphysics of the Eucharist and not vice versa. So, in order to explain the philosophical consistency of this miraculous case, Marchia maintains that one does not need to modify the notion of inherence by distinguishing actual from potential inherence and including the latter in the accident's essence; rather it is necessary to take the case of the Eucharist seriously and, on this basis, to remove inherence totally from an accident's essence. In conclusion, the Eucharist shows that accidents are absolute beings to which actual inherence pertains contingently, potential inherence necessarily. But like Scotus's, Marchia's doctrine faces some difficulties that remain unresolved.
10
Vuorio, Alpo, Robert Bor, Antti Sajantila, Anna-Stina Suhonen-Malm, and Bruce Budowle. "Commercial Aircraft-Assisted Suicide Accident Investigations Re-Visited—Agreeing to Disagree?" Safety 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety9010017.
Abstract:
Background: The number of aircraft-assisted suicides can only be considered a rough estimate because it is difficult and, at times, impossible to identify all cases of suicide. Methods: Four recent reports of accidents occurring in 1997 in Indonesia, 1999 in Massachusetts in the United States, 2013 in Namibia, and 2015 in France related to commercial aircraft-assisted suicides were analyzed. This analysis relied on data extracted from the accident reports that supported aircraft-assisted suicide from the: (a) cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and flight data recorder (FDR), (b) medical history, (c) psychosocial history, (d) toxicology, (e) autopsy, and (f) any methodology that utilized aviation medicine. There are some limitations in this study. Although all analyzed accident investigations followed ICAO Annex 13 guidelines, there is variability in their accident investigations and reporting. In addition, accident investigation reports represent accidents from 1997 to 2015, and during this time, there has been a change in the way accidents are reported. The nature of this analysis is explorative. The aim was to identify how the various aircraft accident investigators concluded that the accidents were due to suicidal acts. Results: In all four accident reports, FDR data were available. CVR data were also available, except for one accident where CVR data were only partially available. Comprehensive medical and psychosocial histories were available in only one of four of the accident reports. Conclusion: To prevent accidents involving commercial aircraft, it is necessary to identify the causes of these accidents to be able to provide meaningful safety recommendations. A detailed psychological autopsy of pilots can and likely will assist in investigations, as well as generate recommendations that will substantially contribute to mitigating accidents due to pilot suicide. Airborne image recording may be a useful tool to provide additional information about events leading up to a crash and thus assist in accident investigations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Histoire des accidents":
1
Foasso, Cyrille Ramunni Girolamo. "Histoire de la sûreté de l'énergie nucléaire civile en France (1945-2000) technique d'ingénieur, processus d'expertise, question de société /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/foasso_c.
2
Orselli, Jean. "Usages et usagers de la route : pour une histoire de moyenne durée (1860-2008)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010523.
Abstract:
Bicyclettes et automobiles pénètrent vers 1900 Ie marche des voitures attelées. Des textes spécifiques visant une meilleure sécurité sont refondus dans Ie Code de fa route de 1921, élabore avec les associations d'usagers. Après 1920, la mobilité croit vivement. L' essentiel des règles de circulation est acquis en 1939. Une Ordonnance de 1958 rem place la Loi de 1851. Le développement de l'automobile de masse augmente Ie nombre des victimes après 1960. Des règles complémentaires, limitation des vitesses sur route, port de la ceinture de sécurité et du casque, limitation de l'alcoolisation des conducteurs, élabores a partir de 1959, ne sont édictées qu'après 1970. Le nombre des tués commence a décroître. Les associations s' étiolent après 1970. La répression indispensable ne peut s'imposer. Une nouvelle politique vise la responsabilisation des usagers après 1981. Elle fera faillite et un renversement augmentant la répression divisera par deux Ie nombre de tués entre 2001 et 2008.
3
Storck, Alfredo-Carlos. "Les modes et les accidents de l'être : études sur la métaphysique d'Avicenne et sa réception dans l'Occident latin." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2031.
Abstract:
Le thèse porte sur la structure et les principaux concepts de la métaphysique d'Avicienne dans sa version latine. La première partie analyse la conception avicienne de la métaphysique en tant que science suprême, ses différences par rapport aux autres sciences et sa place à l'intérieur du sytème du savoir humain. On y démontre également que la conception d'Avicienne diffère de celle d'Aristoteet que les différences relèvent de la compréhension de la struture logique des propositions réduplicatives. Le dernier chapitre de la première partie étudie la réception de la conception avicienne de la métaphysiquedans l'Occident latin, surtout en ce qui concerne la Summa Halensis, Vincent de beauvais et Albert le grand. La seconde partie propose l'analyse conceptuelle des prinicpes de la métaphysique avicienne, de la notion de l'être, de ses modes et de leurs accidents. On étudie également l'évolution historique de la critique des Latins des notions aviciennes d'essence et de possibilité, surout en ce qui concerne Guillaume d'Auvergne, Thomas d'Aquin et Henri de gand. Le dernier chapitre recherche l'influence des oeuvres d'Algazel dans la transmission des notions aviciennes d'essence et d'existence. Elle examine également l'influence de ses notions chez Albert le Grand.
4
Aubanel, Mireille. "Assurance et accidents de la circulation : la jurisprudence de la cour d'appel de Montpellier en 1937 et 1938." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10024.
5
Foasso, Cyrille. "Histoire de la sûreté de l'énergie nucléaire civile en France (1945-2000) : technique d'ingénieur, processus d'expertise, question de société." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/foasso_c.
Abstract:
Cette thèse retrace l'histoire de la maîtrise du risque présenté par les installations nucléaires civiles en France, ce qu'on appellera à partir de 1960 la "sûreté nucléaire". Au cours de la cinquantaine d'années qui séparent la découverte de la fission de son application industrielle sur une vaste échelle, la thèse montre que les moyens techniques ont été mis en œuvre au fil du temps par les ingénieurs afin de gérer ce risque réputé colossal, quel processus d'expertise et de décision ont été élaborés pour en apprécier l'acceptabilité, en relation avec les perceptions et les réactions de la société. Au-delà des conflits entre partisans et opposants à l'énergie nucléaire, ce travail montre comment au sein même de la communauté des ingénieurs du nucléaire, la distinction croissante des rôles entre promoteurs, experts et autorité de contrôle, mais aussi les différences de métiers entre concepteurs, constructeurs et exploitants, ont suscité des appréciations différentes quant aux modalités d'obtention d'une bonne sûreté. Celle-ci s'est progressivement perfectionnée grâce aux progrès des connaissances dûs aux programmes de recherches, grâce aux enseignements tirés du fonctionnement et des dysfonctionnements des installations, au renforcement des exigences réglementaires reflétant plus ou moins l'état de l'opinion à l'égard de cette industrie. Une telle histoire est ainsi multiple, histoire technique des techniques, histoire d'organisations scientifiques, industrielles, administratives, histoire sociale, histoire internationale et comparative enfin, car l'histoire de l'énergie atomique se déroule très tôt dans un cadre qui dépasse les frontières nationalesThis doctoral dissertation relates the history of the mastery of risks in civil nuclear plants in France. Since 1960, it's known as the sûreté nucléaireʺ. Over a fifty-year period separating the discovery or the atomic fission and its industrial application on a large scale this PhD shows which technical means were used over the years by engineers to handle this risk which is said to be huge. It also studies the various processes in expert evaluation and in decision making elaborated to evaluate if the risk was acceptableor not. Beyond the conflicts between nuclear advocates and opponents, this thesis shows how ever among nuclear engineer the growing distinction between roles (promoters, experts and controlling authorities) and the various jobs (designers, builders and plant operators) triggered different estimations as far as the methods to obtain a satisfactory safety. Thanks to the progress of knowledge through research programs, thanks to the lessons drawn from the functioning or dysfunctioning of nuclear plants, thanks to the reinforcement of regulations (which more or less reflects the public's opinion concerning this industry) the safety has progressively improved. Thus, this historical study is multiple: a technical history of technology, a history of scientific, industrial and administrative organization, a social history and finally an international and comparative history since the nuclear energy history quickly developped beyond national boundaries
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HLIL, GNELBIN NICA. "Les accidents du travail et les maladies professionnelles. Opacite sociale et sante du travailleur dans le regime capitaliste - un cas : la france (discours - chiffres - histoire)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR20039.
Abstract:
Cette these se propose de demontrer les mecanismes des resistances sociales qui entourent la sante au travail dans le regime capitaliste analyser les discours, les chiffres (1969-1988) et l'histoire (du 19e s, a nos jours) des a. T et m. P en france | les discours (patronaux et ouvriers) font apparaitre la naturalisation du phenomene. Ils consacrent la notion de risque au travail et masquent l'adhesion a l'ideologie qui fait dependre la sante du profit escompte. Les chiffres revelent les effets sociaux que produit du social cristallise sur les representations sociales. Ils demontrent les effets pervers que la retichisation des institutions sociales finit par imposer aux perceptions sociales. L'histoire temoigne que les resistances sociales depuis le 19e s. N'ont pu se constituer et se maintenir successivement que parce que chaque periode a su les organiser pour qu'elles paraissent naturelles et non sociales. Autrement dit, nous avons cher che a prouver : l'antinomie existante entre deux profits et la sante dans le systeme capitaliste, ce contrairement aux croyances "scientis tes" couramment admises. Alors l'opacite sociale qui entoure la sante du travailleur ne devient donc en realite qu'une tentative d'evacuation de l'explication sociale des faits sociauxThis thesis means to prove the works of social resistance wich surround the health for in the capitalist system : to parse a speech, the numbe s (1969-1988) and the history (of nineteenth century to nowadays) of working accidents accidents and occupationals diseases in france| the speeches (employers and workers) make visible the naturalization of the phenomenon. They have a smaltering risk at work and mask the adherence to ideology wich rely on health in order to take the fetichism tage. The numbers indicate the depraved effects that the fetichism of social establishment end to impose on collecting benfits. The history gives evidence of the social resistance since nineteenth century cannot incorporate and maintain successively because each erahas known how to organize them so that they appear natural and not social. In other words, we have tried to prove : existing between two benefits and the health in the capitalist system ; this is unlike to "scientists" belief generally admitted. In that case, the social opaqueners wich encircle the worker health becomes therefore in reality an evacuation attempt of social explanation of social facts
7
Bellenger, Claire. "Histoire de l'assurance de dommages en France." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020023/document.
Abstract:
Balbutiante à la fin de l’Ancien Régime, interdite sous la Révolution, quasi inexistante sous le premier Empire, l’assurance de dommages réapparut sous la Restauration pour prendre son envol sous le second Empire. La Révolution avait certes interdit les sociétés d’assurances, mais en sacralisant l’individu elle a développé le besoin de sécurité et donc à terme le besoin d’assurances. Ce sont des créateurs humanistes qui relancèrent l’idée d’assurance en concevant les premières mutuelles contournant ainsi l’interdiction révolutionnaire. L’assurance de dommages s’est construite sur la science des jurisconsultes et sur la jurisprudence. Le législateur est intervenu tardivement, en 1930, alors que les compagnies d’assurances avaient déjà pris leur essor. Au XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, il s’agissait de protéger ses biens contre les risques d’incendie. La société française étant alors essentiellement agricole, les assurances couvraient aussi le risque de grêle et la mortalité du bétail. L’industrialisation de la France a contribué au développement des contrats de responsabilité professionnelle et aussi de responsabilité civile. L’assurance automobile en est un exemple. Aujourd’hui, l’assurance est une activité complexe exigeant une grande technicité et à forts enjeux financiers. Elle est dans de nombreux cas devenue obligatoire. Pourquoi avoir interdit les sociétés d’assurances sous la Révolution ? Comment s’est construite et s’est développée l’assurance avant que le législateur n’intervienne ? Quelle a été son évolution et quel fut le rôle de l’État après la loi de 1930? C’est à ces questions que nous tenterons de répondre au cours de cette étudeHistory of property and casualty insurance in France In its infancy at the end of the Ancien Régime, forbidden under the Revolution, almost non-existent under the first Empire, property and casualty insurance reappeared under the Restoration to take off under the second Empire. The Revolution had admittedly forbidden insurance companies, but by making sacred the individual it developed the need for security and thus eventually the need for insurance. Humanist creators re-launched the idea of insurances by creating the first mutual insurance companies thereby bypassing the revolutionary ban. Property and casualty insurance built itself on the science of the lawyers and on jurisprudence. The legislator intervened later, in 1930, although insurance companies had continued to develop. Initially it was a question of protecting ones possessions against fire risks. The French society being then essentially agricultural, the insurances also covered the risk of hail and the mortality of the cattle. The industrialization of France contributed to the development of the contracts of professional and civil liability. The automobile insurance is an example. Today the business of insurance is a highly technical and complex activity with high financial stakes. In numerous cases it is compulsory. What were the reasons for forbidding insurance companies under the Revolution? How did the insurance business develop before the legislator intervened? What changed and what was the part of the government after the law of 1930? We shall try to answer these questions by this study
8
Bui, Tran Anh-Dao. "The Birth of a Bridge. The Building of the Victoria Bridge in Montreal, 1853- 1859." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL131.
Abstract:
L’imposant pont Victoria, long d’environ trois kilomètres, est le premier pont à avoir enjambé le St Laurent. Construit à Montréal entre 1853 et 1859, il est d’une importance cruciale pour le projet ferroviaire du Grand Tronc (GT), dont l’ambition est de relier le Canada Est et le Canada Ouest aux ports maritimes de l’Atlantique et ainsi à l’Europe. Une firme de célèbres entrepreneurs britanniques, Peto, Brassey, Jackson et Betts, est en charge de la construction de la section la plus importante du GT ainsi que du pont Victoria, conçu par l’éminent Robert Stephenson et son assistant Alexander Ross, l’ingénieur en chef du GT au Canada. Il s’agit d’un pont tubulaire dont la construction, achevée deux ans en avance malgré des difficultés financières et diverses épreuves, emploie parfois plus de 3000 ouvriers. Cette thèse contribue à la discussion sur le rôle du Canada dans l'histoire impériale, mais aussi à l'histoire de la circulation des hommes et des savoirs dans un contexte d'industrialisation croissante et de développement mondial du génie civil britannique. Elle étudie les relations entre employeurs et ouvriers sur le chantier et soutient que le pont Victoria est une étude de cas permettant d'analyser le paternalisme et le développement du capitalisme industriel et du travail salarié dans le Canada du XIXe siècle, avec une attention particulière portée à l'analyse du risque et des accidentsThe impressive, three kilometres Victoria Bridge across the St Lawrence River, built 1853-1859 in Montreal, was crucially important to the ambitious Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) project designed to better connect Canada East and Canada West to one another, to Atlantic seaports, and thus to Europe. A partnership of famous British contractors, Peto, Brassey, Jackson, and Betts, built the most important section of the GTR and the Victoria Bridge, designed by the eminent Robert Stephenson with his assistant Alexander Ross, the GTR’s engineer-in-chief in Canada. Construction of this massive bridge of tubular design, finished two years ahead of schedule despite financial difficulties and hardships of various natures, at times required the employment of 3000 or more workers. This dissertation contributes to the discussion on the role of Canada in imperial history, but also to the history of the circulation of men and knowledge in a context of rising industrialism and worldwide development of British civil engineering. It analyses the labour relations on the worksite, and argues that the Victoria Bridge is a case study to analyse paternalism and the development of industrial capitalism and wage employment in nineteenth-century Canada, with a particular focus on the analysis of risk and accidents
9
Midal, Alexandra. "Design par accident : pour une nouvelle histoire du design." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010644.
Abstract:
Les publications en 1936 de "Pioneers of Modern Movement" de Nikolaus Pevsner suivie par "La Mécanisation au pouvoir" de Siegfried Giedion en 1948 constituent les deux narrations originelles d'une histoire du design. Cependant, pas plus Pevsner que Giedion n'a voulu établir une quelconque histoire du design. Le premier développait une généalogie de l'architecture moderne tandis que le second concevait un panorama de l'invention et de l'ingéniosité anonyme. Ces deux récits en faveur de l'architecture et du mouvement moderne font office d'origine à une histoire du design encore peu établie, par conséquent, nous nous sommes interrogés sur l'impact de ces conceptions partisanes sur le design, et si de telles circonstances n'avaient pas donné naissance au design par accident. Cette thèse a consisté à interroger la permanence de concepts qui s'imposent depuis Pevsner et à l'opposé de son énoncé à retracer une généalogie alternative débutant avec les féministes abolitionnistes américaines, et entrelaçant constamment les « oublis» et « dénis» de l'histoire du design. Afin d'engager une nouvelle historiographie du design, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la rupture épistémologique marquée par l'opposition à la fin des années 1960 entre le Controdesign des architectes radicaux et l’Antidesign énoncé par [oe Colombo. Ce dernier a permis de repenser l'histoire du design dans une dimension autonome vis-à-vis de l'architecture, le dernier axe de cette thèse s'est engagé dans le réexamen de l'histoire du design depuis William Morris jusqu'aujourd'hui dans la seule perspective de la dynamique expansionniste qui caractérise la discipline du design.
10
Brown, Alexander F. G. (Alexander Frederic Garder) 1970. "Accidents, engineering and history at NASA: 1967-2003." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55162.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS))--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 293-320).
The manned spaceflight program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has suffered three fatal accidents: one in the Apollo program and two in the Space Transportation System (the Shuttle). These were the fatal fire in Apollo 204 (Apollo 1) in 1967, the explosion of the Solid Rocket Booster in STS-51L (Challenger) in 1986, and the destruction of the orbiter in STS-107 (Columbia). Three astronauts lost their lives in 1967, and in each Shuttle accident seven astronauts were killed. Following each of these fatal accidents, a significant investigation was conducted and a comprehensive investigation report produced. These investigation reports each served to create public narratives of the reasons for the accidents. The reports shaped the accidents' legacies for the space program and for large-scale complex engineering projects more generally. This thesis re-examines the evidence produced to investigate and explain each accident. By analyzing the investigation reports critically, as well as reviewing the accidents themselves, this work considers how engineering cultures and practices at NASA shifted to meet the changing demands of the space program. It argues that the public narratives of the accidents are not completely congruent with the engineering evidence, and that these very selective narratives are influential in shaping future strengths (and weaknesses) at NASA. By re-examining the accident evidence, the reports, and the role of each accident in shaping NASA engineering cultures, the thesis provides a view of engineering very different from what is apparent in previous historical work on the space program.
by Alexander F.G. Brown.
Ph.D.in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS
Books on the topic "Histoire des accidents":
1
Halliday, Hugh A. Wreck!: Canada's worst railway accidents. Toronto: Robin Brass Studio, 1997.
2
Ken, Smith. A history of disaster: Atlantic Canada's worst storms, accidents, and conflagrations. Halifax, N.S: Nimbus Pub., 2008.
3
Ken, Smith. A history of disaster: Atlantic Canada's worst storms, accidents, and conflagrations. Halifax, NS: Nimbus Publishing, 2014.
4
Worrall, Mark. Michigan rail disasters, 1900-1940. Dauberbville, PA: Outer Station Project, 2007.
5
Canada. Santé Canada. Division du vieillissement et des aînés. Bruno et Alice: Une histoire d'amour en douze épisodes sur les aînés et la sécurité. Ottawa, Ont: Santé Canada, 1999.
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Laé, Jean-François. L' instance de la plainte: Une histoire politique et juridique de la souffrance. Paris: Descartes, 1996.
7
Rivard, Émilie. Un pirate à l'école: Une histoire. Montréal: Bayard Canada livres, 2011.
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Martel, Yann. L' histoire de Pi. Montréal: XYZ, 2003.
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Martel, Yann. L' histoire de Pi. Montréal: XYZ, 2003.
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Lyle, Katie Letcher. Scalded to death by the steam: Authentic stories about railroad disasters and the ballads that were written about them. London: W.H.Allen, 1985.
Book chapters on the topic "Histoire des accidents":
1
Stewart, Paul, and Dagmar Kift. "On fatalities, accidents and accident prevention in coalmines." In Making Sense of Mining History, 212–33. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429243806-10.
2
Liu, Zheng, and Hao Wang. "Research on Process Diagnosis of Severe Accidents Based on Deep Learning and Probabilistic Safety Analysis." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 624–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_54.
Abstract:
AbstractSevere accident process diagnosis provides data basis for severe accident prognosis, positive and negative effect evaluation of Severe Accident Management Guidelines (SAMGs), especially to quickly diagnose Plant Damage State (PDS) for operators in the main control room or personnel in the Technical Support Center (TSC) based on historic data of the limited number of instruments during the operation transition from Emergency Operation Procedures (EOPs) to SAMGs. This diagnosis methodology is based on tens of thousands of simulations of severe accidents using the integrated analysis program MAAP. The simulation process is organized in reference to Level 1 Probabilistic Safety Analysis (L1 PSA) and EOPs. According to L1 PSA, the initial event of accidents and scenarios from the initial event to core damage are presented in Event Trees (ET), which include operator actions following up EOPs. During simulation, the time uncertainty of operations in scenarios is considered. Besides the big data collection of simulations, a deep learning algorithm, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), has been used in this severe accident diagnosis methodology, to diagnose the type of severe accident initiation event, the breach size, breach location, and occurrence time of the initial event of LOCA, and action time by operators following up EOPs intending to take Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) back to safety state. These algorithms train classification and regression models with ET-based numerical simulations, such as the classification model of sequence number, break location, and regression model of the break size and occurrence time of initial event MBLOCA. Then these trained models take advantage of historic data from instruments in NPP to generate a diagnosis conclusion, which is automatically written into an input deck file of MAAP. This input deck originated from previous traceback efforts and provides a numerical analysis basis for predicting the follow-up process of a severe accident, which is conducive to severe accident management. Results of this paper show a theoretical possibility that under limited available instruments, this traceback and diagnosis method can automatically and quickly diagnose PDS when operation transit from EOPs to SAMGs and provide numerical analysis basis for severe accident process prognosis.
3
Farrenkopf, Michael. "Accidents and mining." In Making Sense of Mining History, 193–211. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429243806-9.
4
Silei, Gianni. "Technological Hazards, Disasters and Accidents." In Environmental History, 227–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09180-8_8.
5
Galison, Peter. "An Accident of History." In Archimedes, 3–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4379-0_1.
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Lovett, Lisetta, and Alannah Tomkins. "Accidents in the workplace." In Medical History Education for Health Practitioners, 18–20. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781908911025-6.
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Adriaenssen, Han Thomas. "Digby on Accidents." In International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées, 203–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99822-6_9.
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Welfens, Paul J. J. "Aspects of British History and Policy." In An Accidental Brexit, 139–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58271-9_4.
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Marguet, Serge. "The Chernobyl Accident." In A Brief History of Nuclear Reactor Accidents, 267–330. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10500-5_4.
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Marguet, Serge. "The Fukushima Accident." In A Brief History of Nuclear Reactor Accidents, 331–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10500-5_5.
Conference papers on the topic "Histoire des accidents":
1
Severson, Kristine, and David Tyrell. "Comparison of Interior Crashworthiness Observed in Passenger Train Accidents and 8G Dynamic Seat Sled Tests." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74154.
Abstract:
The Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration conducts engineering research to address protection of passengers and crew during train accidents. This research includes accident investigations and dynamic seat testing to assess occupant injury during simulated accident conditions. Observations from selected accident investigations are compared with dynamic seat test results, based on the requirements in the Standard for Passenger Seats in Passenger Rail Cars, APTA-SS-C&S-99-016 [1], referred to simply as the Seat Standard. The Seat Standard requires sled testing of rail passenger seats to demonstrate that seats provide a minimum level of crashworthiness in the event of an accident. The interior crashworthiness comparisons between accidents and seat tests are based on the deceleration time history (crash pulse), damage to seats and/or tables, injury type and severity, and occupant kinematics. These comparisons have been made to assess the degree to which current test practice produces injury measurements and interior fixture damage that are consistent with the injuries and equipment damage observed in accidents. When test results and accident observations do not compare well, revisions to the prescribed test conditions may be warranted. The following three accidents have been selected for comparison in this paper. They were selected from accident investigations in which the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center participated, the amount of relevant data collected during the investigation, and the dynamic seat test data that was available for comparison of the specific type of seats or tables involved in the accidents. The accidents represent a range of accident speeds, type of equipment, and collision severity: - passenger train to freight train collision with a closing speed of 80 mph in Chatsworth, California, on September 12, 2008 [2]; - passenger train to freight train collision with a closing speed of 33 mph in Chicago, Illinois, on November 30, 2007 [3, 4]; - passenger train to freight car collision with a closing speed of 23 mph in Canton, Massachusetts, on March 25, 2008. A companion paper provides detail on the structural crashworthiness of the cars in the same three accidents, and describes the computer models that were developed to estimate the crash pulse, or acceleration-time history, for each rail car in the accidents [5].
2
Bajwa, Christopher S., and Earl P. Easton. "Potential Effects of Historic Rail Accidents on the Integrity of Spent Nuclear Fuel Transportation Packages." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77811.
Abstract:
The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) completed an analysis of historical rail accidents (from 1975 to 2005) involving hazardous materials and long duration fires in the United States. The analysis was initiated to determine what types of accidents had occurred and what impact those types of accidents could have on the rail transport of spent nuclear fuel. The NRC found that almost 21 billion miles of freight rail shipments over a 30 year period had resulted in a small number of accidents involving the release of hazardous materials, eight of which involved long duration fires. All eight of the accidents analyzed resulted in fires that were less severe than the “fully engulfing fire” described as a hypothetical accident condition in the NRC regulations for radioactive material transport found in Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 71, Section 73. None of the eight accidents involved a release of radioactive material. This paper describes the eight accidents in detail and examines the potential effects on spent nuclear fuel transportation packages exposed to the fires that resulted from these accidents.
3
Ersdal, Gerhard, and Andreas Friis Hansen. "Safety Barriers in Offshore Drill Rigs Derived From Accident Investigation." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51507.
Abstract:
This paper uses historic accidents to identify important barriers for the structural and marine safety of offshore drill rigs. Several accidents and near misses have been evaluated and barriers that failed, did not exist at the time of the accident or that stopped the accident are identified. Based on these analyses and review of anticipated failure modes in standards and regulations, a simplified generic barrier diagram is established. The generic barrier diagram can be used to evaluate current practice and provide input to general safety management. The possible degradation of the barriers with increasing rig age is also evaluated, and the possible effect the degradation might have on the integrity of aging rigs.
4
Ferreira Pereira a, Rogério, and Claudia do R. Vaz Morgado a. "Safety Analysis of the Deepwater Horizon Blowout Based on the Functional Resonance Analysis Model (FRAM)." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100178.
Abstract:
The Functional Resonance Analysis Model (FRAM) defines a framework for accident analysis based on the systems theory and resilience engineering, making it more suitable for complex systems. The purpose of this article is the usage of FRAM to understand the variability in the process of offshore drilling in the Deepwater Horizon accident, and the variability that possibly might exist under other offshore drilling operations. The Deepwater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico occurred when the Horizon ultra-deepwater semisubmersible oil drilling rig exploded and sank in the northern Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010, killing 11 crew members, injuring 17 others and initiating a huge marine oil spill. The Deepwater Horizon is one of the greatest environmental accidents in the history of oil. Recent demands for new discoveries and exploitation has led companies to challenge even deeper waters, as in the cases of companies in Brazil and South Africa indicating a need to better understand the overall drilling process to avoid accidents. Results of FRAM analysis of Deepwater Horizon accident show that functions "drilling" "cement placement" and "temporary abandonment" are main functions and they were not prepared to cope with process variability to ensure that processes involving diverse and complex enterprises were resilient enough to kept working when dealing with disturbances.
5
Sevart, Kevin B. "Ride-On Mower Rollover Accidents: Study and Design Solutions." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67718.
Abstract:
Each year hundreds of ride-on mower operators are injured or killed as the result of rollover accidents. Several studies have indicated that rollover accidents are the most prominent type of fatal ride-on mower accident. Rollover accidents have occurred during actual mowing operations as well as during transport or loading onto transport equipment. The mowers themselves are designed and marketed for either commercial use or consumer use. However, commercial mowers are routinely sold to and used by ordinary consumers as there are no restrictions on such sales. The mechanism of injury is typically the weight of the machine pinning the operator, or personal contact with a rotating cutting blade. Even relatively light-weight mowing machines have caused deaths due to asphyxiation or drowning when an operator was pinned under the machine. Operators that avoid being trapped under the weight of the machine may come into contact with a rotating cutting blade and receive a serious injury, such as an amputation. This paper presents a brief history of industry safety standards applicable to either consumer or commercial mowing machines. A discussion is presented of available accident reports and statistics. Sources of the data reviewed include the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Occupational Health and Safety Administration and the author’s personal investigations. Several common rollover accident modes have been identified. While it is not possible to design a ride-on mower that could not roll over, design considerations should be utilized to minimize the propensity of the machine to roll and to minimize injuries should the machine roll over. This paper describes these design considerations.
6
Wiechel, John, Douglas Morr, Brian Boggess, and Tara Amenson. "Carpal Tunnel Injury in Automobile Collisions." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12285.
Abstract:
Abstract It is trite to say that automobile collisions cause injury due to mechanical force application to the body. It is also understood that carpal tunnel syndrome is a debilitating condition which is caused by mechanical forces applied to the structures of the wrist. With the increased incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in the 1990’s, automobile accidents have been identified as a cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. Such relationship is often based on a patient’s complaints after the accident and lack of complaint before the accident. Regardless of the patient’s complaint history, a mechanical relationship between the forces present in the accident and the injury must exist. A number of vehicle accident configurations are investigated, and the forces applied to the vehicle occupant’s wrist are identified. The directions and magnitudes of these forces are discussed with respect to their relationship to carpal tunnel syndrome. This analysis shows that in low energy collisions (delta V < 16 kph,10 mph) the forces necessary to cause carpal tunnel syndrome are not present. Other accident situations can cause carpal tunnel syndrome with a prerequisite being sufficient magnitude of force applied directly to the wrist.
7
Strother, Charles E. "Velocity Histories as an Accident Reconstruction Tool." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/850249.
8
Yan, Guohua, and Chen Ye. "Passive Safety Systems of Advanced Nuclear Power Plant: AP1000." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29521.
Abstract:
In the entire history of commercial nuclear power so far, only two major accidents leading to damage of reactor core have taken place. One is Three Mile Island (TMT) accident (1979), which is caused by a series of human error, and the other is Chernobyl accident (1986), which is due to the combined reason of design defects and human errors. After TMI and Chernobyl accidents, in order to reduce manpower in operation and maintenance and influence of human errors on reactor safety, consideration is given to utilization of passive safety systems. According to the IAEA definition, passive safety systems are based on natural forces, such as convection and gravity, and stored energy, making safety functions less dependent on active systems and operators’ action. Recently, the technology of passive safety has been adopted in many reactor designs, such as AP1000, developed by Westinghouse and EP1000 developed by European vendor, and so on. AP1000 as the first so-called Generation III+ has received the final design approval from US NRC in September 2004, and now being under construction in Sanmen, China. In this paper, the major passive safety systems of AP1000, including passive safety injection system, automatic depressurization system passive residual heat removal system and passive containment cooling system, are described and their responses to a break loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) are given. Just due to these passive systems’ adoption, the nuclear plant can be able to require no operator action and offsite or onsite AC power sources for at least 72h when one accident occurs, and the core melt and large release frequencies are significantly below the requirement of operating plants and the NRC safety goals.
9
Karthika, I., S. Meykeerthi, B. Supreetha, and S. Vaishnavi. "Real-Time Tracking of Medical Histories During Accident." In 2024 5th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics (ICMCSI). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmcsi61536.2024.00048.
10
Yang, Ye, Bo Cao, and Yixue Chen. "Simulation of the Atmospheric Dispersion of Radionuclides Using Gaussian Plume Model." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16263.
Abstract:
The Chernobyl accident and Fukushima 1 Nuclear Power Plant accident are the most serious accidents in the history of the nuclear technology and industry. A large amount of radioactive materials from nuclear power plant were released, leading to huge damage and long-term effect on the environment as well as the human health neighbor to the plant. Therefore, simulating the transport and transformation of radionuclides in the atmosphere is significant for decision makers to take steps at all level. Now, many different dispersion models are widely applied and used to simulate the transport and transformation of radionuclide such as Gaussian model, Lagrangian model and Eulerian model. Though the Eulerian or Lagrangian models have several advantages, such as high spatial resolution, fully 3D descriptions of the meteorological, the simple Gaussian plume model is still widely chosen because of its higher accuracy and faster calculation. In this study, the atmospheric dispersion of leaked radioactive material during nuclear accident is simulated by using Gaussian plume model. The relative concentration distribution of the radionuclides and the trajectory of the distribution centrode are obtained in taking account of different geographical environments, wind direction, wind velocity, and stability category. These results can provide a favorable evidence for the management of nuclear accident emergency.
Reports on the topic "Histoire des accidents":
1
Bennett, River. Health effects of Radiation and Radioactivity + Historic Nuclear Accidents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1994261.
2
Mills, G. S., K. S. Neuhauser, and J. D. Smith. Study of evacuation times based on general accident history. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/174688.
3
Agüero, Jorge M. Long-Term Effect of Climate Change on Health: Evidence from Heat Waves in Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011535.
Abstract:
This paper uses year-to-year variation in temperature to estimate the long-term effects of climate change on health outcomes in Mexico. Combining temperature data at the district level and three rounds of nationally representative household surveys, an individual's health as an adult is matched with the history of heat waves from birth to adulthood. A flexible econometric model is used to identify critical health periods with respect to temperature. It is shown that exposure to higher temperatures early in life has negative consequences on adult height. Most importantly, the effects are concentrated at the times where children experience growth spurts: infancy and adolescence. The robustness of these findings is confirmed when using health outcomes derived from accidents, which are uncorrelated with early exposure to high temperatures.