Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Histoire comparé du droit'
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Essafsafi, Lahcen. "La responsabilité médicale en droit marocain : histoire d'un concept protectoral à la lumière du droit comparé." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1102.
Full textLeboeuf, Sylvain. "Le rôle du silence de l'accusé en droit comparé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27232/27232.pdf.
Full textMoaté, Michaël. "La création d'un droit bancaire islamique." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROD027/document.
Full textThis thesis on "the creation of an Islamic banking law" provides a global perspective of this phenomenon. Looking upon history, economics and law, this essay plans to study these Islamic banking techniques in the socio-cultural context governing at their emergence particularly in terms of relations between the Occident and the Islamic Orient.First, based on the study of classical Islamic law, this work analyses the substratum that has allowed the development of Islamic banking by, on the one hand, the study of the major banking concepts and on the other hand, the evolution of the Muslim world as centuries go by. Then, the analysis turns to the legitimization of modern Islamic banking techniques by comparison with classical Islamic contracts. This leads this study to the various models of Islamic banks, in order to highlight the differences with regard to religious, political and economic issues, but also to show that today's perspective move towards their uniformity. The last part of the study seeks to explain the relationship between Islamic banking law and positive law in the countries where it is incorporated. Furthermore, in Occident, the analysis distinguishes France and the Common law countries whose history shows the influence on the legal systems of Muslim countries. In the Muslim world, Morocco and Saudi Arabia, two countries whose banking systems are respectively stemming from Civilian law and Common law, are subject to a specific study. The developments come to an end by the confrontation of norms and values raised by the introduction of Islamic banking techniques in the international financial system.All the analysis proposed in this study supports the theory of the difficulty faced by these banking techniques to find consistency between the desire to be part of the religious tradition of Islam and the pursuit of economic efficiency
Dorvillé, Raphaël. "Anglomanie juridique, des Lumières jusqu'à la première Entente cordiale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSJPG/2023/2023ULILD007.pdf.
Full textThe English model appeared in the 18th century as the absolute reference, both in terms of law and political freedom, praised by French-speaking jurists and travelers as well as by English jurists themselves, which opened the way to a new world of legal comparison. The last decades of the 18th century thus saw a real legal enthusiasm for England and its liberal political model, while the libraries of leading jurists of the Ancien Régime, such as the members of the Parlements, had few books on foreign law. The first authors to write about the English legal system achieved great publishing success. Faced with the emergence of a new legal world in its spirit and method, what are the working methods of these authors? Can we trust them to understand and faithfully report a legal model which they often envy?
Jean, Florence. "La propriété "arboraire" en Corse et dans les pays environnants d'Europe et du pourtour de la Méditerranée." Corte, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CORT1020.
Full textLajoinie, Tamara. "Le référent historique dans le contentieux constitutionnel comparé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1063.
Full textHistory has always occupied a singular place within the realm of Social Sciences and the question of its functions in comparative judicial review deserves to be raised. This research intends to demonstrate that the historical argument has a decisive impact on constitutional decisions as well as on the substance of fundamental rights and freedoms. History, being systematized in comparative law, through the form of a standard legal argument, contributes, via constitutional review, to the establishment as well to the operation of the rule oflaw, today. The immediate legal logic of such historical impregnation will be analysed through the work of the judge in the motivation of its decisions. In the same perspective, the singular meaning of historical events and their positive or negative impact, feeds judicial interpretation, either breaking away from a tragic historical event or consolidating a glorious historicalheritage. The judge, in accordance with his new social function recognized in western democracies, is lead to repare directly or indirectly, the damages resulting from historical events as well as to strenghten or limitate the scope of fundamental rights, which appear today, historically situated
Saint-Laurent, Geneviève. "Le droit de vote limité par la condamnation pénale ou la quête d'un équilibre entre droit fonctionnel et droit individuelcomme limite au droit de vote ou la quête d'un équilibre entre droit fonctionnel et droit individuel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1048.
Full textWhile the fundamental and universal nature of a citizen’s right to participate in the electoral process through voting is no longer disputed in democracies, the degree of morality required for electoral capacity is still up for debate. Indeed, in many countries, felons are thought unworthy of participation in the democratic process and are thus systematically disenfranchised. However, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the Supreme Court of Canada and the European Court of Human Rights have all, in recent years, invalidated legislation that provided for general and automatic disqualification of convicted felons. A comparative analysis of these rulings, paired with a study of historical evolution of the right to vote, reveals that what was once designed as a functional right, one primarily aimed at protecting democracy as an institution, is now perceived strictly as an individual right attached to one’s personal dignity. The shift from a right focused on its “subject” rather than its “object” has had unexpected consequences. The sanctification of the individual’s right has not only encroached on the government’s ability to limit the franchise, it has also undermined the collective values that are, as much as is the individual right to participate in the election, at the heart of democracy. This thesis proposes a number of solutions to the current imbalance between the two aspects of the right to vote, all aimed at preserving the individual dignity tied to the right to cast a ballot but also at promoting the electoral function, crucial to the integrity of the democratic process
El, Tayeb El Saddig Ramah. "De l’existence d’un droit maritime méditerranéen : survivance de la pratique romano-byzantine dans le fiqh al-islami (VIIIe-XIe siècles)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU3008.
Full textDogmatically and apologetically, the 'ilm usul al-fiqh or the principles of Islamic jurisprudence places at the head of its sources the Shari'a or "the right path" – that is, the Qur'an or the Sunna of the Prophet Muhammad – and as a last resort, the 'urf or custom. Nonetheless, in the study of fiqh and the practices related to maritime affairs "fi Bahr al-Rum" or in the Sea of the Romans, meaning the Mediterranean at the beginning of the medieval period, not only does the Shari'a says almost nothing, but the observable similarities in this area with the legal compilations and the acts of its former rulers indicate a primary use of rules of "secular" origins. However, it would be excessive to consider that Islamic law was a "Justinian law in Arab dress." Although there was no "Islamic maritime law”, just as there was no "Roman maritime law" before it, there indeed existed a law applicable to maritime activities. The fuqaha or jurists adopted their contracts from the ius gentium in Arabia by incorporating Roman rules. This modus operandi will be the same as the prudentes used when the Romans invested in the Mediterranean Sea, borrowing much from Greek practice which they adapted to their contractual system. This iteration seems to indicate that there indeed existed a "Mediterranean maritime law" which, during the period of interest, was "Islamized," and before that "Romanized," while fitting into the forms of the latter. It is within this framework that the survival of romano-Byzantine practices in Islamic jurisprudence is appreciable
Moaté, Michaël, and Michaël Moaté. "La création d'un droit bancaire islamique." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00753035.
Full textFabbrini, Massimiliano. "Strumenti giuridici di prevenzione delle crisi delle imprese : una comparazione fra il modello francese e il modello italiano." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100181.
Full textThis study wants to compare the Italian legal ordering with French one. The topic is in particular the solutions that these orderings offer to the debtor in difficulty. In order to carry out such study one has been carried out first of all wide historical reconstruction on the evolution of the legislation of the two countries. The second part is instead dedicates to the direct analysis of the norms. The last chapter is dedicated at banks position. This aspect represents a problem for crisis’s prevention. We arrive at the conclusion that these two systems are very different. The French law is more complete and it’s more useful for enterprise. The Italian one wants to advice the creditors’ agreement, but on this way it sacrifices the minority creditors
Acosta, Joaquin Emilio. "La constitutionnalisation du droit colombien des contrats : contribution à l'étude du droit transnational des contrats." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0274.
Full textTraditionally, the law of contracts of Romani tradition has basically had its source in the law and in particular in the Civil Code. Thus the contracting parties had a great deal of legal discretion, since most of the laws governing contracts had a residual character of the individual will. However, this primacy of the legislature has been limited by the promulgation of the post-war Constitutions. Indeed and incontestably, human rights are the fashion, and this vogue leaves its imprint in the law of contracts. From now on, it is no longer possible for the legislator to violate certain principles having constitutional value. Moreover, this system allows the contemporary constitutional judge to annul statutory provisions that violate such imperatives. Similarly, the guardians of the new constitutions give themselves the power to indicate the interpretation that ordinary judges must adopt of the legislative texts. In this way the constitutional judge becomes an important actor of contract law in the Romanist family. Thus, an event marks a new stage in the development of private contract law: its constitutionalization. This new episode gives rise to the debate on a possible questioning of the contractual civil order
Rahon-Dos, Santos Marie-Bénédicte. "Les professeurs de droit du Collège de France (1612-1919)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB044.
Full textThe main goal of the Collège de France, created in 1530, is to teach new subjects that are not presented in the traditional academic landscape. Law, presented by the Paris Faculty of Law, used to be part of those set aside courses. It was not until 1612 that a chair of law was instituted at the Collège de France where it was then presented until 1919. The first chair of law, called chair of canon law, became part of this institution's offer despite being classified as formal education. Against all odds, that decision was aligned with the College's main goal and was taken for various reasons, both political and scientific. During the modern era, two chairs of canon law are present. The first chair, operated from 1612 to 1792, is simply suppressed during the Revolution ; the second one, operated from 1689 to 1773, is transformed into a chair of law of nature and people. This transformation sets up an unprecedented educational system in France. Indeed, although this subject is already taught in other countries, particularly across the Rhine, it is not the case in France yet. Excluded from the classical university field, the Collège de France sees in the creation of this chair, not only the enhancement of a non-existent teaching at the Faculty, but also the establishment of a certain control over a controversial subject. This chair goes through a very hectic century before being transformed in 1887. Finally, a chair of history of comparative legislation was created in 1831 and lasted until 1919. This was the last chair of law and the most innovative material. These four chairs owe their creation, their existence and their end only to their professors. It is the latter that really count, before the chair or the material itself. It is an intuitu personae system, where the character of the teacher himself is fundamental. Consequently, this study focuses on the teachers themselves, from a personal, institutional and scientific point of view. Thus, teachers are studied through their relations with the Collège de France, public authorities or other institutions of higher education such as the Paris Faculty of Law, but also in their relationship with their counterparts and with the legal doctrine
Corcodel, Veronica. "Modern law and otherness : the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in comparative legal thought." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0053.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on Euro-American comparative legal thought. It analyses the works of an important number of comparatists operating in Europe and in the United States, roughly from the 1860s to the early 2000s. Examining their representations of non-Western societies, it puts emphasis on the tensions between inclusion and exclusion of particularism and it argues in favor of a critical praxis of particularism. Inspired from postcolonial theories, it addresses the following questions: how are non-Western societies constructed in Euro-American comparative legal thought? What are the preconceptions that make the production of such knowledge possible? What is the theoretical framework that animates these constructions and what are their political implications? What elements internal to comparative legal knowledge fuel attitudes of domination or/and challenge them? How do they change and how are they reproduced from one epoch to another, from one author to another?
Luo, Gang. "La protection de l'autonomie personnelle en matière matrimoniale dans le cadre des traditions juridiques européenne et chinoise : études comparatives sur la transformation historique vers un nouveau "ius commune" de la liberté matrimoniale à la lumière des droits français, allemand, anglais et du droit chinois." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D005.
Full textIn the current situation where the matrimonial institution has become the expression of an individual freedom, rising to the level of constitutional law and international law, questions may arise as to, first, whether a new ius commune in this respect has been born on the basis of Chinese and European legal traditions, and then, to what extent. The answers closely depend on a glance at the past of this institution in the light of comparative law. Based on Romano-Canon law, the ius commune europaeum had left a considerable freedom as Roman consensus to the conclusion of marriage, but excluded the divorce, which had been followed by French, German and English laws until the 16th century. It is the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century and national codifications of the 18th and 19th century that maked this old ius commune burst. Nevertheless, the notion of individual freedom and the claim of legal equality provided the basis for a new ius commune of matrimonial freedom that evokes not only the freedom to marry but also the freedom to divorce. It is since the 20th century that the European notion of matrimonial freedom, at least as a “state of spirit”, penetrated into the Chinese legal order, leading to China’s break with its traditional heritage that had made the individual freedom of the spouses disadvantaged and unequal, and to the birth of a new ius commune crossing the two traditions. However, such a convergence, due to the cultural constraint being the fruit of distinct historical evolutions, is still only a conceptual and ideological rapprochement
In der gegenwärtigen Situation, wo die Institution der Ehe zum Ausdruck der individuellen Freiheit geworden ist, die sich auf dem Niveau des Verfassungs- und Völkerrechts erhoben hat, ist zunächst zu hinterfragen, ob ein neues gemeines Recht in dieser Hinsicht entstanden ist, das sich aus der europäischen und chinesischen Rechtstraditionen ergibt, und dann inwieweit. Die Antworten auf diese Fragen hängen in hohem Maße von einem Blick zurück in die Vergangenheit dieser Institution im Lichte der Rechtsvergleichung. Das römisch-kanonische Ius commune, das bis zum 16. Jahrhundert von der französischen, deutschen, englischen Rechte gefolgt worden war, hatte der Eheschließung eine grosse Freiheit wie römische Konsensvereinbarung gelassen, aber die Ehescheidung ausgeschlossen. Die protestantische Reformation im 16. Jahrhundert und die Nationalkodifikationen im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert zersplitterten dieses alte gemeine Recht. Allerdings schufen der Gedanke der individuellen Freiheit und die Einforderung der Rechtsgleichheit wichtige Grundlagen für einen neuen gemeinen Recht von Ehefreiheit, das sich nicht nur auf die Eheschließungsfreiheit sondern auch auf die Ehescheidungsfreiheit beruft. Seit 20. Jahrhundert ist der europäische Begriff von Ehefreiheit zumindest als eine „Geisteshaltung“ in die chinesische Rechtsordnung eingeführt worden. Dies hat dazu geführt, dass China mit dem traditionellen Erbe gebrochen hat, das die individuelle Freiheit der Ehegatten benachteiligt hatte, und dass ein neues gemeines Recht quer durch diese zwei Rechtstraditionen entstanden ist. Aufgrund der kulturellen Einschränkung, die auf unterschiedliche historische Entwicklungen zurückzuführen sind, ist dennoch eine solche Angleichung noch immer eine konzeptionelle und ideologische Annäherung
当前,婚姻制度已经演进成为个人自由的表达,并且上升到了宪法与国际法的层面,于是人们不禁要问,在这一方面基于中欧两大法律传统的新的“共同法”是否已经形成?如果有,在多大的范围内呢?这些答案紧紧地取决于从比较法的角度对这个制度既往史的考察。根植于中世纪罗马教会法的“欧洲共同法”对婚姻的缔结赋予了极大的自由,如罗马式意思一致,但却排除了离婚自由,并在十六世纪以前被法国法、德国法以及英格兰法所共同遵循。正是欧洲十六世纪的宗教改革以及十八和十九世纪的民族国家法典化运动打碎了旧的“共同法”秩序。尽管如此,个人自由的观念和法律平等的诉求为婚姻自由新一轮的“共同法”奠定了基础,不仅涉及结婚自由,还扩大到离婚自由。正是二十世纪以来,婚姻自由的欧洲观念,起码作为一种“精神状态”,被引入中国法律秩序,使中国与其传统遗产(夫妻个人自由的不尊重和不平等)相决裂,横跨两大法律传统的新一轮“共同法” 也相应诞生。然而,由于不同历史演进所带来的文化束缚,这样的一种趋同,目前还只是处于一种概念上和观念形态上的接近。
Neyrat, Anna. "Le rapport du droit administratif national aux droits administratifs étrangers : les cas de la France et de l'Espagne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0233/document.
Full textFrench and Spanish Administrative Laws are, traditionally, presented as two opposed “ideal-types”. Indeed, their relations to foreign Administrative Laws and their way to think these relations are deeply different. While French Administrative Law is viewed as understanding its foreign equivalents as recipients of its own influence, Spanish Administrative Law is seen as using them as a way to enrich its own representations. A such picture is induced by temporal and cultural reasons that make French administrative law a model for other administrative laws and Spanish one an imitator. This observation has many manifestations but is partially inaccurate . Historically, these two positions are too reductive. Moreover, nowadays, in a time of globalization a such affirmation is outdated. The increase of interactions between legal systems makes difficult to identify which concept is derived from which legal system. Hence, the purpose of this study is to view in a critical way the assumptions that make French administrative law an exporter and Spanish administrative law an importer
Rivron, Sarah. "La notion d'Indirect rule." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3020/document.
Full textColonial administration evolved a lot through centuries, and Indirect rule is one of the most representative of the British one. As such, it is interesting to look at the reasons and the issues of the particular system of government, as well as the particularities linked to Indirect rule in the facts. This analysis will be more specifically about how Indirect rule worked in Nigeria, as well as its diffusion through the British colonial empire in Africa. In order to complete the study, Indirect rule will also broached from a theoretical point of view, in particular regarding the evolution of how historians of law considered it. Moreover, its specificities will be observed, in particular by comparing indirect rule with other Europeans colonial governments
Calderon, Valencia Felipe. "Le contrôle a posteriori de la constitutionnalité des lois en droit français et colombien, éléments de compréhension d'une culture constitutionnelle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020021/document.
Full textIf we analyze a posteriori constitutional review of legislation in Comparative law, it will show that State preservation can be made from the individual point of view by an action popularis. Therefore, both the French and the Colombian constitutional law whose components have procedural mechanisms foster a new citizenship in processes that were previously in the hands of their representatives. This essay aims to consider the influences of Procedural Constitutional Law in the preservation of the Constitution as the State’s cornerstone
Gren, Marie. "De la suprématie législative à la suprématie constitutionnelle : étude comparée d'un changement de paradigme en France : en Israël et au Royaume-Uni." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D061.
Full textThe legal system relies on a constitutional paradigm. Dialectics between legal scholars, Parliament vested with constituent power and judges reinforces the consensus underpinning the paradigm. Given the compelling strength of these shared beliefs, a revolutionary process is necessary to overtum the system. At a time of crisis questioning the paradigm, a revolution can subvert the constitutional order if it is approved by the majority of legal actors, and particularly constitutional scholars. A detailed analysis of such a process in constitutional law has rarely been made. A perceptive study of such a phenomenon can be made by comparing the change of paradigm from legal to constitutional supremacy in France, Israel and the United Kingdom. In these three legal orders, the crisis of legislative supremacy lead judges to make revolutionary decisions, striking down a system based on the omnipotence of Parliament. The Constitutional Council Freedom of Association decision, the Israeli Supreme Court Mizrahi Bank case and the House of Lords Factortame case were a revolutionary move towards constitutional supremacy. The creation of a new paradigm, relying on the protection of constitutional norms by judges has then been favored by its acceptance by constitutional experts and sometimes even by Parliament
Fahlbusch, Markus. "European integration in the field of human rights protection: the interaction on the basis of different constitutional cultures." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209162.
Full textThis thesis identifies two major factors in the courts’ reasoning that inhibit the fruitful discussion of the substantive human rights questions brought up by the cases: the reference to “culture” and the focus on their institutional relationship with the balancing of possibly conflicting interests. By way of analysing practical cases against a legal- and political-theoretical backdrop, this work develops how these two factors contribute to the obstruction of a constructive interaction between the courts and to the shielding of controversial views from being discussed and challenged. In response, also by reference to the concrete practice of the courts, this thesis puts forward an approach to the interaction which avoids this inhibiting effect and therefore allows for a comprehensive, deep and critical discussion on how to solve the specific human rights problems raised by the cases./La présente thèse soutient que l’interaction judiciaire peut bénéficier à des solutions constructives des problèmes concrets de droits de l’homme comme une forme spécifique d’intégration de la protection européenne des droits de l’homme. Cette affirmation est corroborée par des études de cas qui examinent l’interaction de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme avec la House of Lords et la Cour suprême du Royaume-Uni d’un côté et avec la Cour constitutionnelle fédérale de l’Allemagne de l’autre. Pourtant, la manière dont les cours procèdent dans leur interaction, notamment au vu de leurs points de vue potentiellement conflictuels, peut détourner l’attention de la solution constructive des problèmes substantiels des droits de l’homme auxquels les cours font face. En conséquence, il se peut que les cours soient susceptibles de préserver le statu quo de leurs positions initiales et d’avoir recours à un simple compromis entre les différents intérêts en cause.
Cette thèse identifie deux facteurs majeurs dans le raisonnement des cours qui entravent la discussion fructueuse des questions substantielles soulevées par les cas :la référence à la « culture » et la concentration sur leur relation institutionnelle avec le balancement des intérêts possiblement conflictuels. Au moyen de l’analyse des cas pratiques sur le fond de la théorie juridique et politique, ce travail fait ressortir comment ces deux facteurs contribuent à l’obstruction d’une interaction constructive entre les cours et à la protection des opinions controversées contre leur discussion et défi. En réponse, également en se fondant sur la pratique concrète des cours, cette thèse avance une approche quant à l’interaction qui évite cet effet inhibant et, par conséquent, permet une discussion complète, profonde et critique de comment résoudre les problèmes spécifiques de droits de l’homme posés par les cas.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Miguez, Núñez Rodrigo Antonio. "Terra di scontri : alterazioni e rivendicazioni del diritto alla terra nelle Ande centrali." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0073.
Full textThe concepts and rules assciated to European systems of land law have historically spread throughout South America. This import did not arrive without creating difficulties, however: just like in Europe. The new ideas implemented by the civil code backlashed, as shown by forms of resistance and obstacles to the implementation of the models represented by the codes and by the "official" doctrine. In South American these reflect a complete Iack of understanding of the alternative forms of land tenure of the traditional societies, which are now the basis of the land claims or autochthonous peoples. This thesis analyses the high Andean region which is currently part of Peru and Bolivia. Based on a comparative historical approach the study advances a critical analysis of the legal transplant of possessive individualism in the region and the local resistances to the: importation of western legal doctrines. The advent of the occidental state involved the imposition of the possessive individualism and liberalism as central values of the new institutional Latin-American order. During the republican period such process, justified by the prestige or the European experience, was supported by the proliferation of a set of laws aimed at canceling any reference to the colonial system. In its economic profile, the new ideology gravitated around the establishment or individual freedom or disposition over the most evaluated asset according the economic and philosophical predicaments of European physiocracy: the land. For this reason the process of economic consolidation leaded to establishment of an increasing rural market based on individual titles to property, and to the eradication through an exhaustive legislative production, of any obstacle to the free alienability of the land
Déchaux, Raphaël. "Les normes à constitutionalité renforcée : recherches sur la production du droit constitutionnel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32074.
Full textJudicial review of constitutional amendments is not yet accepted in France. The legal community quasi-unanimously agreed on that solution since the early days of the III Republic. In its decision dated from march 26th, 2003, the Constitutional Council has explicitly denied its power concerning constitutional amendments. In view of the situation in neighboring countries Germany and Italy, the French situation remains singular, if not exceptional.The Constitution contains a provision which cannot be amended. Article 89 para 5 thus states: The republican form of government shall not be the object of any amendment.” Far from the debate on supraconstitutionaliy, it is therefore possible to envisage a specific action of constitutional amendment, based on the Constitution itself. These norms are called constitutionally enforced. The idea is to determine whether a hierarchy exists between “enforced constitutionally norms” and “simple constitutionally norms”. This research must be conducted under a positivist and kelsenian approach. It demonstrates that the constituent power creates specific norms that the amending power, along with all delegated power must respect. It should then be assessed if this theory is effective. The analysis of “constitutions changes” during constitutional transition reinforces the theoretical analysis. Comparative constitutional law studies demonstrate that judicial review of constitutional amendments is not a “Government by judiciary”; it further advances the rule of Law
Gren, Marie. "De la suprématie législative à la suprématie constitutionnelle : étude comparée d'un changement de paradigme en France : en Israël et au Royaume-Uni." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2017. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247191703.
Full textThe legal system relies on a constitutional paradigm. Dialectics between legal scholars, Parliament vested with constituent power and judges reinforces the consensus underpinning the paradigm. Given the compelling strength of these shared beliefs, a revolutionary process is necessary to overtum the system. At a time of crisis questioning the paradigm, a revolution can subvert the constitutional order if it is approved by the majority of legal actors, and particularly constitutional scholars. A detailed analysis of such a process in constitutional law has rarely been made. A perceptive study of such a phenomenon can be made by comparing the change of paradigm from legal to constitutional supremacy in France, Israel and the United Kingdom. In these three legal orders, the crisis of legislative supremacy lead judges to make revolutionary decisions, striking down a system based on the omnipotence of Parliament. The Constitutional Council Freedom of Association decision, the Israeli Supreme Court Mizrahi Bank case and the House of Lords Factortame case were a revolutionary move towards constitutional supremacy. The creation of a new paradigm, relying on the protection of constitutional norms by judges has then been favored by its acceptance by constitutional experts and sometimes even by Parliament
Falélavaki, Yannick. "L'histoire d'une conversion : la doctrine française du XIXe siècle et le recours à la comparaison juridique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G022/document.
Full textWhile the French legal doctrine seems to be barely concerned about foreign laws between 1815 and 1869, it appeals intensively to comparative law between 1869 and 1914. How to explain this swing ? The first period was marked by the silence of a large part of the doctrine in respect of foreign laws : having at its disposal genuine legal models (the Napoleonic codes), the doctrine actually does not feel the need to look across national borders but almost exclusively focuses on the texts of these new codes. In terms of education, this is reflected by the adoption of the exegetical method ; incidentally encouraged by the state... Although a handful of French lawyers quickly rise against this method they consider unsatisfying, the pioneers of legal comparison then constitute the limited circle of members of the French doctrine. But they announce and prepare their successors for the "comparative era." It is indeed in 1869 that the Société de legislation comparée is founded, the founders actually foreseeing since then a "French delay" in legal terms but also in other fields (economy, education, military, science, etc.), that it will be difficult to fill. The following year, the defeat of Sedan confirmed their fears. Above all, it pushes the French jurisconsults to take an active interest in foreign laws, especially the one of the winner. According to them, the legal comparison can contribute to the "French recovery." From a legal perspective, it is indeed to restore French law and its aging code. This explains, ultimately, the growing interest by the most famous French jurists of the late XIXth and early XXth century for comparative law. Some will even have the ambition to erect it in science
Jouet, Mugambi. "Les droits de l'homme en France et aux États-Unis : la dialectique des convergences et des divergences." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D024.
Full textThe dissertation examines the evolution of human rights and human dignity in France and the United States since the Enlightenment. Its multidisciplinary dialectic offers news perspectives on the processes shaping the conception of these norms through the experience of two nations with a major historic role.The American and French revolutions converged in invoking universal rights. Yet each country diverges considerably today. While the Declaration of the Rights of Man of 1789 is now a French constitutional text, the concept of "human rights" is hardly used in U.S. law. Moreover, America commonly exempts itself from international human rights norms, as illustrated by its retention of the death penalty. However, this profound divergence did not always exist. Calling into question the notion of a quasi-direct link between the French Declaration of 1789 and human rights nowadays, the dissertation addresses the relationship between the French Revolution and modernity. It also examines France's reticence to ratify the European Convention on Human Rights and how it was among the last Western European nations to abolish capital punishment. The dissertation's first half offers a macro-societal analysis of the evolution of human rights in each nation since the revolutions of the 18th century. The second half focuses on criminal justice, including the death penalty, incarceration, and prisoners’ rights, to assess the impact of human rights and human dignity on positive law during this period. The dissertation ultimately reveals how human rights have been conceived, protected, and denied for generations
Han, Seung-Jun. "L'urbanisme planifié et opérationnel : étude comparée entre la France et la Corée." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010281.
Full textThis study compaping French and Korean laws presents the ways and means used after decentralization and competence tranfers relating to city-planning. It poses the problem of Korean city-planning rules relevance the preliminary part reviews development of city-planning's rules. In an historical way for korea, it analyses after wards the institutional system through the actors, then, decentralization of city-planning's rules in Korea and France. However, competences tranfer has been successfull in France, it comes up against many problems in Korea, particularly the abscence of any general principle. The first part puts forward the nature and content of national and local applications rules in France, the "POS" ratifies decentralizations mouvement and the "SD" comes from a cooperation between communes. In Korea space planning is based on "PAS" and "SD" that emphasize the abscence of local dialogue. The second part studies the means concerning concret applications of planned developments land use's and financial control expreses itself in a different way in the two countries, in France, communes are obliged to take on city-planning's financial obligations but they receive neverthelessaides from state. In Korea high population density represent obstacles. At last, techniques in city-planning's operations apply to housing development and zac in France and to "remembrement" and ZDAF in Korea. So, the various elements inspired by French system could without any doubt bring solutions to korean problems
Weber, Ruth. "Der Begründungsstil von Conseil constitutionnel und Bundesverfassungsgericht : eine vergleichende Analyse der Spruchpraxis." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020096.
Full textThe style is the Court! – This thesis explores both how the French Constitutional Council and the German Federal Constitutional Court justify their decisions, and what those justifications tell us about how each Court sees itself. Can the Constitutional Council be characterized as an authoritative voice, the "bouche de la Constitution"?, and is the German Federal Constitutional Court the sophisticated embodiment of a constitutionalized state?, are the questions that underpin the dissertation.The thesis finds that the reasoning styles shape the identity of each national Court. Since the founding of the German Federal Constitutional Court, its reasoning style has helped guarantee the acceptance of its decisions, particularly as it concerns its role as the country’s foremost constitutional authority. By contrast, the reasoning style of the French Constitutional Council traditionally served to highlight its subordination to the legislative. Reforms from 2016, however, suggest that the Constitutional Council, too, is beginning to assert itself as the guardian of the constitution. One probable reason for the changes lies in how French case law is received by other national and supranational courts in Europe, with the reforms facilitating desirable European inter-jurisdictional communication. And although it is too early to tell, it could be argued that they represent a significant first step towards a European reasoning style
Arlettaz, Jordane, Attila Badó, Kitti Bakos-Kovács, Szilvia Bató, János Bóka, Laureline Congnard, Erzsébet Csatlós, et al. "Internationale Konferenz zum zehnjährigen Bestehen des Instituts für Rechtsvergleichung der Universität Szeged = Conférence internationale au 10ème anniversaire de l‘Institut de droit comparé de l‘Université de Szeged." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7203/.
Full textO'Brien, Marc-Étienne, and Marc-Étienne O'Brien. "L'adéquation des discours relatifs à la négociation de plaidoyer avec leur mise en œuvre : une analyse comparée, historique et sociologique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28339.
Full textConstatant l’actuelle internationalisation enthousiaste de la négociation de plaidoyer et craignant ses conséquences possibles sur les impératifs de justice qualitative, l’auteur propose de remettre en question l’opportunité du recours à cette pratique en étudiant l’adéquation des discours relatifs à la négociation de plaidoyer avec leur mise en oeuvre, c’est-à-dire la mesure dans laquelle les espoirs et appréhensions attachés au recours à la négociation de plaidoyer s’avèrent fondés. L’auteur adopte d’abord une approche historique dans le cadre de laquelle il étudie l’évolution des discours qui encadrent l’introduction de la négociation de plaidoyer par la pratique aux États-Unis et au Canada et par initiative législative en France. L’étude de l’opposition initiale des acteurs anglo-saxons à la négociation de plaidoyer, de leur acceptation progressive de cette pratique et de l’introduction des formes françaises de négociation de plaidoyer que sont la composition pénale et la comparution sur reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité révèlent les principaux espoirs et appréhensions attachés au recours à la négociation de plaidoyer. D’aucuns vantent ses avantages en matière d’efficience et de répression, alors que d’autres craignent qu’elle contrevienne aux principes fondamentaux de justice pénale, induise des plaidoyers de culpabilité non volontaires et produise une justice aléatoire. Empruntant une approche sociologique, l’auteur entreprend ensuite d’étudier la littérature disponible afin d’évaluer la mesure dans laquelle les modèles américain, canadien et français de négociation de plaidoyer réalisent une mise en balance équilibrée des impératifs d’efficience et de justice qualitative. Les données disponibles permettent de constater l’existence d’un grave déséquilibre aux États-Unis et d’un fragile équilibre en France, bien qu’elles s’avèrent insuffisantes pour dresser un portrait de la situation canadienne. L’auteur en conclut que l’ampleur des enjeux et la faiblesse de l’adéquation entre les discours relatifs à la négociation de plaidoyer et leur mise en oeuvre commandent non pas enthousiasme mais prudence dans le recours à cette dangereuse pratique.
Noticing the current enthusiastic internationalization of plea bargaining and fearing its possible consequences on the imperatives of qualitative justice, the author proposes to question the appropriateness of the use of this practice by examining the extent to which the discourses related to plea bargaining match with the implementation of this practice, that is, the extent to which the hopes and apprehensions attached to the use of plea bargaining are founded. The author first adopts a historical approach when studying the discourses surrounding the de facto emergence of plea bargaining in the United States and in Canada and the legislative introduction of plea bargaining in France. The study of the initial opposition of Anglo-Saxon actors to the use of plea bargaining, of their gradual acceptance of this practice and of the introduction of French forms of plea bargaining known as composition pénale and comparution sur reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité reveal the main hopes and apprehensions attached to the use of plea bargaining. Some commend its greater efficiency and repression, while others fear that it contravenes the basic principles of criminal justice, that it induces unwilling guilty pleas and that it introduces greater randomness in case disposal and punishment. Using a sociological approach, the author then proceeds to study the available literature in order to assess the extent to which the American, Canadian and French models of plea bargaining balance the imperatives of efficiency and qualitative justice. The available data show that there is a serious imbalance in the United States and a fragile balance in France, although the data is insufficient to paint a picture of the Canadian situation. The author concludes that the magnitude of the stakes and of the distance between the discourses related to plea bargaining and the implementation of the different models do not command enthusiasm but caution in the use of this dangerous practice.
Noticing the current enthusiastic internationalization of plea bargaining and fearing its possible consequences on the imperatives of qualitative justice, the author proposes to question the appropriateness of the use of this practice by examining the extent to which the discourses related to plea bargaining match with the implementation of this practice, that is, the extent to which the hopes and apprehensions attached to the use of plea bargaining are founded. The author first adopts a historical approach when studying the discourses surrounding the de facto emergence of plea bargaining in the United States and in Canada and the legislative introduction of plea bargaining in France. The study of the initial opposition of Anglo-Saxon actors to the use of plea bargaining, of their gradual acceptance of this practice and of the introduction of French forms of plea bargaining known as composition pénale and comparution sur reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité reveal the main hopes and apprehensions attached to the use of plea bargaining. Some commend its greater efficiency and repression, while others fear that it contravenes the basic principles of criminal justice, that it induces unwilling guilty pleas and that it introduces greater randomness in case disposal and punishment. Using a sociological approach, the author then proceeds to study the available literature in order to assess the extent to which the American, Canadian and French models of plea bargaining balance the imperatives of efficiency and qualitative justice. The available data show that there is a serious imbalance in the United States and a fragile balance in France, although the data is insufficient to paint a picture of the Canadian situation. The author concludes that the magnitude of the stakes and of the distance between the discourses related to plea bargaining and the implementation of the different models do not command enthusiasm but caution in the use of this dangerous practice.
Ranjatoson], Liva Caroline. "Les salaires en droit comparé." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0726.
Full textGiven that they are food providing, wages take on a vital function benefiting most workers. However, the wage is a relative notion, which cannot be, attributed a unique definition. It involves a variety of elements, which are connected to the bulk of the wage. Yet, there are numerous cases in which a precise qualification is required as regards the amounts of money the wage earner gets from his employer. Indeed, it is of a major importance to determine whether some or other element can be labelled a wage, since such a label will determine which juridical scheme is to be applied to the wage. In view of their historical background, we can say that a great part of the Malagasy regulations are modelled on the French law. The principles adopted by both legislations are similar, even though the Malagasy legislation sometimes reveals a few weak points, despite the fact that the labour law was overhauled in 2003
Schulz, Daniel. "Verfassung und nation : formen politischer institutionalisierung in Deutschland und Frankreich von der Französischen revolution bis zur europäischen integration." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHEA002.
Full textSamba, Yves. "L'apatride en droit international et en droit comparé." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10066.
Full textPatin, Marc. "Transferts d'entreprise en droit communautaire et droit comparé." Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020060.
Full textAli, Ahamada. "Le droit maritime comorien : étude de droit comparé : droit français / droit comorien." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D020/document.
Full textIn the Comoros, the maritime law is a discipline which, for a long time, remained in the blur. The internal texts whiwh were supposed to govern the maritime law to the Comoros were almost inknown and not easily findable. These texts inherited France, would deserve to be amended or replaced by new provisions taking account of realities and the international standards. To date, the country adhered to none international conventions in force governing the international maritime law. It is in cruel lack specialists in maritime law, whereas the disagreements in this field do not cease increasing. Several not-right and remote regions plane on the relative questions with the maritime law. While referring to us with the French right with the Comotian Right maintains still and always close relations, this thesis aims main aim to revisit the Comorian maritime law in order to detect the gaps and the originalities of them, with a view to be able to propose an overallreform of the Comorian maritime law
Rodriguez, Villabona Andrés Abel. "La circulation de modèles juridiques : les origines de l’État providence en Colombie pendant les années trente et l’influence du constitutionalisme français du début du XXe siècle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAD006/document.
Full textUnlike other legal phenomena, law's moving one place to another is part of a much broader analysis than that of comparative law. States are in competition in many areas: economic and fiscal policies, social protection, education systems, innovation, etc. Legal systems are also in competition. With globalization, exchanges between legal systems have proliferated, opening the way to more frequent use of comparative approach. Therefore, the circulation of law is a subject that always interested to legal thought, but it begins to be treated recently. To understand it should relate to a specific case, which given its paradigmatic character is that of reception of the law, the doctrine and the constitutional French regime during the thirties in Colombia. This review will serve as empirical support for a model explaining the phenomenon of diffusion from one state to another, of a formalized and systematized law
El, Khoury Pierre. "Les exceptions au droit d'auteur, étude de droit comparé." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10004.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to scrutinize limitations in french copyright, american fair use, canadian fair dealing, and limitations at international extent. Limitative function of these exceptions restrains the scope of copyright monopoly. Despite the discrepancy between different doctrine, the existence of these limitations is commonly declared necessary for copyright system balance. Yet, legal mutations triggered mainly by economical, political and social considerations lead to cripple the importance of copyright limitations. Restriction on their scope is exacerbated on the other hand by an overprotection of copyright 's owner. Still, limitations in each system adjust themselves in different manners. However, globalization reinforces a polarization and standardization movement so the systems risk divert from their own characteristics. Thus, search for a common rationale and acceptable rules to restore copyright balance becomes essential. Like other comparative study, this thesis' vocation is to proceed with a cognitive and critical view
Avila, Rufino Gilberto d'. "Droit et aménagement du littoral : étude de droit comparé." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0444.
Full textEl, Khoury Michèle. "La fiducie : étude de droit comparé." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020029.
Full textRasoarahona, Yves. "L'adoption en droit international privé comparé." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10013.
Full textThe "national" adoption, "institution in euphoria", from the end of the first world war until the end of the sixties, has been, in the European and the North American countries, the victim (one of the rare ones) of the evolution of morals and the so-called social laws (about contraception, abortion, assistance to single parents). However, there is a paradox: the number of the candidates adopters, in these countries, is increasing. That is why the euphoria for the "substitute»: the "international" adoption. This multiplication is also one of the consequences of the awareness, in such countries, of human distress in the "other" world, of the means of communication and transport development, of the populations mobility. If there is a "common fund" of international legislations (civil laws on adoption) in the European and North American countries, nevertheless the private international laws are diverging, as regards the solutions to bring to the multiple problems set by the international adoption. However, a kind of classicism of "common fund" in the way of meeting these different problems has been reached. Has this classicism of the different private international laws in general, and those of adoption, in particular, been influenced, and to what extent, by the wave of ideas, of "new" approaches, invented since the end of the second world war, ideas, methods, in order to solve the problems set by the international private relations. International adoption has been, and still is, the battlefield on which are confronted the national juridism (the private international law is a national law) and the basically human, "emotional" nature of adoption, and on which are confronted the classicism and the "new" ideas. These two struggles seem to be a single one
Roynier, Céline. "Le problème de la liberté dans le constitutionnalisme britannique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020090.
Full textMany are the signs revealing a certain difficulty with liberty or freedom in british constitutionalism. The relative failure of the Human Rights Act 1998 in terms of efficiency , the never-ending debate about the enactment of a british declaration of rights and the numerous sanctions taken by the ECHR against the UK, can be considered as symptoms of this problem. How, then, is it possible to explain the overwhelming role of the UK in the adoption of the ECHR in the 1950’s and this resistance of the UK towards the European Convention ? Our aim, in this work, is to provide an explanation which would be based on the study of the early modern common law tradition that is mainly (but not exclusively) the parliamentary Doctrine of the Seventeenth Century. We think that this doctrine or discourse established the english conception of liberty and considered this latter as originating in the common law. We suggest that liberty was and is thought as a permanent redefinition of the law itself (the common law) and that this idea gave birth to Public Law exactly at the same time. First of all, the above-mentioned problem of liberty – which appeared in America and France as well – arose in a particular way in England. Rather than focusing on power and its legitimacy, english state lawyers concentrated their work on the marks of a law which could be acceptable for all. This reflexion led to successive waves of politisation of the law itself but did not enable the apparition of a people which would be the source of both law and power. The first wave of politisation established that common law was the law common to all (Part 1). The second wave deepened the first one and enabled the common law to be « the law of liberty » by linking the language of the common law with the individual, through constitutional morality (Part 2)
Duboy, Maryse. "Histoire sociale comparée de Fumel, Penne, Villeneuve et Aiguillon en Agenais au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30046/document.
Full textFrom the perspective of a contribution to the history of Aquitaine, the study will seek to set a sufficiently representative spatial framework - i.e. the Valley of the Lot to Fumel at the confluence with the River Garonne. The fact to add to our research, the area of the confluence place automatically our study in the dependence of the garonnais axis, and outlet downstream that is the port city of Bordeaux, is known to the extraordinary dynamism in the 18th century. What are the strategies of our four communities facing the Centre of Bordeaux attraction that impulse to the descent as to the dates, commercial traffic largely dependent on the needs of a growing city and trade with the Islands. The constituent material of this social history is based on the quantitative treatment of inventories after deaths and marriages contracts, these more limited; a first evaluation of the corpus available for the four localities cited, and inventoried in the Archives of Lot-et-Garonne, close to five thousand documents. The comprehensive exploitation of these sources is arranged on three periods of ten or twenty years surrounding the limits of the eighteenth century and a period in the middle. Our survey data should allow the development of a social stratigraphy, significant testimony of the particular vocation of each of the localities. The comparative approach to the age-old duration will strengthen this perception by placing it in an evolutionary dynamics in the long term. We also consider a reading more in depth, closer to the individual, as we invite the current historiographical reflection around behaviors. Will social ascent and decommissioning be readable as a voluntary strategies or reproduction of a model based on and in its category of membership, widely reported by the family universe?
Davila, Valdés Claudia. "Les réfugiés espagnols de la guerre civile en France et au Mexique : histoire comparée des politiques d'asile et des processus d'intégration (1939-1975)." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070015.
Full textLaudicina, Nelly. "Droit et métissages, évolution et usages de la loi à la colonie de la Rivière Rouge, 1811-1869." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23637.
Full textMarzouk, Mounir. "La faute grave du salarié en droit comparé : droit marocain - droit français." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0730.
Full textThe first part of the thesis is devoted to the determination of the concept of fault serious, it is divided into two chapters:: the conditions of the calling into question of paid (chapter I) are articulated between the conditions of existence of the fault, the liable abuse right to be made by the employee, and the role of the circumstances in the appreciation of the known as fault. The observation of the serious fault (chapter 2) is analyzed on the one hand in comparison with the capacity of observation which the employer has who bases himself on theoretical and practical bases, then in addition in comparison of the means and the burden of proof which must make it possible to the judge to judiciously qualify the faulty act. The second part is devoted to the effects of the serious fault, which are obviously the suspension of the working relationships (chapter 1) which are doubly appreciated: by its immediate character and the sasine of the court. Then, the legal control of dismissal (chapter 2) is analyzed in comparison with the basic judge who has within this framework a sovereign capacity, nevertheless subjected to the control of the supreme court
Geiger, Christophe. "Droit d'auteur et droit du public à l'information : approche de droit comparé." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10043.
Full textPhi, Thi Thuy Linh. "La détention provisoire : étude de droit comparé : droit français et droit vietnamien." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40053/document.
Full textMost penal systems in the world have recourse to the custody of a person suspected of having committed an offence before final sentencing. Nevertheless, the intensity of this measure depends on the political regime – democratic or authoritarian- as well as the type of procedure: accusatory or inquisitorial. This deprivation of freedom before sentencing is based on the necessity to protect society from the offence which the suspect would have committed during his/her freedom. However, how can one determine this risk, this eventuality, whilst the suspect’s guilt remains to be determined by a body competent to do so? The detention of an innocent person is an irreparable wrong and a serious breach of one’s fundamental rights. Whatever the political or procedural model, the regime of pre-trial detention must strike a balance between the efficacy of the measure and the protection of fundamental rights. We will analyse the question of pre-trial detention from the Comparative Law perspective of two penal systems (French and Vietnamese ) which are seemingly contrasting at all levels: geographical, political and cultural; but which both seek measures which limit the abuse of pre-trial detention. The requirement of the likelihood of guilt before remanding the suspect in custody (as well as throughout the pre-trial detention) remains an essential rule of these systems. However, this does not solve all the problems regarding detention, notably in a context where the efficacy and the role of the entire prison system are being called into question
Saint-Pern, Laure de. "La notion de filiation en droit comparé : droit français et droit anglais." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020053/document.
Full textThe notion of “filiation” refers to the family relationship between a parent and a child, which place each on ein a family lineage and identify him from the members of his family. Because of its universality, it seemed appropriate to examine how two different legal systems, such as those of civil law and common law , understood it. Referring intuitively to a genetic link between parent and child, the notion of “filiation” could be, at first sight, reduced to a physical aspect. However, the law recognizes that it covers other realities like social and emotional ones. Thus, it reveals a more complex concept. In recent years, a tension appeared between genetic reality, which became available thanks to advances in science, and will, used to base alllegal fictions such as adoption, assisted reproduction and surrogacy. The law seeks to check and balancethese foundations with the child's welfare and public policy.The comparative study of French and English law also revealed a growing dissociation between the notion and its effects. Indeed, the effects can be assigned independently of the legal existence of the link. This dissociation has revealed a more precise one between the status, that is to say the initial link which isattached the effects, and the role, that is to say, the behavior which will receive all or part of the effects of filiation. Then, the effective exercise of this role can re-aggregate the effects of filiation. Thus, it is questioning the notion on its ability to account for changes in the family law
Milingo, Ellong Jean Joss. "Le civisme contractuel : étude de droit comparé. Droit OHADA et droit européen." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010265.
Full textThe "contract" is just because both parties wanted it. This idea has long prevailed in contract law and is still very present. With the observed economic, social, environmental and technological transformations, it is blunted in favour of a protective interventionism, the will no longer being to ensure exclusively the protection of the contractual interests. Today, voluntarism and protectionism are not enough to ensure the safety of all contractual interests. It is therefore necessary to think otherwise of a contract. According to Dean Carbonnier, «on/y the contractual citizenship (contract compliance ta public order and morality) represents an absolutely general validity requirement, the minimum social conformity required of al! contractors». The idea of citizenship, consubstantial with the notion of contract, reveals itself gradually on the matter, under national law, as in the state groupings such as the European law and OHADA. Though implicit, contractual citizenship is stated in the sources of these legal systems and its heterogeneous content is identifiable and recognizable. Moreover, the contractual citizenship authority to apply to all contracts of private law; to all contractual phases, even though it would be more evident during the execution of the contract. It binds the contracting parties and interpreters such the judge and arbitrator, and contribute" not only to help increasing their powers, but also to the security and reassurance of contractual relationship. Thus, the contractual citizenship could not be limited, as foreseen by the illustrious sire Dean Carbonnier, to an extrinsic condition of validity of the contract relating to the content. It is about a general principle of contract law, complementary to the existing principles like liberalism and contractual solidarity, and whose necessary textual dedication can be relativized. The violation of rights and obligations which conveys the contractual citizenship is sanctioned according to whether the interest in question is general or private, the idea being to maintain the contract so long as its execution remains possible, or to accelerate its disappearance when established that its maintenance likely infringe or affect the contractual persons involved
Tijani, Abdelmajid. "Le secret professionnel en droit marocain et en droit comparé." Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0013.
Full textProfessional secrecy is a concept that has known unprecedented success in most countries worldwide. It has been generalized to all professions and areas such that it has become an indispensable tool for all sectors. For this reason, the legislature has placed professional secrecy on a privileged level of the legal arsenal. Our Positive Law, drawing on the laws of democratic countries, lays down special rules applicable to the obligation of professional secrecy. Indeed, Article 446 of the Moroccan Penal Code establishes the general principle of confidentiality. It imposes on professionals a general obligation not to disclose customers’ secrets to the public. This legal obligation relates to public order; from which we cannot derogate. The implementation of the general rule of professional secrecy allows exceptions in certain cases expressly and restrictively defined by law or expressly provided by parties in their agreements. These obligations are generally drawn up for administrations, administrative and judiciary authorities, communities, government departments and agencies. Apart from these legally prescribed and limited cases which authorize disclosure of professional secrets, thereexist other instances which permit the lifting of such secrets, without, however, engaging the liability of the confidant.This could be applicable to the infraction of money laundering and to the field of new information and communication technologies, commonly called the Digital Domain. The violation of professional secrecy by an agent of the Administration entails the execution of penal sanctions and, eventually, civil penalties, without prejudice to disciplinary sanctions forviolating professional secrecy
Voinot, Denis. "La norme technique en droit comparé et en droit communautaire." Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE21043.
Full textThe existence of the technical standard in law forces the lawyuer to include in his analysis on the theoretical level as musch as on the material one. The rise of the standar to the level of "law source" or to that of "source of juridical reasoning" accounts for its significance and its scope within what may be called products safety european law. The study of comparative french or german law in that field first of all shows how community texts have included ruses that were not a prioir legal. It also demonstrates the value those should by given as far as the manufacturer's respon sability is concerned espacially.
Abu-Helo, Shadi. "Réflexion sur la notion d'exonération : étude de droit civil comparé entre le droit français et le droit jordanien." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GREND015.
Full text