Academic literature on the topic 'Hiritano Highway (Papua New Guinea)'

The Road: Uprising in West Papua, by John Martinkus. Carlton, Vic: Black Books Inc. 2020. 114 pages. 978-1-760-64242-6 The rugged mountainous highlands of New Guinea stretch from the Owen Stanley range in the east of the independent state of Papua New Guinea through the Star mountains straddling the border with Indonesian-ruled West Papua westwards through the perpetually snow-capped Puncak Jaya, at 4884m the highest peak.

This ecological survey carried out along the Highlands Highway (71 locations-bridges) between Erap Bridge in Morobe Province to Whagi Bridge, Western Highlands Province. Data and information collection involved physical site observations and informant interviews. The survey used the capture-release method for insects, invertebrates, fish, and plankton; flyover counts were used for birds and informant interviews for mammals and other animals of interest. Terrestrial ecosystem: Common fauna included invertebrates such as Eurema hecabe, Danaus plexippus, Plutella xylostella, and other types of butterflies, Anisoptera, Apis cerena, and black ants (Fomicidae). Vertebrates such as sparrows (Passeridae), willy wagtail (Rhipidura leucophrys), eagle (Hieraaetus weiskei), kingfisher (Alcedinidae), mountain cuscus (Phalanger carmelitae), tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus goodfellowi) and Princess Stephanie’s Astrapia (Astrapia. Stephaniae). Flora across the highlands province commonly appeared bamboo, casuarina oligodon (she-oak), Ficus dammaropsis, coffee, elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), cow grass (Axonopus compressus), rain tree (Samanea saman), Piper adancum and banana. In contrast, common and significant flora along plain region included casuarina, pine, leucaena, bamboo, and other anthropogenic grasses, Piper adancum, sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Northofagus grandis, and Ficus. Aquatic ecosystem: Aquatic fauna along the highlands region included carp (Cyprinidae), tilapia (Oreochromis mossambica), juvenile fish, freshwater prawns (Palaemonidae), trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and catfish (Arius spp) while aquatic fauna of coastal province comprised of invertebrates like pond skaters, water beetle and tadpoles and invertebrates such as rainbow trout and tilapia. Aquatic flora was limited to green algae at a few locations in the highlands provinces where the water was stagnant or had human impacts, but it was primarily green and brown algae in the plain area. We also found Dendrolagus goodfellowii as an endangered species, while Phalanger carmelitae, Astrapia stephaniae, and Northofagus grandis are endemic but classified as the least concern. The findings indicated modification of habitats throughout the Highlands Highway. The absence of native and endemic species was also noted in most of the locations. Only six sites revealed some primary and secondary forests and vegetation.

Social Impact Analysis is one of the most essential parts of project implementation. Disagreements and change in time, design, and budget of project implementation at the time of construction in Papua New Guinea were mostly occur due to the influence from the past and delay of compensations in the project. This research was carried out in the Highlands Highway of Papua New Guinea to classify and to assess the impact of social and cultural factors on the implementation of road project. In this study local people were participated through in-depth interview. In addition, archival review from the road authority documentation was carried out to support the findings. The analysis result show that history of land acquisition, historical claim for un-purchased land, natural disasters, maintenances, road diversions, encroachment on the road corridor, and land disputes are the main factors influence to the project implementation. To mitigate the delay of project implementation, the sponsors should assist center Government as well as local Government to develop an action plan for dealing with the problems existed at sites.