Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hippocampus (brain)

Academic literature on the topic 'Hippocampus (brain)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Hippocampus (brain)"

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Ismael, Saifudeen, Golnoush Mirzahosseini, Heba A. Ahmed, Arum Yoo, Modar Kassan, Kafait U. Malik, and Tauheed Ishrat. "Renin-Angiotensin System Alterations in the Human Alzheimer’s Disease Brain." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 84, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 1473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-215051.

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Background: Understanding Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in terms of its various pathophysiological pathways is essential to unravel the complex nature of the disease process and identify potential therapeutic targets. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in several brain diseases, including traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, and AD. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the protein expression levels of RAS components in postmortem cortical and hippocampal brain samples obtained from AD versus non-AD individuals. Methods: We analyzed RAS components in the cortex and hippocampus of postmortem human brain samples by western blotting and immunohistochemical techniques in comparison with age-matched non-demented controls. Results: The expression of AT1R increased in the hippocampus, whereas AT2R expression remained almost unchanged in the cortical and hippocampal regions of AD compared to non-AD brains. The Mas receptor was downregulated in the hippocampus. We also detected slight reductions in ACE-1 protein levels in both the cortex and hippocampus of AD brains, with minor elevations in ACE-2 in the cortex. We did not find remarkable differences in the protein levels of angiotensinogen and Ang II in either the cortex or hippocampus of AD brains, whereas we observed a considerable increase in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus. Conclusion: The current findings support the significant contribution of RAS components in AD pathogenesis, further suggesting that strategies focusing on the AT1R and AT2R pathways may lead to novel therapies for the management of AD.
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Leskinen, Sandra, Harshal Shah, Morana Vojnic, Beril Yaffe, Shonna Schneider, Randy D'Amico, and A. Gabriella Wernicke. "RADT-03. A CASE OF PARTIAL HIPPOCAMPAL-AVOIDANCE WHOLE BRAIN RADIOTHERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH METASTATIC INFILTRATION OF THE LEFT HIPPOCAMPUS." Neuro-Oncology 25, Supplement_5 (November 1, 2023): v48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad179.0192.

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Abstract In addition to surgical resection and systemic therapy, whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is a crucial modality in the treatment of cancers that have metastasized to the brain. It has been shown to improve intracranial disease control and overall survival. However, WBRT also increases the risk of radiation-associated damage to sensitive structures like the hippocampus, often resulting in neurocognitive dysfunction and decline. Hippocampal avoidance WBRT (HAWBRT) has been shown to reduce neurocognitive sequalae without worsening survival outcomes or increasing the risk of metastasis to the spared region compared to conventional WBRT. In cases where both hippocampi cannot be completely spared, the effectiveness of partial hippocampal avoidance on neurocognitive function and tumor control have been poorly described. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with triple negative invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and disease metastatic to the brain, lung, bones, adrenal glands, and liver. Brain imaging revealed multiple brain metastases, two of which were noted near the left hippocampus. The patient underwent partial HAWBRT with complete avoidance of the right hippocampus and partial avoidance of the left. At 1-year follow-up, there was no evidence of metastasis in or near the partially spared left hippocampus. The patient’s neurocognitive functional status remained consistent with the findings of prospective randomized trials in which total bilateral hippocampal sparing was performed. To our knowledge, no such case has been presented in the literature. Further studies assessing the role of partial hippocampal avoidance in WBRT are needed.
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Spivak, Yulia S., Anna A. Karan, Yulia V. Dobryakova, Tatiana M. Medvedeva, Vladimir A. Markevich, and Alexey P. Bolshakov. "Deep Brain Stimulation of the Medial Septal Area Can Modulate Gene Expression in the Hippocampus of Rats under Urethane Anesthesia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 6034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116034.

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We studied the effects of stimulation of the medial septal area on the gene expression in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Rats under urethane anesthesia were implanted with a recording electrode in the right hippocampus and stimulating electrode in the dorsal medial septum (dMS) or medial septal nucleus (MSN). After one-hour-long deep brain stimulation, we collected ipsi- and contralateral dorsal and ventral hippocampi. Quantitative PCR showed that deep brain stimulation did not cause any changes in the intact contralateral dorsal and ventral hippocampi. A comparison of ipsi- and contralateral hippocampi in the control unstimulated animals showed that electrode implantation in the ipsilateral dorsal hippocampus led to a dramatic increase in the expression of immediate early genes (c-fos, arc, egr1, npas4), neurotrophins (ngf, bdnf) and inflammatory cytokines (il1b and tnf, but not il6) not only in the area close to implantation site but also in the ventral hippocampus. Moreover, the stimulation of MSN but not dMS further increased the expression of c-fos, egr1, npas4, bdnf, and tnf in the ipsilateral ventral but not dorsal hippocampus. Our data suggest that the activation of medial septal nucleus can change the gene expression in ventral hippocampal cells after their priming by other stimuli.
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Goda, Jayant S., Debnarayan Dutta, Uday Krishna, Savita Goswami, Vikas Kothavade, Sadhna Kannan, Madan Maitre, Nazia Bano, Tejpal Gupta, and Rakesh Jalali. "Hippocampal radiotherapy dose constraints for predicting long-term neurocognitive outcomes: mature data from a prospective trial in young patients with brain tumors." Neuro-Oncology 22, no. 11 (March 30, 2020): 1677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa076.

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Abstract Background Hippocampus is considered to be the seat for neurocognitive functions. Avoidance of hippocampus during radiotherapy to brain may serve to preserve various domains of neurocognition. We aimed to derive radiotherapy dose constraints to hippocampi for preserving neurocognition in young patients with brain tumors by measuring various neurocognitive parameters. Methods Forty-eight patients with residual/progressive benign or low-grade brain tumors treated with stereotactic conformal radiotherapy (SCRT) to a dose of 54 Gy in 30 fractions underwent prospective neuropsychological assessments at baseline before SCRT and at 6 months and 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. Hippocampi were drawn as per the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group atlas. Longitudinal change in intelligence quotient scores was correlated with hippocampal doses. Results Mean volume of bilateral hippocampi was 4.35 cc (range: 2.12–8.41 cc). Craniopharyngioma was the commonest histologic subtype. A drop of >10% in mean full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) scores at 3 and 5 years post SCRT was observed in patients in whom left hippocampus received a mean dose of 30.7 Gy (P = 0.04) and 31 Gy (P = 0.04), respectively. Mean performance quotient (PQ) scores dropped > 10% at 5 years when the left hippocampus received a dose of > 32 Gy (P = 0.03). There was no significant correlation of radiotherapy doses with verbal quotient, or with doses received by the right hippocampus. Multivariate analysis revealed young age (<13 y) and left hippocampus dose predicted for clinically relevant decline in certain neurocognitive domains. Conclusions A mean dose of ≤30 Gy to the left hippocampus as a dose constraint for preserving intelligence quotient is suggested. Key Points 1. Children and young adults with benign and low-grade gliomas survive long after therapy. 2. Higher dose to the hippocampi may result in long-term neurocognitive impairment. 3. Mean dose of <30 Gy to left hippocampus could be used as a pragmatic dose constraint to prevent long-term neurocognitive decline.
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Kazda, Tomas, Adela Misove, Petr Burkon, Petr Pospisil, Ludmila Hynkova, Iveta Selingerova, Adam Dziacky, et al. "Incidence of Hippocampal Metastases: Laterality and Implications for Unilateral Hippocampal Avoiding Whole Brain Radiotherapy." BioMed Research International 2018 (December 13, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2459608.

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Introduction. Hippocampi sparing whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is an evolving approach in the treatment of patients with multiple brain metastases, pursuing mitigation of verbal memory decline as a consequence of hippocampal radiation injury. Accumulating data are showing different postradiotherapy changes in the left and right hippocampus with a theoretical proposal of only unilateral (dominant, left) hippocampal sparing during WBRT. Method. The aim of this retrospective study is to describe spatial distribution of brain metastases on MRI in a cohort of 260 patients (2595 metastases) and to evaluate distribution separately in the left and right hippocampus and in respective hippocampal avoiding zones (HAZ, region with subtherapeutic radiation dose), including evaluation of location of metastatic mass centre. Results. The median number of brain metastases was three, with lung cancer being the most common type of primary tumour; 36% had single metastasis. Almost 8% of patients had metastasis within hippocampus (1.1% of all metastases) and 18.1% of patients within HAZ (3.3% of all metastases). No statistically significant difference was observed in the laterality of hippocampal involvement, also when the location of centre of metastases was analyzed. There were more patients presenting the centre of metastasis within left (15) versus right (6) HAZ approaching the borderline of statistical significance. Conclusion. No significant difference in the laterality of BM seeding within hippocampal structures was observed. The hypothesized unilateral sparing WBRT would have theoretical advantage in about 50% reduction in the risk of subsequent recurrence within spared regions.
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Henin, Simon, Anita Shankar, Helen Borges, Adeen Flinker, Werner Doyle, Daniel Friedman, Orrin Devinsky, György Buzsáki, and Anli Liu. "Spatiotemporal dynamics between interictal epileptiform discharges and ripples during associative memory processing." Brain 144, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 1590–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab044.

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Abstract We describe the spatiotemporal course of cortical high-gamma activity, hippocampal ripple activity and interictal epileptiform discharges during an associative memory task in 15 epilepsy patients undergoing invasive EEG. Successful encoding trials manifested significantly greater high-gamma activity in hippocampus and frontal regions. Successful cued recall trials manifested sustained high-gamma activity in hippocampus compared to failed responses. Hippocampal ripple rates were greater during successful encoding and retrieval trials. Interictal epileptiform discharges during encoding were associated with 15% decreased odds of remembering in hippocampus (95% confidence interval 6–23%). Hippocampal interictal epileptiform discharges during retrieval predicted 25% decreased odds of remembering (15–33%). Odds of remembering were reduced by 25–52% if interictal epileptiform discharges occurred during the 500–2000 ms window of encoding or by 41% during retrieval. During encoding and retrieval, hippocampal interictal epileptiform discharges were followed by a transient decrease in ripple rate. We hypothesize that interictal epileptiform discharges impair associative memory in a regionally and temporally specific manner by decreasing physiological hippocampal ripples necessary for effective encoding and recall. Because dynamic memory impairment arises from pathological interictal epileptiform discharge events competing with physiological ripples, interictal epileptiform discharges represent a promising therapeutic target for memory remediation in patients with epilepsy.
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Davidson, Terry L., and Richard J. Stevenson. "Vulnerability of the Hippocampus to Insults: Links to Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 4 (February 6, 2024): 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25041991.

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The hippocampus is a critical brain substrate for learning and memory; events that harm the hippocampus can seriously impair mental and behavioral functioning. Hippocampal pathophysiologies have been identified as potential causes and effects of a remarkably diverse array of medical diseases, psychological disorders, and environmental sources of damage. It may be that the hippocampus is more vulnerable than other brain areas to insults that are related to these conditions. One purpose of this review is to assess the vulnerability of the hippocampus to the most prevalent types of insults in multiple biomedical domains (i.e., neuroactive pathogens, neurotoxins, neurological conditions, trauma, aging, neurodegenerative disease, acquired brain injury, mental health conditions, endocrine disorders, developmental disabilities, nutrition) and to evaluate whether these insults affect the hippocampus first and more prominently compared to other brain loci. A second purpose is to consider the role of hippocampal blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in either causing or worsening the harmful effects of each insult. Recent research suggests that the hippocampal BBB is more fragile compared to other brain areas and may also be more prone to the disruption of the transport mechanisms that act to maintain the internal milieu. Moreover, a compromised BBB could be a factor that is common to many different types of insults. Our analysis indicates that the hippocampus is more vulnerable to insults compared to other parts of the brain, and that developing interventions that protect the hippocampal BBB may help to prevent or ameliorate the harmful effects of many insults on memory and cognition.
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Zhang, Jia-He, Takashi Tasaki, Manabu Tsukamoto, Ke-Yong Wang, Kin-ya Kubo, and Kagaku Azuma. "Deletion of Wnt10a Is Implicated in Hippocampal Neurodegeneration in Mice." Biomedicines 10, no. 7 (June 25, 2022): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071500.

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The hippocampus plays an important role in maintaining normal cognitive function and is closely associated with the neuropathogenesis of dementia. Wnt signaling is relevant to neuronal development and maturation, synaptic formation, and plasticity. The role of Wnt10a in hippocampus-associated cognition, however, is largely unclear. Here, we examined the morphological and functional alterations in the hippocampus of Wnt10a-knockout (Wnt10a-/-) mice. Neurobehavioral tests revealed that Wnt10a-/- mice exhibited spatial memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior. Immunostaining and Western blot findings showed that the protein expressions of β-catenin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and doublecortin were significantly decreased and that the number of activated microglia increased, accompanied by amyloid-β accumulation, synaptic dysfunction, and microglia-associated neuroinflammation in the hippocampi of Wnt10a-/- mice. Our findings revealed that the deletion of Wnt10a decreased neurogenesis, impaired synaptic function, and induced hippocampal neuroinflammation, eventually leading to hippocampal neurodegeneration and memory deficit, possibly through the β-catenin signaling pathway, providing a novel insight into preventive approaches for hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment.
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Zhang, X.-D., L.-R. Zhao, J.-M. Zhou, Y.-Y. Su, J. Ke, Y. Cheng, J.-L. Li, and W. Shen. "Altered hippocampal functional connectivity in primary Sjögren syndrome: a resting-state fMRI study." Lupus 29, no. 5 (February 19, 2020): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203320908936.

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Structural and metabolic abnormalities in the hippocampus have been associated with the pathophysiological mechanism of central nervous system involvement in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). Nevertheless, how hippocampal function is altered in pSS remains unknown. The purpose of our study is to investigate the alterations in hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) in pSS by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Thirty-eight patients with pSS and 38 age- and education level-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination. Prior to each MRI examination, neuropsychological tests were performed. Left and right hippocampal FCs were analyzed by using seed-based whole-brain correlation and compared between pSS and HCs. Spearman correlation analysis was performed between the z-value of hippocampal FC in brain regions with significant difference between the two groups and neuropsychological tests/clinical data in pSS. Compared with the controls, the patients with pSS showed decreased hippocampal FC between the left hippocampus and the right inferior occipital gray (IOG)/inferior temporal gray (ITG), as well as between the right hippocampus and right IOG/middle occipital gray (MOG), left MOG, and left middle temporal gray. In addition, increased hippocampal FCs were detected between the left hippocampus and left putamen, as well as between the right hippocampus and right cerebellum posterior lobe. Moreover, the visual reproduction score positively correlated with the FC between right hippocampus and right IOG/MOG. The white matter hyperintensity score negatively correlated with the FC between left hippocampus and right IOG/ITG. In conclusion, patients with pSS suffered decreased hippocampal FC mainly sited in the occipital and temporal cortex with right hippocampal laterality. Altered hippocampal FC might be a potential biomarker in detecting brain function changes and guiding neuroprotection in pSS.
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Perosa, Valentina, Anastasia Priester, Gabriel Ziegler, Arturo Cardenas-Blanco, Laura Dobisch, Marco Spallazzi, Anne Assmann, et al. "Hippocampal vascular reserve associated with cognitive performance and hippocampal volume." Brain 143, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 622–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz383.

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Abstract Medial temporal lobe dependent cognitive functions are highly vulnerable to hypoxia in the hippocampal region, yet little is known about the relationship between the richness of hippocampal vascular supply and cognition. Hippocampal vascularization patterns have been categorized into a mixed supply from both the posterior cerebral artery and the anterior choroidal artery or a single supply by the posterior cerebral artery only. Hippocampal arteries are small and affected by pathological changes when cerebral small vessel disease is present. We hypothesized, that hippocampal vascularization patterns may be important trait markers for vascular reserve and modulate (i) cognitive performance; (ii) structural hippocampal integrity; and (iii) the effect of cerebral small vessel disease on cognition. Using high-resolution 7 T time-of-flight angiography we manually classified hippocampal vascularization patterns in older adults with and without cerebral small vessel disease in vivo. The presence of a mixed supplied hippocampus was an advantage in several cognitive domains, including verbal list learning and global cognition. A mixed supplied hippocampus also was an advantage for verbal memory performance in cerebral small vessel disease. Voxel-based morphometry showed higher anterior hippocampal grey matter volume in mixed, compared to single supply. We discuss that a mixed hippocampal supply, as opposed to a single one, may increase the reliability of hippocampal blood supply and thereby provide a hippocampal vascular reserve that protects against cognitive impairment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hippocampus (brain)"

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Khanna, Sanjay. "The hippocampus in nociception." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30685.

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Limbic structures, including the hippocampus, are thought to be involved in pain though not much is known of their neuronal responses to noxious stimuli. Experiments were therefore performed in lightly anaesthetized rats to determine the effect of noxious heat stimuli on the excitability of dorsal hippocampal field CA1 pyramidal neurones. A prolonged and substantial depression of the CA1 population spike was produced by a brief but intense noxious stimulus applied to the tail. This depression was temperature-dependent and habituated to subsequent noxious stimuli applied more than 1 hr later. In other animals, a similar depression and habituation was also obtained with noxious heat stimuli applied to the left hind paw. However, following this habituation of the hind paw, a persistent depression of the CA1 population spike was seen if the tail was exposed to a noxious heat stimulus. The persistent depression was absent when noxious heat was applied in the presence of hippocampal theta rhythm. If, however, the hippocampal electroencephalographic ( EEG ) activity was in an irregular pattern at the time noxious heat was applied, a 4-6 Hz theta rhythm was produced along with the depression of the population spike. The latency and intensity of the reflex response was combined into a reflex-reaction score. There appeared to be a relationship between the reflex-reaction score and the duration of theta rhythm induced by different intensities of noxious heat stimuli but there was no habituation to these responses. The CA1 population spike evoked either by ipsilateral or contralateral CA3 stimulation was similarly depressed following a noxious stimulus. Concomitantly, the persistent depression and habituation of the commissural CA1 population spike was also accompanied by similar changes in the corresponding dendritic field excitatory postsynaptic potential ( EPSP ). However, the amplitude of the CA1 antidromic spike was increased in the majority of cases. These findings suggest that a presynaptically mediated decrease in synaptic transmission may account for the depression of the population spike and dendritic field EPSP. There is evidence to suggest that the noxious stimulus-induced persistent depression of CA1 pyramidal cell synaptic excitability is due to a cholinergic projection from the medial septal-vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca complex ( MS-VLDBB ). Thus, atropine sulphate ( 40 mg/kg, i.p. ) prevented the persistent depression of the CA1 population spike to a noxious stimulus. It also antagonized the septal tetanus-evoked, cholinergic mediated facilitation of the CA1 commissural population spike but had no effect on the corresponding paired-pulse facilitation. Atropine, applied iontophoretically to the cell body region antagonized the iontophoretic acetylcholine-induced facilitation of the CA1 population spike but not its depression to a noxious stimulus. On the other hand, apical dendritic application of atropine antagonized iontophoretic acetylcholine and noxious stimulus-induced depression of the CA1 dendritic field EPSP. However, such iontophoretic application of atropine had no effect on dendritically applied gamma aminobutyric acid ( GABA )-induced depression of the CA1 dendritic field EPSP. These results support the notion that acetylcholine release in the dendritic region of CA1 neurones is involved in the depression of synaptic excitability of these neurones evoked by a noxious stimulus.
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of
Graduate
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Cornish, S. "Hippocampal suspension grafts in the Kainic acid lesioned hippocampus of the rat." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384375.

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Armstrong, Beth Diane. "Hippocampus: seahorse; brain-structure; spatial map; concept." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002224.

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Through an exploration of both sculptural and thought processes undertaken in making my Masters exhibition, ‘Hippocampus’, I unpack some possibilities, instabilities, and limitations inherent in representation and visual perception. This thesis explores the Hippocampus as image (seahorse) and concept (brain-structure involved in cognitive mapping of space). Looking at Gilles Deleuze’s writings on representation, I will expand on the notion of the map as being that which does not define and fix a structure or meaning, but rather is open, extendable and experimental. I explore the becoming, rather than the being, of image and concept. The emphasis here is on process, non-representation, and fluidity of meaning. This is supportive of my personal affirmation of the practice and process of art-making as research. I will refer to the graphic prints of Maurits Cornelis Escher as a means to elucidate a visual contextualization of my practical work, particularly with regard to the play with two- and three-dimensional space perception. Through precisely calculated ‘experiments’ that show up the partiality of our visual perception of space, Escher alludes to things that either cannot actually exist as spatial objects or do exist, but resist representation. Similarly I will explore how my own sculptures, although existing in space resist a fixed representation and suggest ideas of other spaces, non-spaces; an in-between space that does not pin itself down and become fixed to any particular image, idea, objector representation.
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Wais, Peter Edward. "The roles of the hippocampus in recognition memory." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3315575.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 3, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-137).
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Darling, Ryan Daniel. "HIPPOCAMPAL THETA-TRIGGERED CONDITIONING: ENHANCED RESPONSES IN HIPPOCAMPUS AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1130446123.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], v, 48 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 16-20).
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Weeden, Christy Samantha Star. "Neuroprotective Potential of Methamphetamine: Behavioral and Histological Analysis." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/weeden/WeedenC0507.pdf.

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Stroke is a leading cause of death and ischemic stroke is the most common form. The deficits that follow ischemic stroke include memory and learning impairment. There are presently no treatments that can combat the effects of ischemia after the attack has occurred. Immediately following insult, locomotor activity increases in rodent models. The goal of the current research is to determine if methamphetamine administration following ischemic attack will have neuroprotective effects and prevent changes in locomotor behavior that are observed following insult. Ischemic insult was induced in gerbils by clamping the carotid arteries for 5 mins. Subjects in the sham surgical condition underwent similar surgical procedures, but the carotids were not clamped. Then, subjects were assigned randomly to saline or methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) injection groups. Drug treatment was administered within 2 mins of surgery. Measures of distance traveled, average speed, and number of line crossings were evaluated. Differences in levels of locomotion during the first and second halves of testing were also evaluated. Finally, sections containing the hippocampal CA1 region were rated on a 4-point scale for level of damage. Results show that subjects in the ischemic and saline condition traveled significantly further than those in the sham conditions and ischemic and methamphetamine condition. The speed of ischemic subjects treated with saline was significantly higher than ischemic subjects that received methamphetamine and sham conditions. Also, subjects in the ischemic and saline treatment group crossed more lines than sham and ischemic animals treated with methamphetamine. Analysis of cresyl violet-stained brain sections of ischemic animals treated with saline were rated as having less neuronal cell bodies in the CA 1 region. Ischemic and methamphetamine treated subjects' sections were similar to sham and saline treatment sections. These results suggest that methamphetamine, when injected after transient ischemic attack, may provide neuroprotection from damage that occurs to the CA1 region and prevent the impairments in locomotor behavior.
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Gulbrandsen-MacDonald, Tine L., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The role of the hippocampus and post-learning hippocampal activity in long-term consolidation of context memory." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Neuroscience, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2635.

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Sutherland, Sparks and Lehmann (2010) proposed a new theory of memory consolidation, termed Distributed Reinstatement Theory (DRT), where the hippocampus (HPC) is needed for initial encoding but some types of memories are established in non-HPC systems through post-learning HPC activity. An evaluation of the current methodology of temporary inactivation was conducted experimentally. By permanently implanting two bilateral guide cannulae in the HPC and infusing ropivacaine cellular activity could be reduced by 97%. Rats were trained in a context-fear paradigm. Six learning episodes distributed across three days made the memory resistant to HPC inactivation while three episodes did not. Blocking post-learning HPC activity following three of six training sessions failed to reduce the rat’s memory of the fearful context. These results fail to support DRT and indicate that one or more memory systems outside the HPC can acquire context memory without HPC post-event activity.
x, 85 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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May, Patrick B. Y. "Studies on the induction of short- and long-term synaptic potentiation in the hippocampus." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26497.

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High frequency repetitive stimulation of an excitatory input in the hippocampus results in a post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) of short duration (about 3 min) that can be followed by a long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) of the same excitatory input (Schwartzkroin and Wester, 1975; Andersen et al., 1977). It has been reported that this tetanus-induced LTP cannot be elicited in a Ca²⁺-free medium and is therefore a Ca²⁺-dependent process (Dunwiddie et al., 1978; Dunwiddie and Lynch, 1979; Wigstrӧm et al., 1979). Whether the induction of LTP is directly dependent upon Ca²⁺, or whether, Ca²⁺ is required because synaptic transmission is needed to initiate certain postsynaptic process(es) (a postsynaptic depolarization, for instance) leading to LTP, is unknown. Recent studies from this laboratory showed that both short-term potentiation (STP; with a duration resembling PTP) and LTP can be associatively induced if activation of a test input co-occured with either a tetanic stimulation of separate excitatory inputs or a sufficient depolarization of the postsynaptic neurone (Sastry et al., 1985). In this study, experiments were performed to investigate (1) whether associative STP could be induced when activation of the test input preceded or followed the onset of the conditioning train and (2) whether LTP could be induced in the absence of Ca²⁺ in the extracellular medium if sufficient depolarizations of the presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic neurones were provided. All experiments were performed using the transversely sectioned hippocampal slice preparation. Test stimuli were delivered via an electrode located in the stratum radiatum while the conditioning tetani (100 Hz, 10 pulses per train) were delivered via another electrode located in the recorded from the apical dendritic area of CA₁ neurones. After the initial control stimulation period, 5 conditioning tetani were given at a frequency of 0.2 Hz. The test stimuli either preceded (-) or followed ( + ) the onset of each conditioning train by 0 to 100 ms. When the test stimulus followed the onset of each conditioning train, there was significant STP of the test EPSP up to a conditioning-test interval of +80 ms. When the test stimulus preceded the onset of each conditioning train, there was significant STP of the test EPSP up to a conditioning-test interval of -50 ms. Conditioning tetani that were given without co-activation of the test input resulted in a subsequent depression of the test EPSP. It is suggested that either the test or the conditioning input can initiate some postsynaptic process(es) which can in turn affect the activated presynaptic terminals to increase transmitter release or alter the subsynaptic dendritic properties. For studying the possibility of the induction of LTP in the absence of Ca²⁺ in the extracellular medium, population EPSPs were recorded from apical dendritic area of CA₁ neurones in response to stratum radiatum stimulation. After the control stimulation period, slices were exposed either to Ca²⁺-containing or Ca²⁺-free (with Mn²⁺ and Mg²⁺ replacing Ca²⁺) medium, with the concentration of KC1 at 10 to 80 mM. Long-term potentiation of the population EPSPs was observed following the exposure to high K⁺ in Ca²⁺-free media. Following a brief period of potentiation initially, population EPSPs often exhibited a tendency toward depression after exposure to high K⁺ in Ca²⁺-containing media. LTP induced by high K⁺ in Ca²⁺-free medium could also be observed when a fixed number of axons were being activated, indicating that a recruitment of presynaptic fibres cannot entirely account for the potentiation. LTP of the depolarizing commands were paired with activation of the stratum radiatum while the slices were exposed to Ca²⁺ -free medium (normal concentration of KC1). These results suggest that extracellular Ca²⁺, synaptic transmission and thus subsynaptic receptor activation are not necessary for the induction of LTP as long as sufficient depolarizations of the presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic neurones are provided.
Medicine, Faculty of
Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of
Graduate
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Yim, Tonia Tan-Ling, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Multiple-object memory requires the hippocampus." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/678.

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This thesis investigates the role of the hippocampus in object memory. Currently, the role of the hippocampus in object recognition is unclear, with some studies demonstrating a delay-dependent impairment after hippocampal damage, others showing no impairment. The present thesis used the novel object recognition task and its variants to investigate various types of object memory in hippocampal lesion rats. In the first study, impairments were observed in discriminating object order and associating objects with contexts, while no impairment was observed in novel object recognition. In the second study, it was found that encountering another object shortly prior to or after encountering a target object impairs the recognition of the target object. In a control procedure, encountering a novel context either shortly before or after encountering the target object did not impair object recognition. In sum, in the absence of the hippocampus, object memory becomes vulnerable to interference, rendering rats unable to discern memories of multiple objects. The present thesis concludes that the hippocampus discriminates multiple objects via pattern separation. A stimulus-response model relating the role of the hippocampus to object memory is proposed.
vii, 150 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. --
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Hochman, Daryl W. "Chloride-cotransport modulation of synchronous epileptiform discharge /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10326.

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Books on the topic "Hippocampus (brain)"

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McGinty, Jacqueline F. Opioids in the hippocampus. Edited by Friedman David P and National Institute on Drug Abuse. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1988.

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Ambroise, Gärtner, and Frantz Dener, eds. Hippocampus: Anatomy, functions, and neurobiology. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2009.

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Jon, Storm-Mathisen, Zimmer J, Ottersen O. P, and Blackstad Theodor W, eds. Understanding the brain through the hippocampus: The hippocampal region as a model for studying brain structure and function. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990.

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F, McGinty Jacqueline, Friedman David P, and National Institute on Drug Abuse., eds. Opioids in the hippocampus. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1988.

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Bennetau-Pelissero, Catherine. Isoflavones: A race after the rescue of the ageing hippocampus. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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1947-, Katō Nobumasa, and International Brain Research Organization. Congress, eds. The hippocampus: Functions and clinical relevance : proceedings of the satellite symposium of the Fourth IBRO World Congress of Neuroscience, Kyoto, Japan, 15-16 July, 1995. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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1947-, Frotscher M., ed. Neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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1942-, Haas Helmut L., Buzsáki G, and International Brain Research Organization. Congress, eds. Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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G, Buzsáki, ed. Temporal coding in the brain. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994.

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Taupin, Philippe. The hippocampus: Neurotransmission and plasticity in the nervous system. New York: Nova Biomedical Books, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hippocampus (brain)"

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Eggermont, Jos J. "Learning — The Hippocampus." In The Correlative Brain, 233–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51033-5_13.

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Alleva, Enrico, Aldo Fasolo, Hans-Peter Lipp, Lynn Nadel, and Laura Ricceri. "Hippocampus." In Behavioural Brain Research in Naturalistic and Semi-Naturalistic Settings, 353–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0091-5_19.

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Romani, Armando, Felix Schürmann, Henry Markram, and Michele Migliore. "Reconstruction of the Hippocampus." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 261–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89439-9_11.

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AbstractThe hippocampus is a widely studied brain region thought to play an important role in higher cognitive functions such as learning, memory, and navigation. The amount of data on this region increases every day and delineates a complex and fragmented picture, but an integrated understanding of hippocampal function remains elusive. Computational methods can help to move the research forward, and reconstructing a full-scale model of the hippocampus is a challenging yet feasible task that the research community should undertake.In this chapter, we present strategies for reconstructing a large-scale model of the hippocampus. Based on a previously published approach to reconstruct and simulate brain tissue, which is also explained in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-89439-9_10, we discuss the characteristics of the hippocampus in the light of its special anatomical and physiological features, data availability, and existing large-scale hippocampus models. A large-scale model of the hippocampus is a compound model of several building blocks: ion channels, morphologies, single cell models, connections, synapses. We discuss each of those building blocks separately and discuss how to merge them back and simulate the resulting network model.
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Romani, Armando, Felix Schürmann, Henry Markram, and Michele Migliore. "Reconstruction of the Hippocampus." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 261–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89439-9_11.

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AbstractThe hippocampus is a widely studied brain region thought to play an important role in higher cognitive functions such as learning, memory, and navigation. The amount of data on this region increases every day and delineates a complex and fragmented picture, but an integrated understanding of hippocampal function remains elusive. Computational methods can help to move the research forward, and reconstructing a full-scale model of the hippocampus is a challenging yet feasible task that the research community should undertake.In this chapter, we present strategies for reconstructing a large-scale model of the hippocampus. Based on a previously published approach to reconstruct and simulate brain tissue, which is also explained in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-89439-9_10, we discuss the characteristics of the hippocampus in the light of its special anatomical and physiological features, data availability, and existing large-scale hippocampus models. A large-scale model of the hippocampus is a compound model of several building blocks: ion channels, morphologies, single cell models, connections, synapses. We discuss each of those building blocks separately and discuss how to merge them back and simulate the resulting network model.
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Sato, Naoyuki. "Episodic Memory and the Hippocampus." In Computational Models of Brain and Behavior, 345–55. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119159193.ch25.

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Jarrard, Leonard E. "Is the Hippocampus Really Involved in Memory?" In Brain Plasticity, Learning, and Memory, 363–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5003-3_37.

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Andreakos, Nikolaos, Shigang Yue, and Vassilis Cutsuridis. "Recall Performance Improvement in a Bio-Inspired Model of the Mammalian Hippocampus." In Brain Informatics, 319–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59277-6_29.

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Eames, Lesley C., and David A. Oakley. "Neocortex, Hippocampus and Performance in Lashley’s Maze III." In Brain Plasticity, Learning, and Memory, 373–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5003-3_38.

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Bingman, V. P., T. J. Jones, R. Strasser, A. Gagliardo, and P. IoalÉ. "Homing Pigeons, Hippocampus and Spatial Cognition." In Behavioural Brain Research in Naturalistic and Semi-Naturalistic Settings, 207–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0091-5_10.

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Lambert, Nevin A., and Neil L. Harrison. "GABAB Receptors on Inhibitory Neurons in the Hippocampus." In Presynaptic Receptors in the Mammalian Brain, 143–60. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6825-0_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hippocampus (brain)"

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Miotto, Eliane. "BRAIN ACTIVITY AND CONNECTIVITY IN 11C-PIB PET MCI AND HEALTHY ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS AFTER COGNITIVE TRAINING." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda008.

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Background: Cognitive training (CT) can benefit mild cognitive impairment (MCI) people. However, no study has explored its effects in MCI patients with amyloid biomarkers. Objectives: to investigate brain correlates and connectivity after CT in MCI patients with 11C-PIB PET+/- and healthy controls (HC). Methods: 25 participants PIB+ (n=8), PIB- (n=8) and HC (n=9) were included. They underwent 6 sessions of CT using visual imagery to recall newspaper reports and scanned with fMRI before and after CT using a newspaper encoding paradigm. We used 3TMR, FSL, one seed in the right and in the left hippocampus for resting state. Results: Before CT, all participants showed activation in the left precentral and fusiform gyrus, bilateral occipital cortex and cerebellum (Fig 1-A). HC and PIB- individuals showed left hippocampus, inferior frontal gyrus and intraparietal cortex activation. After CT, HC showed bilateral hippocampus activation (Fig 1-B), PIB+ had a new cluster of activation in left hippocampus. HC showed increased connectivity between right hippocampus and left parietal, pre and post-central gyri (Fig 1-C). Conclusions: There were different brain beneficial effects of CT with bilateral hippocampus recruitment for HC and in the left hemisphere for PIB+. These findings may suggest specific functional compensation mechanisms related to CT in this population.
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Yang, Jichen. "MDD And Structural Change in Hippocampus and Mpfc." In 2021 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare and Disease Prevention. Clausius Scientific Press Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/behdp.2021012.

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MDD (major depressive disorder) is a serious, often chronic, and disabling mental disorder, which affects various brain areas. MDD is characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Stress model including chronic stress and early life stress could be the trigger for MDD and neurotransmitter disorder theory is the mainstream explanation of the disease. MDD would cause disfunction of the brain from different aspects. The MDD mainly affect the brain structure by neurotoxic progress, which includes multiple pathways and neurotransmitter causing the brain structural changes. Hippocampus and mPFC are the most common brain areas could be affected by the MDD, the structural changes could be found by fMRI. The review would focus on introducing mainstream models and how they affect the brain structure. At the end, this review would also involve the regular antidepressants and aspects of future study.
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Zhou, Bingqian, Kuikui Fan, and Lingjie Kong. "A biocompatible hydrogel-coated fiber-optic probe for monitoring pH dynamics in brains of freely moving mice." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.2022.w4.69.

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The pH dynamics in the brain microenvironment is related to a variety of brain diseases, so it is critical to develop pH probes with great efficiency for in vivo detection of brain. Here, we report a biocompatible hydrogel-coated fiber optic probe (HCFOP) for monitoring pH dynamics in the brains of freely-moving mice. The novel pH probe was prepared by combining hydrogel coated silica multimode fiber with pH-sensitive microspheres embedded in hydrogel fiber, and the pH calibration is based on fluorescence ratio detection. The sensor has a dynamic range of pH from 3.0 to 9.0, and a resolution of 0.0014 pH units with good reproducibility, reversibility, and time stability. We tested the capability of our proposed sensor in dynamically detecting pH in the brains of free moving mice, and the biocompatibility for long-term implantation. We implanted the fiber-optic probes into the striatum and hippocampus of mouse brains. During cerebral ischemia, we detected a decrease in pH of about 0.5 after ~15 mins. During epilepsy induced by kanic acid (KA), we found that pH in the hippocampus decreased by about 0.2 after ~80 mins, in relation to the dynamical concentrations of adenosine. This biofriendly and easy-to-manufacture HCFOP provides a unique solution for assessing small changes in the pH of the brain microenvironment, thus holds great promises in neuroscience study.
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Song, Minryung R., and Sang Wan Lee. "Meta BCI : Hippocampus-striatum network inspired architecture towards flexible BCI." In 2018 6th International Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2018.8311488.

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"UNSUPERVISED 3D SEGMENTATION OF HIPPOCAMPUS IN BRAIN MR IMAGES." In International Conference on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003145401820187.

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Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid, and Mohammad-Reza Siadat. "Knowledge-based localization of hippocampus in human brain MRI." In Medical Imaging '99, edited by Kenneth M. Hanson. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.348569.

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Lee, Sung Jin, Jingjing Sun, Michael King, Huikai Xie, and Malisa Sarntinoranont. "Viscoelastic Property Changes of Acute Rat Brain Tissue Slices as a Function of Cell Viability." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53909.

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Changes in mechanical properties within brain tissues after losses in cell viability have not been well investigated. Lack of oxygen and nutrient transport can induce hypoxic neuronal injury and increase cell membrane permeability, and cell membranes and matrix components can lose their structural and mechanical integrity. These physical changes may have an effect on mechanical properties of brain tissue [1]. In this study, the viscoelastic behavior of two anatomical regions (cerebral cortex and hippocampus) in acute rat brain tissue slices were measured as a function of cell viability using indentation combined with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Neuronal viability in brain tissue slices was determined by measuring Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining to assay neuronal death or degeneration as a function of incubation time. OCT-measured deformation depths were compared with finite element (FE) simulations to estimate the relaxation of shear modulus. Measured equilibrium shear modulus (μ∞) after 8 hrs incubation was lower than μ∞ measured after 2 hrs incubation in the cerebral cortex (μ∞, 2hrs = 225 Pa, μ∞, 8hrs = 62 Pa) and hippocampus regions (μ∞, 2hrs = 170 Pa, μ∞, 8hrs = 33 Pa). Instantaneous shear modulus (μ0) after 8 hrs incubation was also an order of magnitude lower than μ0 after 2 hrs incubation in cortex (μ0, 2hrs = 1600 Pa, μ0, 8hrs = 100 Pa) and hippocampus regions (μ0, 2hrs = 370 Pa, μ0, 8hrs = 70 Pa). The results of this study provide a timeline for measuring mechanical properties of brain tissues ex vivo and provide better understanding of changes in brain modulus after injury or cell death.
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Ren, ChuLan, Ning Wang, and Yang Zhang. "Human Brain Hippocampus Segmentation Based on Improved U-net Model." In 2021 IEEE 24th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cse53436.2021.00011.

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Esser, Daniel, John Peters, Abby M. Grillo, Sarah J. Garrow, Tyler Ball, Robert Naftel, Dario J. Englot, et al. "Robotic Curvilinear Laser Thermal Therapy Probe for Transforamenal Hippocampotomy." In The Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics: "MedTech Reimagined". The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London London, UK, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31256/hsmr2022.52.

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Epilepsy affects an estimated one out of 150 people, with 30% of patients unresponsive to existing drug- based therapies for seizure management. Hippocampal resection can be a curative procedure for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy [1], however, current rates of surgical resection are limited by perceived and real risks of undergoing neurosurgery [2]. Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) is a less invasive alternative to surgical resection, which heats brain tissue causing thermal necrosis [3]. Existing commercial LITT tools (Medtronic, Monteris) are straight probes which are inserted through the skull. Reaching deep brain targets such as the hippocampus requires traversing significant amounts of potentially eloquent brain tissue [3]. Deploying LITT using curved needles to avoid critical neural structures has been proposed and explored in simulation and computational design [4], [5], but has yet to be demonstrated experimentally. The purpose of this paper is to describe the first experimental prototype of a needle that can deliver LITT along a curved trajectory.
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Gong, Cihun-Siyong Alex, Yuan-Ting Tsai, Ji-An Chen, Hsin-Yi Lai, Wei-Che Wei, and You-Yin Chen. "Functional connectivity altering in hippocampus with closed-loop deep brain stimulation." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan (ICCE-TW). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2014.6904106.

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Reports on the topic "Hippocampus (brain)"

1

Morphett, Jane, Alexandra Whittaker, Amy Reichelt, and Mark Hutchinson. Perineuronal net structure as a non-cellular mechanism of affective state, a scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0075.

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Is the perineuronal net structure within emotional processing brain regions associated with changes in affective state? The objective of this scoping review is to bring together the literature on human and animal studies which have measured perineuronal net structure in brain regions associated with emotional processing (such as but not limited to amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex). Perineuronal nets are a specialised form of condensed extracellular matrix that enwrap and protect neurons (Suttkus et al., 2016), regulate synaptic plasticity (Celio and Blumcke, 1994) and ion homeostasis (Morawski et al., 2015). Perineuronal nets are dynamic structures that are influenced by external and internal environmental shifts – for example, increasing in intensity and number in response to stressors (Blanco and Conant, 2021) and pharmacological agents (Riga et al., 2017). This review’s objective is to generate a compilation of existing knowledge regarding the structural changes of perineuronal nets in experimental studies that manipulate affective state, including those that alter environmental stressors. The outcomes will inform future research directions by elucidating non-cellular central nervous system mechanisms that underpin positive and negative emotional states. These methods may also be targets for manipulation to manage conditions of depression or promote wellbeing. Population: human and animal Condition: affective state as determined through validated behavioural assessment methods or established biomarkers. This includes both positive and negative affective states. Context: PNN structure, measuringPNNs.
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