Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hippocampal System

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Academic literature on the topic 'Hippocampal System'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hippocampal System"

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Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage, Poornima D. E., Sohi Kang, Joong-Sun Kim, Jong-Choon Kim, Sung-Ho Kim, Hongbing Wang, Taekyun Shin, and Changjong Moon. "Transcriptome Profiling in the Hippocampi of Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (November 27, 2022): 14829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314829.

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Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), approximates the key histopathological, clinical, and immunological features of MS. Hippocampal dysfunction in MS and EAE causes varying degrees of cognitive and emotional impairments and synaptic abnormalities. However, the molecular alterations underlying hippocampal dysfunctions in MS and EAE are still under investigation. The purpose of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hippocampus of mice with EAE in order to ascertain potential genes associated with hippocampal dysfunction. Gene expression in the hippocampus was analyzed by RNA-sequencing and validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Gene expression analysis revealed 1202 DEGs; 1023 were upregulated and 179 were downregulated in the hippocampus of mice with EAE (p-value < 0.05 and fold change >1.5). Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the upregulated genes in the hippocampi of mice with EAE were associated with immune system processes, defense responses, immune responses, and regulation of immune responses, whereas the downregulated genes were related to learning or memory, behavior, and nervous system processes in the GO biological process. The expressions of hub genes from the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) analysis were validated by RT-qPCR. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis showed that the upregulated genes in the hippocampus were associated with inflammatory responses: interferon-γ responses, allograft rejection, interferon-α responses, IL6_JAK_STAT3 signaling, inflammatory responses, complement, IL2_STAT5 signaling, TNF-α signaling via NF-κB, and apoptosis, whereas the downregulated genes were related to synaptic plasticity, dendritic development, and development of dendritic spine. This study characterized the transcriptome pattern in the hippocampi of mice with EAE and signaling pathways underpinning hippocampal dysfunction. However, further investigation is needed to determine the applicability of these findings from this rodent model to patients with MS. Collectively, these results indicate directions for further research to understand the mechanisms behind hippocampal dysfunction in EAE.
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West, Greg L., Kyoko Konishi, and Veronique D. Bohbot. "Video Games and Hippocampus-Dependent Learning." Current Directions in Psychological Science 26, no. 2 (April 2017): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721416687342.

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Research examining the impact of video games on neural systems has largely focused on visual attention and motor control. Recent evidence now shows that video games can also impact the hippocampal memory system. Further, action and 3D-platform video-game genres are thought to have differential impacts on this system. In this review, we examine the specific design elements unique to either action or 3D-platform video games and break down how they could either favor or discourage use of the hippocampal memory system during gameplay. Analysis is based on well-established principles of hippocampus-dependent and non-hippocampus-dependent forms of learning from the human and rodent literature.
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Aggleton, John P., and Malcolm W. Brown. "Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic axis." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 3 (June 1999): 425–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99002034.

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By utilizing new information from both clinical and experimental (lesion, electrophysiological, and gene-activation) studies with animals, the anatomy underlying anterograde amnesia has been reformulated. The distinction between temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesia is of limited value in that a common feature of anterograde amnesia is damage to part of an “extended hippocampal system” comprising the hippocampus, the fornix, the mamillary bodies, and the anterior thalamic nuclei. This view, which can be traced back to Delay and Brion (1969), differs from other recent models in placing critical importance on the efferents from the hippocampus via the fornix to the diencephalon. These are necessary for the encoding and, hence, the effective subsequent recall of episodic memory. An additional feature of this hippocampal–anterior thalamic axis is the presence of projections back from the diencephalon to the temporal cortex and hippocampus that also support episodic memory. In contrast, this hippocampal system is not required for tests of item recognition that primarily tax familiarity judgements. Familiarity judgements reflect an independent process that depends on a distinct system involving the perirhinal cortex of the temporal lobe and the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus. In the large majority of amnesic cases both the hippocampal–anterior thalamic and the perirhinal–medial dorsal thalamic systems are compromised, leading to severe deficits in both recall and recognition.
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Cherenkova, S. E., E. V. Marchenko, A. M. Alexandrov, N. V. Arkhipova, A. A. Chukhlovin, K. I. Sebelev, and A. M. Alexandrov. "Pharmacoresistant temporal epilepsy: the relationship of epileptiform activity and structural changes in the hippocampus." Translational Medicine 7, no. 6 (December 18, 2020): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/2311-4495-2020-7-6-46-54.

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Background. Hippocampal sclerosis is one of the most common structural lesions associated with epilepsy. The standard medical care in the treatment of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis is surgery with anterior temporal lobectomy. The extent of resection depends on the involvement of hippocampal sclerosis in the epileptic system. Objective. Determine the relationship between the involvement of the hippocampus in the epileptic system (on the basis of the results of intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG)) and the presence of structural changes in it, found on the basis of MRI data. Materials and methods. The present article presents an original retrospective study of the dependence of the signs of hippocampal sclerosis according to neuroimaging data and the formation of epileptiform activity in 36 patients treated at the Polenov Neurosurgical Institute — branch of Almazov National Medical Research Centre in 2015–2018. Results. Depending on the presence of hippocampal sclerosis and epileptiform activity, patients were divided into 4 groups: 1) patients with the presence of both hippocampal sclerosis and epileptiform activity in the mesiobasal structures (n = 15); 2) patients with identified sclerosis of the hippocampus, without registration of specific activity according to the results of ECoG (n = 8); 3) patients with epileptiform activity, while MR-negative (n = 10); 4) patients without epileptiform activity and without signs of hippocampal sclerosis according to MRI (n = 3). After a statistical check of the distribution of patients, it was found that the distribution was random. Conclusion. The fact of the presence of structural changes in the hippocampus could not be a pathognomonic sign of the inclusion of the hippocampal-entorial complex in the epileptic system.
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Pereira, D., M. Freschi, R. Frittoli, A. C. Londe, T. Amaral, S. Dertkigil, A. P. Del Rio, F. Cendes, L. Rittner, and S. Appenzeller. "AB0457 HIPPOCAMPAL SUBFIELDS VOLUMES REDUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: A LONGITUDINAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) VOLUMETRIC STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1255.2–1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3815.

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Background:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem disease characterized by functional and structural abnormalities of small blood vessels, fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. In addition, volume reduction and shape abnormality of the hippocampus have been demonstrated in rheumatic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the neuroanatomy of the hippocampus is complex and is not a uniform structure, consisting of subfields with distinct morphology: cornu ammonis (CA) subfields CA1–4, dentate gyrus (DG), fimbria, and adjacent subiculum and presubiculum [1].Objectives:To investigate the hippocampal subfields volumes reduction in SSc patients using MRI.Methods:In this study we included 37 SSc patients (33 women, mean age of 53.46, SD ± 12.29; range 30 - 78) and 37 healthy controls (HC) (31 women, mean age of 48.41, SD±12.20; range 29 - 80). Cognitive evaluation was performed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), mood disorders were determined through Beck’s Depression (BDI) and Beck’s Anxiety Inventories (BAI). SSc patients were further assessed for clinical and laboratory SSc manifestations, disease activity (Valentini Activity Index), severity activity (Medsger Severity Index). MRI protocol consisted of: Sagittal T1-weighted images performed with a Philips 3.0T MRI scanner. MRI brain structure volumetric was done through volBrain [2]. After 48 months MRI acquisition were repeated in 26 SSc patients and 12 healthy volunteers. Statistics was performed according nature of the variable.Results:We observed a significant reduction in hippocampal subfields volumes in SSc patients when compared to controls: Total hippocampi (SSc: mean volume = 4.78 cm3; SD = 0.38; HC: mean volume = 5.01 cm3; SD = 0.38; p = 0.033). Reduction in volume of the total hippocampi was associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon (p = 0.006). A longitudinal study showed a reduction in volume of the hippocampus subfields volumes when compared to patient’s baseline: Total hippocampi (mean initial volume = 4.78 cm3; mean follow-up volume = 4.50 cm3, p = 0.027); Total CA1 (mean initial volume = 1.59 cm3; mean follow-up volume = 1.58 cm3, p < 0.0001); Reduction in volume of the total hippocampi was associated with presence of current use of prednisone (p = 0.008). Reduction in left CA1 left associated with current use of prednisone (p = 0.014). Reduction in total subiculum was associated with presence of calcinosis (p = 0.023). No significant changes were observed in hippocampal subfields volumes in controls over the follow-up period.Conclusion:This study provides evidence of hippocampus subfields volumes reductions in SSc patients when compared to controls and was associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon, current use of losartan and correlated with BAI scores. Also, a longitudinal study showed a reduction in volume of the hippocampus subfields volumes when compared to patient’s baseline associated with calcinosis and current use of prednisone.References:[1]Eichenbaum, Howard. “A cortical–hippocampal system for declarative memory.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 1.1 (2000): 41-50.[2]Manjon JV, Coupe P (2016) volBrain: an online MRI brain volumetry system. Front Neuroinform 10:30.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Carboni, Tatiana. "HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS IN DEPRESSIVE DISORDER." Psych-Talk 1, no. 101 (January 2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpstalk.2022.1.101.33.

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RECENT RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT A LOSS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN SPECIFIC AREAS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, ESPECIALLY THE HIPPOCAMPUS, CAN PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION (MASI, 2011). GIVEN THE EVIDENCE FOR HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME CHANGES IN DEPRESSIVE PATIENTS AND ATROPHY OF HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS UNDER STRESS, NEUROGENESIS (THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW NEURONS IN THE ADULT BRAIN’S DENTATE GYRUS) HAS RECEIVED A LOT OF INTEREST AS A POSSIBLE MEDIATOR OF STRESS EFFECTS ON THE HIPPOCAMPUS (ANACKER, 2014).
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Zhang, X.-D., L.-R. Zhao, J.-M. Zhou, Y.-Y. Su, J. Ke, Y. Cheng, J.-L. Li, and W. Shen. "Altered hippocampal functional connectivity in primary Sjögren syndrome: a resting-state fMRI study." Lupus 29, no. 5 (February 19, 2020): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203320908936.

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Structural and metabolic abnormalities in the hippocampus have been associated with the pathophysiological mechanism of central nervous system involvement in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). Nevertheless, how hippocampal function is altered in pSS remains unknown. The purpose of our study is to investigate the alterations in hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) in pSS by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Thirty-eight patients with pSS and 38 age- and education level-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination. Prior to each MRI examination, neuropsychological tests were performed. Left and right hippocampal FCs were analyzed by using seed-based whole-brain correlation and compared between pSS and HCs. Spearman correlation analysis was performed between the z-value of hippocampal FC in brain regions with significant difference between the two groups and neuropsychological tests/clinical data in pSS. Compared with the controls, the patients with pSS showed decreased hippocampal FC between the left hippocampus and the right inferior occipital gray (IOG)/inferior temporal gray (ITG), as well as between the right hippocampus and right IOG/middle occipital gray (MOG), left MOG, and left middle temporal gray. In addition, increased hippocampal FCs were detected between the left hippocampus and left putamen, as well as between the right hippocampus and right cerebellum posterior lobe. Moreover, the visual reproduction score positively correlated with the FC between right hippocampus and right IOG/MOG. The white matter hyperintensity score negatively correlated with the FC between left hippocampus and right IOG/ITG. In conclusion, patients with pSS suffered decreased hippocampal FC mainly sited in the occipital and temporal cortex with right hippocampal laterality. Altered hippocampal FC might be a potential biomarker in detecting brain function changes and guiding neuroprotection in pSS.
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Halász, Péter. "The relationship of medial temporal lobe epilepsy with the declarative memory system." Journal of Epileptology 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joepi-2016-0011.

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SummaryIntroduction.Medial temporal lobe of epilepsy (MTLE) is considered as local/regional epilepsy. However, as was discussed in Part I of this review (Halász, 2016a) there is more evidence regarding the involvement of both temporal lobes so as to consider MTLE as one of the typical bilateral system epilepsies.Aim.To provide contemporary review of MTLE in relation to the declarative memory system and the newly recognized hippocampo-frontal memory consolidation during slow wave sleep.Methods.A review of the available literature on experimental and clinical data and also the authors own studies in MTLE patients.Review, discussion and results.New experimental and clinical neurophysiological data have shown that MTLE is closely linked to the hippocampal memory system. It is likely that hippocampal spiking is the epileptic variations of the normal sharp wave ripple events mediating the encoding and consolidation of memory engrams by a hippocampo-frontal dialogue during slow wave sleep.Conclusions.The source of memory impairment in MTLE patients is not merely the cell loss and synaptic transformation of the hippocampal structure, but the every night interference with memory consolidation due to interictal spiking.
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Tanaka, Nobuhiro, Masami Fujii, Hirochika Imoto, Joji Uchiyama, Kimihiko Nakano, Sadahiro Nomura, Hirosuke Fujisawa, Ichiro Kunitsugu, Takashi Saito, and Michiyasu Suzuki. "Effective suppression of hippocampal seizures in rats by direct hippocampal cooling with a Peltier chip." Journal of Neurosurgery 108, no. 4 (April 2008): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/108/4/0791.

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Object The use of focal brain cooling to eliminate epileptic discharges (EDs) has attracted increasing attention in the scientific community. In this study, the inhibitory effect of selective hippocampal cooling on experimental hippocampal seizures was investigated using a newly devised cooling system with a thermoelectric (Peltier) chip. Methods A copper needle coated with silicone and attached to the Peltier chip was used for the cooling device. The experiments were performed first in a phantom model with thermography and second in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats in a state of halothane anesthesia. The cooling needle, a thermocouple, and a needle electrode for electroencephalography recording were inserted into the right hippocampus. Kainic acid (KA) was injected into the right hippocampus to provoke the EDs. The animals were divided into hippocampal cooling (10 rats) and noncooling (control, 10 rats) groups. Results In the phantom study, the cooling effects (9°C) occurred in the spherical areas around the needle tip. In the rats the temperature of the cooled hippocampus decreased below 20°C within a 1.6-mm radius and below 25°C within a 2.4-mm radius from the cooling center. The temperature at the needle tip decreased below 20°C within 1 minute and was maintained at the same level until the end of the cooling process. The amplitude of the EDs was suppressed to 68.1 ± 4.8% of the precooling value and remained low thereafter. No histological damage due to cooling was observed in the rat hippocampus. Conclusions Selective hippocampal cooling effectively suppresses the KA-induced hippocampal EDs. Direct hippocampal cooling with a permanently implantable system is potentially useful as a minimally invasive therapy for temporal lobe epilepsy and therefore could be an alternative to the temporal lobectomy.
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Sugiyama, Atsuhiko, Hajime Yokota, Shigeki Hirano, Jiaqi Wang, Shoichi Ito, and Satoshi Kuwabara. "Association between Cognitive Impairment and Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Multiple System Atrophy." Parkinson's Disease 2023 (March 6, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8888255.

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This study aimed to explore morphological changes of hippocampal subfields in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) with and without cognitive impairment using FreeSurfer-automated segmentation of hippocampal subfield techniques and their relationship with cognitive function. We enrolled 75 patients with MSA classified as cognitively impaired MSA (MSA-CI, n = 40) and cognitively preserved MSA (MSA-CP, n = 35), as well as 68 healthy controls. All participants underwent three-dimensional volume T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The hippocampal subfield volume was measured using FreeSurfer version 7.2 and compared among groups. Regression analyses were performed between the hippocampal subfield volumes and cognitive variables. Compared with healthy controls, the volume of the right cornu ammonis (CA) 2/3 was significantly lower in the MSA-CI group ( P = 0.029 ) and that of the left fimbria was significantly higher in the MSA-CP group ( P = 0.046 ). Results of linear regression analysis showed that the right CA2/3 volume was significantly correlated with the Frontal Assessment Battery score in patients with MSA (adjusted R2 = 0.282, β = 0.227, and P = 0.041 ). The hippocampal subfield volume decreased in patients with MSA-CI, even at the early disease stages. Specific structural changes in the hippocampus might be associated with cognitive deficits in MSA.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hippocampal System"

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Li, Daqing. "Entorhino-hippocampal projections in organotypic cultures." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315340.

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Sandin, Johan. "The hippocampal opioid system : role in spatial learning /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4332-x/.

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Overington, D. W. "Resolution of spatial ambiguity by the hippocampal place system." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1557213/.

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External space is coded in the brain by a network of spatially modulated neurons (including place, grid, border and head direction cells), known as the ‘cognitive map’.This internal map allows flexible and efficient navigation through the external world. These neurons use both self-motion and visual landmark information to update their spatial activity and form an accurate representation of space. Sometimes, the spatial meaning of a landmark can be ambiguous, e.g. when it can be approached from different directions (for example, a tree on the border between two fields). In such cases context information, such as odour, colour or texture, can provide clues to separate one environment from another. Recent work has shown that head direction (HD) cells in the retrosplenial cortex can use these non-metric cues to resolve visually symmetrical spaces with directional landmark ambiguity. In this study, we asked whether animals can also use these nonmetric cues to guide their behaviour, in this case in order to solve spatial tasks across multi-compartment space. Here we show that, behaviourally, rodents can correctly encode relative object positions in visually ambiguous space, and can resolve the directional ambiguity of two visually symmetrical spaces based only on odour information. Electrophysiological recordings of hippocampal place and anterior thalamus HD cells confirmed that both cell types can use odour-context information to discriminate these spaces; therefore, we tested potential involvement of the HD system by temporarily inactivating the anterior thalamus with an awake muscimol infusion. In the behavioural task, HD-disrupted animals show impairment in task performance compared to sham but retain response to novelty. Overall, these results indicate that rodents can use odour-context information to resolve directional ambiguity in otherwise identical multi-compartment environments, and suggest an involvement of the HD system in this process.
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Krebs, Desiree L. "Glucose modulation of the septo-hippocampal system implications for memory /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09272006-142645/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Marise B. Parent, committee chair; Timothy J. Bartness, Kim L. Huhman, Kyle J. Frantz, committee members. Electronic text (352 p. : ill.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 12, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 307-352).
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Krebs-Kraft, Desiree Lynne. "Glucose Modulation of the Septo-Hippocampal System: Implications for Memory." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/22.

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Extensive evidence suggests that glucose has both positive and negative effects on memory and these effects likely involve an influence on the brain. For instance, direct infusions of glucose into the septum (MS) or hippocampus can enhance or impair memory. The present set of experiments attempted to determine the different conditions that dissociate the memory-enhancing and -impairing effects of glucose in rats. Specifically, these experiments examined the effects of glucose in spontaneous alternation, a measure of spatial working memory and shock avoidance, an index of emontional long-term memory. The results showed that the memory-impairing effects of MS infusions of glucose are not concentration-dependent. These data also indicated that the memory-impairing effects of MS glucose elevations are specific to gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA receptor activation but do not depend on increases in MS GABA synthesis or release. Importantly, we showed that the memory-impairing interaction between MS glucose and GABA agonists does not generalize to the hippocampus, suggesting the memory-modulating effects of glucose are brain region-dependent. We showed further that these brain region-dependent effects of glucose are not due to difference in basal extracellular glucose levels. Moreover, these findings showed that the memory-enhancing effects of hippocampus glucose override the memory-impairing interaction between MS glucose and GABA. These findings are important because they are the first to show that the memory-modulating effects of glucose are both neurotransmitter- and brain region-dependent. Furthermore, these findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting that the memory-impairing effects of MS glucose may involve compromised hippocampal function. These data also suggest the memory-impairing effects of MS co-infusions of glucose with GABA agonists likely involve an influence on the GABAergic SH projection. Finally, these findings demonstrate the mnemonic and neurochemical consequences of glucose in the MS and hippocampus, two brain regions affected by normal aging, Alzheimer’s disease, and diabetes.
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Christiansen, Kathleen Yolande. "An integrated analysis of the extended hippocampal system across species." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100977/.

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The objective of this thesis was to investigate functional differences within the extended hippocampal system by 1. analysing its connectional topography and 2. looking at evidence for differential functions within its component structures. The main areas under examination were A. the subiculum and B. its diencephalic targets, along with C. the fornix, the principle white matter tract connecting these structures. Retrograde tracer experiments in rodents and primates revealed consistent topographies in the subiculum projections to these diencephalic target sites, with distinctions occurring primarily along the proximal-distal and laminar subicular axes in rodents and primarily along the anterior-posterior and laminar subicular axes in primates. Based on different input patterns to the proximal subiculum (principally from sites processing object information) and distal subiculum (principally from sites processing spatial/context information) it was predicted that this proximal-distal axis would show functional activation differences in rodents for matched object:spatial tasks. Immediate early gene imaging (using zif268 expression) did not, however, reveal clear-cut gradient differences, although there were indications of the expected bias to object memory in the proximal subiculum. Diffusion MRI was used to study the fornix by separating its precommissural and postcommissural connections in a healthy older and cognitively impaired human population. Reliable topographic differences were found for the precommissural and postcommissural fornix in each group but cognitive function proved difficult to differentiate between the tracts for the tasks used. Lastly, fornix reconstructions were also found to be separable according to their links with either the anterior or posterior hippocampus in a healthy population. These distinctions provide another way of studying the fornix in terms of relating different functional properties with different sets of hippocampal connections. It is assumed that different populations of fornical fibres should underlie different aspects of memory/cognitive tasks involving the fornix, making their segregation informative in future studies researching this tract. Detailing the nature of the connections within the extended hippocampal system, this thesis lays the groundwork for future studies investigating the relative roles of its component structures in cognitive function.
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Crawford, Freya. "Ultrastructure-function properties of recycling synaptic vesicles in acute hippocampal slices." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/57953/.

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Synaptic vesicles are the substrate of neurotransmission in most nerve terminals in the central nervous system. These small membrane spheres fuse with the synaptic membrane in an activity-dependent manner and release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. Subsequently, vesicles are reclaimed through endocytosis prior to reuse. This recycling process is key to supporting ongoing signalling in the brain. While substantial effort has gone into defining basic characteristics of vesicle recycling, for example elucidating the timing of vesicle turnover, key questions remain unanswered. An important area with significant knowledge deficits relates to the relationship between vesicle function and ultrastructural organisation in the terminal. The aim of this thesis is to address this issue, exploiting new methodologies which provide novel insights into function-structure relationships of vesicle populations in acute brain slices. Specifically, this study considers organisational principles of three defined vesicle pools as well as examining the impact of an established plasticity protocol on pool properties. The first results chapter, Chapter 3, outlines and validates the novel protocol used for fluorescently labelling functional recycling vesicle populations in acute rat brain slices using the vesicle-labelling dye FM1-43 and new antibody based probes (syt1-Oyster, CypHer5E). Reporter-labelling and release properties are compared to similar approaches using cultured neurons. We conclude that this approach provides a more physiologically relevant method to study the functional properties of cells than used previously in cultured neurons. Chapter 4 outlines experiments utilising the capability of FM 1-43 to be photoconverted to an electron-dense form to allow a defined vesicle population, the readily releasable pool (RRP), to be characterised ultrastructurally. The RRP is arguably the most significant pool class, released first in response to an activity train. Functional assays and time-stamped electron microscopy are used to define basic properties of this pool, including its size, functional release kinetics, and temporal organisation. Specifically, the results demonstrate that retrieved vesicles are close to the active zone after stimulation, but mixed randomly in the terminal volume over 20 min. These findings address fundamental questions about vesicle reuse, the composition of future vesicle pools, and thus the mechanism of ongoing signalling in the brain. The same approach was used in Chapter 5 to examine the influence of Long Term Depression (LTD) on pool function and ultrastructure. LTD was induced in presynaptic terminals in CA1 via Schaffer collateral activation, and the following effects were observed: 1) a change in release kinetics; 2) a reduction in the total recycling pool size; and 3) no change in the composition of the docked pool. These findings demonstrate that there is a presynaptic component to LTD and that vesicle recruitment into the recycling pool appears to be an important possible substrate. However, the results suggest that such changes appear to be selective for specific pool subsets. Overall, work in this chapter offers new insights into fundamental principles supporting synaptic plasticity. Chapter 6 expands on previous studies which have demonstrated that recycling vesicles are constitutively shared between neighbours. This sharing of a ‘superpool' of vesicles has implications for the ability of synapses to adapt to changes in input weighting. In this chapter, the methods outlined above, as well as a new 3D EM technology, are used to define the size, positional organisation, and clustering properties of this pool in native hippocampal slice system. The findings in this chapter reveal that extrasynaptic vesicles appear to show a greater degree of motility than vesicles which remain in the intrasynaptic cluster, perhaps implying differential interactions with structural proteins in the synapse. Characterising the superpool is increasingly relevant, as it is now implicated in models of plasticity and disease. Taken together, these results show that the ultrastructural arrangement of recycling vesicles is highly activity-dependent, and that the cytoarchitecture plays a large role in determining the functionality of individual vesicles and synapses.
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Devan, Bryan David. "Functional organization of the dorsal striatum : comparison to the hippocampal system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ44408.pdf.

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Káli, Szabolcs 1972. "From space to episodes : modeling memory formation in the hippocampal-neocortical system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8186.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-196).
This thesis describes the use of mathematical, statistical, and computational methods to analyze, in two paradigmatic areas, what the hippocampus and associated structures do, and how they do it. The first model explores the formation of place fields in the hippocampus. This model is constrained by hippocampal anatomy and physiology and data on the effects of environmental manipulations on the place cell representation. It is based on an attractor network model of area CA3 in which recurrent interactions create place cell representations from location- and direction-specific activity in the entorhinal cortex, all under neuromodulatory influence. In unfamiliar environments, mossy fiber inputs impose activity patterns on CA3, and recurrent collaterals and perforant path inputs are subject to graded Hebbian plasticity. Attractors are thus sculpted in CA3, and are associated with entorhinal activity patterns. In familiar environments, place fields are controlled by the way that perforant path inputs select amongst the attractors. Depending on training experience, the model generates place fields that are either directional or non-directional, and whose changes when the environment undergoes simple geometric transformations are in accordance with experimental data. Representations of multiple environments can be stored and recalled with little interference, and have the appropriate degrees of similarity in visually similar environments.
(cont.) The second model provides a serious test of the consolidation theory of hippocampal-cortical interactions. The neocortical component of the model is a hierarchical network structure, whose primary goal is to extract statistical structure from its set of inputs through unsupervised learning. This interacts with a hippocampal component, which is capable of fast learning, cue-based recall, and off-line replay of stored patterns. The model demonstrates the feasibility of hippocampally-dependent memory consolidation in a more general and realistic setting than earlier models. It reproduces basic characteristics of retrograde amnesia, together with some related phenomena such as repetition priming. The model clarifies the relationship between memory for general (semantic) and specific (episodic) information, suggesting that part of their underlying substrate may be shared. The model highlights some problematic aspects of consolidation theory, which need to be addressed by further experimental and theoretical studies.
by Szabolcs Káli.
Ph.D.
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Patel, Kaushal S. "Post-TBI Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Different TBI Models." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4134.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to short-term and long-term consequences that can cause many different life-long disorders. Studies of TBI have generally focused on the acute stage; however, it is now becoming important to investigate chronic responses following TBI as clinical reports of dementia and cognitive impairments have been linked to a history of TBI. Recent data have established that cognitive function is associated with hippocampal neurogenesis. Chronic injury induced changes in the brain may affect this endogenous process. Chronic responses following TBI include cell death pathways and inflammatory responses that are persistent in the brain for months to years after injury. In this study we investigate the chronic consequences of TBI on adult neurogenesis and the possible involvement of chronic-inflammation in regulating adult neurogenesis. We used two popular TBI animal models, Control Cortical Impact (CCI) and Lateral Fluid Percussion Injury (LFPI) models, to examine focal and diffuse injury responses respectively. Adult rats received CCI, LFPI, or sham injury and were sacrificed at either 15 days or 3 months after injury to examine either subacute or chronic TBI-induced responses respectively. We found no change in levels of proliferation activity at both time points in both TBI models compared to sham animals. Using Doublecortin immunolabeling we found an enhanced generation of new neurons at 15 days after injury and by 3 months this activity was significantly reduced in both TBI models compared to sham animals. We also found persistent inflammation in the injured brains at both time points. Morphological assessment showed that LFPI model of TBI causes shrinkage of the ipsilateral hippocampus. Our results show that moderate TBI induced hippocampal neurogenesis in both models at the early time post-injury. However, at chronic stage, reduced hippocampal neurogenesis is observed in both models and this is accompanied by chronic inflammation. These results suggest that persistent inflammatory responses maybe detrimental to normal neurogenic activity, leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in long-term TBI survivors.
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Books on the topic "Hippocampal System"

1

Howard, Eichenbaum, ed. Memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal system. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1993.

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Gray, Jeffrey Alan. The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

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Gray, Jeffrey Alan. The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Yi, Chae-wŏn. Sinʼgyŏng toksŏng mulchil ŭi toksŏng chagyong yŏnghyang yŏnʼgu =: Effects of organic solvent in neural stem cell and hippocampal neuron. [Seoul]: Sikpʻum Ŭiyakpʻum Anjŏnchʻŏng, 2007.

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Hannula, Deborah E., and Melissa C. Duff, eds. The Hippocampus from Cells to Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50406-3.

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Taupin, Philippe. The hippocampus: Neurotransmission and plasticity in the nervous system. New York: Nova Biomedical Books, 2007.

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1951-, Miles Richard, ed. Neuronal networks of the hippocampus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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Milford, Michael John. Robot navigation from nature: Simultaneous localisation, mapping, and path planning based on hippocampal models. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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1935-, Okada Yashuiro, Nihon Shinkei Kagaku Kyōkai, Burein Saiensu Shinkō Zaidan (Japan), and Nihon Shinkei Kagaku Kyōkai. Meeting, eds. The role of adenosine in the nervous system: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adenosine in the Nervous System, July 13-16, 1996, Kobe, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997.

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Staff, CIBA Foundation Symposium. Functions of the Septo-Hippocampal System. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hippocampal System"

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Pribram, Karl H. "The Hippocampal System and Recombinant Processing." In The Hippocampus, 329–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8024-9_11.

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Fair, C. M. "The Hippocampal System and LTM." In Cortical Memory Functions, 31–44. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2207-9_4.

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Bardakjian, Berj L., W. Neil Wright, Taufik A. Valiante, and Peter L. Carlen. "Nonlinear System Identification of Hippocampal Neurons." In Advanced Methods of Physiological System Modeling, 179–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9024-5_9.

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Tamminga, C. A., K. Lyons, S. K. Kuo, and G. K. Thaker. "Hippocampal metabolic function in schizophrenia." In Plasticity and Morphology of the Central Nervous System, 43–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0851-2_5.

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Vinogradova, O. S., and E. S. Brazhnik. "Neuronal Aspects of Septo-Hippocampal Relations." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 58 - Functions of the Septo-Hippocampal System, 145–77. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720394.ch8.

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Swanson, L. W. "The Anatomical Organization of Septo-Hippocampal Projections." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 58 - Functions of the Septo-Hippocampal System, 25–48. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720394.ch4.

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Peng, Jianxin, Suogui Dang, Rui Yan, and Huajin Tang. "A Novel Mathematic Entorhinal-Hippocampal System Building Cognitive Map." In Neural Information Processing, 3–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63833-7_1.

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Su, Lijuan, Min Yao, Nenggan Zheng, and Zhaohui Wu. "Correlation Between Extreme Learning Machine and Entorhinal Hippocampal System." In Proceedings in Adaptation, Learning and Optimization, 307–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28373-9_26.

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Chamaa, Farah, Batoul Darwish, Nayef E. Saadé, and Wassim Abou-Kheir. "Assessment of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Implication for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neurological Disorders." In The Brain Reward System, 77–92. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1146-3_4.

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Berger, Theodore W., T. Patrick Harty, Choi Choi, Xiaping Xie, German Barrionuevo, and Robert J. Sclabassi. "Experimental Basis for an Input/Output Model of the Hippocampal Formation." In Advanced Methods of Physiological System Modeling, 29–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9024-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hippocampal System"

1

Kazer, J. F. "The septo-hippocampal system and anxiety: a robot simulation." In 9th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks: ICANN '99. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19991140.

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COWARD, L. ANDREW. "THE HIPPOCAMPAL SYSTEM AS THE MANAGER OF NEOCORTICAL DECLARATIVE MEMORY RESOURCES." In Proceedings of the 11th Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812834232_0006.

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Zeng, Yifeng, and Xiao Yao. "A Fine-Grained Recognition Model Based On Hippocampal Neural Circuit." In 2022 4th International Conference on Communications, Information System and Computer Engineering (CISCE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisce55963.2022.9851109.

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Gong, Xin-Wei, Fan Yang, Jian-Sheng Liu, Qin-Chi Lu, Hai-Qing Gong, Pei-Ji Liang, and Pu-Ming Zhang. "Study of Epileptiform Discharges in Hippocampal Slices Using Multi-Channel Recording System." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5516673.

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Kim, Do-Hyoung, Se-Ra Yang, Yoon-Sang Ji, In-Ho Song, Sun I. Kim, Ji-Ho Park, and In-Young Kim. "Effects of nerve growth factor on the organotypic hippocampal slice culture using MEA system." In 2009 4th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner.2009.5109265.

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Difato, F., H. Tsushima, M. Pesce, A. Guiggiani, F. Benfenati, A. Blau, M. Basso, M. Vassalli, and E. Chieregatti. "Axonal regeneration of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons studied by an optical nano-surgery system." In SPIE BiOS. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.908345.

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Hyun, Jeong-Hwan, and Dae-Seong Kang. "A System on Hand Gestures Recognition Interface Using Hippocampal Neural Networks of Brain Model Based on Kinect Data." In Future Generation Communication and Networking 2016. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2016.139.31.

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Pitti, Alexandre, and Yasuo Kuniyoshi. "Modeling the cholinergic innervation in the infant cortico-hippocampal system and its contribution to early memory development and attention." In 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2011 - San Jose). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2011.6033389.

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Ackermann, Etienne, Caleb Kemere, Kourosh Maboudi, and Kamran Diba. "Latent variable models for hippocampal sequence analysis." In 2017 51st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2017.8335439.

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Wu, Michael, Ketaki Joshi, Andrew Sheinberg, Guilherme Cox, Anurag Khandelwal, Raghavendra Pradyumna Pothukuchi, and Abhishek Bhattacharjee. "Prefetching Using Principles of Hippocampal-Neocortical Interaction." In HOTOS '23: 19th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3593856.3595901.

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Reports on the topic "Hippocampal System"

1

Koch, Christof. Dynamic Biophysical Theory for the Role of Hippocampal Neural Networks in the Declarative Memory System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada279961.

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Berger, Theodore W. A Systems Theoretic Investigation of Neuronal Network Properties of the Hippocampal Formation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250246.

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Morphett, Jane, Alexandra Whittaker, Amy Reichelt, and Mark Hutchinson. Perineuronal net structure as a non-cellular mechanism of affective state, a scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0075.

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Is the perineuronal net structure within emotional processing brain regions associated with changes in affective state? The objective of this scoping review is to bring together the literature on human and animal studies which have measured perineuronal net structure in brain regions associated with emotional processing (such as but not limited to amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex). Perineuronal nets are a specialised form of condensed extracellular matrix that enwrap and protect neurons (Suttkus et al., 2016), regulate synaptic plasticity (Celio and Blumcke, 1994) and ion homeostasis (Morawski et al., 2015). Perineuronal nets are dynamic structures that are influenced by external and internal environmental shifts – for example, increasing in intensity and number in response to stressors (Blanco and Conant, 2021) and pharmacological agents (Riga et al., 2017). This review’s objective is to generate a compilation of existing knowledge regarding the structural changes of perineuronal nets in experimental studies that manipulate affective state, including those that alter environmental stressors. The outcomes will inform future research directions by elucidating non-cellular central nervous system mechanisms that underpin positive and negative emotional states. These methods may also be targets for manipulation to manage conditions of depression or promote wellbeing. Population: human and animal Condition: affective state as determined through validated behavioural assessment methods or established biomarkers. This includes both positive and negative affective states. Context: PNN structure, measuringPNNs.
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