Academic literature on the topic 'Hip structure analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hip structure analysis"
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Ha, Yong-Chan, Jun-Il Yoo, Jeongkyun Yoo, and Ki Soo Park. "Effects of Hip Structure Analysis Variables on Hip Fracture: A Propensity Score Matching Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101507.
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The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the hip structural analysis (HSA) levels of patients with those of a hip fracture group. All patients with an initial hip fracture who were older than or equal to 65 years old and admitted to our hospital between March 2018 and January 2019 were eligible for this study. During the study period, 134 hip fracture patients aged 65 years and older were admitted to the study institution, and a total of 51 hip fracture patients were ultimately assigned to the patient group. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), and vitamin D were matched in the two groups (hip fracture (HF) group vs. non-hip fracture group) using propensity score matching (PSM) without any statistical differences. Following propensity score matching, 51 patients in the HF group and 51 patients in the non-HF group were included in the study, respectively. Hip axis length (p = 0.031), neck-shaft angle (p = 0.043), width of intertrochanter (p = 0.005), and femur shaft (p = 0.01) were found to be significantly higher in the HF group (107.31 (mean) ± 9.55 (standard deviation, SD), 131.11 ± 5.29, 5.57 ± 0.58, and 3.05 ± 0.23, respectively) than in the non-HF group (102.07 ± 14.15, 128.85 ± 5.81, 5.29 ± 0.38, and 2.92 ± 0.23, respectively). However, cross-sectional area (CSA) of femur neck (p = 0.005) and femur shaft (p = 0.01) as well as cortical thickness (CT) of femur neck (p = 0.031) and femur shaft (p = 0.031) were found to be significantly lower in the HF group (1.93 ± 0.44, 3.18 ± 0.83, 0.11 ± 0.02, and 0.38 ± 0.09, respectively) than in the non-HF group (2.12 ± 0.46, 3.57 ± 0.78, 0.13 ± 0.03, and 0.47 ± 0.11, respectively). The HSA showed excellent sensitivity (82.4% to 90.2%). HSA is an important factor in predicting the occurrence of hip fracture. Therefore, not only should bone mineral density (BMD) be considered clinically, but it is also important to look closely at HSA for risk of hip fracture.
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Cui, Bingyan, Liwen Chen, Zhijun Wang, Yuanhao Zhao, Zhanxian Li, and Zhenlin Jin. "Design and Dynamic Analysis of a Novel Biomimetic Robotics Hip Joint." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/145040.
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In order to increase the workspace and the carrying capacity of biomimetic robotics hip joint, a novel biomimetic robotics hip joint was developed. The biomimetic robotics hip joint is mainly composed of a moving platform, frame, and 3-RRR orthogonal spherical parallel mechanism branched chains, and has the characteristics of compact structure, large bearing capacity, high positioning accuracy, and good controllability. The functions of the biomimetic robotics hip joint are introduced, such as the technical parameters, the structure and the driving mode. The biomimetic robotics hip joint model of the robot is established, the kinematics equation is described, and then the dynamics are analyzed and simulated with ADAMS software. The proposed analysis methodology can be provided a theoretical base for biomimetic robotics hip joint of the servo motor selection and structural design. The designed hip joint can be applied in serial and parallel robots or any other mechanisms.
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Kladovasilakis, Nikolaos, Konstantinos Tsongas, and Dimitrios Tzetzis. "Finite Element Analysis of Orthopedic Hip Implant with Functionally Graded Bioinspired Lattice Structures." Biomimetics 5, no. 3 (September 12, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics5030044.
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The topology optimization (TO) process has the objective to structurally optimize products in various industries, such as in biomechanical engineering. Additive manufacturing facilitates this procedure and enables the utility of advanced structures in order to achieve the optimal product design. Currently, orthopedic implants are fabricated from metal or metal alloys with totally solid structure to withstand the applied loads; nevertheless, such a practice reduces the compatibility with human tissues and increases the manufacturing cost as more feedstock material is needed. This article investigates the possibility of applying bioinspired lattice structures (cellular materials) in order to topologically optimize an orthopedic hip implant, made of Inconel 718 superalloy. Lattice structures enable topology optimization of an object by reducing its weight and increasing its porosity without compromising its mechanical behavior. Specifically, three different bioinspired advanced lattice structures were investigated through finite element analysis (FEA) under in vivo loading. Furthermore, the regions with lattice structure were optimized through functional gradation of the cellular material. Results have shown that optimal design of hip implant geometry, in terms of stress behavior, was achieved through functionally graded lattice structures and the hip implant is capable of withstanding up to two times the in vivo loads, suggesting that this design is a suitable and effective replacement for a solid implant.
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Choi, Hana, and Jun-II Yoo. "Sarcopenia and Hip-Structure Analysis Variables in Korean Elderly Population." Journal of Clinical Densitometry 23, no. 3 (July 2020): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2018.08.004.
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Beck, Thomas J. "Extending DXA beyond bone mineral density: Understanding hip structure analysis." Current Osteoporosis Reports 5, no. 2 (June 2007): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11914-007-0002-4.
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Khoo, B. C. C., J. R. Lewis, K. Brown, and R. L. Prince. "Evaluation of a simplified hip structure analysis method for the prediction of incident hip fracture events." Osteoporosis International 27, no. 1 (August 18, 2015): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3282-z.
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Takada, Junichi, Genichiro Katahira, Kousuke Iba, Takashi Yoshizaki, and Toshihiko Yamashita. "Hip structure analysis of bisphosphonate-treated Japanese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis." Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 29, no. 4 (November 30, 2010): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00774-010-0242-8.
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Gayko, G. V., O. A. Haluzynskyi, O. M. Sulyma, and V. M. Pidhaietskyi. "The Role of Spondyloarthrosis in the Structure of Pain After Hip Arthroplasty." Visnyk Ortopedii Travmatologii Protezuvannia 106, no. 3 (2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37647/0132-2486-2020-106-3-71-78.
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Summary. In the structure of complications, pain syndrome, which is not associated with infection or instability of the components of the endoprosthesis, remains a serious problem due to the difficulties of diagnosis and treatment. The cause of the residual pain may be the presence of spondyloarthrosis of the lumbar spine in the patient. Objective: to determine the role of spondyloarthrosis of the lumbar spine in the structure of pain after hip arthroplasty. Materials and Methods. A sample and retrospective analysis of the case histories of 138 patients with hip-lumbar syndrome who underwent hip arthroplasty in the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of Adults of the SI “Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of NAMS of Ukraine” was carried out. All patients were examined clinically and radiographically. Additionally, all patients were examined by a neurologist with the determination of the neurological status and diagnosis. Evaluation of the effectiveness of hip arthroplasty in order to improve the clinical and functional characteristics of the link hip joint – spine was carried out according to the Haris and Oswestry functional scales. Results. The analysis of the database of patients in them proved that the lumbar vertebrae at the L2-L4 level are more often affected. In hyperlordosis, degenerative lesions occur in the posterior column of the lumbar spine in the form of spondyloarthrosis, which is clinically manifested by lumbodynia; with hypolordosis, the anterior column suffers more, which is clinically manifested by the presence of lumboishalgia. Total arthroplasty of patients with hip-lumbar syndrome contributes to statistically significant (p≤0.05) reduction in pain syndrome and improvement of function both in the hip joint and the lower back. Residual, less intense, pain syndrome after arthroplasty was most intensive in patients with hypolordosis (24.11 points according to Oswestry’s classification). Сonclusions. The studies carried out to determine the role of spondyloarthrosis of the lumbar spine in the structure of pain after hip arthroplasty will contribute to the further development of a clinical diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for patients with hip-lumbar syndrome.
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Zikos, Dimitrios, Ashara Shrestha, Taylor Colotti, and Leonidas Fegaras. "A Supervised Pattern Analysis of the Length of Stay for Hip Replacement Admissions." Healthcare 7, no. 2 (April 6, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7020058.
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Hip replacement is the most common surgical procedure among Medicare patients in the US and worldwide. The hospital length of stay (LOS) for hip replacement admissions is therefore important to be controlled, contributing to savings for hospitals. This study combined medical claims and hospital structure and service data to examine LOS fluctuations and trends, and admission distribution patterns, during weekdays, for hip replacement cases. The study furthermore examined associations of these patterns with the LOS performance. Most hospitals were found to admit hip replacement cases at the start of the week (Monday through Wednesday). There is an upward LOS trend as we approach late weekday admissions. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that LOS weekday inconsistencies, a large proportion of hip replacement admissions on Thursday and Friday, the government ownership status, the bed size, and the critical access status are associated with an increased LOS. On the other hand, the rate of hip replacement admissions over total ones, and the hospital being accredited, are associated with a lower LOS. Findings stress out the need for hospitals to maintain an effective and balanced distribution of hip replacement admissions, evenly during the week, and the need for standardized case management, to avoid practice variability and, therefore, LOS fluctuations for their hip replacement cases.
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Eldesouky, Ibrahim, Hassan El-Hofy, and Ola Harrysson. "Research: Design and Analysis of a Low-Stiffness Porous Hip Stem." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 51, no. 6 (November 1, 2017): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-51.6.474.
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Abstract Two major problems are associated with total hip replacement: 1) stress shielding and 2) the adverse tissue reaction to certain elements of the implant material. In this regard, a porous implant provides lower stiffness and vacancies for bone ingrowth, making it more suitable for the human bone compared with a solid stem. Moreover, second-generation titanium biomedical alloys, such as TNZT (Ti35Nb7Zr5Ta) and TMZF (Ti12Mo6Zr2Fe), have been introduced to prevent the adverse tissue reactions related to aluminum and vanadium elements of the popular Ti6Al4V alloy. In the current work, an analysis was performed based on uniaxial compression testing of cubic Ti6Al4V structures of different porosities to predict the governing equations that relate the relative density of the structure to the mechanical properties of the structure according to the Gibson-Ashby model. A numerical study was conducted to evaluate the change in stress distribution obtained by incorporating the new titanium alloys in porous hip stem implants. Implants modeled with the mechanical properties of TNZT and TMZF showed a minimum safety factor of 1.69 and 3.02, respectively, with respect to the yield strength. The results demonstrated an increase in the equivalent von Mises stresses and maximum principal elastic strain up to 7% and 15%, respectively, compared with the porous Ti6Al4V implant and up to 108% and 156%, respectively, compared with the solid Ti6Al4V implant.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hip structure analysis"
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Khoo, Benjamin Cheng Choon. "Clinical and phantom-based studies of the validity and value of quantitative radiological hip structural analysis." University of Western Australia. School of Surgery and Pathology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0189.
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[Truncated abstract] Areal bone mineral density (BMD) is measured routinely in the clinic by a quantitative radiological technique, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). BMD is used widely to assess non-invasively but indirectly the mechanical fragility of bone and consequently is able to predict fracture risk. While BMD correlates well with in vitro measurements of bone strength it does not directly measure a mechanical property; half of incident minimally traumatic fractures in women occur with BMD values above the World Health Organisation defined threshold for osteoporosis. This arises partly because the mechanical strength of bone is dependent on its structural geometry and material strength as well as bone mineral mass. Essentially, bones fracture when load stresses exceed the mechanical capacity of the material to withstand them. The structural geometry (i.e., the amount of bone tissue and its complex three-dimensional arrangement within the macroscopic bone envelope) defines the stresses produced by a given load, while the intrinsic load capacity of the material is defined by the composition and microstructure of the bone tissue itself. Hip structural analysis (HSA) is a technique that elucidates the structural geometric component of bone strength; essentially combining information available from conventional DXA images of the proximal femur with a biomechanical beam model based on the stresses arising in a combination of pure bending and axial compression. A version of HSA has recently been released commercially, and has obtained US Food and Drug Administration approval for its clinical application. ... Given the acknowledged limitations of the HSA method when applied to 2-D projection images, a 3-D approach to structural geometry, using imaging modalities such as pQCT and QCT or a recently introduced version of DXA that mimics QCT, is indicated for the future. With that in mind and the possibility of the anthropometric phantom being adopted for future accuracy and precision assessments, improvements in the design of this phantom are recommended. Studies to better understand and verify Contents v the relevance of the 'local buckling' phenomenon as a structural geometric factor in the genesis of macro-fractures are also recommended. In summary, it is essential that superior (compared to BMD) non-invasively determined clinical predictors of bone fragility leading to fracture be investigated. Structural geometric variables are potential candidates. This has led to consideration of; (i) the need to progress beyond BMD for a more sensitive and specific bone strength measurement; (ii) theoretical advantages of structural geometry over BMD; (iii) limitations of the current HSA technique based on DXA, including those introduced by its restrictive assumptions; (iv) the value of HSA in longitudinal studies, exemplified by the 'normal' but rapid skeletal changes seen in human lactation, with possible implications for an analogous study of the menopause; and (v) an investigation, using a custom-designed anthropometric phantom, of the adaptation of HSA to certain emerging imaging modalities and methods able to resolve bone structural geometry in three dimensions.
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Caliskan, Fatma. "Electromagnetic Analysis of Planar Layered Structures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5116.
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ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF PLANAR LAYERED STRUCTURES
Fatma Caliskan
169 pages
Directed by Dr. Andrew F. Peterson
The electrical design of microelectronic devices and their packaging is complicated because of non-ideal attributes of the actual circuit realization. Electromagnetic modeling offers the possibility of accurately predicting the electrical performance of devices and reducing the cost associated with the design process. The proposed research concerns extensions of electromagnetic modeling techniques and their application to microelectronic package design. The method of moments (MoM) is utilized as a technique in modeling and analyzing these designs. Recently, an alternate approach called the locally corrected Nystrm method (LCN) has been applied to solve integral equations in electromagnetics. Recent research suggests that the LCN is well-suited for higher-order implementations and does not require cell-to-cell current continuity in the underlying representation. Thus it may offer advantages over the MoM, especially for problems involving complex 3-D structures. If cell-to-cell continuity is not required, nonconforming meshes may offer simpler geometrical modeling. In this proposal, we consider applying the above techniques to problems in package designs, which often involve multilayer structures, solid or perforated ground planes, embedded passive devices such as capacitors and spiral inductors, and interconnects in horizontal or vertical directions. Several examples will be used to illustrate the modeling.
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Behrens, Anna-Janina. "Fine structure of the HIV-1 glycan shield." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3cec0ef7-c305-411e-a76b-125d5e7e9954.
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The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer (Env) is covered by an extensive array of glycans that shield it from immune surveillance. The high density of glycans on the trimer surface imposes steric constraints that limit the actions of glycan processing enzymes, such that multiple under-processed structures remain on specific locations. These oligomannose-type glycans are recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that are not thwarted by the glycan shield but, perhaps paradoxically, target it. In multiple studies, bNAbs have been shown to be capable of providing passive protection from viral challenge, making Env a focus of antibody-mediated vaccine design. Here, the development of a workflow for the semi-quantitative, site-specific N-glycosylation analysis of a soluble recombinant, native-like trimer mimic (BG505 SOSIP.664) is reported. The resulting data reveal a mosaic of dense clusters on the outer domain of Env and allow mapping the extremes of simplicity and diversity of glycan processing. Although individual sites usually minimally affect the global integrity of the glycan shield, examples are identified of how deleting certain glycans can subtly influence neutralization by bNAbs that bind at distant sites. Env is a trimer of heterodimers of gp120 and gp41, which is generated by cleavage of an endogenous protease. In this thesis, the detailed effect of protease cleavage on glycan processing is examined by comparing the site-specific N-glycosylation profiles of the native-like trimer mimic to the corresponding uncleaved pseudotrimer and the matched gp120 monomer. Trimer-associated glycan remodeling forms a localized subdomain of the native mannose patch. Furthermore, the glycosylation analysis of further Env immunogens â a glycan-depleted trimer and a flexibly-linked, uncleaved trimer (both based on BG505 SOSIP.664) â provides important insights into the robustness of the HIV-1 glycan shield and the Env maturation pathway. Overall, this thesis reveals how structural constraints shape Env glycosylation and the network of bNAb-targeted glycans that should be preserved on recombinant vaccine candidates.
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Vidimar, Vania. "Characterization of the anticancer properties of Ruthenium-derived compounds : mode of action, optimization and development of experimental tools." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ105.
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Au cours des dernières années, une nouvelle classe de composés anticancéreux à base de ruthénium, appelés RDCs (Ruthenium-Derived Compounds), a été développé pour dépasser les limitations des agents chimiothérapiques contenants du platine. Contrairement à ces derniers, l’activité anticancéreuse des RDCs est en partie indépendante de l'interaction avec l'ADN. L’objectif principal de ma thèse a été ainsi de comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires quiinter viennent dans l’action anticancéreuse et antimétastatique des RDCs au-delà du dommage à l’ADN.J’ai démontré que le RDC11, contrairement au cisplatine, affecte les voies de signalisation de HIF-1 et mTOR, deux voies qui jouent un rôle clé dans le métabolisme cellulaire et qui sont souvent altérées dans les cellules cancéreuses.En parallèle, j’ai effectué un analyse structure/activité pour sélectionner des nouveaux RDCs ayant meilleures propriétés chimiques et pharmacologiques que le RDC11. Cette étude a permis d’identifier deux nouveaux RDCs qui réduisent la croissance tumorale in vivo avec un dosage beaucoup plus faible que le RDC11 et qui induisent la mort des cellules cancéreuses par une surproduction d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène et par l'activation de la caspase8. En conclusion, mes travaux ont conduit à l’identification de nouveaux mécanismes à la base de l’activité anticancéreuse du RDC11 qui pourraient expliquer certaines différences entre le mode d’action du RDC11 et du cisplatine. De plus, ils ont permis de sélectionner deux nouveaux RDCs plus efficaces que le RDC11. Ces résultat sont un impact important pour le développement de nouvelles thérapies anticancéreuses ou antimétastatiquesIn recent years, a new class of anticancer ruthenium-based drugs, called RDCs (Ruthenium-Derived Compounds), has been developed to overcome the limitations of classic platinum chemotherapeutics. Unlike the latter, the anticancer activity of RDCs is in part independent of DNA interaction. Therefore, the main objective of my thesis work was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in RDCs anticancer and antimetastatic activity beyond DNA damage. I demonstrated that RDC11, unlike cisplatin, affects the HIF-1 and mTOR signaling pathways, two pathways that play a key role in cellular metabolism and that are frequently altered in cancer cells. In parallel, I performed a structure/activity analysis to select new RDCs endowed with better chemical and pharmacological properties than RDC11. This study allowed to identify two novel RDCs that reduce tumor growth in vivo at much lower doses than RDC11 and that induce cancer cell death by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species and activation of caspase 8. In conclusion, my work led to the identification of new mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of RDC11 that could explain some of the differences between the mode of action of RDC11 and cisplatin. In addition, it allowed to select two novel RDCs which are more effective than RDC11. These results have a significant impact on the development of new anticancer or antimetastatic therapies
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Zeffman, Amanda Tracey. "NMR analysis of the three-dimensional structure of the HIV-1 encapsidation signal." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621828.
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Abrams, Nicola Elaine. "The structure & desorption of molecular species from single crystal metal surfaces." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387862.
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Dubanchet, Vincent. "Modélisation et contrôle d’un robot spatial flexible pour la capture d’un débris en rotation." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESAE0022/document.
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Les débris en orbite sont actuellement une source de préoccupation majeure pour les acteurs du spatial et pour le reste de la population, comme en témoignent les articles de presse et les œuvres cinématographiques sur le sujet. En effet, la présence de ces objets menace directement les astronautes en mission et les satellites en opération. Parmi les nombreuses options déjà envisagées pour les traiter, cette thèse se concentre sur l’approche robotique, en proposant des outils et des méthodes de modélisation et de contrôle pour un satellite chasseur équipé d’un bras manipulateur. Des modèles dynamiques et des schémas de simulation optimisés sont ainsi développés pour tout système multi-corps constitué d’une base mobile supportant un nombre quelconque d’appendices rigides ou flexibles. Par la suite, les trajectoires de capture sont générées en conservant la continuité en accélération avec le mouvement naturel du point cible, dans le but de saisir aussi délicatement que possible le débris en rotation. Le suivi de cette trajectoire par l’effecteur du robot chasseur est alors assuré par une loi de contrôle à deux niveaux, dont le réglage repose sur la synthèse H1 structurée. Une étude de robustesse est également mise en place pour assurer la stabilité et les performances du système en boucle fermée, malgré les changements de configuration du bras. Enfin, la validation des travaux de thèse est réalisée par voie numérique avec un simulateur haute-fidélité, et par voie pratique avec un banc d’essais robotique incluant des composants physiques en temps réelOn-orbit debris are currently causing deep concern for space agencies, related companies, and also among the population. ¿is is evidenced by the numerous scientific articles and recent movies on the matter. Indeed, these objects pose a serious threat for the astronauts on mission and for operational satellites. Among the various technical concepts already designed to address these threats, this thesis focuses on space robotics. Tools and methods are thus introduced for the modeling and control of a chaser satellite equipped with a manipulator. Dynamic models and optimized simulation schemes are developed to handle any multi-body system made up of amoving base embedding various appendages, either rigid or flexible. ¿en, a trajectory planner is designed to ensure acceleration continuity with the natural motion of the debris in order to perform a soft capture. ¿is reference trajectory is tracked by the end-effector of the chaser using a two-level control law, which is tuned by the structured H1 synthesis. A robustness analysis is also presented to assess the stability and the performances of the closed-loop system with respect to the motion of the robotic arm. Finally, the outcome of the thesis is validated by a twofold approach: by numerical means with a highfidelity simulator, and by practical ones with a robotic test bench including physical components in real time
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Cirino, Nick Mario. "Structure-function analysis of the ribonuclease-H domain of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1062096231.
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Mathu, Alexander Muchugia Nganga. "Structural analysis of effects of mutations on HIV-1 subtype C protease active site." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004073.
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HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic that poses a great threat especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where the highest population of those infected with the virus is found. It has far reaching medical, socio-economic and scientific implications. The HIV-1 protease enzyme is a prime therapeutic target that has been exploited in an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality. However problems arise from drug toxicity and drug-resistant mutations of the protease which is a motivation for research for new, safer and effective therapies. Evidence exists to show that there are significant genomic differences in Subtype B and C that have a negative effect on the intrinsic binding of inhibitors. It is imperative to look at all perspectives from epidemiological, molecular to the pharmacological ones so as to achieve rational design of therapeutic agents. This study involved the use of in silico structural analysis of the effects of mutations in the active site. The data was provided by the National Institute of Communicable Diseases consisting of HIV-1 Subtype C protease sequences of 29 infants exhibiting drug-resistance to ritonavir and lopinavir. The major active site mutations causing drug resistance identified in this study were M46I, I54V and V82A using the Stanford HIV database tool. Homology modeling without extra restraints produced models with improved quality in comparison to those with restraints. MetaMQAPII results differed when models were visualized as dimers giving erroneous modeled regions in comparison to monomers. A broader study with a larger dataset of HIV-1 subtype C protease sequences is required to increase statistical confidence and in order to identify the pattern of drug resistant mutations. Homology modeling without extra restraints is preferred for calculating homology models for the HIV-1 subtype C. Further investigations needs to be done to ascertain the accuracy of validation results for dimers from MetaMQAPII as it is designed for evaluation of monomers.
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Tie, Yunfeng. "Crystallographic Analysis and Kinetic Studies of HIV-1 Protease and Drug-Resistant Mutants." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/2.
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HIV-1 protease is the most effective target for drugs to treat AIDS, however, the long-term therapeutic efficiency is restricted by the rapid development of drug resistant variants. To better understand the molecular basis of drug resistance, crystallographic and kinetic studies were applied to wild-type HIV-1 protease (PR) and drug-resistant mutants, PRV82A, and PRI84V, in complex with substrate analogues, the current drug saquinavir and the new inhibitor UIC-94017 (TMC-114). UIC-94017 was also studied with mutants PRD30N and PRI50V. The drug-resistant mutations V82A, I84V, D30N and I50V participate in substrate binding. Eighteen crystal structures were refined at resolutions of 0.97-1.60A. The high accuracy of the atomic resolution crystal structures helps understand the reaction mechanism of HIV-1 PR. Different binding modes are observed for different types of inhibitors. The substrate analogs have more extended interactions with PR subsites up to S5-S5', while the clinical inhibitors maximize the contacts within S2-S2'. Hydrophobic interactions are the major force for saquinavir binding since it was designed with enhanced hydrophobic groups based on substrate side-chains. In contrast, the new clinical inhibitor UIC-94017 was designed to mimic the hydrogen bonds between substrates and PR. UIC-94017 forms polar interactions with the PR main-chain atoms of Asp29/30, which have been proposed to be critical for its potency against resistant HIV. The mutants showed different structural and kinetic effects, depending on the inhibitor and location of the mutations. The observed structural changes were consistent with the relative inhibition data. Both PRI84V and PRI50V lost favorable hydrophobic interactions with inhibitor compared with PR. Similarly, in PRD30N the UIC-94017 had a water-mediated interaction with the side-chain of Asn30 rather than the direct interaction observed in PR. However, PRV82A compensated for the mutation by shifts of the backbone of Ala82. Furthermore, the complexes of PRV82A showed smaller shifts relative to PR, but more movement of the peptide analog, compared to complexes with clinical inhibitors. The structures suggest that substrate analogs have more flexibility than the drugs to accommodate the structural changes caused by mutation, which may explain how HIV can develop drug resistance while retaining the ability of PR to hydrolyze natural substrates.
Books on the topic "Hip structure analysis"
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Bailey, Althea. Analysing Semi-Structured Interviews to Explore Sexual Decision-Making and HIV/STI Risk Perception Among Female Sex Workers: A Grounded Theory Approach. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526483812.
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Márquez, Alberto. Computational Geometry: XIV Spanish Meeting on Computational Geometry, EGC 2011, Dedicated to Ferran Hurtado on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, Alcalá de Henares, Spain, June 27-30, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
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Gasparini, Evel. Il matriarcato slavo. Edited by Marcello Garzaniti and Donatella Possamai. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-999-1.
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This book on Slavic matriarchy is the result of the studies and researches that Evel Gasparini carried out over the span of his lifetime. Intrigued by the possibility of a close link between the collective ownership of the land and the ancient agricultural-matriarchal substrate of Slav culture, Gasparini launched on the titanic enterprise of analysing the archaeological and historical sources of early Slavic civilisation. Basing himself on a concept of culture elaborated in the ethnological field, he brought to light certain contradictions in the application of the Indo-European paradigm to Slavic culture and identified a series of elements illustrating the matriarchal substrate. Exploiting an uncommon knowledge of cultural anthropology and profound linguistic competencies, in this book Gasparini maps out a complex panorama ranging from the economy to the social structure and from the religious traditions to music and dance. Out of print for some time, the book is now proposed in a new, more convenient form, complete with an appendix on Finns and Slavs – which was originally intended as another chapter in the book but was then left out – a detailed preface by Gasparini's disciple Remo Faccani, and a bibliography of the scholar's oeuvre edited by Donatella Possamai.
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Harris, Ellen T., and Ellen T. Harris. Musical and Dramatic Structure. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190271664.003.0004.
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The early sources of Dido and Aeneas differ in their overall layout. The harmonic structure of the opera provides a key to its organization in a practice based on earlier seventeenth-century models. Purcell, however, uses harmony in a more dramatic way than his models. The lack of a musical setting of the final chorus and dance indicated in the libretto at the end of Act II seems to skew the harmonic organization, but it also reflects his use of harmony as a dramatic tool. A structural analysis of the opera without these movements reveals a two-part symmetrical structure dividing the opera in half. The successive movements in the two halves are paired in musical structure while their textual opposition reflects the central conflict of the opera.
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Jaëck, Frédéric. Generality and structures in functional analysis: the influence of Stefan Banach. Edited by Karine Chemla, Renaud Chorlay, and David Rabouin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777267.013.7.
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This article examines Stefan Banach’s contributions to the field of functional analysis based on the concept of structure and the multiply-flvored expression of generality that arises in his work on linear operations. More specifically, it discusses the two stages in the process by which Banach elaborated a new framework for functional analysis where structures were bound to play an essential role. It considers whether Banach spaces, or complete normed vector spaces, were born in Banach’s first paper, the 1922 doctoral dissertation On operations on abstract spaces and their application to integral equations. It also analyzes what appears to be the core of Banach’s 1922 article and the transformation into a general setting that it represents. The main achievements of Banach’s dissertation, as well as all the essential features that bear witness to the birth of a new theory, are concentrated in the study of linear operations.
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Tenney, James. The Structure of Harmonic Series Aggregates. Edited by Larry Polansky, Lauren Pratt, Robert Wannamaker, and Michael Winter. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038723.003.0011.
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James Tenney discusses the structure of harmonic series aggregates and provides a detailed explanation of the genesis of his HD function. He describes, through first principles (perception, simple mathematics), what happens when “two or more compound tones are sounded simultaneously.” Using simple properties of relatively prime (reduced) ratios, the harmonic series, and least common multiples and greatest common divisors, Tenney approaches harmony in the way he had suggested some thirty years earlier: “to start if possible at the very beginning, to clear the mind of loose ends whose origins are forgotten; loose ends and means become habits.” After exploring harmonic intersection and disjunction, Tenney concludes with an analysis of harmonic distance and pitch distance.
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Quante, Michael. The Logic of Essence as Internal Reflection. Edited by Dean Moyar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199355228.013.12.
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The grammar of subjectivity, in particular in the form of self-consciousness, belongs to this day to the most difficult objects of philosophy. This holds in the philosophy of German idealism as well as in analytic philosophy. This grammar supplies the basic structure of all fundamental epistemological conceptions and is itself the object of various ontological interpretations. Hegel’s analysis of essence as internal reflection, which is analyzed in detail in this chapter, is one of the most rigorous analyses of this grammar of subjectivity. His conception has two main strengths: first, the approach operates at such a fundamental level that the distinction between the epistemological and the ontological dimension is itself conceived as an element of this grammar. Second, Hegel succeeds in unfolding the complexity of this grammar out of a single principle by means of a self-referential movement of the concept.
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Marmodoro, Anna. Forms and Structure in Plato's Metaphysics. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577158.001.0001.
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This book investigates the thought of two of the most influential philosophers of antiquity, Plato and his predecessor Anaxagoras, with respect to their metaphysical accounts of objects and properties. It introduces a fresh perspective on these two thinkers’ ideas, displaying the debt of Plato’s theory to Anaxagoras’s, and principally arguing that their core metaphysical concept is overlap; overlap between properties and things in the world. Initially Plato endorses Anaxagoras’s model of constitutional overlap, and subsequently develops qualitative overlap. Overlap is the crux to our understanding of Plato’s theory of participation of objects in Forms; of his account of relatives without relations; of the role of Forms as causes; of the transcendent normativity of Forms; of the metaphysics of necessity; and of the role of the Great Kinds and of the paradeigma in the development of Plato’s thought. This book shows Plato as ground-breaking in the history of metaphysics, in different ways from those acknowledged so far, and with respect to more metaphysical questions than had been hitherto appreciated; for example, Plato’s treatment of structure as a property of things, and his introduction of the first ever account of metaphysical emergence. In addition to these results, the book makes Anaxagoras’s and Plato’s systems philosophically accessible to us, today’s philosophers, by applying conceptual tools from analytic metaphysics to the study of ancient metaphysics. In this way, the book brings Anaxagoras’s and Plato’s ideas to bear on todays’ philosophical discussions and opens up new venues of research for current philosophical discussions.
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Huckleberry, Alan, Gregg Zuckerman, and Ivan Penkov. Lie Groups : Structure, Actions, and Representations: In Honor of Joseph A. Wolf on the Occasion of his 75th Birthday. Birkhäuser, 2013.
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Banchetti-Robino, Marina Paola. The Chemical Philosophy of Robert Boyle. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197502501.001.0001.
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This book examines the way in which Robert Boyle seeks to accommodate his complex chemical philosophy within the framework of a mechanistic theory of matter. More specifically, the book proposes that Boyle regards chemical qualities as properties that emerge from the mechanistic structure of chymical atoms. Within Boyle’s chemical ontology, chymical atoms are structured concretions of particles that Boyle regards as chemically elementary entities, that is, as chemical wholes that resist experimental analysis. Although this interpretation of Boyle’s chemical philosophy has already been suggested by other Boyle scholars, the present book provides a sustained philosophical argument to demonstrate that, for Boyle, chemical properties are dispositional, relational, emergent, and supervenient properties. This argument is strengthened by a detailed mereological analysis of Boylean chymical atoms that establishes the kind of theory of wholes and parts that is most consistent with his emergentist conception of chemical properties. The emergentist position that is being attributed to Boyle supports his view that chemical reactions resist direct explanation in terms of the mechanistic properties of fundamental particles, as well as his position regarding the scientific autonomy of chemistry from mechanics and physics.
Book chapters on the topic "Hip structure analysis"
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Takada, Junichi. "Assessment of Femoral Geometric Strength in Osteoporosis Using Hip Structure Analysis." In Osteoporosis in Orthopedics, 55–79. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55778-4_4.
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Nasr, Riad, Eric Watelain, Antonio Pinti, Hayman Saddik, Ghassan Maalouf, Abdel-Jalil Berro, Abir Alwan, César El Khoury, Ibrahim Fayad, and Rawad El Hage. "Sarcopenia and Hip Structure Analysis Variables in a Group of Lebanese Postmenopausal Women." In Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 69–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78759-6_7.
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Bonnick, Sydney Lou, and Lori Ann Lewis. "VFA Imaging, Femoral Morphometry, and Hip Structural Analysis." In Bone Densitometry for Technologists, 313–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3625-6_13.
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Beltrán-Fernández, Juan Alfonso, Omar Rolando Ruiz-Muñoz, Luis Héctor Hernández-Gómez, Alejandro González-Rebattú y González, Itzel Bantle-Chávez, Carolina Alvarado-Moreno, Pablo Moreno-Garibaldi, and Nefi Pava Chipol. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of a Personalized Prosthesis for a Patient with Unilateral Hip Osteoarthritis." In Advanced Structured Materials, 279–316. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20801-1_21.
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Reif, Wolf-Ernst, Roger D. K. Thomas, and Martin S. Fischer. "Constructional Morphology: The Analysis of Constraints in Evolution Dedicated to A. Seilacher in Honour of His 60. Birthday." In Architecture in Living Structure, 127–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5169-3_11.
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Balamurugan, A., J. H. G. Rocha, S. Kannan, A. Rebelo, J. M. G. Ventura, and J. M. F. Ferreira. "Synthesis and Characterization of Sol Gel Derived Silicon Substituted Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds - Effect of Siliconlevelontheinvitrobiocompatibilityof Si-Hap." In Experimental Analysis of Nano and Engineering Materials and Structures, 829–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6239-1_412.
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Tanwar, Sonam, and Ruhi Sharma. "Modelling and Structural Analysis for Prosthesis Hip Design Using ANSYS with Finite Element Method." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 287–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1740-9_24.
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Hirsch, Jennifer S., Morgan M. Philbin, Daniel Jordan Smith, and Richard G. Parker. "From Structural Analysis to Pragmatic Action: The Meso-level Modifiable Social Determinants of HIV Vulnerability for Labor Migrants." In Social Aspects of HIV, 19–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63522-4_2.
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Buceniece, Ella. "The Teleological Structure of Historical Being (The Analysis of the Problem Made in Husserl’s Work, The Crisis in European Science and Transcendental Phenomenology)." In Man within His Life-World, 627–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2587-8_33.
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Schulz, Karin. "»Una ventata di pazzia«?" In Bewegungsszenarien der Moderne, 143–62. Heidelberg, Germany: Universitätsverlag WINTER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33675/2021-82537264-9.
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Luigi Pirandello’s novels are based on scenarios of extreme emotional movement. By focusing on the novel ‚Suo marito‘, the essay will question the textual presentation of extremes, in order to point out the structural patterns in Pirandello’s writing practice with regard to the issue of emotional self-discovery of the individual. How does the emotional dynamic emerge and develop in selected sequences of scenes? And which structural characteristics or aesthetic paradigms of the representation of emotional movement can be summarized? Pirandello shows a special conception of aesthetic functionality of emotions, which in its specific character of movement reflects individual self-experience. The special analytic focus lies on the protagonist Giustino Boggiolo, whose ambition to build on his wife’s literary success and to exploit it commercially puts him into an ecstatic rush, endangering not only his own existence and self-image, but also his family.
Conference papers on the topic "Hip structure analysis"
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Pan, Min, and Dan Zhang. "Analysis of a Novel Design of a Three-Degree of Freedom Hip Exoskeleton Based on Biomimetic Parallel Structure." In 2011 First International Conference on Robot, Vision and Signal Processing (RVSP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rvsp.2011.84.
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Udofia, I., F. Liu, Z. Jin, P. Roberts, and P. Grigoris. "Contact Mechanics Analysis and Initial Stability of Press-Fit Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacing Prostheses." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63337.
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To ensure potential long-term stability and survivorship for metal-on-metal hip resurfacing prostheses, implant migration would need to be minimised to encourage bone in-growth. This study uses the finite element method to investigate the effects of the surgical press-fit procedure on the bearing and interfacial contact mechanics, and on the initial stability of a metal-on-metal (MOM) hip resurfacing prosthesis. The finite element models simulated the press-fit procedure using different amounts of interference between the cup-bone (1–2mm). The resurfacing prosthesis was implanted anatomically into a 3-D bone model. Resultant hip joint loads were applied to the model through muscle and subtrochanteric forces. Results showed that increasing the friction and the interference between the cup and bone resulted in significant reductions in the relative micromotion between the cup and bone. This would ensure the immediate post-operative stability of the acetabular cup and provide adequate conditions for potential long-term bone in-growth and implant stability. The contact mechanics at the bearing surfaces, which has a large effect on tribological performance, was found to be little affected by changes at the cup-bone interface. These findings are consistent with the general satisfactory short and medium-term clinical results of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing prostheses. This study suggests that interference, friction and a mechanically sound bone structure are important parameters to promote implant stability and support.
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Eswara Sai Kumar, Kandula, and Sourav Rakshit. "Topology Optimization of the Hip Bone for Walking Using Multi-Load Approach." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24472.
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Abstract In this work, we use structural topology optimization to design the hip bone with multi-load conditions of walking gait cycle. Previous research works on optimal bone design primarily aimed to design the micro-structure of the femur bone using a multi-load approach with global geometry fixed. To the best of authors’ knowledge, no optimal design research literature is available on the hip bone. This work uses the concept of multiload conditions, since it considers the effect of entire gait cycle while applying loading conditions. We consider three cases for the weights. Those are (i) equi-weight case, (ii) non-equi weight case based on the fraction of the phase in the gait cycle and (iii) non-equi weight case based on the ratio of magnitude of the hip joint force in respective phases to the total hip joint force of the entire walking gait cycle. The optimal designs are compared with natural hip bone by measuring shape similarity using Procrustes Analysis. Results show that the compliance is less for the optimal designs compared with natural hip bone. The shape similarity values for the three cases are found to be 64%, 78% and 73% respectively. Optimal design obtained from the non-equi weight case based on the duration of phase has highest shape similarity value due to creation of a hole similar to obturator foramen in lower portion of the hip bone. The maximum stress and maximum displacement values are lower in optimal designs compared with natural hip bone. From the shape similarity results, the optimal design from the non-equi weight based on duration of the phase may be more suitable for prosthesis applications.
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Felmlee, Robert, Jordan Smith, Michael Macaulay, Dakota Leamer, Ethan Budd, Scott Steinbrink, Davide Piovesan, and Mary Crowe. "Gravity Compensation Walker: Structure and Safety." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23792.
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Abstract Morbid obesity is a widespread problem in the united states. The rate of falls and injures is much higher for obese individuals when compared to individuals of normative weight. Obesity can also impose excessive load to the hip and knee joints during the sit-to stand transition, which is conducive to osteoarthritis and increased sedentariety. In order to help individuals with the aforementioned problems, a sit to stand assistive device can be created that compensates for the subject’s lack of propulsive force. This device can reduce the chances of falling while trying to stand and help professionals when aiding these individuals in the healthcare setting. Users can interact with the propulsive loading provided by the device, which can be customizable to their needs. This product is one of the few sit to stand passive, assistive devices allowing the individual to use lower body strength and very minimal upper body strength. The objectives of our device are to be adjustable, help individuals stand without falling forward, be relatively inexpensive, easy to use, and safe for a hospital environment. Structural and stability analysis of the device is here presented, to assess the safety of its use.
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Artoni, Alessio, Matilde Tomasi, and Francesca Di Puccio. "Kinematic Analysis of the Lolotte Technique in Rock Climbing." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67595.
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The lolotte or drop-knee technique is a fundamental of rock climbing that particularly involves lower limbs, and especially knee joints. To the authors’ best knowledge, no biomechanical analysis of the lolotte seems to have ever been conducted, despite its widespread use. As a first contribution to this research topic, the present work deals with an athlete-specific kinematic analysis of the lolotte aimed at quantifying the hip and knee joint angle trajectories and knee ligament strains. A marker-based motion capture system was employed to track the execution of the lolotte on a purposely designed climbing structure. The marker trajectories were then used as input for a numerical simulation in the OpenSim program, where an athlete-specific musculoskeletal model was set up to perform an inverse kinematics analysis and obtain the joint angle trajectories as well as their ranges of motion. Further processing of the model allowed to estimate the strain of the knee medial collateral ligament. Such kinematic analysis revealed characteristic hip and knee joint angle patterns and highlighted a critical phase in which the knee is considerably abducted (increased valgus). As a consequence, the medial collateral ligament is remarkably recruited, thereby substantiating the claim diffused among climbers that drop-kneeing may cause ligament injury.
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Ergun, Celalettin, Zafer Evis, and Robert H. Doremus. "Interface in Hydroxylapatite Coated Ti6Al4V Alloys." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58177.
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The aim of the present study is to develop a better understanding of the interface reaction between hydroxylapatite and Ti6Al4V alloys. Hydroxylapatite coatings on Ti6Al4V, Hydroxylapatite-metallic titanium powder, hydroxylapatite-titania composites were prepared via air sintering and/or hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The reaction between components was monitored with EPMA line scanning technique, XRD, and thermal analysis. EPMA analysis on the interface between the hydroxylapatite and Ti6Al4V alloy showed interdiffusion profiles of all the hydroxylapatite and alloy elements suggesting interfacial bonding. The experiments on the composites showed no significant reaction between hydroxylapatite and metallic titanium in the vacuum environment. However, a reaction occurred between hydroxylapatite and titanium oxide, which formed CaTiO3 with a perovskite structure, Ca3(PO4)2 (tri-calcium phosphate; whitlockite) and water. Presence of air in the sintering environment promoted this reaction.
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Bruck, Hugh A. "Processing-Structure-Property Relationships in Hierarchically-Structured Polymer Composites for Multifunctional Structures." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59088.
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This research focuses on elucidating on the processing-structure-property relationship in hierarchically-structured polymer composites that are being developed for multifunctional structures. This is accomplished through characterization of the transition in mechanical behavior that occurs across length scales and compositions by: (a) development of model hierarchically-structured composite materials using a combination of model nanoscale and microscale ingredients (carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and carbon microfibers (CMFs)) reinforcing a High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) thermoplastic polymer that can be extruded or solvent processed, (b) characterization and modeling of the transition compositions in the polymer nanocomposites through melt rheology, and (c) the effect of the CNF on the dynamic compressive behavior of CMF-reinforced polymer composites.
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Naghibi, Reza, and Alireza Akbarzadeh Tootoonchi. "Design and Control of a 13-DOF Biped Robot Using Human Gait." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24966.
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This paper presents a new biped humanoid robot, as well as control strategies to be implemented for walking and balance recovery. The ultimate design goal was to design the structure to be as close to a lower part of human body as possible. Therefore, golden-ratio-based human body proportions and proper number of degrees of freedom of the lower part are used [1]. The biped has 12 actuated DOE in the lower body: three at each hip, one at each knee, two at each ankle as well as 1 additional DOF at its torso. Each degree of freedom is powered by a force controllable actuator. To achieve human like trajectory, human walking data has been used [2]. To insure both stability and human like trajectory, a torque compensator is added to the one DOF at the torso. The Biped is designed in SolidWorks and simulated in SimMechanic and COSMOSMotion. The movement of the joints are achieved by motors and harmonic drives. The contact between sole and ground is considered to be elastic and is modelled using spring and damper in horizontal and vertical directions [3]. Finally, control of the biped is performed using a PID control scheme and each of the 13 motors achieve desired human like trajectory.
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Fallin, T. Wade, and Deborah L. Thurston. "Decision Decomposition for the Lifecycle of the Design Process." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0149.
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Abstract Expanding design analysis to include lifecycle considerations makes design decision making more complex. This paper presents a methodology for structuring the lifecycle of the design decision making process itself in order to efficiently utilize designers’ time. The first step involves organizing performance objectives and decision variables into a hierarchical matrix structure defining the design space. Then, vertex partitioning is performed on a graph representation of the design space to delineate distinct stages where only a subset of decision variables are analyzed. An example of the parametric design of an artificial hip illustrates the methodology.
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Khosroshahi, Maryam, Fred Barez, Amer El-Hage, and James Kao. "Dependence of Elastic Properties of Human Femoral Cortical Bone on Porosity." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52318.
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Hip fracture is one of the most serious and common health problems among elderly which may lead to permanent disability or death. Hip fracture commonly occurs in the femoral bone, the major bone in the hip joint. Microscopic age-related changes in the structure of cortical bone is one of the factors that is considered to be partially responsible for the increase of fracture risk in elderly. It is of great interest to develop a predictable model of such fractures for the aging population in preparation of a suitable therapy. These micro structural changes influence mechanical properties and, therefore, behavior of bone and are critical to understand risk and mechanics of fracture of bone. Correlation between cortical bone strength and porosity, as a microscopic structural factor, has been examined frequently as a function of age and/or porosity. These studies have investigated the effect of porosity experimentally and have not studied the effect of porosity independently from other structural factors such as bone mineral density. In this study effect of porosity on elastic properties of human femoral cortical bone was studied independently using finite element analysis assuming transversely isotropic behavior in terms of elastic properties with the axis of elastic properties along the longitudinal axis of femur shaft. In this study, published standard mechanical tests for transversely isotropic materials were simulated using finite element computer simulation on models with different porosities. The developed finite element model utilized material properties based on the best fit regression in previously published articles. Pores’ size, shape and distribution were also modeled based on previous experimental studies. The finite element model, in general, predicted behavior of five independent elastic mechanical properties, namely, longitudinal Young’s modulus, transverse poisson’s ratio, transverse shear modulus, transverse Young’s modulus and longitudinal poisson’s ratio, as a function of porosity. Furthermore, effect of porosity on the elastic properties across various age groups was investigated using published data on age-related changes in bone porosity. Mathematical models based on Finite Element Analysis results have been developed using linear least square regression. These models show negative linear relationship between studied elastic properties of human femoral cortical bone and porosity. The Finite Element Analysis results compared well with the previously published experimental data. Furthermore, the results obtained show the elastic properties as functions of age for females and males. The predicted values for elastic properties are lower for men compared to women of age 20 to 40 years old. However, after the age of 44, elastic properties of femoral cortical bone for men are higher than women. The Finite Element Model developed in this study will help to create a clinical bone model for the prediction of fracture risk or the selection of suitable therapy in orthopedic surgery.
Reports on the topic "Hip structure analysis"
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Baluk, Nadia, Natalia Basij, Larysa Buk, and Olha Vovchanska. VR/AR-TECHNOLOGIES – NEW CONTENT OF THE NEW MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11074.
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The article analyzes the peculiarities of the media content shaping and transformation in the convergent dimension of cross-media, taking into account the possibilities of augmented reality. With the help of the principles of objectivity, complexity and reliability in scientific research, a number of general scientific and special methods are used: method of analysis, synthesis, generalization, method of monitoring, observation, problem-thematic, typological and discursive methods. According to the form of information presentation, such types of media content as visual, audio, verbal and combined are defined and characterized. The most important in journalism is verbal content, it is the one that carries the main information load. The dynamic development of converged media leads to the dominance of image and video content; the likelihood of increasing the secondary content of the text increases. Given the market situation, the effective information product is a combined content that combines text with images, spreadsheets with video, animation with infographics, etc. Increasing number of new media are using applications and website platforms to interact with recipients. To proceed, the peculiarities of the new content of new media with the involvement of augmented reality are determined. Examples of successful interactive communication between recipients, the leading news agencies and commercial structures are provided. The conditions for effective use of VR / AR-technologies in the media content of new media, the involvement of viewers in changing stories with augmented reality are determined. The so-called immersive effect with the use of VR / AR-technologies involves complete immersion, immersion of the interested audience in the essence of the event being relayed. This interaction can be achieved through different types of VR video interactivity. One of the most important results of using VR content is the spatio-temporal and emotional immersion of viewers in the plot. The recipient turns from an external observer into an internal one; but his constant participation requires that the user preferences are taken into account. Factors such as satisfaction, positive reinforcement, empathy, and value influence the choice of VR / AR content by viewers.
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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.
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The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.
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Crispin, Darla. Artistic Research as a Process of Unfolding. Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.503395.
Full textAbstract:
As artistic research work in various disciplines and national contexts continues to develop, the diversity of approaches to the field becomes ever more apparent. This is to be welcomed, because it keeps alive ideas of plurality and complexity at a particular time in history when the gross oversimplifications and obfuscations of political discourses are compromising the nature of language itself, leading to what several commentators have already called ‘a post-truth’ world. In this brutal environment where ‘information’ is uncoupled from reality and validated only by how loudly and often it is voiced, the artist researcher has a responsibility that goes beyond the confines of our discipline to articulate the truth-content of his or her artistic practice. To do this, they must embrace daring and risk-taking, finding ways of communicating that flow against the current norms. In artistic research, the empathic communication of information and experience – and not merely the ‘verbally empathic’ – is a sign of research transferability, a marker for research content. But this, in some circles, is still a heretical point of view. Research, in its more traditional manifestations mistrusts empathy and individually-incarnated human experience; the researcher, although a sentient being in the world, is expected to behave dispassionately in their professional discourse, and with a distrust for insights that come primarily from instinct. For the construction of empathic systems in which to study and research, our structures still need to change. So, we need to work toward a new world (one that is still not our idea), a world that is symptomatic of what we might like artistic research to be. Risk is one of the elements that helps us to make the conceptual twist that turns subjective, reflexive experience into transpersonal, empathic communication and/or scientifically-viable modes of exchange. It gives us something to work with in engaging with debates because it means that something is at stake. To propose a space where such risks may be taken, I shall revisit Gillian Rose’s metaphor of ‘the fold’ that I analysed in the first Symposium presented by the Arne Nordheim Centre for Artistic Research (NordART) at the Norwegian Academy of Music in November 2015. I shall deepen the exploration of the process of ‘unfolding’, elaborating on my belief in its appropriateness for artistic research work; I shall further suggest that Rose’s metaphor provides a way to bridge some of the gaps of understanding that have already developed between those undertaking artistic research and those working in the more established music disciplines.