Journal articles on the topic 'Hindu Arithmetic'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Hindu Arithmetic.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 17 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Hindu Arithmetic.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Folkerts, Menso. "Early Texts on Hindu-Arabic Calculation." Science in Context 14, no. 1-2 (June 2001): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889701000023.
Full textAbstract:
This article describes how the decimal place value system was transmitted from India via the Arabs to the West up to the end of the fifteenth century. The arithmetical work of al-Khwārizmī's, ca. 825, is the oldest Arabic work on Indian arithmetic of which we have detailed knowledge. There is no known Arabic manuscript of this work; our knowledge of it is based on an early reworking of a Latin translation. Until some years ago, only one fragmentary manuscript of this twelfth-century reworking was known (Cambridge, UL, Ii.6.5). Another manuscript that transmits the complete text (New York, Hispanic Society of America, HC 397/726) has made possible a more exact study of al-Khwārizmī's work. This article gives an outline of this manuscript's contents and discusses some characteristics of its presentation.
2
Yong, Lam Lay. "The Development of Hindu-Arabic and Traditional Chinese Arithmetic." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 13, no. 1 (July 5, 1996): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-01301004.
Full text
3
Danna, Raffaele. "Figuring Out." Nuncius 36, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 5–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper focusses on the spread of Hindu-Arabic arithmetic among European practitioners. The analysis is based on an original database recording detailed information on over 1200 practical arithmetic manuals, both manuscript and printed. This database provides the most detailed reconstruction available of the European tradition of practical arithmetic from the late 13th to the end of the 16th century. The paper argues that studying this spread makes it possible to open a perspective on a progressive transmission of ‘useful knowledge’ from the ‘commercial revolution’ to the ‘little divergence’. Focussing on the transmission of practical arithmetic allows to stress the role of skills and human capital in pre-modern European economic development. Moreover, it allows to reconstruct a progressive transmission, from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, of a ‘practical knowledge’ which eventually contributed to major developments in European ‘theoretical knowledge’.
4
Brown, Peter B. "Muscovite Arithmetic in Seventeenth-Century Russian Civilization: Is It Not Time to Discard the “Backwardness” Label?" Russian History 39, no. 4 (2012): 393–459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/48763316-03904001.
Full textAbstract:
Muscovite civilization utilized Byzantine-Greek alphanumerals for its mathematical symbols. Occasionally derided by historians for being retrograde in comparison to the Hindu-Arabic numerals sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe adopted, Muscovy’s alphanumerals were versatile and suitably contoured to perform a variety of computational tasks. Muscovite alphanumerals were an integral part of early Moderen Russia’s administrative culture, and played a prominent role in fostering the experiential knowledge underlying the educational achievements of the Imperial Period. Though they lacked the zero and the decimal, Muscovites still had a reasonable grasp of the base-ten system, and comprehended well basic arithmetical skills and relationship properties, less so equational ones. The Russians developed complex abaci well suited for commercial transactions, large-scale construction, military inventories and payrolls, and the land registry, to name a few. These instruments manipulated an extensive variety of weights, measures, linear distances, area dimensions, volume measurements, and currency. Muscovite arithmetic was a prominent factor assisting in the advancement of critical thinking skills in 1600’s Russia. Nonetheless, as the seventeenth century wore on, sociological, educational or pedagogical, military scientific, administrative, and cultural arguments or interactive phenomena came to bear and increasingly found the Muscovite algorithmic symbols wanting. In 1699 the government decreed that Hindu-Arabic numerals henceforth were to be used in official documents throughout the country. Directly and indirectly, the complex thought processes bound up when operating with Muscovite alphanumerals were one impetus for the further unfolding of Russian civilization after 1700.
5
Lauber, Murray. "Casting Out Nines: An Explanation and Extensions." Mathematics Teacher 83, no. 8 (November 1990): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.83.8.0661.
Full textAbstract:
The method of casting out 9s has been used for centuries, perhaps even as long as a millenium, for checking computations with integers involving the four mathematical operations. According to Eves (1980, 160–68) it was used by Hindu-Arabic scholars in the Middle Ages. It appears to have been imbibed by Western culture as a part of the decimal system of representation of numbers. With the invention of the electronic calculator its practical value has diminished. However, it is still an intriguing application of modular arithmetic that can be generalized to arithmetic in other bases. This article explains how casting out 9s is done, examines some reasons for including it as a topic for exploration in the mathematics curriculum, and uses modular arithmetic to explore its mathematical basis and its generalizability to computations in bases other than ten. A method of detecting errors in the transmission of computer code with some affinities to its analogues is also explored.
6
León Corredor, Olga Lucía, and Dora Inés Calderón. "Bilingualism of Colombian Deaf Children in the Teaching-Learning of Mathematics in the First Year of Elementary School." Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22487085.80.
Full textAbstract:
This paper summarizes some results of the first ethnographic research study conducted in Colombia in three different elementary schools for deaf children in which bilingualism (sign-language and written-language) is starting to be emphasized. This study focuses on the teaching of mathematics in classrooms for deaf children using contexts proclaimed as bilingual. The participants in the study were first grade teachers. The analysis presented in this paper illustrates the struggles that teachers experience teaching arithmetic in such a context. The teaching of arithmetic using bilingualism requires three types of semiotic registers: sign-language and written-Spanish, and the Hindu-Arabic numeration system. The analysis indicates some puzzling teaching learning issues interweaving language and mathematics. These issues are of linguistic and communicative, social and cultural, and cognitive and pedagogical nature.
7
Lo, Steson, and Sally Andrews. "The effects of mental abacus expertise on working memory, mental representations and calculation strategies used for two-digit Hindu-Arabic numbers." Journal of Numerical Cognition 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 89–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.8073.
Full textAbstract:
In Asia, some children are taught a calculation technique known as the ‘mental abacus’. Previous research indicated that mental abacus experts can perform extraordinary feats of mental arithmetic, but it disagrees as to whether the technique improves working memory. The present study extended and clarified these findings by contrasting performance from several numerical and working memory tasks across three groups of participants: Japanese mental abacus experts, abacus-naïve Australian undergraduates, and abacus-naïve Japanese undergraduates. It also investigated whether the mental representations and strategies used to process two-digit numbers differed across the three groups. First, the results showed that the Japanese mental abacus experts only performed better when the numerical and working memory tasks involved arithmetic problems, suggesting domain-specific transfer rather than domain-general improvements to numerical processing or working memory. Second, the results suggest that the Japanese mental abacus experts were less reliant on decomposed magnitude representations, and used a processing strategy that is less sensitive to the perceptual overlap between numbers. Finally, performance was less discrepant between the Australian and Japanese abacus-naïve undergraduates than either group with the Japanese mental abacus experts, indicating that mental abacus training, rather than socio-cultural differences, was responsible for the observed group differences.
8
Elman, Benjamin A. "Jesuit Scientia and Natural Studies in Late Imperial China, 1600-18001." Journal of Early Modern History 6, no. 3 (2002): 209–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006502x00130.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractArguably, by 1600 Europe was ahead of China in producing basic machines such as clocks, screws, levers, and pulleys that would be applied increasingly to the mechanization of agricultural and industrial production. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, however, Europeans still sought the technological secrets for silk production, textile weaving, porcelain making, and large scale tea production from the Chinese. Chinese literati in turn, before 1800, borrowed new algebraic notations (of Hindu-Arabic origins), Tychonic cosmology, Euclidean geometry, spherical trigonometry, and arithmetic and trigonometric logarithms from Europe. Until 1990, Chinese elites and their Manchu rulers interpreted the transition in early modern Europe—from new forms of scientific knowledge to new modes of industrial power—on their own terms. Each side made a virtue out of the mutually contested accommodation project, and each converted the other's forms of natural studies into acceptable local conventions of knowledge. The Ming and Qing imperial court induced Jesuit calendrical, military, and land mensuration experts to work as imperial minions in the government bureaucracy to augment each dynasty's own project of political and cultural control. Consequently, it would be a historiographical mistake to underestimate Chinese efforts to master on their own terms the Western learning of the Jesuits in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries.
9
Timsina, Ashmita, Uday Kumar Thera, and Naveenkumar Ramasamy. "Phenotypic Screening of F3 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Population Resistance Associated with Sheath Blight Disease." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.2877.
Full textAbstract:
The experiment was conducted during July–December, 2019 in the Agricultural Research Farm Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. One hundred and twenty-two F3 rice populations from the cross made between IC277332 (susceptible parent)×IC277275 (moderately resistant parent) were evaluated against sheath blight disease under field conditions. The area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values categorized rice population into four groups viz., moderately resistant (24), moderately susceptible (38), susceptible (40), and highly susceptible (20). A moderate resistance level to the disease was identified during the study in 24 lines (19.6%) with a mean Percentage Disease Index (PDI) of 12.22%−36.6%. Furthermore, 38 individuals showed moderate susceptibility with AUDPC values (1012−1446 day-1). The maximum PDI and AUDPC value were 76.11 and 2325.56, and the minimum PDI and AUDPC values were 22.78 and 622.22, respectively. The principal component (PCA) biplot analysis showed 71.62% and 12.05% variation, respectively. Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) cluster analysis grouped the 122 individuals into two major clusters, A and B and sub-clusters. These findings indicated that no rice line resistant to sheath blight had been identified. However, few population lines exhibited moderate resistance, which can be utilized as donor lines to generate sheath blight-resistant rice cultivars. These findings will provide a solid basis for our future breeding and screening activities at the institution.
10
ASSAYAG, JACKIE. "Spectral Secularism: Religion, Politics and Democracy in India." European Journal of Sociology 44, no. 3 (December 2003): 325–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975603001310.
Full textAbstract:
Everyone invokes secularism in India. So the spectrum of secularism is very large. However, it is rather the spectral ideas of “majority” (hindus) and “minorities” (Muslims, Christians) conceived in demographic (rather than political) terms which characterizes the discussion of this question. The insistence of Hindu nationalists on emphasizing that they are the majority tend to blur the difference between Hindu identity and Indian identity, coextensive with the territory of India. This concept, moreover, serves them in their legitimating of the democratic system insofar as the arithmetical rule is a first principle of this political regime. In the name of a secularism founded on the idea of the greater number (and also the supposed ideal of immemorial Hindu tolerance) India must be governed in accordance with demographic fact defined in religious terms. One of the paradoxical consequence of this “majoritarianism” is the development of “majority minority complex” of the Hindus and the increasing hate and violence (against Muslims and Christians). Today, the Hindu nationalism programme effectively dominates public debate. Its partisans has succeeded in discriminating between “friends” and “foes”, those inside and those outside, those whom one holds dear and those whom one pillories on the basis of a real or imaginary menace weighing upon autochthony, culture, religion and race, and the national (state) sovereignty.
11
WARDLEY, PETER, and PAULINE WHITE. "THE ARITHMETICKE PROJECT: A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH STUDY OF THE DIFFUSION OF HINDU-ARABIC NUMERALS." Family & Community History 6, no. 1 (May 2003): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/fch.2003.6.1.002.
Full text
12
Puspadewi, Kadek Rahayu, I. Gusti Ayu Putu Arya Wulandari Wulandari, Anak Agung Inten Paraniti, and Ni Komang Safitri. "Eksplorasi STEAM Pada Sarana Upakara Tumpeng Kering." Jurnal Derivat: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika 9, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31316/jderivat.v9i2.3869.
Full textAbstract:
Dried tumpeng is one of the traditional ceremonies used by Hindus in Bali. This study aims to examine the elements of STEAM contained in dried tumpeng. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with an ethnographic design. The subject of this research is the community of entrepreneurs of dried tumpeng in Guwang Village, Sukawati District, Gianyar. The data in this study were obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data was then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusion. To get valid and objective data, triangulation method is used. The results showed that there were STEAM elements in the process of making dried tumpeng, namely the scientific element can be seen from the coloring process, adhesives and drying techniques used, the technological element can be seen from the dried tumpeng printing equipment, the machine element can be seen from the design of the printing equipment used, the art element can be seen from the various colors of the dried tumpeng, and the mathematical element can be seen from the raw production costs, income, sales, losses, and the comparison of the materials used. These STEAM elements can be used in social arithmetic learning. Students can be asked to make a project of making dried tumpeng from the beginning of manufacture, packaging to even the sales stage so that learning can be more meaningful. Keywords: Dried tumpeng, STEAM
13
Zaki, M., Putri Zulia Jati, Maulina Novita, and Rahmat Hidayat. "Karakteristik Morfometrik Kambing Lokal di Kecamatan Tambang dan Kecamatan Siak Hulu Kabupaten Kampar." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management (JES-TM) 1, no. 2 (September 19, 2022): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/jestm.v1i2.44.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the Morphometric Characteristics of Local Goats in Tambang District and Siak Hulu District, Kampar Regency. The method used in this study is the method of observation and interviews with breeders which were conducted to obtain information about local goats in Siak Hulu District and Tambang District, Kampar Regency. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, namely aged 12-36 months, female goats were not in a state of pregnancy, with a total sample of 60 heads consisting of 30 males and 30 females for each sub-district. The data collected are qualitative characteristics which include: color and pattern of coat color, ear shape and backline. Quantitative properties which include: Face Length, Ear Length, Bust, Chest Width, Inside Chest, Body Length, Shoulder Height, Hip Height, Hip Width, Front Leg Length, Length, Back Leg, Tail Length, and Body Weight. The data obtained in this study were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Based on the results of morphometric observations of the body size of male and female Kacang goats in Tambang District and Kuok District, the average length of the face, ear length, chest circumference, chest width, chest length, body length, shoulder height, hip height, hip width, leg length was obtained. front, hind legs length, tail length, and body weight were not significantly different (P>0.05).
14
Aleksandrova, O. I., A. I. Gritsuk, L. V. Eberle, I. M. Radaieva, O. V. Ustianska, and A. О. Tsisak. "Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of an ointment containing carotenoids of the hexane extract of Cladophora aegagropila." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 28, no. 1 (March 14, 2024): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2024-28(1)-03.
Full textAbstract:
Annotation. This article is dedicated to the study of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of the ointment, which contains carotenoids from the hexane extract of the algae Cladophora aegagropila. Experiments were conducted on 10 white laboratory rats weighing 150-170 g for each type of inflammation. For carrageenan-induced inflammation, the first group of animals (5 rats) was injected with carrageenan solution and did not receive therapy; to the second group of animals (5 rats) ointment with carotenoids was applied to the affected limb within 3 days of the experiment after the introduction of the phlogogen solution. No ointment was used for trypsin-induced inflammation in the first group of animals (5 rats); the second group of animals (5 rats) had an ointment with carotenoids applied to the hind limb one hour before the trypsin solution was injected into it. The evaluation of treatment results was carried out on the basis of the dynamics of changes in morphological indicators - the width and volume of the affected limb. On the model of carrageenan-induced inflammation, parameters were measured daily for 6 days of the experiment; on the model of trypsin-induced inflammation - after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 hours after the introduction of the phlogogenic agent. The analgesic effect of the ointment was studied on models of a hot plate and chemical irritation of the limbs of white mice weighing 20-22 g, 5 heads in a group. The control group of animals did not have ointment applied to their limbs before the respective irritation, the second group of animals had 2% ointment with carotenoids applied to their limbs 20 minutes before the corresponding test, the third group of animals - 2% ointment with anesthesin. According to the "hot plate" test, the latency period of the animals' pain reaction was measured, according to the "capsaicin irritation" test, the time of the manifestation of the animals' pain reaction was measured. The results of the experiments were calculated using the Microsoft Excel software package using the values of the average arithmetic value (M) and the average deviation of the average arithmetic value (m); the reliability of the differences of the obtained data relative to the control values was calculated according to the Student's criterion. It was established that carotenoid ointment exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in the treatment of developed inflammation in the carrageenan-induced edema model, inhibiting the inflammation process of the rear limb of rats during the experiment by an average of 17% in width and 34% in volume of the affected limb compared to the parameters of untreated animals. The anti-inflammatory effect of the ointment is also observed in the prevention of inflammatory reactions, which was shown on the model of trypsin-induced edema: the decrease in morphological indicators is on average during the entire experiment by 18% in width and by 27% in volume of the affected limb compared to the indicators of untreated animals. It was found that the proposed ointment, although it is inferior to the effect of the ointment with the reference drug anesthesin, but also has an analgesic effect, increasing the latent period of the pain reaction by 3 times in the “hot plate” test and reducing the time of pain manifestation by 1.6 times in the test chemical irritation. Thus, the carotenoids of Cladophora aegagropila in the composition of the ointment have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which is of interest in further studying their pharmacological action for the purpose of use in medicine.
15
Høyrup, Jens. "Fibonacci – Protagonist or Witness? Who Taught Catholic Christian Europe about Mediterranean Commercial Arithmetic?" Journal of Transcultural Medieval Studies 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtms-2014-0006.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractLeonardo Fibonacci (ca. 1170 - after 1240) during his boyhood went to Bejaïa, learned about the Hindu-Arabic numerals there, and continued to collect information about their use during travels to the Arabic world. He then wrote the Liber abbaci, which with half a century’s delay inspired the creation of Italian abbacus mathematics, later adopted in Catalonia, Provence, Germany etc. Hindu- Arabic numerals, and Arabic mathematics, was thus transmitted through a narrow and unique gate. This piece of conventional wisdom is well known - too well known to be true, indeed. There is no doubt, of course, that Fibonacci learned about Arabic (and Byzantine) commercial arithmetic, and that he presented it in his book. He is thus a witness (with a degree of reliability which has to be determined) of the commercial mathematics thriving in the commercially developed parts of the Mediterranean world. However, much evidence - presented both in his own book, in later Italian abbacus books and in similar writings from the Iberian and the Provençal regions - shows that the Liber abbaci did not play a central role in the later adoption. Romance abbacus culture came about in a broad process of interaction with Arabic non-scholarly traditions, at least until ca. 1350 within an open space, apparently concentrated around the Iberian region.
16
Kurnia, Riana Afliha Eka. "TEORI ALJABAR AL-KHAWARIZMI." JURISDICTIE, November 20, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/j.v0i0.2170.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Islam generates leaders and scientists who influence and contribute greatly to the development of science. One of them is Al-Khwarizmi who is known as a scientist in the field of mathematics. He also produced many other works in the scientific world. Field of education has demonstrated that al-Khwarizmi was a prominent Islamic scientist. His knowledge and expertise not only in the field of Shari’ah but also in the fields of philosophy, logic, arithmetic,geometry, music, arithmetic, Islamic history and chemistry. His work is very fonumental and it’s very well known, namely calculation and algebra. His prominent role in arithmatics of which he gave the cornerstone in mathematics combining arithmatichs and algebra forms and he introduced hindu’s numerical system to Europe. For his work, he is well known in moslem and westen works of knowledge. He is named as the Father of Algebra.</p> <p>Islam banyak melahirkan tokoh-tokoh dan ilmuwan yang memberi pengaruh dan kontribusi besar bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Salah satunya adalah Al-Khawarizmi dikenal sebagai ilmuwan di bidang matematika. Beliau juga banyak menghasilkan karya-karya lain dalam dunia ilmu penge- tahuan. Dalam pendidikan telah dibuktikan bahwa al-Khawarizmi adalah seorang tokoh Islam yang berpengetahuan luas. Pengetahuan dan keahliannya bukan hanya dalam bidang syari’at tapi di dalam bidang Falsafah, Logika, Aritmatika, Geometri, Musik, Ilmu Hitung, Sejarah Islam dan Kimia. Karyanya yang sangat fonumental dan sangat terkenal,di bidang matematika, yaitu mengenai perhitungan dan Aljabar. Kiprah Al-Khawarizmi yang paling menonjol memang dalam bidang Aritmatika, yaitu memberi dasar dan tonggak dalam matematika, menggabungkan bentuk-bentuk Aritmatika dan Aljabar, serta me- ngenalkan bilangan-bilangan Hindu ke benua Eropa. Atas jasanya itu beliau hingga sekarang sangat dikenal, baik di dunia ilmu pengetahuan Islam dan Barat. Atas karyanya di bidang Matematika tersebut beliau akhirnya di beri gelar Bapak Aljabar.</p> <br />
17
Grabowski, Jan, and Lea Balint. "The Diary of Hinda and Chanina Malachi." Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, December 1, 2008, 209–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32927/zzsim.81.
Full textAbstract:
This is a fragment of the diary of Hinda and Chanina Malachi, written in hiding on the “Aryan side” in Warsaw. The diary of the Malachi couple was written in Polish in a squared-paper arithmetic notebook. It covers the period between 9 October 1942 and 30 August 1944. The first part of the diary published here (until 3 August 1943), was written by Hinda and describes the fate of both spouses since they left their home in Ostrowiec and moved to Warsaw. Hinda and Chinina Malachi survived the war and in 1947 emigrated to Israel.