Academic literature on the topic 'Himalaya Mountains Region – Economic conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Himalaya Mountains Region – Economic conditions"
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Qamer, F. M., S. N. Pd Shah, M. S. R. Murthy, T. Baidar, K. Dhonju, and B. G. Hari. "Operationalizing crop monitoring system for informed decision making related to food security in Nepal." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 1325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-1325-2014.
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In Nepal, two thirds of the total population depend on agriculture for their livelihoods and more than one third of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) comes from the agriculture sector. However, effective agriculture production across the country remains a serious challenge due to various factors, such as a high degree of spatial and temporal climate variability, irrigated and rain-fed agriculture systems, farmers' fragile social and economic fabric, and unique mountain practices. ICIMOD through SERVIR-Himalaya initiative with collaboration of Ministry of Agricultural Development (MoAD) is working on developing a comprehensive crop monitoring system which aims to provide timely information on crop growth and drought development conditions. This system analyzes historical climate and crop conditions patterns and compares this data with the current growing season to provide timely assessment of crop growth. Using remote sensing data for vegetation indices, temperature and rainfall, the system generated anomaly maps are inferred to predict the increase or shortfall in production. Comparisons can be made both spatially and in graphs and figures at district and Village Developmental Committee (VDC) levels. Timely information on possible anomaly in crop production is later used by the institutions like Ministry of Agricultural Development, Nepal and World Food Programme, Nepal to trigger appropriate management response. Future potential includes integrating data on agricultural inputs, socioeconomics, demographics, and transportation to holistically assess food security in the region served by SERVIR-Himalaya.
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Rai, Raju, Yili Zhang, Basanta Paudel, and Narendra Khanal. "Status of Farmland Abandonment and Its Determinants in the Transboundary Gandaki River Basin." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 25, 2019): 5267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195267.
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Farmland abandonment is a common phenomenon worldwide, including in the Gandaki River Basin (GRB) in the central Himalayas. This study examined the status of farmland abandonment, along with its trends and determinants, based primarily on interviews with 639 households in different physiographic regions: Mountain, Hill, Tarai and Gangetic Plain (GP). Binary logistic regression was used to examine the contributions of various factors of farmland abandonment. The results indicate that nearly 48%, 15%, 4%, and 16% of total farmland (khet and bari) in the Mountain, Hill, Tarai and GP regions, respectively, has been abandoned. Such differences in the proportion of farmland abandonment among the regions are mainly due to variations in biophysical conditions, agricultural productivity, access to infrastructure facilities, off-farm employment opportunities, and the occurrence of natural hazards. The major determinants for farmland abandonment were also found to vary within the region. Distance from market centers to residence, reduction in the labor force as a result of migration, and household head age were found to be significant factors in farmland abandonment in the Mountain region. Similarly, in the Hill region, eight significant factors were identified: distance from market centers to residence, distance from residence to farmland, lack of irrigation facilities (p = 0.004), reduction in labor force (p = 0.000), household head occupation, lack of training for household head and size of bari land. Household head occupation and household head age were found to play significant roles for farmland abandonment in the Tarai region. In the GP region, distance to market centers and lack of irrigation facilities had positive relationships with farmland abandonment. It is suggested that specific policies addressing the differences in physiographic region, such as horticulture and agroforestry for the Mountain and Hill regions and crop diversification and the adaptation of drought tolerant species with improvement in irrigation systems for the GP region, need to be formulated and implemented in order to utilize the abandoned farmland and have environmental, economic, and sustainable benefits.
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Naithani, S., P. K. Champati ray, and R. C. Joshi. "A MULTI PARAMETRIC MICRO-LEVEL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR MOUNTAIN HABITAT: A CASE EXAMPLE FROM BHILANGANA BLOCK, UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYA, INDIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W8 (August 21, 2019): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w8-267-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Although vulnerability is a relatively simple concept reflecting the degree of harm or adverse impacts on an individual, group or a system due to hazards, its implementation is rather complex due to underlying social, economic and physical dimensions of vulnerability along with coping capacity. This complex problem is addressed through a multi hazard vulnerability assessment model at a smallest human habitat i.e., village level in Himalayan state of Uttarakhand, India. The model can be effectively upscaled to higher administrative levels to present a multi-scalar view of the state of vulnerability in one of the worst disaster affected regions in India. It was tested for Bhilangana block of Uttarakhand state (India) set in multi-hazard prone North-west Himalaya. The analysis included elements of population, buildings and road infrastructure measured across dimensions of physical, social and economic conditions. A total of 32 factors were used to define vulnerability; data was normalized and aggregated to obtain a single index value for each village. Each component and overall comparative vulnerability were estimated using k-means clustering, where natural clusters of villages with similar vulnerability emerged as one class. Results show that remotely located villages like Pinswar, Gainwali, Banoli and Gangi exhibit highest vulnerability to multi-hazards. Least vulnerable villages are clustered around local business or tourist centres. The results highlight the spatial variation of vulnerability and its causative factors which are crucial for introducing appropriate policy measures to strengthen villages that are high on vulnerability parameters.</p>
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Ogra, M. V., and R. Badola. "Gender and climate change in the Indian Hindu-Kush Himalayas: global threats, local vulnerabilities." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 5, no. 2 (November 11, 2014): 1491–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-5-1491-2014.
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Abstract. Global climate change has numerous implications for members of mountain communities who feel the impacts in both physical and social dimensions. In the Western Himalayas of India, a majority of residents maintain a livelihood strategy that includes a combination of subsistence or small-scale agriculture, seasonal pastoral migration, male out-migration, and localized natural resource extraction. Particularly under conditions of heavy male outmigration, but throughout the region, mountain women play a key role in providing labor and knowledge related to the management of local natural resources, yet often lack authority in related political and economic decision-making processes. This gap has important implications for addressing the impacts of climate change: while warming temperatures, irregular patterns of precipitation and snowmelt, and changing biological systems present challenges to the viability of these traditional livelihood portfolios throughout the region, mountain women increasingly face new challenges in their roles as household managers that have not adequately been emphasized in larger scale planning for climate change adaptation and mitigation. These challenges are complex in nature, and are shaped not only by gender issues but also interacting factors such as class, caste, ethnicity, and age (among others). In this paper, we review the main arguments behind the discursive gender/climate change nexus, discuss the implications for gendered vulnerabilities and transformation of adaptive capacities in the region, and suggest ways that researchers and policymakers seeking to promote "climate justice" can benefit from the incorporation of gender-based perspectives and frameworks.
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Gruber, Stephan, Renate Fleiner, Emilie Guegan, Prajjwal Panday, Marc-Olivier Schmid, Dorothea Stumm, Philippus Wester, Yinsheng Zhang, and Lin Zhao. "Review article: Inferring permafrost and permafrost thaw in the mountains of the Hindu Kush Himalaya region." Cryosphere 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2017): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-81-2017.
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Abstract. The cryosphere reacts sensitively to climate change, as evidenced by the widespread retreat of mountain glaciers. Subsurface ice contained in permafrost is similarly affected by climate change, causing persistent impacts on natural and human systems. In contrast to glaciers, permafrost is not observable spatially and therefore its presence and possible changes are frequently overlooked. Correspondingly, little is known about permafrost in the mountains of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region, despite permafrost area exceeding that of glaciers in nearly all countries. Based on evidence and insight gained mostly in other permafrost areas globally, this review provides a synopsis on what is known or can be inferred about permafrost in the mountains of the HKH region. Given the extreme nature of the environment concerned, it is to be expected that the diversity of conditions and phenomena encountered in permafrost exceed what has previously been described and investigated. We further argue that climate change in concert with increasing development will bring about diverse permafrost-related impacts on vegetation, water quality, geohazards, and livelihoods. To better anticipate and mitigate these effects, a deepened understanding of high-elevation permafrost in subtropical latitudes as well as the pathways interconnecting environmental changes and human livelihoods are needed.
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Dovbenko, Svitlana. "Mountains Unite." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 1, no. 2-3 (December 22, 2014): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.1.2-3.53-55.
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Schools in the Ukrainian Carpathian mountain region work in specific conditions. Theyhave original traditions, a special nature of learning and work. Indeed, because of a remotelocation mountain village school becomes the center for a cultural and spiritual life. Of course, it isrelated to a present social and economic situation in the country and a slow progress of society.Therefore, we need to look at mountain school with a broader angle, help it in comprehensivedevelopment of an individual and ensure an availability of quality education for children living inmountainous areas. Here we should talk about learning as well as laying the foundations for a lifesuccess. The international research project Mountain School. Status. Problems. Prospects forDevelopment. Is established to help solve these problems. Precarpathian National University is anactive member of the project
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Lal, Mohan, Vaseem Ahmad, and Kevla Nand. "A Geographical Study of Rural Out migration and Demographic Changes in Hilly State Uttarakhand." Disaster Advances 15, no. 1 (December 25, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1501da3034.
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Migration and demographic changes are the major concerns of population geography. However, in other social disciplines, different aspects of migration and demographic changes are studied based on the subject's basic principles. The present study examines linkages between rural out-migration and demographic patterns (changes) in Himalayan State Uttarakhand where subsistence agriculture constitutes the main source of food and rural livelihoods although the availability of arable land is severely limited and crop productivity is very low. The constraints of the subsistence economy and basic facilities compel a large proportion of the adult male population to out migrate from the mountain region in search of livelihoods, employment and basic requirements. Hilly region of Uttarakhand has approximately 48% population with 86.08 km2 geographical area while 52 % population of the State resides in very low geographical area which is 13.93 km2.Also, the lack of basic facilities (communication, transportation, healthcare facilities, educational and recreational facilities), changing climatic conditions and natural disasters are becoming the major reasons for outbound migration of the rural working population. As per an analysis, the rate of population growth in 11 districts of the State has rapidly increased while two regions Pauri Garhwal and Almora have noted a negative decadal growth, with Pauri Garhwal, Rudraprayag and Pithoragarh having the highest number of uninhabited villages in Uttarakhand. Generally, negative growth affects growth, the demographic composition and population distribution as well as social, cultural and economic activities.
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Gamble, Ruth. "How dams climb mountains: China and India’s state-making hydropower contest in the Eastern-Himalaya watershed." Thesis Eleven 150, no. 1 (February 2019): 42–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513619826204.
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The dam rush in the upper-Brahmaputra River basin and local, minority resistance to it are the result of complex geopolitical and parochial causes. India and China’s competing claims for sovereignty over the watershed depend upon British and Qing Dynasty imperial precedents respectively. And the two nation-states have extended and enhanced their predecessors’ claims on the area by continuing to erase local sovereignty, enclose the commons, and extract natural resources on a large scale. Historically, the upper basin’s terrain forestalled the thorough integration of this region into both nation-states, but recent technological and economic advances have enabled the two states and their agents to dramatically transformed these landscapes. Many of their projects have perpetuated the interventionist hydrological regimes that India and China also inherited from their imperial forebears. Nevertheless, as with their definition of their borders, neither state has highlighted this historical contingency. Instead, both governments have consistently presented their hydropower projects as shining examples of necessary and benevolent development. Their economy-focused, monolithic development paradigms have, not coincidently, also enabled the systemic side-lining of non-majority cultures, religions and histories. The combination of this cultural exclusion and the nation-states’ late integration of this peripheral region has laid the ground for conflict with local groups over the dam rush. Local identities and experiences have evolved around complex religious, cultural and trade networks, many of which were heavily influenced by the now-defunct Tibetan polity, rather than via modern Chinese and Indian nationalist discourses of development. The dam clashes highlight both the basin’s complex cultural matrixes and the ambiguous relationship Asia’s two most populous nation-states have with their respective imperial pasts. And as the situation remains unresolved, the watershed is an ecological catastrophe in waiting.
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Nuriyev, Mahammad, Jeyhun Mammadov, Aziz Nuriyev, and Joshgun Mammadov. "Selection of Renewables for Economic Regions with Diverse Conditions: The Case of Azerbaijan." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 2, 2022): 12548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912548.
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The objective of this paper is to study the specifics of the selection of renewables for regions of Azerbaijan with diverse conditions. Information is obtained through the analysis of the regions’ conditions and experts’ opinions. Analysis reveals that geographical position, diversity of natural resources, and a variety of other factors of the five economic regions of the country require subdivision of these regions in the selection of renewables. Given that the selection of renewables is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) task under a high degree of uncertainty, Z-number-based models have been developed, and Z-extension of the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method has been used. Solutions have been derived based on direct calculations with Z-numbers. In this paper, results obtained for two regions are presented. In the case of one region, for the first part (mountains and foothill) of the Karabakh economic region, renewables are ranked as hydro, solar, and wind. For the second part (plain), the ranking is as follows: solar, hydro, and wind. For the Guba-Khachmaz economic region, the rankings of renewables for parts of the region are also different: the wind is preferable for the seaside, and solar is more appropriate for the foothills. Results show that in the case of uneven distribution of renewables and significant differences in factors influencing decision-making, it is necessary to subdivide economic regions and use different models for the selection of renewables.
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Breiter, Karel. "800 years of mining activity and 450 years of geological research in the Krušné Hory/Erzgebirge Mountains, Central Europe." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais 9, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 105–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v9i1.540.
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For over 800 years the Krušné Hory/Erzgebirge Mountains were one of the most important European mining districts and source of Ag, Sn-W, As-Co-Ni, Pb-Zn, and U. The growth of mining activities set the conditions for the appearance of the first geological maps, printing of technical books and foundation of the first mining high school. Economic geology itself developed and established as a distinct discipline right there in the Krušné Hory/Erzgebirge Mountains. Several chemical elements, namely U, Bi, W, Rb, In, Ge, Ra, Po, were discovered in ores or minerals from that region. More recently, based on extensive research database, evolutionary models of some types of granite-related deposits were also developed in this region.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Himalaya Mountains Region – Economic conditions"
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Rusden, Sally Anne 1954. "Management of the community economic base as a strategy for economic development." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276924.
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Application of economic base analysis at a multi-level scale illustrates the usefulness of this approach to tracking and measuring the economic flows and linkages between three defined areas. A census survey of employers in six rural communities of the White Mountain Region of Arizona is used to collect employment and sales data at a high level of specificity. These data serve as the basis for bifurcation of basic and nonbasic components necessary for estimating the multiplier. Measurement of these data determine the extent of economic dependence and spatial interaction which exist between communities, and between the region and the outside world. In addition, the study refines established procedures and applies a full range of adjustments to primary and secondary data sources to produce highly refined multipliers for the region and each community.
Books on the topic "Himalaya Mountains Region – Economic conditions"
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1993), Heidelberger Südasiengespräche (4th. Nepal und die Himalaya-Region: Vierte Heidelberger Südasiengespräche. Stuttgart: F. Steiner, 1999.
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Guy, Carawan, and Carawan Candie, eds. Voices from the mountains. Athens, Ga: University of Georgia Press, 1996.
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Kozit︠s︡yn, A. A. Metallurgicheskiĭ kompleks i ego vlii︠a︡nie na ėkonomicheskui︠u︡ bezopasnostʹ regiona. Moskva: Ėkonomika, 2005.
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Contested mountains: Nature, development, and environment in the Cairngorms region of Scotland, 1880-1980. Cambridge: White Horse Press, 2001.
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1954-, Myers-Phinney Linda, ed. Shepherd of the hills country: Tourism transforms the Ozarks, 1880s-1930s. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1999.
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Removing mountains: Extracting nature and identity in the Appalachian coalfields. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010.
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McFarland, Ronald E. The Rockies in first person: A critical study of recent American memoirs from the region. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., 2008.
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The Rockies in first person: A critical study of recent American memoirs from the region. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co, Publishers, 2008.
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Managing the mountains: Land use planning, the New Deal, and the creation of a federal landscape in Appalachia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010.
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Dot com mantra: Social computing in the Central Himalayas. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Himalaya Mountains Region – Economic conditions"
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Kumar, Sanjeev. "Problems and Prospects of Agricultural Marketing in Hills of Himachal Pradesh." In Agribusiness Development Planning and Management. New Delhi Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30954/ndp.agribusiness.2020.2.
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Agricultural marketing plays a crucial role in accelerating the economic development of hill agriculture. An efficient agriculture marketing system is supposed to add to the welfare of producers as well as consumers. It helps in the optimization of resource use, output management, increase in farm incomes, widening of markets, growth of agro-based industry, addition to national income through value addition and employment creation. India is a country with diverse agro-climatic endowments; conditions under which agriculture in the plains and hills present differing scenario. The mountainous region of the country has tremendous potential or cultivation of many high valued added and rare commodities. Among the 34 million people that inhabit the Himalayan region of the country, a large percentage is of the hill farming communities. The hills of India produces a wide range of goods starting from temperate fruits to subtropical fruits but lacks infrastructure facilities due to which farmers do not get better price for their produce. Traditional agriculture is the major and dominant activity in the hill economy, which confronts multiple risks and uncertainty. The hills of Himachal Pradesh also have lots of inherent constraints related to agricultural marketing in terms of inaccessibility and remoteness, marginality and fragility, scattered land holdings, traditional mode of production, low use of modern inputs, transportation difficulty due to the difficult hilly terrain, non-availability of regulated markets, lack of proper market information and absence of post-harvest infrastructure. As we all know that hilly regions are gradually diversified in favour of fruits and vegetables, different flower plants and forest trees production but, due to scarcity of proper transportation, lack of postharvest infrastructure, under-developed supporting institutions, industries, undulating topography, lack of innovative technologies etc. the growth potential of hill agriculture is still remained unexploited. Therefore, strengthening of markets, innovative marketing techniques and boosting on-line trading can help in a big way for solving the problems of marketing in hills.
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Graulau, Jeannette. "World Mining Regions before the Rise of Modern Capitalism." In The Underground Wealth of Nations, 30–72. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300218220.003.0002.
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This chapter talks about how geology not only sets in motion the primary “law of attraction” and pulled miners into the wombs of mountains, but also how geography cultivated and turned excitement in mining into an economic force. Geography initiated the conditions for turning ore deposits into the underground wealth of Europe. The results were astonishing: the low elevations of Europe's mountains were transformed into world mining regions. The chapter describes mining regions, such as the central Alps and Lombardy that constituted a world mining region from the twelfth to the fourteenth century. Mining fields extended into the Austrian Alps and the territori montuosi that encircle Lake Lugano, between Lake Maggiore and Lake Como. Later in the fifteenth century, mining fields shifted slightly to the east, in Padova, Vicenza, Verona, Treviso, Feltre, and Belluno, north of Venice, controlled by diverse società tedesca.
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Prakash Yadav, Ram, Suresh Chandra Panday, Jitendra Kumar, Jaideep Kumar Bisht, Vijay Singh Meena, Mahipal Choudhary, Shyam Nath, Manoj Parihar, and Rajendra Prasad Meena. "Climatic Variation and Its Impacts on Yield and Water Requirement of Crops in Indian Central Himalaya." In Agrometeorology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94076.
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Climate is most important factor affecting agriculture, and issues related to climate and its implications have attracted attention of policy makers globally. The farm sector, particularly marginal ecosystems in mountains are vulnerable because of unpredictable variation and severe sink limitations. Efforts to impart resilience to farm and its allied sector are an urgent need. The climatic parameters play very important role to determine type of crops, cattle rearing and the life style adopted by the people. Moreover, weather has a significant impact on crop growth and development. Weather plays a vital role and affects the production and productivity of the crops. According to an estimate, weather contributes 67% variation in productivity and rest of the factors (soil, nutrient and management practices etc.) accounts for 33%. Therefore, there is a need of in-depth analysis of each meteorological parameters and identification of their trend over the years in order to identify and adapt suitable agriculture practices, better adaptable crops, varieties and their duration, time of field preparation, sowing time and irrigation as per the climatic conditions of the region. This will lead farming community to plan strategies of agriculture operation to obtain optimum yield. The climatic data from the meteorological observatory of ICAR-VPKAS, Hawalbagh located at mid hill condition (1250 m amsl) were analyzed for different periods (annual, seasonal, monthly, weekly). It was revealed that rainfall is decreasing over the years but significant (P < 0.05) decrease was recorded at mid hills. The maximum temperature is increasing significantly (P < 0.05) during post-monsoon and winter season however decreasing in monsoon season whereas minimum temperature is decreasing round the year. These changes in rainfall and temperatures are affecting production and productivity of the crops, as hills are largely rainfed. In terms of crop water demand, there is no need to apply irrigation during the rainy season except the transplanted rice. However, during the winter season as there is more than 60% of water deficit to irrigate the crops. The proper understanding of climate is necessary to bring sustainability in hill agriculture by adjusting crop sowing window and other operations as per suitability of the climate.
Conference papers on the topic "Himalaya Mountains Region – Economic conditions"
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Tchanidze, Ketevan, Natela Tsiklashvili, and Zeinab Surmanidze. "Economic effect of short-term period tax benefits in mountainous parts of Georgia." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.026.
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Migration processes of high mountains and population growth of cities have led to depopulation in mountainous regions, rising unemployment in the city and a had a decrease in agricultural products, ultimately provoke external migration processes. These problems are typical not only for Georgia but also for the postSoviet countries and are relevant in the global context. The purpose of the study was to identify and analyse the effects of the short-term tax privileges for the mountainous regions of Georgia. The paper is dedicated to research and quantitative analysis of the impact of tax and social benefits on improving demographic conditions and regulating internal migration processes, both in the short and long-term perspective. The research methodology was based on the statistical processing of the survey results. For quantitative research, we used a structured questionnaire, which was developed by face-to-face interviews. Approximately 500 respondents were interviewed in 79 villages of 11 communities of Khulo, the Adjara Autonomous Republic, Georgia. The study revealed that by regulating tax and social benefits, it is possible to partially manage the internal migration processes of the mountainous region in the short run, while in the long run, a complex approach to the issue is important. In the mountainous parts, tax, social and other benefits will have a positive economic effect in the short term. Increasing the amount of income for individuals and legal entities is one way to stimulate the rural economy.