Academic literature on the topic 'Hillside Mine'

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Journal articles on the topic "Hillside Mine"

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Teixeira, Marcílio Baltazar, Christianne de Lyra Nogueira, and Waldyr Lopes de Oliveira Filho. "Numerical simulation of hillside mine waste dump construction." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 65, no. 4 (December 2012): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672012000400018.

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In activities involving disposal of mine waste in a dump, it is necessary to carry out a preliminary study of the mechanical behavior of both dump and the foundation materials. Due to the complexity of this problem, numerical techniques are essential for providing an approximate answer to the problem. Thus, the finite element method (FEM) was used to evaluate the stress-strain-strength behavior of a hillside waste dump built on a deformable foundation by the ascending method; the results of which are herein presented. The dump material is considered to be Morh-Coulomb nonlinear elastic perfectly plastic while the foundation material is considered to be linear elastic. The numerical simulation of mine waste dump construction is carried out by the "gravity turn on" technique and the dynamic mesh procedure. Different geometric configurations are analyzed and it is concluded that some requirements established by law should be reviewed and refined.
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Szychowska-Krąpiec, Elżbieta. "Dendrochronological Studies of Wood from Mediaeval Mines of Polymetallic Ores in Lower Silesia (Sw Poland)." Geochronometria 26, no. -1 (January 1, 2007): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10003-007-0004-3.

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Dendrochronological Studies of Wood from Mediaeval Mines of Polymetallic Ores in Lower Silesia (Sw Poland)The paper presents results of dendrochronological dating of wood encountered in abandoned mines in the eastern part of Lower Silesia. The research was carried out in gold mines in Złoty Stok, Głuchołazy, and Zlate Hory, a polymetallic-ore mine in Marcinków as well as old mines in the Sowie Mts: the Silberloch adit, an adit on the hillside of Mała Sowa, a graphite mine, and the silver and lead mine Augusta. Altogether 69 samples were taken from timbers of coniferous tree species:Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba, Picea abiesandLarix decidua.The oldest wood, from the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was encountered in the gold mines in Zlate Hory and Głuchołazy. In the gold mine in Złoty Stok, graphite mine in Sowie Mts and in Marcinków there was identified wood from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Generally, timbers from the nineteenth century were prevailing, and in three cases there was even encountered relatively young twentieth-century wood in the gold mine in Złoty Stok and in the Silberloch adit. The analyses carried out were only preliminary. Broader, interdisciplinary investigations, including dendrochronology, archaeology, geology, mining, and palaeobotany, would substantially contribute for learning the history of the mining in the whole region.
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Figueiredo, Vila, Fiúza, Góis, Futuro, Dinis, and Martins. "A Holistic Approach in Re-Mining Old Tailings Deposits for the Supply of Critical-Metals: A Portuguese Case Study." Minerals 9, no. 10 (October 17, 2019): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9100638.

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Demand growth for metallic minerals has been faced with the need for new techniques and improving technologies for all mining life-cycle operations. Nowadays, the exploitation of old tailings and mine-waste facilities could be a solution to this demand, with economic and environmental advantages. The Panasqueira Mine has been operating for more than a century, extracting tungsten and tin ore. Its first processing plant, “Rio”, was located near the Zêrere river, where mineral-processing residues were deposited on the top hillside on the margin of this river in the Cabeço do Pião tailings dam. The lack of maintenance and monitoring of this enormous structure in the last twenty years represents a high risk to the environment and the population of the surrounding region. A field-sample campaign allowed the collection of data, and resulted from laboratory tests to use regression optimization. Re-mining the tailings by hydrometallurgical methods was considered to satisfy the two conditions of metal demand and environmental risk. The metal content in Cabeço do Pião was shown be enough for environmental restoration. The re-mining solution was studied, taking into account the technical, economic, social, and environmental aspects.
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Chen, Y. J., Z. G. Chang, X. H. Chao, and J. F. Zhao. "Blasting methods for heterogeneous rocks in hillside open-pit mines with high and steep slopes." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 213 (June 2017): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/213/1/012006.

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Hunter, J. F. M. "Seeing Dimensionally." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 3 (September 1987): 553–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1987.10716453.

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John Locke:When we set before our eyes a round globe of uniform colour, v.g. gold, alabaster or jet, it is certain that the idea thereby imprinted in our mind is of a flat circle, variously shadowed, with several degrees of light and brightness coming to our eyes. But we having, by use, been accustomed to perceive what kind of appearance convex bodies are wont to make in us, what alterations are made in the reflections of light by the difference of the sensible figures of bodies: the judgment presently, by an habitual custom, alters the appearances into their causes.H.H. Price:…. a distant hillside which is full of protuberances, and slopes upwards at quite a gentle angle, will appear flat and vertical…. . This means that the sense-datum, the colour expanse which we sense, actually is flat and vertical.
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Spangler, Lawrence. "Ricks Spring." Geosites 1 (December 31, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/geosites.v1i1.64.

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Ricks Spring is one of several major karst springs that discharge along the Logan River in the Bear River Range in Cache County, Utah. The spring is located along U.S. Highway 89 in Logan Canyon about 17 miles (27.4 kilometers) northeast of (up-canyon from) the city of Logan, at mile marker 477. It lies within Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest at an elevation of 5880 feet (1792 meters). Situated at the base of a hillside, the spring is one of the largest and most scenic along the Logan River (figure 1). Water from the spring flows out of a large alcove, under Highway 89, and into the Logan River, about 150 feet (45 meters) from the spring. Pullouts on both sides of the highway provide parking for visitors to the spring, and a boardwalk crosses the spring run, which allows access to the rise pool in the alcove. Several signs at the spring provide information about its history and hydrology. Ricks Spring typically flows during the spring, summer, and fall months, but can have periods of no flow during the winter months, particularly during extended periods of cold weather. During these times, the water in the rise pit recedes to a small pool of standing water that can contain fish, which presumably originate from the nearby Logan River. During the last 10 years, cave divers have explored the conduit that feeds the spring for about 2300 feet (700 meters) into the mountainside.
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Zhang, Zejun, Fuwen Wei, Ming Li, Baowei Zhang, Xuehua Liu, and Jinchu Hu. "Microhabitat separation during winter among sympatric giant pandas, red pandas, and tufted deer: the effects of diet, body size, and energy metabolism." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-129.

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The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca (David, 1869)), red panda (Ailurus fulgens F.G. Cuvier, 1825), and tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus Milne-Edwards, 1872) are endemic to the Himalayan Hengduan Mountains; the red panda extends into India, Burma, Bhutan, and Nepal, and the tufted deer extends marginally into Burma, while the giant panda is endemic to China. In Sichuan Province, uniquely, all three species occur sympatrically. We investigated microhabitat characteristics at 150 fecal-group sites from November 2002 to March 2003 to improve understanding of microhabitat separation among the three species at the Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve, Baoxing County, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China. Density and height of bamboo were greater in the giant and red pandas' micro habitats than in those of the tufted deer. The red panda preferred microhabitats with greater tree-stump density, smaller trees, and shorter fallen log dispersion distance than the other two species. Tufted deer often occurred at sites with greater shrub density and herb cover and more open land with poorer concealment conditions than sites where the two panda species occurred. Both pandas' microhabitats were mostly concentrated on the upper hillside, unlike those of the tufted deer. The giant panda preferred microhabitats with a gentler slope and lower density of fallen logs. Selection of specific microhabitats by each species is an ecological adaptation dependent on behavior linked to its diet, body size, energy metabolism, and other factors. Microhabitat separation among these species reflects the integrated effects of their differences in diet, body size, and energy metabolism, which could facilitate their successful coexistence.
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Sebe, Krisztina, Zoltán Szentesi, Piroska Pazonyi, Gergely Surányi, and Gábor Csillag. "A late Pleistocene fossiliferous paleokarst site in the Western Mecsek Mts (Bükkösd, SW Hungary)." Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica 37 (2021): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17111/fragmpalhung.2021.37.127.

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In the framework of a project studying the karst region of the Western Mecsek Mts in 2018–19, a new paleokarst cavity containing abundant vertebrate remains was found near the village of Bükkösd, extending the sparse Quaternary vertebrate record of the region. Th e herpetofauna is represented by a salamandrid, a true frog, lacertid lizards and colubrid snakes, the latter dominating the vertebrate material. Th e poor mammal material shows that the area was inhabited by insectivores, bats, mice, hamsters and voles. Th e vertebrate remains show no signs of long transport. Th e composition of the total vertebrate fauna suggests a sunny, rocky hillside with scrub and trees in places in the immediate vicinity of the accumulation site. Th e age of the charcoal recovered from the cavity fi ll (41–42 ka) suggests that the fauna is late Pleistocene (MIS 3), this makes the assemblage the fi rst proven MIS 3 fauna in southern Hungary. Th e re-evaluation of the paleokarstrelated fossil material previously reported from the Mecsek revealed a further assemblage probably also of MIS 3 age, the Mélyvölgy Rock shelter. Th e palaeoclimate reconstructed from the palaeoecological analysis of the faunas is warmer than that from coeval sites in northern Hungary, with more closed (forested) vegetation than the northern mammoth steppes. Th is refers to the existence of a north-south thermal gradient in the Carpathian Basin at the time. Th e U-series dating of speleo thems showed that the karst cavity had existed for more than 0.5 Ma. During MIS 3, the cavity stopped to be part of an active karst conduit and it was fi lled up by loess-derived silt. Th e site was lying above the karst water table then, and it may have acted as a trap either for the live animals or for the bones deposited on the surface. With 25 figures and 3 tables.
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Hycnar, Elżbieta. "Structural-textural nature and sorption properties of limestones from the mesozoic-neogene contact zone in the Bełchatów deposit." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2015-0033.

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Abstract Limestones of the Jurassic age are one of the most important minerals accompanying the Bełchatówlignite deposits. They are part of the Bełchatów and Szczerców rock subsoil complex and form natural hillsides of exploitation fields, which are gradually being exposed due to the progressive exploitation of coal. So far in Bełchatów Lignite Mine nearly 2 million tonnes of limestones have been extracted, which were used in the form of highway aggregate. For the extraction (mineral recovery) approx. 2 million tonnes remained in the Bełchatów field and from 20 to nearly 70 million tonnes in the Szczerców field. The limestones occurring in the deposit Bełchatów are differential qualitatively. Those situated in direct contact with Neogene deposits are characterized by strong karstification (karst formation), and even occur in the form of detrital minerals. Furthermore, they are covered by processes of secondary mineralization. These processes caused significant diversity of phase and chemical composition, and thereby have contributed to reducing the CaCO3 content. Despite this, limestones from the Mesozoic-Neogene contact zone possess excellent sorption properties in respect of SO2 in conditions of fluidised furnaces. These properties are determined firstly by their structural-textural nature, and above all with the presence of calcite sparite crystals in microcrystalline groundmass, of micropores, tectonic discontinuities, fracturings and compaction slits. With their presence, both decarbonatization and sorption processes proceed effectively. The CO2 particles are quickly removed from the structures of calcite crystals, and SO2 is able to penetrate into the interior of the sorbent grains where are absorbed on the inner surface of pores arising as a result of the decarbonatization process. These characteristic structural and textural properties of the surveyed limestones have been shaped at the diagenesis and epigenesis stage. This contributed to all chemical and mechanical compaction and cementation processes, as well as the dissolution and recrystallization processes. Despite the low CaCO3 content limestones from the Mesozoic-Neogene contact zone can be successfully used in the form of sorbents to reduce SO2 emissions in conditions of fluidised furnaces.
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Anatov, D. M. "Phenetic analysis of natural apricot populations in the Mountainous Dagestan for endocarp (stone) features." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 180, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-1-89-94.

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Background. Studying the intraspecies diversity of fruit crop wild relatives is one of the leading trends in botanical and genetic resource research associated with identification and utilization of the phenotypic potential of the population and species, the initial stage in plant breeding and introduction processes, and a prerequisite to solving a number of problems posed by the theory of microevolution, biosystematics and population biology. Currently, large tracts of wild apricot populations (Prunus armeniaca L. = Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.) have been preserved in Central Asia, China and Dagestan. The natural populations of apricot in the Mountainous Dagestan are spread along the valleys of the Avar Koysu, Andi Koysu, Kazikumukh Koysu and Kara Koysu rivers, at altitudes of 350–1500 m ASL, and (sporadically) over the southern slopes – up to 1900 m ASL. They prefer crushed limestone hillsides, where they form the so-called ‘apricot savannah’, rarely assembling into dense massifs. With this in mind, it seems theoretically and practically interesting to evaluate various forms in the diversity of natural apricot populations in the Mountainous Dagestan, with qualitative traits of their endocarp (stone) as a target.Materials and methods. To analyze the diversity of endocarp (stone) forms in natural apricot populations under the conditions of the Mountainous Dagestan, three model cenopopulations (CPs) were selected: in Gunibsky District, along the Kara Koysu (Lower Keger Vlg., 900–1200 m ASL) and Bagdakuli rivers (Salta Vlg., 900–1100 m ASL), and in Levashinsky District, along the Kazikumukh Koysu river (Burtanimakhi Vlg., 1000–1200 m ASL). Stones were collected along the slopes by using transect itineraries. Morphological description of endocarps was made for 328 trees according to 11 qualitative features by standard techniques.Results. A comparative analysis of natural apricot populations showed high variation in the size and shape of the endocarp. Five classes were identified for stone size; of these, the very small (37.8%) and small (37.5%) types had the highest percentage. There were seven types of the endocarp’s shape (rounded, ellipsoid, ovoid, oblong, prolate, teardrop-shaped, and semicordate). Ovoid or rounded shape was observed in an overwhelming majority of apricot trees: their share was 65.3% of the total diversity. Correlation analysis of the endocarp’s features revealed credible positive correlations between the traits (1) ‘keel height’ and ‘rib width’, and (2) ‘lateral rib type’ and ‘rib width’. Creditable negative correlations were found for the trait ‘keel pattern’ with ‘lateral rib type’ and ‘keel height’.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hillside Mine"

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Pohrib, R. "Exploration geomicrobiology – developing bio-indicator technology for mineral exploration." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/104029.

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Geomicrobiology is a relatively new approach for mineral exploration research; it shows promise as a means of enabling researchers to cheaply and quickly categorise microbes based on specific factors (geochemistry, underlying geology, regolith landforms, land-use, sample depth, geophysics (magnetic survey) and mineralisation). The research site is located at the Hillside IOCG-style deposit, Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. Above the zone of mineralisation and from background areas, DNA was extracted from the surface (0.03 m) and sub-surface (0.03 – 0.5 m) soils. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (tRFLP) and multivariate statistical methods (nmMDS, CAP, Permanova, RELATE) were employed to analyse the relative similarities between soil communities of bacteria, fungi and archaea. The results of the experiment demonstrate that microbial community composition of the Hillside site can be linked to site relevant factors such as geochemistry, underlying geology, regolith landforms, land-use, sample depth, geophysics and mineralisation. Primarily, land-use and depth stand out as being the major factors driving microbial communities of bacteria and fungi (P < 0.05), with archaea showing no significant effect. Genetic richness was highest in bacteria and fungi surface soil samples. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in microbial communities between the different factors. Geochemistry and biological data sets can be linked together (RELATE). Non-metric multidimensional scaling was not sufficient to elucidate difference in factors between populations. However, using constrained canonical analysis of principal co-ordinates differences become evident. Geophysics, mineralisation and geology displayed some promising results but further research is needed to gain a better understanding of the interaction of these factors with microbes
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2010
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Books on the topic "Hillside Mine"

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Schor, Horst J. Landforming: An environmental approach to hillside development, mine reclamation and watershed restorationn. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

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Schwarz, Ted. The hillside strangler: A murderer's mind. London: Xanadu, 1991.

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Schwarz, Ted. The hillside strangler: A murderer's mind. London: Xanadu, 1990.

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W, Price Jesse, Gardner Theodore Roosevelt, and United States. Bureau of Mines., eds. Reactivity in the South Spoils and Hillside Dump at the Midnite Mine. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1996.

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W, Price Jesse, Gardner Theodore Roosevelt, and United States. Bureau of Mines, eds. Reactivity in the South Spoils and Hillside Dump at the Midnite Mine. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1996.

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Reactivity in the South Spoils and Hillside Dump at the Midnite Mine. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1996.

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Schor, Horst J., and Donald H. Gray. Landforming: An Environmental Approach to Hillside Development, Mine Reclamation and Watershed Restoration. Wiley, 2007.

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The Hillside Strangler: A Murderer's Mind. Vivisphere Publishing, 2001.

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Collection, State of Mind. Sudoku Genius Mind Exercises Volume 1: Hillside, Colorado State of Mind Collection. Independently published, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hillside Mine"

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Chen, Yajun, Fa Dong, Xinyu Geng, Xiaojie Bai, and Yanbin Wang. "Research on Blasting Technical Scheme of Hillside Open-Pit Mine with Heterogeneous and Complex Rock Mass." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220406.

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In order to reduce the large rocks produced by blasting of hillside open-pit mine with heterogeneous and complex rock mass in arid area, based on the lithology characteristics of complex rock mass of the Dabancheng Limestone Hillside Open-pit Mine in Hongshun, Xinjiang, the key technology for blasting in homogeneous and complex rock mass hillside open-pit mine is proposed in this paper. We can conclude from the experiment that (1) it is preferable to have a detonation network that realizes multi-stage millisecond differential, multiple combinations of detonating unit forms, and variable blast hole connection lines; (2) the blasting parameters, charge structure and millisecond interval are optimized to make the blasting efficiency to be effective continually; (3) the radial tensile stress of reflected tensile wave is enhanced and the rock breaking mechanism of heterogeneous complicated rock mass is revealed.
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Usher, Phillip John. "Demonic Mines." In Exterranean, 99–112. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284221.003.0006.

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This chapter shifts attention from the hillsides to the shafts and galleries that miners hollow out underground. Via a close reading of Agricola’s De animantibus subterraneis (On Subterranean Creatures) and of sections of De re metallica not discussed in the previous chapter, as well as works by French writer François Garrault and by Paracelsus, this chapter asks if it is possible to understand “belief” in mining spirits as colluding with the chemical realities and medical dangers for humans connected with extracting matter. From this section, it thus emerges that for early modern humanists extraction of matter ex terrawas never just a question of human agents yielding extractive and controlling mastery over inanimate hillsides and underground rock faces.
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Thomson, Peter. "On the Trail with Pod Boy and Monkey Mind." In Sacred Sea. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195170511.003.0014.

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We are stretched out along the Holy Nose trail, the five of us, clinging to the steep hillside above Chivyrkuysky Gulf. The trail has narrowed even further, and it struggles to get around big trees and through thick brush. Andrei is ahead, as usual, but not as far as before and at a more relaxed pace. Elisa and Chanda walk together, talking. James and I walk separately, not talking. Not not talking as in pissed off at each other not talking, just not talking as in keeping our thoughts to ourselves and being alone here not talking, which we both do a lot. Baikal inspires many things in many people, but it has not yet inspired in either of us the gift of gab. Halfway around the world, cut loose from everything and everyone we’ve ever known, we’re still the same old us—both reserved, contemplative, a little anxious, and more than a little self-conscious. We both have a hard time letting loose and opening up. We are eighteen years apart, we’re only half-brothers, but we’re very much alike, in ways that I’m only now beginning to recognize. In the early part of the trip, James played around with the recording equipment I’d brought, and when I listened back to his recordings later I was stunned to find that sometimes I couldn’t tell who was talking—him or me. And I’m a radio journalist, a guy who listens to his own voice for a living. I should know who’s me and who isn’t. It was more than weird. James and I had different mothers and separate childhoods, but listening to these recordings, I realized that our voices have the same tone and cadence, that we use the same peculiar idioms and even stop and start our conversations in the same way. That we don’t just talk alike but that in some basic ways we clearly even think alike. I still can’t figure out how this happened, but it’s probably why this joint venture is working so well. I would not have done this trip alone, and I don’t think I could have done it with anyone other than James.
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Douglas, Ian. "The Urban Geomorphology of Kuala Lumpur." In The Physical Geography of Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199248025.003.0032.

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The city of Kuala Lumpur, lying at the junction of the hills of the Main Range (Banjaran Titiwangsa) of Peninsular Malaysia and the coastal plain, has many of the environmental problems that beset the urban areas of Southeast Asia. It has to cope with heavy, intense rainfalls, frequent local nuisance flooding, unstable hillsides, complex foundation conditions, and the impacts of mining and construction activities. The citizens, engineers, and planners of Kuala Lumpur have had to find ingenious solutions in order to live in harmony with their environment. While careful investigation and skilful applications of science and technology has overcome many of the problems, others remain unresolved. The persistent problems arise because the links, and thus responsibilities, associated with changes in one place and impacts elsewhere are not acknowledged and the available understanding of hydrologic and geomorphic systems is not applied. Founded by Kapitan China Yap Ah Loy at the confluence of the Gombak and Klang Rivers in 1857 as a tin-mining settlement (Gullick 1983), Kuala Lumpur quickly outgrew its floodplain and fluvial terrace site to spread onto the adjacent hills. The British resident, Captain Bloomfield Douglas, moved his headquarters to Kuala Lumpur from Klang in 1880 and soon after built his official residence on the hill to the west of the Gombak River, where the prime minister’s residence now stands. So began a tradition of the elite living on the hills which has persisted to the present day. In December 1881 the new township and the surrounding tin mines were hit by floodwaters (Gullick 1983), so establishing the problem of living with fluvial extremes which still besets the city. Virtually every wet season in the first eighty years of Kuala Lumpur’s existence brought some flooding to the town. The river channels became choked with silt carried down from the mines upstream (Gullick 1983). Record rainfall in December 1926 led to a flood 1 m deep in the town centre. After the floods, a new, wider channel, with a double trapezoidal cross-section was built through the town centre. These works enabled a major flood in 1930 to pass through the town without causing any damage (Gullick 1983).
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Conference papers on the topic "Hillside Mine"

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Lee, Petra, Collette Tse, Francis Lee, Geoffrey Pook, and Kevin Styles. "Digital Classification of Anthropogenic Features for Natural Terrain Hazard Assessment in the Quasi-natural Heritage Landscape of the Lin Ma Hang Lead Mine." In The HKIE Geotechnical Division 42nd Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.133.29.

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Much of the Hong Kong landscape consists of densely vegetated steep hillside and may give the impression of natural terrain untouched by man-made activities. However, much evidence of old human activities occurs in our vegetated landscape. The old lead mine workings in the Lin Ma Hang district of the northeast New Territories form a significant industrial heritage site now hidden by dense vegetation. Extensive old anthropogenic activities are seen in site reconnaissance. Most of the man-made features were formed during the mining period (1860-1960) and the WWII (1941-45) occupation of the mine site. Some features have more obscure origins associated with cycles of agricultural activity and settlement of more than 1000 years. The unique and diverse nature of the Lin Ma Hang hillsides provides an ideal case study to demonstrate the benefits of systematic assessment of anthropogenic features in Natural Terrain Hazard Assessment. Some of these man-made features may create impacts as potential adverse Hillside Pocket scenarios and require inventory and classification during natural terrain hazard and other geotechnical studies (Ho & Roberts, 2016). Over the past decade, the application of airborne LiDAR data for site characterization has grown significantly, in part due to advances in handling of very large data sets. Through 3D topographic models using LiDAR in combination with visual data, landforms are revealed and terrain classification is enhanced allowing identification of anthropogenic features of varying scale and origin within their geomorphological setting. The authors discuss the application of a digitally aided approach for terrain mapping with emphasis on the identification and classification of anthropogenic features based on size, type, origin, material, extent and location. These are classified within a Hong Kong-based framework of an 80 class classification following from Styles & Law (2012).
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