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1
Haryono, Wasis. "Comparison Encryption of How to Work Caesar Cipher, Hill Cipher, Blowfish and Twofish." Data Science: Journal of Computing and Applied Informatics 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jocai.v4.i2-4004.
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Security is the level of confidentiality of data stored using cryptography. There are many ways you can do to improve security. In this study, the writer will use a method by encrypting the database with the Caesar Cipher Algorithm, Hill Cipher and Blowfish. Caesar Cipher, Hill Cipher and Blowfish are part of the symmetric algorithm, which means that the encryption and decryption process have the same key. The encryption and decryption process in Caesar Cipher, Hill Cipher and Blowfish Algorithms each has one key. algorithm encryption techniques using symmetric passwords have 2 types, namely block ciphers and stream ciphers. Caesar Cipher, Hill Cipher and Blowfish and Twofish Algorithms are the encryption of the block cipher that breaks or creates blocks to encrypt and obtain cipher text. Result in this paper In Caesar Cipher, it is carried out like 3 blocks of encryption. Whereas in Hill Cipher a word is divided into several blocks and each block is encrypted. In Blowfish, several iterations are performed to get the text cipher, the input is 64 bits of data that can be done as many as 16 iterations. In Twofish the input is 128 bits, in contrast to Blowfish which is only 64 bits, Twofish can also accept 256 bits long and do 16 iterations to get the cipher text. Twofish has stronger security than the 3 algorithms above, Twofish also takes up more memory and takes longer to encrypt.
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Zhao, Liang, Yijie Zhang, Yiting Li, Zichao Feng, and Yuetao Wang. "Correlations of Spatial Form Characteristics on Wind–Thermal Environment in Hill-Neighboring Blocks." Sustainability 16, no. 5 (March 6, 2024): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16052203.
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The spatial forms of hill-neighboring blocks and the wind–thermal environment are crucial components of urban planning and urban ecology. Understanding their correlation is significant for creating a healthy community and enhancing the sustainable level of buildings and their systems. Therefore, Jinan, a multi-mountainous city in China, is taken as the research area, and the ideal model of hill-neighboring blocks is built based on categories of all these block types by aerial imagery and a semantic segmentation algorithm. Then, we use the CFD simulation software PHOENICS and the evaluation system weighted by random forest to simulate and assess the wind–thermal environment. Ultimately, the correlations and specific mathematical equations between the spatial form indicators and wind–thermal environment are obtained by a parametric method. The results demonstrate that the interface density on the near-hill side and hill surface roughness are the most related indicators to the overall wind–thermal environment. The variation in block spatial form has the most distinct influence on the proportion of breeze area and PMV. The relationship determined herein can provide strategic recommendations for decision makers for optimizing the outdoor air flow of blocks and enhancing the thermal comfort of pedestrians, which helps to create a healthy and comfortable outdoor environment in multi-mountainous cities.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler, and S. P. Marsh. "A comparison of feed blocks or compound supplementary feeding systems for twin-bearing ewes during pregnancy and lactation." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200593715.
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The feeding of ewes in late pregnancy is critically important because this is a period of high foetal growth rate. Feed blocks have been used to replace compound feeds in both hill and upland flocks but there is limited information available on block-feeding to lowland flocks.To evaluate the replacement of trough-feeding with self-help feed blocks, for housed ewes fed good quality grass silage during late pregnancy, and to lactating ewes at grass.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler, and S. P. Marsh. "A comparison of feed blocks or compound supplementary feeding systems for twin-bearing ewes during pregnancy and lactation." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600031421.
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The feeding of ewes in late pregnancy is critically important because this is a period of high foetal growth rate. Feed blocks have been used to replace compound feeds in both hill and upland flocks but there is limited information available on block-feeding to lowland flocks.To evaluate the replacement of trough-feeding with self-help feed blocks, for housed ewes fed good quality grass silage during late pregnancy, and to lactating ewes at grass.
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Merrell, B. G., and J. J. Hyslop. "An evaluation of molassed sugar beet feed and distillers barley dark grains as concentrate supplements for out-wintered single-bearing hill ewes during late pregnancy." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600027501.
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Supplementing hill ewes during late pregnancy with hay plus self-help feed-blocks is an established feeding system. However, there is considerable individual and seasonal variation in feed-block intake (Lippert and Milne, 1986) which can limit their effectiveness. This experiment evaluated an alternative system for supplementing hill ewes, during late pregnancy (6 weeks before lambing), based on molassed sugar beet feed (MSBF).One hundred and eighteen single-bearing Swaledale ewes were allocated to one of two treatments; 1. Control - supplemented with hay plus feed-blocks (HB), 2. Supplemented initially with MSBF (nuts), being replaced by a blend (50:50 fresh weight basis) of MSBF and pelleted distillers barley grains (BDG) (MSBF/BDG).The experiment commenced on 18 February 1993. Hay feeding was restricted to 300 g/head/day (HB). High energy (HE) and extra high energy (EHE) feed-blocks, were offered free access (at a rate of one block per 20 ewes). MSBF and MSBF/BDG were fed at a flat rate of 375 g/head/day. HE and MSBF were fed between 18 February and 26 March, being replaced by EHE and MSBF/BDG between 27 March and 10 May. Crude protein (g/kg dry matter (DM)) and metabolisable energy (MJ/kg DM) values were 144 and 9.2; 174 and 9.4; 178 and 10.2; 108 and 12.5; 174 and 12.8 for hay, HE, EHE, MSBF and MSBF/BDG respectively. The ewes were out-wintered on hill grazings.
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Abdellah, Abid, Hicham Rrghout, Mourad Kattass, Abdellatif Jarjar, and Abdellhamid Benazzi. "big S-Boxes for Deeply Improved Hill Image Coding." International Journal of Advanced Science and Computer Applications 3, no. 1 (November 8, 2023): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47679/ijasca.v3i1.42.
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This paper introduces a novel approach to encrypt color images, utilizing multiple chaotic maps and working with any size pixel blocks. The encryption procedure commences by converting the original image into a vector, which is then divided into equal dimension subblocks. These blocks undergo a new Vigenère transformation, employing two large dynamic substitution tables interconnected by an enhanced Hill operation using a large invertible matrix generated from a pseudo-random table, controlled by another binary dynamics table. Additionally, the truncated block undergoes the same encryption process using another pseudo-random invertible matrix. To evaluate the effectiveness and resilience of our algorithm, we conducted numerous simulations on randomly selected images of varying sizes and formats from diverse databases.
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PUNDIR, R. K., P. K. SINGH, D. SHARMA, A. SAINI, C. V. SINGH, and B. PRAKASH. "Hill cattle of Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 82, no. 12 (December 13, 2012): 1591–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v82i12.25703.
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The Pithoragarh district had 2.23 lakh of cattle and 0.86 lakh buffaloes in 2003. Among the cattle there were 92.81% indigenous and most of them (more than 99%) were non- descript and need their characterization. A survey, including 82 farmers and 194 animals of different age and sex was conducted in 8 villages of Munsyari block of Pithoragarh district to characterize the hill cattle. The survey revealed that large number of hill cattle were available in the remote areas like in Munsyari block of the district and in surrounding areas there were large number of crossbred cattle mainly reared for milk production. In the surveyed area cattle were reared for milk, bullock power and manure. Animals were reared mainly on semi-intensive system of management i.e. grazing from morning to afternoon and thereafter stall feeding. In some villages there were no grazing, all the animals were stall fed. Animals were small in size with cylindrical-shaped body. Body colours vary in different colours i.e. brown, black and white or black & white. Tail was long touching to ground with black or white switch. The ranges of different biometric traits showed that animals were closer to Vechur and Punganaur breeds of cattle for their shape and size but smaller than the Hariana and Sahiwal breeds of cattle. The hill cattle available in Pithoragarh area were smaller in size as compared to hill cattle of Almora and bigger to that of cattle of Rudarprayag district. The average birth weight was 9.14 kg The average age at first calving, daily milk yield, lactation length, dry period, service period and calving interval were 40 months, 1.41 kg, 208 days, 138 days, 105 days and 485 days, respectively. Bullocks of the breed were used for 25–40 days in a year for different agricultural operations. A pair of bullock could plough about 6–8 Nali (0.4 acre) of land in a day.
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Islam, T., and MA Salam. "Effect of number of seedlings hill-1 on the yield and yield contributing characters of short duration Aman rice cultivars." Progressive Agriculture 28, no. 4 (April 12, 2018): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v28i4.36367.
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The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from July to October 2016 to study the effect of age of seedling on the yield and yield contributing characters of short duration Aman rice cultivars. The study consisted two factor A: Variety- three- i) BINA dhan7 (V1), (ii) BRRI dhan56 (V2) and (iii) BRRI dhan62 (V3); and factor B: Number of seedlings hill-1- (i) Single seedling hill-1 (S1), (ii) Two seedlings hill-1 (S2) and (iii) Three seedlings hill-1 (S3). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest grain yield was obtained from the cultivar BINA dhan7 which was statistically identical with BRRI dhan56 and this was the consequences of higher number of total and effective tillers hiil-1 and highest number of grains panicle-1. Grain yield was not significantly affected by the number of seedlings hill-1 but numerically the highest grain yield was recorded from single seedling hill-1. From the interaction it is observed that grain yield was not significantly affected by the interaction of cultivar and number of seedlings hill-1. But numerically the highest grain yield was recorded from the interaction of BRRI dhan56 × single seedling hill-1. From the economic analysis it is observed that the highest BCR (1.64) was recorded from single seedling hill-1 in BRRI dhan56 which was close to single seedling hill-1 in BINA dhan7 and the lowest BCR (103) was obtained from two seedlings hill-1 in BRRI dhan62. From the results of the study it may be concluded that BRRI dhan56 with single seedling hill-1 might be cultivated in AEZ-9 for obtaining higher yield and higher economic return in Aman season.Progressive Agriculture 28 (4): 279-286, 2017
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Saverino, Kelly C., Emily Routman, Todd R. Lookingbill, Andre M. Eanes, Jeremy S. Hoffman, and Rong Bao. "Thermal Inequity in Richmond, VA: The Effect of an Unjust Evolution of the Urban Landscape on Urban Heat Islands." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031511.
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The urban heat island (UHI) effect is caused by intensive development practices in cities and the diminished presence of green space that results. The evolution of these phenomena has occurred over many decades. In many cities, historic zoning and redlining practices barred Black and minority groups from moving into predominately white areas and obtaining financial resources, a practice that still affects cities today, and has forced these already disadvantaged groups to live in some of the hottest areas. In this study, we used a new dataset on the spatial distribution of temperature during a heat wave in Richmond, Virginia to investigate potential associations between extreme heat and current and historical demographic, socioeconomic, and land use factors. We assessed these data at the census block level to determine if blocks with large differences in temperature also had significant variation in these covariates. The amount of canopy cover, percent impervious surface, and poverty level were all shown to be strong correlates of UHI when analyzed in conjunction with afternoon temperatures. We also found strong associations of historical policies and planning decisions with temperature using data from the University of Richmond’s Digital Scholarship Lab’s “Mapping Inequality” project. Finally, the Church Hill area of the city provided an interesting case study due to recent data suggesting the area’s gentrification. Differences in demographics, socioeconomic factors, and UHI were observed between north and (more gentrified) south Church Hill. Both in Church Hill and in Richmond overall, our research found that areas occupied by people of low socioeconomic status or minority groups disproportionately experienced extreme heat and corresponding impacts on health and quality of life.
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Jackson, Louise M., and Robert J. Hill. "Hill block, a modification of the Bier block." Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 18, no. 5 (August 2006): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2005.11.010.
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Singh, Vikram, and Hansraj Jatav. "Knowledge and awareness of farmers with respect to climate change on cropping pattern of vegetable crops in Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh." AGRICULTURE UPDATE 15, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/411-418.
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The present study was confined to Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh. Sehore district which is situated in the west part of the Madhya Pradesh lies between latitudes 30o33’ and 23o54’ North and longitudes 76o11’ and 78o02’ East. It is surrounded by Dewas and Shajapur districts in the west, Rajgarh district in the North-West and Vidisha district in the North-East. The hill region constitutes about 14 per cent in the Malwa plateau. were selected as a sample of the study with the help of proportionate random sampling method. The Sehore district comprises of 5 blocks namely Sehore, Ashta, Ichhawar, Nasriullaganj and Budhani. Out of these blocks Sehore block was selected due to maximum area covered under vegetable cultivated area. These are 304 villages in Sehore block, out of these 10 villages were selected purposively on the basis of maximum area covered under vegetable cultivation for the study. 12 vegetable growers were selected from each village. Thus, the total 120 vegetable growers were selected as a sample of the study with the help of proportionate random sampling method.
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Islam, M. T., M. H. Imam, F. Arshad, R. A. Kanta, A. K. M. I. Shaum, A. F. M. J. Uddin, M. F. Hossain, M. M. Anwar, and F. Begum. "INTEGRATING BLACK CUMIN WITH GROUNDNUT IN THE SANGU RIVER BASIN OF BANDARBAN HILL DISTRICT." International Journal of Business, Social and Scientific Research 12, no. 1 (March 24, 2024): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55706/ijbssr12103.
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The experiment was conducted at the farmers’ field in the Sangu River basin under the On-Farm Research Division, BARI, Bandarban, during the rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 to determine the suitability of incorporating black cumin at varying geometry under groundnut intercropping system. The treatments were T1: sole groundnut (farmers’ practice), T2: sole black cumin, T3: one row of black cumin in between two normal rows of groundnut, and T4: paired row of black cumin in between two normal rows of groundnut. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Between intercropped treatments, a double row of black cumin within two normal rows of groundnut (T4) showed higher groundnut equivalent yield (3.79 t ha-1), gross return (Tk. 219330 ha-1), gross margin (Tk. 157145 ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (3.53) followed by T3, with groundnut equivalent yield, gross return, gross margin and BCR of 3.40 t ha-1, Tk. 201867 ha-1, Tk. 141330 ha-1 and 3.33, respectively, over the respective sole groundnut (2.82 t ha-1, Tk. 171498 ha-1, Tk. 113978 ha-1 and 2.98 respectively). The lowest groundnut equivalent yield was obtained from sole black cumin (2.35 t ha-1) with a lower gross margin of Tk. 82192 ha-1. All competition functions to assess the efficacy of the intercropping system also justified the compatibility of black cumin with groundnut as a profitable practice in the Bandarban region.
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Colbert, Soyica Diggs. "Black Rage: On Cultivating Black National Belonging." Theatre Survey 57, no. 3 (August 10, 2016): 336–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557416000314.
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In performances in Atlanta; Philadelphia; Washington, DC; Los Angeles; Rio de Janeiro; Chicago; and Denver in 2012, Ms. Lauryn Hill carved out space to voice black rage. In videos uploaded to YouTube, Hill sings, raps, talks, and riffs varied renditions of the song “Black Rage (Sketch),” a remix of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II's “My Favorite Things.” During her November performance at the Electric Factory in Philadelphia, drumbeats punctuated Hill's rapping and singing. Her performance took the audience on a journey meant to leave no one behind; it moved from the highly choreographed rendition of the song with musical accompaniment and Hill acting as lead vocalist and band conductor to her slowly speaking the lyrics of the song and occasionally offering analysis of her words over the shouts and applause of audience members. She explains the line “when I'm feeling sad,” saying “that's a depressive mood.” As the title of her song suggests, in each reiteration Hill issues a different draft of the song, sketching her sound, mood, tempo, and emphasis with each new audience. Although renditions of the song shift, the lyrics consistently recount the physical, psychic, economic, and environmental vulnerability of black people in the United States. The lyrics transform the original song's references to beloved objects—“blue satin sashes” and “snowflakes”—into ironic things such as “Black human packages tied up in strings,” which Hill described in her Philadelphia performance as a reference to bureaucracy but which also resonates with familiar images of lynching. Shifting from the original song's depiction of the curative capacity of things to offset feeling bad, Hill explains that her set of things prevents fear: “I simply remember all these kinds of things and then I don't fear so bad!”
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Christiansen, E. A., and E. Karl Sauer. "Red Deer Hill: a drumlinized, glaciotectonic feature near Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-104.
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Red Deer Hill is 5 km long, 3 km wide, and 70 m high. The hill is a glaciotectonic structure formed by a single 106 m thick thrust block, presumably derived from the 80 m deep, upglacier Holmes depression. The thrust block became dislodged by displacement along a presheared horizontal gouge zone where the shearing resistance of the clay was reduced to a residual state by the first (Mennon) glaciation. The hill–depression structure was formed by the Battleford glacier, which drumlinized Red Deer Hill before depositing a veneer of till over the structure. The Holmes depression was filled with glacial Lake Saskatchewan lacustrine and deltaic sediments. Horizontal displacement along a décollement in the direction of the activating force resulted in a stress environment changing from extension to compression. In the zone of extension (Holmes depression), an active Rankine state developed and beds stretched and thinned. In the zone of compression (Red Deer Hill), conversely, a passive Rankine state developed and the beds resisted compression and thickened. Drumlinization of the thrust block occurred as lateral pressures in the block mass changed from passive (stoss slope) to active (lee slope) downglacier.
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KALITA, NILIM. "Effect of mulch types on soil moisture, soil fertility, growth and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus) in hill zone of Assam." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 24, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10181.
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A field experiment was carried out in Hill Zone of Assam from 2017 to 2019 with the objective of identifying mulch types on soil moisture retention, soil physical and chemical properties, growth and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus) grown in hill slopes under farmers’ field condition. The treatments consisting of mulching with black polythene, dhaincha (Sesbania aquleata) as mulch, frequent slashing of weeds, soil mulching (soil mounding) and farmers practice without any mulch as control were evaluated in a randomized block design. Soil moisture content at 0-30cm depth was significantly different among the mulching methods and highest value of 14.2% at 0-30cm depth at harvesting was recorded in black polythene followed by slashing of weeds (13.1) and minimum in farmers practice. Soil texture was not affected by various mulches but there was a decline in bulk density with mulching and minimum value of 1.23 kg m-3 was recorded under slashing of weeds. Higher organic carbon (8.8 g kg-1), available nitrogen (341.8 kg ha-1), phosphorus (9.5 kg ha-1) and potassium (100.6 kg ha-1) were recorded in organic mulches i.e. slashing of weeds and dhaincha. The highest yield attributing characters and fruit yield of 38.3t ha-1 was recorded in the black polythene treatment followed by dhaincha as mulch (36.5 t ha-1) and frequent slashing of weed (35.6 t ha-1). Soil mulching and farmers practice recorded significantly lower yield than other treatments.
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KALITA, NILIM. "Effect of mulch types on soil moisture, soil fertility, growth and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus) in hill zone of Assam." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 24, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2022.10181.
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A field experiment was carried out in Hill Zone of Assam from 2017 to 2019 with the objective of identifying mulch types on soil moisture retention, soil physical and chemical properties, growth and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus) grown in hill slopes under farmers’ field condition. The treatments consisting of mulching with black polythene, dhaincha (Sesbania aquleata) as mulch, frequent slashing of weeds, soil mulching (soil mounding) and farmers practice without any mulch as control were evaluated in a randomized block design. Soil moisture content at 0-30cm depth was significantly different among the mulching methods and highest value of 14.2% at 0-30cm depth at harvesting was recorded in black polythene followed by slashing of weeds (13.1) and minimum in farmers practice. Soil texture was not affected by various mulches but there was a decline in bulk density with mulching and minimum value of 1.23 kg m-3 was recorded under slashing of weeds. Higher organic carbon (8.8 g kg-1 ), available nitrogen (341.8 kg ha-1 ), phosphorus (9.5 kg ha-1 ) and potassium (100.6 kg ha-1 ) were recorded in organic mulches i.e. slashing of weeds and dhaincha. The highest yield attributing characters and fruit yield of 38.3t ha-1 was recorded in the black polythene treatment followed by dhaincha as mulch (36.5 t ha-1 ) and frequent slashing of weed (35.6 t ha-1 ). Soil mulching and farmers practice recorded significantly lower yield than other treatments.
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Sumathi, E., and G. V. Ramasubramanian. "EVALUATION OF BIOPESTICIDES AGAINST RICE BLACK BUG." Journal of Biopesticides 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.6.2.117-119.
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ABSTRACT Rice black bug is the major pest of rice in Thiruvallur and Kancheepuram districts. Yield loss at 10 bugs per hill in susceptible cultivars was estimated as 23%. In this context, biopesticide like neem oil (3%), Metarhizium anisopliae (1 x 108 spores) and new molecules profenophos (1000 ml/ha.) were tested against black bug. The results revealed that black bug population was found to be significantly low in profenophos (1000 ml/ha.) sprayed plots 2.0 no./hill. Population reduction was 60.8% followed by Metarhizium anisopliae (1 x 108 spores) applied plots. In neem oil applied plots black bug population ranged from 3.0 no/hill to 3.3 no. /hill whereas control plot recorded the maximum population of 5.1 bugs / hill.
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Timilsina, Sandip, Asmita Khanal, CK Timilsina, and TB Poon. "Effect of mulch materials on potato production and soil properties in high hill of Parbat, Gandaki Province, Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 5, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v5i1.50362.
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An experiment for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) was conducted to evaluate the use of mulching materials in increasing productivity and profitability of potato production. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five different mulching materials including control replicated for four times namely, banmara (Agertina adenophora) weed (T1), black polythene sheet (T2), white polythene sheet (T3), commercially used mulch paper having black color outside and silver color inside (T4) and farmers practice (T5) as a control with no mulch. The research result revealed that all the mulching materials significantly (p value ≤ 0.05) increased tuber yield and yield attributing characters of potato as compared with control (no mulch). The highest tuber yield was obtained from mulching with commercial mulch paper followed by mulching with black polythene sheet in both years. Mulching with banmara also produced significantly (p value ≤ 0.01) higher tuber yield than no mulch plot in the year 2017 and 2018. Mulching practices significantly (p value ≤ 0.05) improved the soil available phosphorus. The incremental benefit cost ratio was highest (2.97) in the mulched with banmara followed by commercial mulch paper (2.12). The banmara mulch was also profitable with comparatively higher tuber yield.
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Chen, Y., S. M. Simasko, J. Niggel, W. J. Sigurdson, and F. Sachs. "Ca2+ uptake in GH3 cells during hypotonic swelling: the sensory role of stretch-activated ion channels." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 270, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): C1790—C1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.6.c1790.
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Hypotonic cell swelling triggers an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration that is deemed responsible for the subsequent regulated volume decrease in many cells. To understand the mechanisms underlying this increase, we have studied the Ca2+ sources that contribute to hypotonic cell swelling-induced Ca2+ increase (HICI) in GH3 cells. Fura 2 fluorescence of cell populations revealed that extracellular, but not intracellular, stores of Ca2+ were required. HICI was abolished by nifedipine, a blocker of L-type Ca2+ channels, and Gd3+, a nonspecific blocker of stretch-activated channels (SACs), suggesting two components for the Ca2+ membrane pathway: L-type Ca2+ channels and SACs. Using HICI as an assay, we found that venom from the spider Grammostola spatulata could block HICI without blocking L-type Ca2+ channels. The venom did, however, block SAC activity. This suggests that Ca(2+)-permeable SACs, rather than L-type Ca2+ channels, are the sensing elements for HICI. These results support the model for volume regulation in which SACs, activated by an increase of the membrane tension during hypotonic cell swelling, trigger HICI, leading to a volume decrease.
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Zhang, Yaxia, Xiaowei Niu, Tinatin I. Brelidze, and Karl L. Magleby. "Ring of Negative Charge in BK Channels Facilitates Block by Intracellular Mg2+ and Polyamines through Electrostatics." Journal of General Physiology 128, no. 2 (July 17, 2006): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200609493.
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Intracellular Mg2+ and natural polyamines block outward currents in BK channels in a highly voltage-dependent manner. Here we investigate the contribution of the ring of eight negatively charged residues (4 x E321/E324) at the entrance to the inner vestibule of BK channels to this block. Channels with or without (E321N/E324N) the ring of negative charge were expressed in oocytes and unitary currents were recorded from inside-out patches over a range of intracellular Mg2+ and polyamine concentrations. Removing the ring of charge greatly decreased the block, increasing KBap (0 mV) for Mg2+ block from 48.3 ± 3.0 to 143 ± 8 mM, and for spermine block from 8.0 ± 1.0 to 721 ± 9 mM (150 mM symmetrical KCl). Polyamines with fewer amine groups blocked less: putrescine < spermidine < spermine. An equation that combined an empirical Hill function for block together with a Boltzmann function for the voltage dependence of KBap described the voltage and concentration dependence of the block for channels with and without the ring of charge. The Hill coefficients for these descriptions were <1 for both Mg2+ and spermine block, and were unchanged by removing the ring of charge. When KCli was increased from 150 mM to 3 M, the ring of charge no longer facilitated block, Mg2+ block was reduced, spermine block became negligible, and the Hill coefficients became ∼1.0. BK channels in cell-attached oocyte patches displayed inward rectification, which was reduced for channels without the ring of charge. Taken together, these observations suggest that the ring of negative charge facilitates block through a preferential electrostatic attraction of Mg2+ and polyamine over K+. This preferential attraction of multivalent blockers over monovalent K+ would decrease the K+ available at the inner vestibule to carry outward current in the presence of Mg2+ or polyamines, while increasing the concentration of blocker available to enter and block the conduction pathway.
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Owen, J. V., and K. L. Currie. "The Disappointment Hill complex: Proterozoic granulites in southwestern Newfoundland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 82, no. 1 (1991): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300007513.
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ABSTRACTThe Steel Mountain terrane of the southern Long Range Mountains forms a fault-bounded massif of (meta)plutonic rocks including the Disappointment Hill complex (DHC), a sequence of granulite-facies lithologies containing charnockite emplaced at 1498 Ma (U-Pb, zircon). Quartzofeldspathic gneiss of the DHC contains garnet + biotite + orthopyroxene ± cordierite assemblages indicative of metamorphic P–T conditions of ca 750°C and 400 MPa. The relatively high thermal gradient (ca 70°C km−1) inferred for the DHC is attributed to a magmatic heat source.On grounds of lithology, age and metamorphic grade, the DHC correlates to granulites of the Long Range Inlier (LRI) exposed farther north. Both complexes occur in blocks thrust westward over Taconic allochthons capped by ophiolite nappes. The block containing the DHC, however, preserves younger cover rocks, suggesting that it originated at a higher structural level than the LRI. This model is supported by lower pressure estimates for the DHC relative to the LRI (400 MPa vs 500–800 MPa). The DHC forms a link between Grenvillian rocks of the northern Long Range of Newfoundland and those of Cape Breton Island. The structural position of these massifs suggests that their emplacement was a post-Taconic event.
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Farfsing, Kenneth C. "Black Gold in Paradise—Reclaiming Signal Hill." Southern California Quarterly 97, no. 3 (2015): 244–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2015.97.3.244.
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In 1921 oil was struck in Signal Hill, a previously agricultural area. Speculation and poorly regulated drilling followed. Wells, sumps, and derricks surrounded houses. Fires, leaks, soil and air pollution, noise, and industrial accidents proliferated. To thwart annexation by Long Beach, Signal Hill incorporated as an independent city in 1924, but problems continued. The city formed the Signal Hill Redevelopment Agency in 1974. Redevelopment dramatically transformed Signal Hill. By 2011, residential neighborhoods and commercial space characterized the city. While wells continue to operate in cul-de-sacs and shopping center parking lots, oil and community have learned how to coexist.
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Nakazawa, K., and P. Hess. "Block by calcium of ATP-activated channels in pheochromocytoma cells." Journal of General Physiology 101, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.101.3.377.
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We have investigated the effects of Ca2+ on Na+ influx through ATP-activated channels in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells using single channel current recordings. Under cell-attached patch-clamp conditions with 150 mM Na+ and 2 mM Ca2+ in the pipette, the unitary current activity showed an open level of about -4.3 pA at -150 mV. The channel opening was interrupted by flickery noise as well as occasional transition to a subconducting state of about -1.7 pA at -150 mV. The open level was decreased with increased external Ca2+, suggesting that external Ca2+ blocks Na+ permeation. We assessed the block by Ca2+ as the mean amplitude obtained with heavy filtration according to Pietrobon et al. (Pietrobon, D., B. Prod'hom, and P. Hess, 1989. J. Gen. Physiol. 94:1-21). The block was concentration dependent with a Hill coefficient of 1 and a half-maximal concentration of approximately 6 mM. A similar block was observed with other divalent cations, and the order of potency was Cd2+ > Mn2+ > Mg2+ not equal to Ca2+ > Ba2+. High Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ba2+ did not block completely, probably because they can carry current in the channel. The block by external Ca2+ did not exhibit voltage dependence between -100 and -210 mV. In the inside-out patch-clamp configuration, the amplitude of inward channel current obtained with 150 mM external Na+ was reduced by increased internal Ca2+. The reduction was observed at lower concentrations than that by external Ca2+. Internal Ba2+ and Cd2+ induced similar reduction in current amplitude. This inhibitory effect of internal Ca2+ was voltage dependent; the inhibition was relieved with hyperpolarization. The results suggest that both external and internal Ca2+ can block Na+ influx through the ATP-activated channel. A simple one-binding site model with symmetric energy barriers is not sufficient to explain the Ca2+ block from both sides.
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GICHUKI Philip Mwangi. "EFFECT OF PLANTING DATES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) UNDER VARYING PLANT POPULATION IN HIGHLANDS OF CENTRAL KENYA." Kabarak Journal of Research & Innovation 5, no. 2 (January 24, 2018): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.58216/kjri.v5i2.132.
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Studies have shown that increasing dry bean production in many rural agricultural centers in Africa is a problem. In an effort of overcoming this limiting problem, economic use of land by increasing seed rate during planting time per unit area has become common. Efforts of realizing high yields by increasing seed rate per unit area seemed not to bear much fruit due to lack of knowledge on timely planting and plant population. Three different areas in central Kenya were evaluated for the relationship between timely planting dates and plant population in dry bean production. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of dry bean production, in response to planting dates and plant population in Chelelang variety of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The study took note on the following growth parameters; the number of pods per plant, pods length, number of seed per pod and grain yield. Each plot layout measured 4x4 m. There were 9 plots in each of the 3 blocks. A path of about 1m was left between blocks. Each plot received treatment combinations assigned randomly. Using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) the experiment was replicated three times. Factors were three planting dates 10th March, 20th April and 5th May and three plant densities; 1 seed / hill, 2 seeds / hill and 3 seeds/ hill. All the trials received similar field management treatments. Data was collected, organized, and analyzed by use of SPSS (Version 22) and the means separated by use of Least Significant Difference (LSD).The study results indicate that planting date and the plant population are significant on length of the pods, number of pods and final grain yield but no significance influence in seed numbers per pod. The study recommend that farmers should observe planting dates and proper plant population as a way of obtaining good harvest in common bean (phaseolus vulgaris)
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Baxla, Narendra, and Prafull Kumar Sahu. "Health Belief and Healing Practices in Hill Korwa Tribes." Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 9, no. 2 (December 15, 2023): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.9223.3.
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Health is the primary basis of human origin and its development. Only a healthy person makes a healthy society. A healthy society continuously interacts with the environmental conditions for its development. Health and wellness depend on individual health conditions of each individual. There are many beliefs related to health in the hill Korwa tribes, in which their lifestyle, food habits, socio-cultural and religious beliefs etc. are included. This study is based on health related beliefs of particularly backward “Hill Korwa” tribe located in Bagicha block of Chhattisgarh state. Two gram panchayats of Bagicha block, Pandrapath and Kamarima villages, have been selected on the basis of majority of tribals. The purpose of this study is to find out the beliefs system and treatment methods related to health in hill Korwa tribes. This study is based on primary data, in which qualitative research method has been used to collect the data. Unstructured interview, group interview and interview guide have been included under qualitative research. In the present study several causes of disease were seen in the hill Korwa tribes, in which witch craft, evil eye, wrath of ancestors, for the treatment of diseases related to these, the tribal people go to the Devair of the village ask them to do the exorcism, worship-recitation, special rituals etc. get done. If the cause of the disease is natural and other, then the diseases related to it are treated by using medicines collected from the forest.
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Curwood, Anastasia. "Black Feminism on Capitol Hill." Meridians 13, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 204–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/meridians.13.1.204.
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Merrell, B. G., and S. P. Marsh. "Effects on ewe and lamb performance of supplementing housed twin bearing/rearing crossbred ewes with self-help feed-blocks and liquid feed during late pregnancy and early lactation." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600027495.
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Twin-bearing crossbred ewes may be supplemented for a total period of up to 12 weeks during late pregnancy and early lactation, with feeding costs in some systems accounting for approximately 0.45 of variable costs. A less expensive mean of supplementing ewes over this period would be one practical way of reducing a major variable cost. Self-help feed-blocks have been successfully fed to hill ewes for many years and there is increasing evidence that a self-help feed-block system has applications within the more productive crossbred flocks. An experiment was undertaken which determined the effects on ewe and lamb performance of supplementing twin bearing/rearing Mule ewes with self-help feed-blocks and liquid feed during late pregnancy and early lactation. These systems were compared with the more traditional system of feeding compound nuts.Sixty six twin-bearing Scotch Mule ewes per treatment in three pens were fed a basal diet of ad libitum baled grass/clover silage (dry matter (DM) 366 g/kg, pH 5.4, NH3N 71 g/kg, crude protein (CP) 155 g/kg DM and metabolisable energy (ME) 10.1 MJ/kg DM) supplemented with either a proprietary compound sheep nut (N), a reduced rate (approximately 0.60 of N) of the compound nut plus feed-blocks (NB) or feed-blocks plus liquid feed (BL).
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Sermona, Joven, and Berta Ratilla. "Field Performance and Profitability of Bingawan Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grown Under Various Production Systems." Science and Humanities Journal 16, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47773/shj.1998.161.1.
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The growing trend towards healthy lifestyle among consumers led to the production of nutritious and organic staples. Black rice (Oryza sativa L. Bingawan cultivar) is known to be both. While most studies on rice are conducted through conventional approach, this experiment aimed to assess the response of black rice to various organic production systems on productivity and marginal analysis. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with 4 replications and 3 treatments; T = UPLB's best bet organic production system, T = optimized organic 1 2 production system in Leyte, and T = conventional production system in Leyte. 3 Leyte's optimized organic production system (T ) promoted the heading and 2 maturity of black rice comparable to the conventional production system in Leyte (T ). The UPLB's best bet organic production system (T ) produced heavier fresh 3 1 straw yield and total biomass, more productive tillers, filled and unfilled grains per panicle, heavier grains per hill, and high grain yield. However, it generated a lower net margin than the conventional production system in Leyte (T ). When sold 3 unmilled, black rice has comparable net margins irrespective of the production systems. The markedly higher yield in T failed to compensate for the higher 1 production cost, resulting in a lower net margin. It is worth noting, however, that organic rice commands a relatively higher prevailing price, unmilled and milled, than those produced in the conventional system.
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Herawati, Henny, Aji Ali Akbar, Dwi Farastika, and Azmeri. "Water table evaluation post the construction of canal blocks on peatland in West Kalimantan, Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819503016.
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Creating canal network is the first step to do agricultural practice in wetlands that aims to make the wetland dry. The existence of canal network affects the hydrological function of peat ecosystem in West Kalimantan which leads to drought and peatland fires during dry season. Canal network on peatlands causes the previously stagnant water to flow out easily through the canal. Therefore, a repressive effort is required to maintain water table in peatland. A countermeasure that has been applied to restore peat is by constructing canal blocks on the established canals. The objective of this study was to assess and evaluate changes in water table in peatlands after the construction of a canal block in Wajok Hilir Village, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan. Based on the water table evaluation result on peatland with and without blocked canal, it is identified that peatland surrounding blocked canal had smaller water table fluctuation than the peatland surrounding unblocked canal during 1 tidal period. This research concludes that the construction of canal block helps retain water longer in peatland so that water table can be maintained in short term and is expected to restore hydrological function of peatland in the long term.
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Hata, T. Y., A. H. Hara, and B. K. S. Hu. "Insecticidal Trials Against Vanda Thrips on Orchids, Hawaii, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.381.
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Abstract Insecticides were evaluated for efficacy from 8 Dec through 15 Dec 94 at the University of Hawaii Waiakea Experiment Station in Hilo, Hawaii. Plants (approximately 6.5 ft in height) growing in basalt rock under 6 mil. clear FVG 3HLFI polyethylene film covering were used in this study. Experimental plots were arranged in a RCB with 3 blocks, 30 plants per block. A spreader-sticker (Ad-here, J. R. Simplot, Lanthrop, CA) was added to all treatments, including the control, at a rate of 5 ft. oz. per 100 gals. The control was sprayed with water. Insecticides were applied once at approximately 200 gpa using a backpack sprayer (Solo, Newport News, VA) equipped with an 8004 Teejet nozzle at 40 psi. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by randomly harvesting 30 blossoms from each block. Thrips were extracted from the blossoms with Berlese funnels heated with a 60 watt incandescent light bulb and collected in an 8:2:1:1 solution of ethanol, distilled H2O, acetic acid and glycerin. The number of nymphs and adults was pooled for analysis. Data were transformed to log10(x + 1) and analyzed by ANOVA.
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Webster, A. E. "Delamerian refolding of the Palaeoproterozoic Broken Hill Block." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 1 (February 1996): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099608728237.
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Stevens, B. P. J., E. Rothery, and A. E. Webster. "Delamerian refolding of the Palaeoproterozoic Broken Hill Block." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 2 (April 1997): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099708728310.
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Kajonphol, Tanaporn, Sattaya Tonwong, Sujaree Nonthakod, Chontira Sangsiri, and Monamorn Precharattana. "Effect of Spacing and No. of Seedling per Hill on Growth and Yield Components of Rice cv. Chai Nat 1 under System of Rice Intensification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 879 (March 2018): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.879.95.
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We investigated effects of spacing and no. of seedling hill-1on growth and yield component of rice cv. Chai Nat 1 in system of rice intensification. The experiment included 25 × 25 cm, 30 × 30 cm, 40 × 40 cm, and 50 × 50 cm with single seedling hill-1, two seedlings hill-1, and three seedlings hill-1, respectively. The study was in Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus during November 2016 to March 2017. Each condition was laid out in a randomized completed block design with three replications. The experiment found that the no. of seedlings hill-1influence in the growth and the yield component of the rice, while the spacing does not. Moreover, there is no interaction between spacing and seedlings hill-1.The three seedling hill-1condition showed the highest in tillering (avg. = 24.13 tillers hill-1). The single seedling hill-1showed the lowest in tillering (avg. = 16.24 tillers hill-1). From this research indicated that optimized seed hill-1in rice cultivated system.
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Shamiyeh, N. B. "Alfalfa Weevil Larval Control in Tennessee, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.217.
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Abstract Insecticides were evaluated in a 3-yr-old stand of alfalfa at the Middle Tennessee Experiment Station, Spring Hill, TN. Furadan and Imidan were included as standards. Sixteen treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 18 × 20 ft with a 6-ft alley between blocks. Insecticides were applied on 9 Apr using a CO2-powered boom sprayer mounted on bicycle wheels at the rate of 25 gal/acre. Sampling consisted of 5 pendulum sweeps with a 15-inch insect net from each plot. Pretreatment means were 19 alfalfa weevil larvae (AWL) per 5 sweeps with a 63% tip infestation. Posttreatment samples were taken at weekly intervals for 4 wk. A 5 × 20-ft strip was harvested from the middle of each plot on 10 May. Subsamples were dried for dry weight determinations.
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Shamiyeh, N. B., C. J. Southards, and C. H. Roberts. "Control of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae in Tennessee, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.137a.
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Abstract Insecticide treatments were evaluated in a 3-yr stand of alfalfa at the Middle Tennessee Experiment Station, Spring Hill. Plots were 20 × 20 ft replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 15- ft alleys. Soil type was Maury silt loam. Fourteen insecticide treatments were applied on 13 Mar when 83% of the tips were damaged and alfalfa weevil larvae (AWL) averaged 1.54 larvae/stem. Chemicals were applied using a tractor mounted C02-powered 10 ft boom sprayer at the rate of 30 gal/acre. AWL samples were collected on 21, 28 Mar and 4, 11, 18, 24 Apr using a 15-inch insect net, and consisted of 5 pendulum sweeps from each plot. A 5 ft × 20 ft strip was harvested from the middle of each plot on 1 May. Moisture content of alfalfa was 68.75%.
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Surija, Supeno, and Roderick Bastian. "The Effectiviness of Organic Method for Increasing the Productivity of Oil Palm That Is Infected by Ganoderma." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 5 (April 15, 2020): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n5p180.
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The usage of organic fertilizer is expected to help developing organic plantation so that it can produce organic CPO and other organic derivate. Our study used organic fertilizer SUPER MOAF (Multi Organic Alkali Fertilizer), biopesticide and biofungiside CHIPS (Colony Highly Invasive Protection System) that is manufactured by PT. Propadu Konair Tarahubun. We conducted this study in 7 different plantation: Kecamatan Langgam, Riau block K and L with the plantation year of 2011; Kecamatan Bila Hilir, North Sumatra block DO and CO with the plantation year of 2011; Kecamatan Langgam, Riau block J and I with the plantation year of 2010; Kecamatan Long Iklis, East Kalimantan block 26 and 27 with the plantation year in 2002; Kecamatan Sei Kijang, Riau block M12 and N12 with the plantation year of 2005; Kecamatan Langgam, Riau block F and H with the plantation year of 2009; Kecamatan Teluk Dalam, North Sumatra block R and M with the plantation year of 2006. All plantation is given the same treatment: nonorganic fertilizer in control block (L, CO, I, 27, N12, H, and M) and switching from using Non-organic fertilizer to MOAF organic fertilizer in experiment block (K, DO, J, 26, M12, F, and R), this study is conducted for 4-5 years (2014-2018). The switching from nonorganic fertilizer to organic fertilizer is done in 2015, except for the oil palm that the plantation year is in 2011 is done in 2016. After switching from Non-organic to organic fertilizer, in the experiment blocks, show increasing of production (26.47%-88.33%) per Ha meanwhile the control block show increasing of production (4.21%-38.76%) per Ha. Fertilizer is given to the tree that has infected by disease, damaged, and have to be replanted because of Ganoderma invasion. Using MOAF organic method can also increase the production approximately 64.34%-110.77% from PPKS production standard in palm oil that has been infected by Ganoderma. Using MOAF fertilizer, biopesticide, and biofungiside CHIPS are not only recovering the palm oil that is expected to collapse soon because of Ganoderma infection but also maximize the production that is similar to healthy palm oil. Organic method is an efficient and effective way to help increasing the production of palm oil and environmental sustainability even in Ganoderma infection condition.
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Johnson, M., and G. J. Evans. "The Crosby Warren Field, Block DL001, UK Onshore." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 52, no. 1 (2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m52-2018-29.
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AbstractThe Crosby Warren Field is located onshore the UK, south of the Humber Estuary. It was discovered by RTZ Oil & Gas with the CW-1 (L46/12-3) well in 1986. The oil reservoir is Carboniferous, Namurian, Beacon Hill Flags sandstone, with gas found in Namurian sandstones of the Rough Rock, and the discovery well originally flowed waxy 40° API oil at rates of 45 bopd, which increased to nearly 700 bopd following fracture stimulation. The Beacon Hill Flags are a 10 m-thick group of laminated sandstones within a substantial gross thickness of sandstones, silts, muds and occasional thin claystones. The expected ultimate recovery for the field will be about 0.9 MMbbl of oil and 0.7 bcf of gas. Almost all of the oil and gas have already been recovered, and end of life for the field is expected to be in 2022.
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Beachy, Emma. "Tomorrow Our Seeds Will Grow: The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill and the Changing Landscape of Hip-Hop." Musical Offerings 13, no. 2 (2022): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15385/jmo.2022.13.2.3.
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The release of Lauryn Hill’s 1998 album The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill was a watershed moment in the history of hip-hop and the intersection between music and race. On this album, Hill created a narrative that embraced Black love, attempted to educate audiences, and drew on Black musical heritage, elevating Black womanhood and nuancing perceptions of Blackness in American culture. Through musical and lyrical analysis, this paper explores the importance of Miseducation's narrative within the cultural milieu of the late 1990s and its continuing impact on hip-hop and Black American culture.
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Western, J. "Ambivalent Attachments to Place in London: Twelve Barbadian Families." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 11, no. 2 (April 1993): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d110147.
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There are good reasons for assuming that places symbolic for and valued by black people exist in Britain, One such locale is London's Notting Hill, which was, with Brixton, one of the two earliest zones of Afro-Caribbean settlement in the metropolis from the mid-1950s onwards. Notting Hill was also, in 1958, the locus of riots by young white people against black immigrants; the site of the Mangrove Restaurant, associated with the Black Power movement, and harassed continually by the police from its establishment in 1969 until its demise in 1991, Also, most notably, this area is the venue for the vast, annual, black-accented Notting Hill street carnival. These attributes did not, however, seem to engender strong responses in interviews with a set of twelve families of Barbadian origin. The interviewees, now materially successful, no longer inhabited the neighborhood, nor did their London-raised adult children. For the thirty-four interviewees, Notting Hill was a place that might once have been important for black people, but was no longer greatly valued for any such symbolisms; its looming gentrification by whites, for example, was not viewed with regret. This weak attachment to the place Notting Hill—or indeed to any other purportedly ‘black’ locales in London or Britain—has multiple sources in the particularity of this set of respondents: middle-class, respectable, generally conservative, homeowners, many of whom exhibit marked Barbadian island chauvinism. Most strikingly, some of the households still, after over thirty years in London, view themselves only as sojourners in Britain, who will before long return home to Barbados. Indeed, at least one household already has.
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Arthur, Tori Omega. "Black Spectral Lives Matter." Plural (São Paulo. Online) 23, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-8099.pcso.2016.125102.
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Ainapur, Shivanand D., Happy Dev Sharma, Vipin Sharma, and Sahil Pathania. "The Effect of Different Mulches and Bed Sizes on Growth, Yield and Quality of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Under the Mid-Hill Zone of Himachal Pradesh." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14, Oct, 10 (October 20, 2023): 1360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.4798.
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The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India during kharif, May, 2020–January, 2021 to examine the effect of different mulches and bed sizes on the growth, yield and quality of turmeric. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design (factorial) with 9 treatment combinations, including 3 mulches (silver-black mulching film, pine needles and dry grass) with 3-bed sizes (9×1 m2, 6×1 m2 and 3×1 m2), which were triplicated. Turmeric yield proved to be significantly affected by mulching materials with silver-black mulching film producing the highest yield (32.01 t ha-1) whereas pine needles produced the lowest yield (23.85 t ha-1). Rhizome length and breadth, the number of primary and secondary rhizomes, dry recovery, essential oil, oleoresin and curcumin content were some of the yield and quality characteristics that have been improved by the use of silver-black mulching film. Bed size also provided a significant effect on the yield of turmeric with the highest (29.03 t ha-1) in bed size 9×1 m2 whereas lowest in 3×1 m2 (25.75 t ha-1). A combination of silver-black mulching film and 9×1 m2 bed size provided the significantly highest turmeric yield (33.56 t ha-1). This study recommends that farmers in Himachal Pradesh’s mid-hill zone to produce turmeric using silver-black mulching film on beds measuring 9×1 m2 for better growth, yield and improved quality of turmeric.
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Hata, T. Y., and A. H. Hara. "Control of Whiteflies on Anthurium, Hawah, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.316a.
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Abstract Efficacy trials were conducted at the Waiakea Experiment Station in Hilo, Hawaii on potted anthuriums growing in volcanic cinder under a fiberglass greenhouse. There were 8 plants per block and 4 blocks arranged in a CRD. After a sufficient population was obtained in all plants (determined by the visual observation of white waxy secretions in the sheath), 5 applications of selected insecticides at 2 week intervals were applied to runoff (ca. 250 GPA) using a compressed COa sprayer with a no. 8004 Teejet nozzle at 40 psi. The spreader-sticker, Triton B 1956, was added to each treatment at a rate of 3 fl oz/100 gal. Sprays were directed to the area of the sheath. Treatments were evaluated by examining 8 sheath samples (one from each plant), under a dissecting microscope. Adults, pupa, nymphs and eggs were noted as present or absent.
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Liu, Yuhang. "Study on oil-water interface of Budate fracture reservoir in each block of Suderte Oilfield." E3S Web of Conferences 358 (2022): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235802020.
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It is well known that in addition to bound water in the reservoir, formation water mainly exists in the form of edge water and bottom water. Fractured buried hill metamorphic rock reservoirs are generally bottom-water reservoirs. In fractured reservoirs, rock blocks are cut by fractures and oil and water are distributed in fractures. Due to the low capillary pressure of fractures, the oil-water transition zone is also small. In the same fault block, there is relatively uniform oil-water interface. And oil-water interface to judge correctly or not will directly related to the determination of oil-bearing area and effective thickness division and well placement, thus correctly determine the position of the oil-water interface of oil field development is of great significance, through the variation of oil-water interface also presumably or some guidance on the seismic section can't precisely divide the small fault.
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Baylon, Noel. "Levels of Zinc Application on the Agronomic Characteristics and Yield Performance of Lowland Rice." JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research 37, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v37i1.705.
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Since Rice is indispensable to almost all Filipinos as their primary food, it is necessary to aim for an additional greater harvest as an ultimate objective. The study was conducted to determine if there were significant differences in growth performance and on the yield of lowland rice applied with zinc sulfate at different levels. The experimental area was divided into four blocks for the number of replications and each block was further divided into 5 plots for the number of treatments adopting the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The following treatments were: T0-control-without application of zinc sulfate, T1-5kg of zinc sulfate, T2-10kg of zinc sulfate, T3-15kg of zinc sulfate, and T4 -20kg of zinc sulfate. Results showed significant differences in the plant height, the number of tillers, percentage of bearing culm, length of the panicle, percentage of filled and unfilled grains, grain yield per hill, grain yield per treatment, the weight of 1000 grains, except the number of grains per panicle. Maximum paddy yield was achieved in Treatment 4 (20kg zinc sulfate) and the minimum paddy yield was noted in treatment control (no zinc sulfate application). Zinc application increases the crop growth rate and yield of rice.
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Brian Latour. "Joe Hill: Red November, black November." International Union Rights 22, no. 4 (2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14213/inteuniorigh.22.4.0020.
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Latour, Brian. "Joe Hill: Red November, black November." International Union Rights 22, no. 4 (2015): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/iur.2015.a838474.
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Himelrick, David G. "Mulch Color Influence on Annual Hill Plasticulture Strawberries." HortScience 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 596B—596. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.596b.
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The effect of seven types of plastic mulches on total, early, and late season yield was evaluated for three years in the annual hill strawberry production system. Black plastic mulches differed only from the significantly reduced yields found on unmulched bare ground treatments. Although not significantly different in any year, the top performing mulch treatments varied with production year and cultivar. In the wet and warm harvest season of 1991, the highest yielding treatments were IRT-76, clear, and ALOR-brown. In the dry and cool 1992 season, the top performers were white on black, black, and ALOR-brown. For the cool and moderately wet 1993 season, the best performance was recorded on black, white on black, and clear. Average soil temperatures from warmest to coolest were found with black, black on white, clear, IRT-76, ALOR-brown, red, silver, white on black, and bare soil treatments.
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Lis, Dariusz C., Peter Schilke, Edwin A. Bergin, and Martin Emprechtinger. "Hot, metastable hydronium ion in the Galactic centre: formation pumping in X-ray-irradiated gas?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1978 (November 13, 2012): 5162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0025.
Full textAbstract:
With a 3.5 m diameter telescope passively cooled to approximately 80 K, and a science payload comprising two direct detection cameras/medium resolution imaging spectrometers (PACS and SPIRE) and a very high spectral resolution heterodyne spectrometer (HIFI), the Herschel Space Observatory is providing extraordinary observational opportunities in the 55–670 μm spectral range. HIFI has opened for the first time to high-resolution spectroscopy the submillimetre band that includes the fundamental rotational transitions of interstellar hydrides, the basic building blocks of astrochemistry. We discuss a recent HIFI discovery of metastable rotational transitions of the hydronium ion (protonated water, H 3 O + ), with rotational level energies up to 1200 K above the ground state, in absorption towards Sagittarius B2(N) in the Galactic centre. Hydronium is an important molecular ion in the oxygen chemical network. Earlier HIFI observations have indicated a general deficiency of H 3 O + in the diffuse gas in the Galactic disc. The presence of hot H 3 O + towards Sagittarius B2(N) thus appears to be related to the unique physical conditions in the central molecular zone, manifested, for example, by the widespread presence of abundant H . One intriguing theory for the high rotational temperature characterizing the population of the H 3 O + metastable levels may be formation pumping in molecular gas irradiated by X-rays emitted by the Galactic centre black hole. Alternatively, the pervasive presence of enhanced turbulence in the central molecular zone may give rise to shocks in the lower-density medium that is exposed to energetic radiation.
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Rätsep, Kaidi. "Colour term ‘black’ in Estonian place names." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 3, no. 1 (June 18, 2012): 129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2012.3.1.04.
Full textAbstract:
Must ‘black’ is considered to be the most common colour attribute in place names. The article provides a brief overview of must ‘black’ in Estonian place names. The data was obtained from kohanimekartoteek ‘place names card index’ of the Institute of the Estonian Language. In the index there are 1377 slips beginning with (or containing) must ‘black’, discounting within-parish duplicate slips 1081 place names were found. Altogether, 728 different place name variants were discovered. The most frequent occurrences of must in the nominative case were Mustjõgi ‘Black-river’ (frequency = 26), Mustjärv ‘Black-lake’ (22), Mustkivi ‘Black-stone’ (21), Mustoja ‘Black-rivulet’ (18) and Mustmägi ‘Black-hill’ (16). In the genitive case Musta talu ‘Black farm’ (22) was twice as frequent as the next most common, Mustitalu ‘Musti farm’ (11). According to the studied material the most common determinant was talu ‘farm’ (231), followed by mägi ‘hill’ (70), mets ‘forest’ (45) and heinamaa ‘hayfi eld’ (43).
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Bhutia, Namgyal Tshewang, and Malavika Sinha. "Geo-physical attributes of Shushunia’s aquifer, Chhatna block, Bankura district, West Bengal, India." Landscape & Environment 17, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21120/le/17/2/1.
Full textAbstract:
Shushunia hill lies in a transitional zone of the South Singbhum Mobile Craton and northern Gondwana formation. The Shushunia hill appears like a porcupine peak and it has structural similarity to the Eastern Ghat. The Shushunia hill zone is an example of a contact spring. In the foothill zone, two perennial springs are observed. The study purely deals with its aquifer and water quality. Based on the present rock strata and the nature of the contact aquifer, its early condition has been assumed. The discharge of the confined aquifers occurs by leakage. The water temperature depicts the springs are not of geothermal origin. Shushunia's aquifer is the shallow flow system water table and it is the subdued replica of surface topography. The comparatively high discharge rate during post-monsoon indicates the fractured conduit-water seepage towards the aquifer. Moreover, twin-contact aquifers do not yield water uniformly. The perennial aquifer may act as a municipal water supply source for drinking purposes in the future.