Dissertations / Theses: 'HIIT'

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Kalenius, Richard. "HIIT och dess effekt på löpekonomi hos vältränade löpare och triatleter." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36705.

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Background: Running economy is one of the key factors to achieve top performance in endurance events. Little evidence exists for improving running economy using high-intensity interval training while running. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine how HIIT affects running economy and VO2max. Method: 14 well-trained athletes (age 35 ± 8,9 years, height 175 ± 11,7 cm and weight 69 ± 12,2 kg) were divided into two separate groups (HIIT and Control). HIIT group performed 3 HIIT exercises every week for 4 weeks and Control group continued with their separate training programs consisting of mostly traditional endurance training. Results: Running economy showed no improvement in HIIT (pre 38,62 and post 38,62 ml/kg/min, p=1.00) but Control improved (pre 45,41 and post 43,37 ml/kg/min, p=0,03). VO2max decreased in HIIT (mean 61,32 to 60,84 ml/kg/min) and in Control (mean 61,99 to 58,47 ml/kg/min).

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Alyousif, Zakaria A. "The Effects of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Asthmatic Adult Males." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1403969461.

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Sugiura, Shinichiro. "Effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Vascular Function and Insulin Sensitivity." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1430487607.

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Lopes, Cláudio Miguel Piedade. "Efeito de um programa de intervenção de 16 semanas, de alta intensidade (Hiit), em jovens universitários com excesso de peso e obesidade." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27869.

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Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os efeitos de um programa de treino intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) e treino força em indivíduos com excesso de peso ou obesidade que estudem na Universidade de Évora, ao nível antropométrico, composição corporal, força dos membros inferiores, resistência à insulina e capacidade máxima de oxigénio (VO2máx). Metodologia: Este estudo é do tipo quasi-experimental em que dois grupos participaram no programa de treino. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos em função da menor (G1 (N=5)) ou maior (G2 (N=6)) assiduidade ao programa. Os participantes eram de ambos os sexos (34,64 ± 3,90 anos) e alunos da Universidade de Évora, todos tinham um Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) ≥ 25 kg/m². O programa de treino prolongou-se durante 12 semanas e teve uma frequência semanal de três sessões com uma duração de 50 minutos. Foram realizados 2 momentos de avaliação, no início e no fim do programa. Resultados: Observaram-se diferenças significativas intra-grupo, para o G2, nas variáveis Peso(p=0,028), Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC; p=0,028), Perímetro da Cintura (PC; p=0,027), Massa Gorda (MG; p=0,028), %MG (p=0,043), Massa Muscular (MM; p=0,046), Gordura na Região Abdominal (p=0,028), (RI (120’); p=0,043) e no (VO2max em ml/kg/min; p=0,028) . Na comparação entre os dois grupos não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas variáveis estudadas. Conclusão: O presente estudo permite concluir que ocorreram melhorias na composição corporal, nas medidas antropométricas e no VO2máx, tendo um impacto superior no grupo de maior assiduidade - superior ou igual a 50%; ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of a high intensity interval training program (HIIT) and strength training in overweight or obese individuals studied at the Évora University, on a anthropometric level, body composition, limb strength lower levels, insulin resistance and maximum oxygen capacity (VO2max). Methodology: This is a quasi-experimental study in which two groups participated in the training program. The sample was divided into two groups according to the lower (G1 (N=5)) or higher (G2 (N=6)) attendance to the program. Participants were of both sexes (34,64 ± 3,90) and students at Évora University, all of them had a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25,0 kg/m². The training program lasted for 12 weeks and had a weekly frequency of three sessions lasting 50 minutes. Two evaluation moments were carried out, at the beginning and at the end of the program. Results: Significant intra group differences were observed, for G2, in the variables Weight (p=0,028), Body Mass Index (BMI; p=0,028), Waist Circumference (WC; p=0,027), Fat Mass (FM; p=0,028), %FM (p=0,043), Muscle Mass (MM; p=0,046), Fat in the Abdominal Region (p=0,028), (IR (120’); p=0,043), and (VO2max in ml/kg/min; p=0,028). In the comparison between two groups, no significant differences were observed in the studied variables Conclusion: The present study allows us to conclude that were improvements in body composition, anthropometric measurements and VO2max, with a greater impact on the group with a greater attendance – greater than or equal to 50%.

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Han, Dae Uk. "Feasibility Assessment of High-Intensity Interval Training in Adults Living with Severe Mental Illness." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23386.

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Background: Adults living with Severe mental illness (SMI) are at a high risk of cardiovascular disease. With the growing popularity for High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), some evidence suggests that there is potential to greatly reduce cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors and improve functional exercise outcomes in comparison to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). However, little research on HIIT has been done in SMI. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of HIIT in adults living with SMI. A secondary aim was also proposed, to compare the effect of HIIT to a lifestyle intervention in relation to Cardiometabolic Risk Factor (CMRF) and functional exercise capacity. Method: Adults living with SMI, attending a service provided by the Collaborative Centre for Cardiometabolic Health in Psychosis (ccCHiP) were recruited to participate in one of two 10-week programs, during their visit. The programs offered were a HIIT (Intervention; 20-min HIIT session, three times per week) or a lifestyle program (Control; 30-min lifestyle education and 30-min circuit exercise program, once per week). Feasibility was assessed based on enrolment and withdrawal rates in each group. Lipid profile and 6-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT) were variables assessed for CMRF and functional exercise capacity, respectively. Result: 15 participants were recruited (Intervention = 11; Control = 4). A total of 4 participants withdrew from the study (Intervention = 3; Control = 1). No significant difference was found between the intervention and control for lipid profile and 6-MWT. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence suggests that HIIT may be a feasible program, based on the level of enrolment seen among adults with SMI.

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Sabag, Angelo. "Exercise and Ectopic Fat in Type 2 Diabetes." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21269.

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Background: Ectopic fat is an independent cardiometabolic risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Physical activity leads to increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and is a cornerstone therapy for T2D. While current recommended physical activity levels are effective for improving cardiometabolic health, few people achieve these, therefore, it is important to explore alternate yet efficacious exercise interventions that reduce cardiometabolic risk factors such as ectopic fat in T2D. Studies: Study 1 of this thesis assessed the association between CRF and non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) in inactive overweight and obese adults via cross-sectional analysis; study 2 of this thesis assessed the effect of regular exercise on ectopic fat in T2D via systematic review and meta-analysis; study 3 of this thesis assessed the efficacy of a novel low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention and a traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) intervention vs. placebo (PLA) for improving liver fat (LF), pancreas fat (PF) and other cardiometabolic risk factors in obese inactive adults with T2D. Results: The results of study 1 demonstrated that CRF was significantly associated with NAFLD in inactive overweight and obese adults. The association was largely explained by anthropometric and circulating liver enzyme levels; the results of study 2 showed that aerobic exercise (AEx) led to significant reductions in visceral adipose tissue vs. control and a similar relationship was observed for LF, however, there was a lack of data to confirm this; the results of study 3 demonstrated that the HIIT and MICT interventions led to significant improvements in LF, PF and glycaemic control vs. PLA. Conclusions: The findings from this thesis showed that AEx is an effective therapy for reducing ectopic fat and improving cardiometabolic health in T2D. These benefits were also evident for AEx at levels much lower than recommend guidelines and independent of weight loss.

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Mier, Nicole M. "Training effect of a high intensity interval training (HIIT) program using upper extremity exercise." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527569.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a high intensity interval training program (HIIT) using the upper extremities on peak oxygen uptake (VO_2peak), peak heart rate (HR_peak), total time-to-fatigue (TTF), peak power output (PPO), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate concentrations (bLa). Results showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvements by the HIIT group in VO_2peak, HR_peak, PPO, and TTF when compared to a continuous training (CT) group.

Results of this study suggest that upper extremity HIIT appears to produce greater improvements in several physiological outcome measures when compared to CT and may be an effective way to improve cardiopulmonary fitness. Furthermore, a HIIT program using the upper extremities as little as 2 days per week appears to be a viable way to improve factors that contribute to cardiopulmonary fitness, muscular fitness, and performance, while being an efficient use of time.

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Pietras, Angela. "The Effects of Different Exercise Intensities on Glucoregulatory Response." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1418222823.

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Salassi, James Warren III. "The acute effects of various high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols on cardiopulmonary and metabolic function." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527583.

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This study compared the acute cardiopulmonary and metabolic effects of four high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols using varying intensities during the work and recovery periods. Eleven participants (5 males, 6 females) performed four, 20- minute HIIT protocols at a 1:1 "work:recovery" ratio on a cycle ergometer in random order. The work:recovery relative intensities, based upon previously determined maximum work rates, were: 80%:0%, 80%:50%, 100%:0%, and 100%:50%. Oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion were measured. Data were analyzed using a two-way, repeated measures ANOV A (p ≤ 0.05). Oxygen uptake and heart rate were expressed as a percentage of the peak values established during a prior graded exercise test. There were clear differences in physiological response between protocols. The 80:50 and 100:0 may produce the best combination of effects. The 100:50 produced the greatest physiological response, however, it may not be practical for the general population.

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Lännerström, Johan. "Mitokondriella proteiner i snabba och långsamma muskelfibrer." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-4947.

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Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om förekomsten av och förhållandet mellan proteiner i mitokondrien, som är kopplade till oxidativ stress, skiljer sig åt mellan långsamma och snabba muskelfibrer. Frågeställningar: 1) Skiljer sig förekomsten av proteinerna Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), Adenine Nucleotide translocator (ANT) isoform 1 & 2, samt Superoxide dismutase (SOD2) åt i mitokondrier i snabba och långsamma muskelfibrer när man normaliserar för mitokondriemängd? 2) Finns det någon skillnad i uttryck av ovanstående proteiner samt Catalase mellan snabba och långsamma fibrer när man normaliserar för totalprotein (TP). Metod Enskilda muskelfibrer dissekerades ut från 8 frystorkade biopsier hos 4 män tagna i Vastus Lateralis och analyserades med immunoblotting. Fibrerna klassificerades som typ-1 (MHC-I) eller typ-2 (MHC-II) vartefter deras innehåll av mitokondriella proteiner analyserades. Citrate Synthase användes som markör till att normalisera för mitokondriedensitet medan Reactive Brown användes för att normalisera för mängden laddat totalprotein. Resultat ANT-2 visade tendens att ha 59 % högre förekomst i typ-2 fibrers mitokondrier (P=0,052). I övrigt sågs inga statistiska skillnader efter normalisering för mitokondriell densitet. Efter normalisering för endast totalprotein visade ANT-1 (P=0,01), SOD2 (P=0,002), CS (P=0,01) och ANT-2 (P=0,003) statistisk signifikans till att vara mer före kommande i typ-1 fibrer med 10, 25, 8 och 58 %. UCP3 visade tendens till signifikans (P=0,052) att vara 27 % mer uttryckt i typ-1 fibrer medan Catalase inte visade någon skillnad i uttryck mellan de olika fibertyperna. Slutsats Det verkar inte finnas generella inneboende skillnader i proteinmängd mellan mitokondrier i typ-1 och typ-2 fibrer utifrån dessa resultat. Men de mitokondriella proteinerna fanns mer uttryckt i typ-1 fibrer vilket indikerar på att fler mitokondrier finns i typ-1 fibrerna. Det bör dock inte uteslutas att det existerar skillnader på mitokondrienivå eftersom inga resultat nådde signifikant nivå. Studiens största fynd var att UCP3 visade tendens till att vara högre uttryckt i typ-1 fibrer, vilket säger emot existerande litteratur på human skelettmuskulatur.
Aim The puropse of this study was to investigate whether the expression of and the relation between mitochondrial proteins, that are associated with oxidative stress, differs among slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibers. Research questions: 1) Does the prevalence of the proteins Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), Adenine Nucleotide Translocator (ANT isoform-1 & 2) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD2) differ in fast and slow twitch muscle fibers when normalized for mitochondrial density? 2) Is there any difference in above mentioned proteins plus Catalase in expression between fast and slow twitch fibers when normalized for total protein content? Method Single muscle fibers were dissected from 8 freeze dried biopsies in 4 men, taken in the Vastus Lateralis, and analyzed with immunoblotting. Fibers were classified as type-1 (MHC-I) or type-2 (MHC-II) and then further analyzed for their protein content. Citrate Synthase was used as a marker to normalize for mitochondrial density while Reactive Brown was used to normalize for total protein content loaded. Results ANT-2 showed a tendency to be 59 % more abundant in the mitochondria of type-2 fibers (P=0,052). No other statistical differences after normalization for mitochondrial density were found. When normalizing for total protein, ANT-1 (P=0,01), SOD2 (P=0,002), CS (P=0,01) and ANT-2 (P=0,003) showed statistical significance to be more abundant in typ-1 fibers with 10, 25, 8 and 58% respectively. UCP3 showed a tendency to statistical significance (P=0,052) to be 27 % more abundant in type-1 fibers while Catalase did not show any difference in expression between the fiber types. Conclusions There seems to be no general differences between mitochondria in type-1 and type-2 fibers based on these results. However, the mitochondrial proteins are more expressed in type-1 fibers, which indicates that more mitochondria exist in the type-1 fibers. Nevertheless, it should not be ruled out that differences on mitochondrial level actually do exist given that no results reached statistical significance. The biggest discovery in this study was that UCP3 showed tendency to be more expressed in type-1 fibers, which contradicts existing literature on human skeletal muscle.

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Kielsmeier, Kaitlyn J. "Sex-Specific Metabolic Response to High-Intensity Intermittent Sprint Work." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1435236876.

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Sultana, Rachelle. "Exercise Strategies for the Management of Adiposity and Lean Mass in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22679.

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Background: Excess adiposity and low lean mass are independent risk factors and contribute to common complications of obesity, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Physical activity is the cornerstone for obesity and T2D management and can effectively improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), however, it is poorly adhered to. Alternate efficacious exercise interventions for improving adiposity, lean mass and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in obesity and T2D should be explored. Studies and Methods: The study in Chapter 2 assessed the effect of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in comparison to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and non-exercise control (PLA) on fat, lean mass and CRF via systematic review and meta-analysis. The study in Chapter 3 examined the association between adiposity, lean mass, and diabetes severity in overweight/obese individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), pre-diabetes and T2D. A regression analysis was used to determine whether adiposity was an independent predictor of insulin resistance; and a comparison of cardiometabolic disease risk factors between individuals with NGT, pre-diabetes and T2D was undertaken. The study in Chapter 4 assessed the efficacy of MICT or low-volume HIIT versus PLA for improving adiposity, lean mass and CRF in adults with obesity and T2D. Findings: In Study 1, low-volume HIIT significantly improved CRF but was ineffective for improving fat and lean mass when compared to MICT or PLA. Study 2 showed that adiposity and lean mass were significantly associated with insulin resistance, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) independently predicted insulin resistance beyond traditional cardiometabolic disease risk factors in adults with overweight/obesity and NGT, pre-diabetes and T2D. Individuals with T2D had significantly higher adiposity, lean body mass, and insulin resistance in comparison to NGT and pre-diabetes groups. The final study demonstrated that 12-weeks of MICT or low-volume HIIT significantly improved CRF versus PLA; however, there was no evidence of a benefit on body composition or insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: VAT is a significant predictor of insulin resistance, independently of traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. Individuals with high VAT had greater insulin resistance and were more likely to have T2D. Low-volume aerobic exercise is ineffective for improving abdominal adiposity, lean mass and insulin sensitivity, but is a time-efficient form of exercise for increasing CRF in healthy adults and adults with obesity and T2D.

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Södergård, Olof, and Tom Manselin. "Effekter av intermittent syretillförsel under sex veckors löpträning." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3226.

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Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka fysiologiska effekter sex veckors högintensiv intervallträning (HIIT) på löpband med hyperoxi (>20,94 % syre) samt med normoxi (normal rumsluft) hade under kontrollerade former. De frågeställningar som hjälpte att besvara syftet var: (1) Hur förändras VO2max efter sex veckors högintensiv träning? (2) Hur förändras prestationen efter sex veckors högintensiv träning? (3) Hur påverkas löpekonomin av sex veckors HIIT? (4) Vilka fysiologiska effekter gav hyperoxiträning? Metod I studien deltog initialt åtta manliga vältränade löpare varav fem stycken fullföljde studien. Karaktäristiken för de fem försökspersonerna (FP) var: ålder (år) 27,6 ± 5,8, längd (cm)180,9 ± 5,0, vikt (kg) 68,6 ± 6,2, årsbästa 10 km (mm:ss) 33:44 ± 01:11 och VO2max (ml/kg/min) 69,0 ± 2,3. FP delades in i test- och kontrollgrupp och studien var utformat som en single-blind. Under en sex veckors träningsperiod tränade FP två gånger per vecka under kontrollerade former i laboratoriemiljö på löpband. Träningen bestod av HIIT i 3-6 st x 6 min arbete med 4 min vila. Hyperoxigruppen fick tillgång till intermittent extra syre genom Oxelerate. Normoxigruppen fick normal rumsluft administrerad genom samma apparatur. Det gjordes tester innan och efter träningsperioden som bestod av ett submaximalt test för att fastställa laktattröskel och löpekonomi, samt ett maximalt syreupptagningstest där även prestationen mättes. Resultat De signifikanta (P <0,05) resultat studien kunde visa på var att prestationen förbättrades för alla FP efter sex veckors HIIT (414,6 ± 85,8 till 460,6 ± 80,4 sekunder). Maxlaktatet blev signifikant högre hos hyperoxigruppen (17,7 %) och signifikant lägre hos normoxigruppen (-19,1 %). Slutsats HIIT gav en signifikant ökad prestation för alla FP. Hyperoxi hade bara effekt på maxlaktat. Löpekonomin och VO2max var oförändrad efter sex veckors HIIT.

Uppsatsen tilldelades stipendiemedel ur Överste och Fru Adolf Janssons fond för HT 2014.

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Jernigan, Sara M. "Acceptability and Feasibility of a Dietary and Exercise Intervention Delivered via Telehealth Emphasizing the DASH Diet and High Intensity Interval Training for Adolescents with Elevated Weight Status: The DASH-IT Pilot Study." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563874531001719.

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Goulão, João Pedro Pereira de Carvalho. "Avaliação, prescrição e acompanhamento do exercício em contexto de Health e Fitness Club." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16835.

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O presente relatório reúne a descrição, análise e reflexão de todas as atividades e projetos desenvolvidos no estágio final de Mestrado em Exercício e Saúde que teve lugar no ginásio BLive Health & Fitness. Teve como principais objetivos: vivenciar e acompanhar os processos de avaliação, prescrição e acompanhamento do Exercício; acompanhar, cooperar e participar em atividades da instituição integradas no âmbito do estágio; aplicar os conhecimentos adquiridos na componente curricular do Mestrado às diversas populações; aprender e aprofundar conteúdos específicos na área de intervenção do estágio e outros correlacionados; participar na organização e concretização de eventos e conhecer as funções e obrigações do técnico de Exercício e Saúde. Contempla as seguintes atividades e projetos: instrutor BLive, Combine Training, acompanhamento de clientes, estudo BLive: “Comparação dos efeitos entre um treino de hipertrofia e um treino misto na força de membros inferiores, composição corporal e VO2 Máx.” e evento BLive: Combine Training – Team Work Challenge; Evaluation, Exercise prescription and tracking in Health and Fitness Club context Abstract: This report brings together the description, analysis and reflection of all activities and projects developed in the final stage of Masters in Exercise and Health which took place in the Blive Health & Fitness gym. Had as main objectives: experience and track the processes of evaluation, prescription and monitoring of the exercise; monitor, cooperate and participate in the institution's activities integrated within the stage; apply the knowledge acquired in the Masters curricular component to diverse populations; learn and deepen specific content on the stage of the intervention area and other related; participate in the organization and implementation of events and know the functions and duties of Exercise and Health technician. Includes the following activities and projects: Blive Trainer, Combine Training, clients tracking, Blive´s study: " Comparison of the effects between a hypertrophy training and a mixed training on the strength of lower limbs, body composition and VO2 Max." and Blive´s event: Combine Training - Team Work Challenge.

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Arroyo, Delgado Eliott. "Comparison of the Leukocyte Response to Interval Exercise versus Continuous Exercise." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1616695984469633.

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Steckling, Flávia Mariel. "EFEITOS DO TREINAMENTO NO PERFIL OXIDATIVO-INFLAMATÓRIO DE MULHERES COM SÍNDROME METABÓLICA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6725.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The modification of sedentary patterns added to sedentarism are strictly related to the increase in obesity and the onset of metabolic syndrome (MS). Obesity sets a causal relation with many diseases, including insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and a systemic inflammatory state common to such diseases. MS is closely associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. The index of women in post menopause with MS is growing, according to studies, since they are susceptible to oxidative stress frame. Although the regular practice of regular physical exercise is indicated as one of the best non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of MS, few studies have examined the effects of high-intensity interval training HIIT - isolated on oxidative, inflammatory, and anthropometric parameters for functional postmenopausal in women with MS, not concurrently it is not found in literature a period of detraining in the same population. The intervention consisted of three weekly sessions of HIIT protocol on treadmills, and the prescribed training intensity was individualized and controlled by heart monitors. The training consisted of 12 weeks and two weeks of detraining, with an effective increased estimating the maximum oxygen consumption after training, but after two weeks of detraining, it was observed a significant reduction. The following training protocol levels of nitrite and nitrate (NOx) increased and remained in the detraining period, as well as advanced products of protein oxidation (advanced oxidation protein products - AOPP). After twelve weeks of HIIT, it was not observed weight loss. Although we found significant improvement in the inflammatory profile, interleukin-1 beta levels (IL-1β), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) showed significant reduction after this period and returned to significant levels after the two weeks of detraining. HIIT also proved to be effective in increasing the levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and subsequently to two weeks of detraining partially reversed this benefit. Thus, it is concluded that this HIIT protocol was not sufficient to reduce oxidative stress, although the benefits of the inflammatory profile of this population given by the regular practice of high-intensity aerobic exercise are independent of weight loss.
As modificações nos padrões nutricionais somados ao sedentarismo estão relacionados com o aumento da obesidade e o surgimento da síndrome metabólica (SM). A obesidade estabelece relação de causa com diversas doenças, incluindo resistência insulínica, doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes tipo II e um estado inflamatório sistêmico comum a estas doenças. A SM está intimamente associada a inflamação crônica de baixo grau e ao estresse oxidativo. Mulheres na pós menopausa estão mais susceptíveis ao quadro de estresse oxidativo. A maior prevalência de SM é entre mulheres e o risco da SM aumenta em 60% na pós menopausa. Apesar da prática regular de exercícios físicos ser indicada como uma das melhores intervenções não farmacológicas para a prevenção e o tratamento da SM, poucos estudos analisaram os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT- high intesity interval training) isolado sobre parâmetros oxidativos, inflamatórios, antropométricos, funcionais de mulheres na pós menopausa com SM. Concomitantemente não encontra-se na literatura efeitos de um período de destreino nesta mesma população. A intervenção foi composta por três sessões semanais de um protocolo de HIIT em esteiras, sendo que a intensidade prescrita do treinamento foi individualizada e controlada através de monitores cardíacos. O treinamento foi composto de doze semanas e duas semanas de destreino e se mostrou efetivo na estimativa do consumo máximo de oxigênio após o treinamento, porém após as duas semanas de destreino observou-se uma redução significativa. O após o protocolo de treinamento os níveis de nitritos e nitratos (NOx) aumentaram e se mantiveram no período de destreino, assim como os produtos avançados de oxidação de proteínas (AOPP - advanced oxidation protein products). Após as doze semanas de HIIT não foi constatada redução ponderal, apesar de encontrarmos melhoras significativas no perfil inflamatório. Os níveis de interleucina-1 beta (IL-1β), interleucina-6 (IL-6), fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α), interferon-gama (INF-γ), apresentaram significativa redução após esse período, bem como retornaram a níveis significativos depois de duas semanas de destreino. O HIIT também se mostrou efetivo no aumento dos níveis da interleucina-10 (IL-10), e posterior a estas duas semanas reverteram parcialmente esse benefício. Assim, conclui-se que este protocolo HIIT não foi suficiente para reduzir o estresse oxidativo, porém os benefícios sobre o perfil inflamatório dessa população oportunizados pela prática regular de exercícios aeróbios de alta intensidade são independentes da perda ponderal.

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Herbert, Peter. "An examination of low volume, high intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness, peak power and quality of life in ageing men." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.731777.

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Boukabous, Inès. "Faisabilité de l’entrainement par intervalles à faible volume et comparaison de ses effets aux recommandations en matière d’exercice aérobie chez la femme âgée ayant une obésité abdominale." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11849.

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La prévalence de l’obésité abdominale a augmenté chez les personnes âgées et ce, particulièrement chez les femmes. Connaissant les risques associés de maladies chroniques, il est important de développer des stratégies efficaces permettant de réduire l’accumulation de graisse abdominale. Depuis quelques années maintenant, il est suggéré que l’entrainement par intervalles à haute intensité (HIIT) de faible volume (75 min/semaine) est une stratégie efficace pour induire une perte de masse grasse, améliorer le profil métabolique et la capacité fonctionnelle chez les personnes en surpoids, tout en favorisant une réponse affective à l’effort qui est supérieure à celle induite par l’exercice continu d’intensité modérée. Néanmoins, la faisabilité et l’impact d’une telle stratégie chez les femmes âgées, les plus touchées par l’obésité abdominale, demeurent à démontrer. D’autre part, il existe des discordances quant aux effets du HIIT de faible volume comparativement à ceux observés en réponse aux recommandations actuelles en matière d’exercice aérobie. Ainsi, l’objectif principal de ce mémoire était d’établir la faisabilité d’un programme de 8 semaines de HIIT de faible volume et de comparer ses effets à ceux obtenus en réponse aux recommandations actuelles en matière d’exercice (150 min/semaine d’exercice aérobie d’intensité modérée; CONT) sur la masse grasse, le profil métabolique et la capacité fonctionnelle chez des femmes âgées présentant une obésité abdominale. Méthodes: Au départ, 40 femmes ont été appelées pour participer au projet. De ces 40 femmes, 21 rencontraient les critères de sélection et ont été évaluées dans notre laboratoire. Suite aux évaluations initiales, 3 femmes ont été exclues (pré-diabète n=1 ; problèmes cardiaques décelés lors de l’épreuve cardiorespiratoire n = 2). Au total, 18 femmes âgées (60-75 ans) en santé, physiquement inactives (< 60 min d’exercice structuré par semaine) et présentant une obésité abdominale (circonférence de la taille: ≥ 88 cm) ont été recrutées et ont complété l’étude. Les participantes ont été réparties aléatoirement parmi deux groupes: 1) HIIT (n = 9) ou 2) CONT (n = 9). Les variables suivantes ont été mesurées avant et après 8 semaines d’intervention: anthropométrie (poids, taille, circonférence de la taille) ; composition corporelle (masse grasse totale, du tronc et viscérale, masse maigre ; iDXA) ; profil métabolique à jeun (profil lipidique, glucose et insuline) ; capacité fonctionnelle (test de marche de 6 minutes, tests de capacité fonctionnelle, tests de force maximale et capacité aérobie maximale : VO2 max). La faisabilité fut établie avec le taux de complétion (abandon, adhérence à l’intervention) et la réponse affective, qui fut mesurée avant et après chaque séance d’entrainement pendant les 8 semaines d’intervention. Résultats: Le taux de complétion était élevé et similaire dans les deux groupes (HIIT : 92,7 ± 4,1 %; CONT : 94,7 ± 3,1 %), il n’y a eu aucun abandon. La réponse affective, avant et après chaque séance d’exercice, était élevée (HIIT : avant 4,2 ± 0,6 vs. après 4,2 ± 1,1 ; CONT : avant 4,0 ± 0,8 vs. après 4 ,2 ± 1,0), en plus d’être similaire entre les groupes (toutes valeurs de p ≥ 0,58). Au départ, les femmes des deux groupes présentaient une faible capacité aérobie (VO2 max : HIIT : 20,3 ± 4,6 mL/kg/min et CONT : 20,1 ± 2,6 mL/kg/min). Bien que la composition corporelle soit demeurée inchangée, les niveaux plasmatiques de cholestérol total (p = 0,013), de cholestérol non-HDL (p = 0,005) et de cholestérol LDL (p = 0,001) ont diminué dans les deux groupes de façon similaire. La distance parcourue au test de marche de 6 minutes a augmenté (p < 0,0001) et la pression artérielle diastolique avant le début du test à diminuée (p = 0,023) chez toutes les participantes. Le nombre de répétitions réalisées au test de flexion du coude (arm curl) a augmenté (p = 0,046) dans les deux groupes. Conclusion: Un programme de 8 semaines de HIIT de faible volume est faisable par les femmes âgées inactives qui présentent une obésité abdominale et une faible capacité aérobie. Néanmoins, 8 semaines de HIIT ou de CONT ne suffisent pas pour améliorer la composition corporelle chez des femmes âgées présentant une obésité abdominale. Cependant, avec seulement la moitié du temps des recommandations actuelles en matière d’exercice aérobie (75 vs. 150 min/semaine) et la moitié de la dépense énergétique, le HIIT de faible volume a permis d’obtenir les mêmes améliorations pour le profil lipidique et la capacité fonctionnelle que l’exercice continu d’intensité modérée chez des femmes âgées qui étaient physiquement inactives avant l’intervention. Ces résultats démontrent que le HIIT de faible volume est une stratégie d’intervention faisable et équivalente aux recommandations actuelles en matière d’exercice aérobie chez les femmes âgées en santé mais préalablement physiquement inactives.

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Okamura, Alexandre Basseto. "Efeitos de diferentes protocolos de treinamento de alta intensidade sobre indicadores de saúde e desempenho em jovens adultos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172971.

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Introdução: Baixos níveis de atividade física vêm sendo constatados nas diversas classes e faixas etárias da população brasileira, inclusive entre os jovens que anualmente se alistam para ingressar nas Forças Armadas. Este quadro compromete diretamente a saúde e a qualidade de vida destes jovens adultos, enquanto a realização de uma rotina de treinamento físico está relacionada com a prevenção de diversas doenças. O treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) é um método que tem demostrado ser eficiente para melhorar os níveis de aptidão e atividade física, bem como de indicadores de saúde como % gordura, % massa magra, aptidão cardiorrespiratória (VO2pico), perfis lipídico e glicêmico, em diversas populações. Partindo desta premissa, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar e comparar os efeitos crônicos de diferentes protocolos de treinamento de alta intensidade sobre indicadores de saúde e desempenho em jovens adultos militares. Metodologia: Dois grupos, compostos por militares homens entre 18 e 20 anos, foram submetidos durante 12 semanas, três vezes por semana, a dois diferentes protocolos de treinamento de HIIT previstos nos manuais do Exército: o treinamento intervalado aeróbio (TIA), e a corrida variada (CV). Os indivíduos foram avaliados pré e pósintervenção, sendo analisadas variáveis cardiorrespiratórias, antropométricas, glicêmicas e lipídicas relacionadas à saúde e ao desempenho, bem como teste de Cooper e salto vertical em plataforma de força. Resultados: Observou-se em ambos os grupos uma redução das dobras cutâneas (-12,7% e -7,1%, respectivamente para os grupos TIA e CV, p=0,002), assim como um aumento da massa livre de gordura (MLG) (TIA = 4,0%, CV = 2,2%), com esta diferença sendo significativamente maior para o grupo TIA (p=0,045). Também foi verificada uma melhora pós-intervenção no VO2pico (p=0,028), tanto para o grupo TIA (2,9%) como para o grupo CV (5,5%), havendo diferença significativa em favor do grupo CV (p=0,013). Da análise bioquímica, constatou-se que os dois treinamentos foram capazes de aumentar os níveis de HDL (TIA=10,3% e CV=20,7%, p=0,001) e diminuir a glicemia de jejum (TIA=-4,23% e CV=-4,33%, p=0,025). Adicionalmente, o grupo TIA apresentou um aumento significativo no teste squat jump (10,5%, p=0,011) e na potência de membros inferiores (8,1%, p=0,016). Os dois protocolos apresentaram um ganho significativo e tamanho de efeito muito grande no teste de Cooper (p<0,001, TIA d=1,865 e CV d=1,394), assim como um aumento significativo e tamanho de efeito grande para velocidade de segundo limiar ventilatório (vLV2) (p=0,001, TIA d=1,016 e CV d=1,173), velocidade deVO2pico (vVO2pico) (p<0,001, TIA d=1,047 e CV d=0,885) e velocidade máxima no teste ergométrico (vMáx) (p<0,001, TIA d=0,875 e CV d=0,773). Conclusão: Ambos os protocolos de treinamento foram efetivos em promover a melhora da composição corporal, do perfil lipídico e glicêmico, contribuindo para uma manutenção dos indicadores de saúde, sendo o treinamento intervalado mais eficaz no ganho de massa livre de gordura. Além disso, os dois tipos de treino parecem influenciar positivamente nas variáveis de desempenho, com destaque para a CV no ganho cardiorrespiratório, e para o TIA no aumento da potência de membros inferiores.
Introduction: Low levels of physical activity have been observed in the different groups of the Brazilian population, including the young people who annually join the Armed Forces. This framework influence directly health and quality of life of those young adults, while the carrying out of a physical training is related to prevention of various diseases. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a method that has been shown to be efficient in improving fitness and physical activity levels, as well as health indicators such as fat mass, lean mass, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), lipid profile and glycemic control in several populations. Based on this premise, this study aimed to analyze and compare the chronic effects of different high intensity training protocols on health and performance indicators in young military adults. Methods: Two training groups, consisting of military men between the ages of 18 and 20, underwent two different HIIT protocols, foreseen in the Army manuals: aerobic interval training (TIA), and varied running (CV). Individuals were evaluated before and after the intervention period, in cardiorespiratory, anthropometric, glycemic and lipid parameters related to health and performance, as well as the Cooper’s test and vertical jump tests in force platform. Results: There was a reduction of skin folds in both groups (-12.7% and - 7.1%, respectively for TIA and CV groups, p = 0.002), as well as an increase in free fat mass (MLG) (TIA = 4.0%, CV = 2.2%), with significant difference for TIA group (p = 0.045). VO2peak improvement (p = 0.028) was also observed for both TIA group (2.9%) and CV group (5.5%), with significant difference in favor of CV group (p = 0.013). From blood analysis, it was found that both training protocols were able to increase HDL levels (TIA = 10.3% and CV = 20.7%, p = 0.001) and to decrease fasting glycaemia (TIA = -4, 23% and CV = -4.33%, p = 0.025). In addition, TIA group showed a significant increase in squat jump test (10.5%, p = 0.011) and lower limbs power (8.1%, p = 0.016). The two protocols showed a significant improve and very large effect size in Cooper's test (p <0.001, TIA d = 1.865 and CV d = 1.394), as well as a significant increase and large effect size for second ventilatory threshold speed (vLV2) (p = 0.001, TIA = 1.016 and CV d = 1.173), VO2peak speed (vVO2peak) (p <0.001, TIA d = 1.047 and CV d = 0.885) and ergometric test maximum speed vMáx (p <0.001, TIA d = 0.875 and CV d = 0.773). Conclusion: Both training protocols are effective in improve body composition, lipid and glycemic profile, contributing to maintain health indicators, with TIA method being more effective in free-fat mass increase. Besides, the two training seem to influence positively the performance variables, with emphasis on CV method in cardiorespiratory improvement, and on TIA method in lower limbs power increase.

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Irvine, Christopher J. "The Determination of Total Energy Expenditure During and Following Repeated High-Intensity Intermittent Sprint Work." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1431340262.

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Besnier, Florent. "Modulations du système nerveux autonome et de l'architecture cardiaque par l'activité physique dans le traitement de l'insuffisance cardiaque chronique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30186/document.

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L'insuffisance cardiaque chronique (ICC) est une maladie dite " systémique " caractérisée notamment par le dérèglement de la balance végétative cardiaque et par un remodelage de l'architecture du tissu cardiaque. En rééducation cardiovasculaire, l'activité physique (AP) modérée et régulière joue un rôle majeur : améliorant les symptômes, la qualité de vie, l'aptitude physique des patients, elle permet de réduire les ré-hospitalisations et impacte favorablement la morbi-mortalité. Dans un premier travail bibliographique nous proposons une synthèse des effets bénéfiques de l'AP chez l'ICC, sur le rééquilibrage de l'activité orthosympathique et parasympathique. Puis, dans un deuxième travail, nous montrons que le réentraînement à l'effort par intervalles, court, intense, avec récupération passive améliore plus efficacement la capacité physique et le tonus vagal chez le patient ICC comparativement à un entraînement d'intensité modérée et continue. Enfin dans un troisième travail initié chez le rongeur en IC systolique post-ischémique, les analyses histologiques indiquent que l'entraînement débuté très tôt après la phase aigüe (J+7), provoque à la fois une hypertrophie et une amélioration de l'organisation structurelle des cardiomyocytes (alignement de l'appareil contractile, réorganisation de l'agencement des mitochondries inter-fibrillaires et des disques intercalaires). Par contre, la question de la prolifération des cardiomyocytes induite par l'entraînement reste entière pour le moment. En synthèse, notre projet Doctoral s'articule autour d'un projet clinique chez le patient ICC et d'une étude fondamentale chez la souris IC post-ischémique. L'objectif général de ces travaux est de déterminer de nouvelles caractéristiques pour les programmes d'exercice physique dans l'ICC, utilisables en pratique clinique courante au cours de la réadaptation cardiovasculaire
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by the disruption of the cardiac vegetative balance and by a remodelling of the architecture of the cardiac tissue. Moderate and regular physical activity (PA) is the cornerstone of the cardiovascular rehabilitation programs. By improving symptoms, quality of life, physical fitness of the patients, PA also reduce re-hospitalization and had a favourable impact on morbi-mortality. In a first work, we propose a review of the beneficial effects of PA in patients with CHF, on the sympathovagal balance activity. Then, in a second work, we show that short high intensity interval training with passive recovery is more efficient than moderate intensity and continuous training to improve physical fitness and vagal tone in CHF patients. Finally, in a third work initiated in the rodent with post-ischemic heart failure, the histological analyses indicate that early (D+7, after the acute coronary syndrome) exercise training-induced both hypertrophy and an improvement of the structural organization of the cardiomyocytes. The question of exercise training-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation remains. In summary, our PhD project is based on two studies merging clinical trial and basic research. The overall goal of this work is to identify new features for physical exercise training programs in CHF that can be used in routine care during cardiovascular rehabilitation

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Al-Mawali, Nasser, and n/a. "Country-specific determinants of vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade: an empirical analysis of South Africa." University of Canberra. Business & Government, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060526.120413.

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The principal purpose of this study is to provide a refined empirical investigation concerning country-specific determinants of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade (IIT,) in relation to South Africa using the gravity model of trade in a panel data setting. Prior to investigating the case of South Africa's intra-industry trade a critical review of the relevant theoretical, methodologcal, and empirical literature is provided. The study operationalises the theoretical dstinction between horizontal and vertical IIT using the latest methodology of decomposing total IIT into horizontal intra-industry trade (HIIq and vertical intra-industry trade (WIT,). Thts study makes several advances on earlier empirical studies of intra-industry trade determinants. These include the introduction of new countq-specific determinants of intraindustry trade that previous studies have not examined. Furthermore, it is the first empirical study that traces the relationshp between intra-industry trade flows and intellectual property rights (IPRs). Moreover, to ensure the sensitivity and robustness of the results, several econometric approaches have been used in estimating the gravity model of South Africa's intra-industry trade: the consistent coefficient approach, the fixed effects approach, the random effects approach, and the between effects approach. The econometric results are generally satisfactory in terms of economic interpretation and statistical significance and thus offer new empirical validation to the theoretical explanatory variables. The key findngs suggest the following: the volume of South Africa's IIT has increased during the study period and its WIT exceeds its HIIT. The latter result reflects the nature of South Africa's trade as it imports high valued added products and exports primary and mineral products. South Africa's intra-industry trade and its two components are positively related to market size and standard of living, and negatively related to geographcal distance. Furthermore, separately, the IPRs and the imitation ability of South Africa's tradmg partners are not important factors in determining IIT flows; however, the interaction between them is an important factor. Thts study also reveals South Africa should pursue its intra-industry trade with rest of world concentrating on local industries that produce most competitive varieties, absorbing labor and other resources from the production of other varieties.

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Bubnis, Michelle F. "Examining the Relationship Between Training Environment and Muscle Dysmorphia Symptoms." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1596.

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Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) is characterized by preoccupation with muscularity. Although there is a growing body of research concerning MD, there is a lack of research concerning the potential role exercise training environment has on the clinical features of MD. The purpose of this study was to compare MD symptomology in traditional strength-trained (TRAD) individuals to individuals training in communal high intensity functional training environments (HIFT). Participants were recruited from both types of facilities. Participants (N=376) completed online (Qualtrics) demographics survey and Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (MDI). One-way ANOVA compared the effect of training environment on MDI scores among HIFT, TRAD, both HIFT and TRAD (BOTH), home gym (HOME), and “OTHER.” Training environment significantly affected MDI for the 5 environments [F (4, 345) = 3.765, p = .005, d = 0.737]. Mean score for TRAD (M = 111.73, SD = 20. 39, [107.78, 115.68]) was significantly higher than HIFT (M = 102.20, SD = 19.59, [99.17, 105.23]). MDI for BOTH (M= 107.06, SD = 18.01, [100.77, 113.34]), HOME (M = 108.89, SD = 22.80, [99.86, 117.90]), and OTHER condition (M = 108.19, SD = 22.43, [97.97, 118.40]) did not significantly differ from HIFT or TRAD. Results suggest training environment is correlated with levels of MD symptomology. Specifically, males and females with higher levels of MD symptoms prefer to train in a traditional training environment, which is potentially more conducive to facilitating and perpetuating MD symptomology. The results of this study provide insight into the social physique anxiety associated with MD, as participants with higher levels of MD symptoms do not prefer to train in a HIFT environment where training occurs communally and other gym members provide extrinsic motivation. Additionally, the results of the present study further our understanding into the psychopathology of MD in that the motivating factors related to aesthetics (high level of body focus) associated with a TRAD environment take precedence over the motivating factors relating to selfimprovement and the desire to increase functional fitness that is associated with a HIFT environment. Results may provide knowledge for creating optimal treatment programs for individuals with clinical MD.

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Magier, Adam Z. "Design and Process Evaluation of a High Intensity Interval Training Program for Adolescents who are Overweight or Obese and are Enrolled in a Multi-modal Intervention." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554373454906181.

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Gu, Yu. "Early-onset type 2 diabetes: nerve function, impacts of high-intensity interval training, and exercise program acceptability." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25024.

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Diabetes is recognised as the world’s fastest growing chronic condition. The prevalence of early-onset type 2 diabetes (diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before the age of 45 years) has risen sharply over the past decades, with lack of physical activity and excessive sedentary behaviour being important contributing factors. Early-onset type 2 diabetes is associated with earlier onset of diabetes-related complications, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy and brachial arterial stiffness. Exercise is a well-established, first-line management strategy for type 2 diabetes, but there is limited high quality research on whether people with early-onset type 2 diabetes respond to exercise in the same way as people with late-onset type 2 diabetes. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on nerve function, endothelial function, aerobic fitness, physical activity, quality of life, and attitude to exercise through the use of qualitative and quantitative methodologies in people with early-onset type 2 diabetes. The thesis also examined how people with early-onset type 2 diabetes differed (at baseline) from matched controls without diabetes in the above outcome measures. The first study in the thesis is a systematic review (Chapter 2), that demonstrated aerobic exercise can be effective in improving nerve function in people with type 2 diabetes. The second study in the thesis is a pilot randomised controlled trial. (Chapters 3, 4) An eight-week HIIT program was carried out among eleven people with early-onset type 2 diabetes. The study found participants had significant improvement in aerobic fitness after the HIIT program, with little change in glycated haemoglobin, nerve function, endothelial function, physical activity, attitude to exercise, or quality of life. The qualitative component of the study identified many barriers that hindered participants’ engagement in diabetes services and regular exercise, and revealed a boom bust exercise history. A cross-sectional study (Chapter 6, 7) compared participants with early-onset type 2 diabetes to age-, gender-, ethnicity- and body mass index-matched control participants without diabetes. There was no significant difference between the two groups in nerve function and aerobic fitness. HbA1c was significantly correlated with a variety of nerve and anthropometric measures, and VO2peak was significantly correlated with a variety of nerve and endothelial function outcome measurements. Participants with early-onset type 2 diabetes demonstrated lower level of physical activity and autonomous regulation (a component of self-determination theory) of exercise engagement when compared to control participants. Level of physical activity was correlated with autonomous regulation. Overall, the findings from this thesis demonstrated HIIT was safe, feasible and acceptable to offer to people with early-onset type 2 diabetes who had no pre-existing complications. A behavioural intervention might be needed to promote long-term exercise engagement and maintenance. Other impacts of HIIT in this cohort need to be confirmed by larger trials including people with different severity of complications.

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Lee, Jacqueline. "The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Executive Function in Adolescents Hospitalized for a Mental Illness." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39150.

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Introduction: Impaired inhibitory control, one of the core executive functions, is common among individuals with mental illness. However, inhibitory control is essential for successful treatment and recovery. Inhibitory control is extremely vulnerable to developmental disruption during adolescence, a time when mental illness is first diagnosed. An acute bout of exercise has been shown to improve inhibitory control in healthy adolescents, however, to our knowledge there are no studies evaluating this effect in adolescents with mental illness. Purpose: The primary goal of this project was to examine the effect of an acute bout of high-intensity interval training on inhibitory control immediately, and 30 minutes following exercise in adolescents hospitalized for mental illness. The secondary goal was to assess the feasibility of using this type of exercise as an adjunct to current treatment. Methods: Participants were recruited through the inpatient mental health unit at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario. They performed exercise and control conditions in a randomized, counterbalanced manner. The Colour-Word Stroop Task was assessed pre, post, and 30-minutes-post on both days. The exercise condition included a 12 minute HIIT circuit, consisting of body weight exercises performed in a 1:1 work to rest ratio. The control condition involved reading magazines. Repeated-measures ANOVA evaluated changes in Interference Cost, the reaction time cost of responding to trials where the ink and colour do not match, and overall accuracy. Feasibility was assessed through recruitment and completion rates, as well as changes in affect and acceptability of the high-intensity interval training. Results: There was a significant interaction between condition and time for the Interference Cost measure, F(1.6,43.3)=13.6, p<.0001, η2=.34. Interference Cost was similar for both conditions at baseline (Mdiff = 12.4±11.11, p=.28). Interference Cost was significantly reduced immediately (Mdiff = 78.8±14.91, p<.001) and 30-minutes post-exercise (Mdiff = 59.6±15.14, p=.001) compared to control. Response accuracy did not differ by time, F(2,54)=.14, p<=.87, η2=.01 nor condition, F(1,27)=2.25, p=.15, η2=.08. After exercise, participants increased positive affect (mean difference = 4.3±8.09, p=.009) and were willing to perform the exercise before therapy sessions (rating = 6.4±2.75 out of 10). Conclusion: These findings suggest that high-intensity interval training could be used to improve inhibitory control in adolescents with mental illness, which has the potential to enhance the efficacy of their treatment. Future research should determine the impact of individual factors, such as diagnosis, medication, age of illness onset, length of hospitalization, and treatment history, on inhibitory control improvement after exercise.

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Pinheiro, Pedro Ivo de Souza. "Efeitos dos exerc?cios aer?bio cont?nuo e intervalado na variabilidade da frequ?ncia card?aca em adultos jovens saud?veis. Ensaio cl?nico aleat?rio." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20817.

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O exerc?cio intervalado de alta intensidade tem sido apontado como op??o para o aumento da pr?tica da atividade f?sica al?m de ser sugerido no manejo terap?utico de diversas condi??es como diabetes mellitus e insufici?ncia card?aca. Contudo, o conhecimento pleno das suas repercuss?es fisiol?gicas e dos par?metros que possam trazer maior seguran?a quanto ? sua prescri??o; em especial os efeitos a curto e m?dio prazo (24 horas ap?s o exerc?cio) sobre a recupera??o do exerc?cio, necessitam ser esclarecidos. O objetivo do presente trabalho ? avaliar a repercuss?o de uma sess?o de exerc?cio aer?bico cont?nuo e intervalado no controle auton?mico card?aco imediato e em m?dio prazo (24 horas), atrav?s da avalia??o da variabilidade da frequ?ncia card?aca (VFC). Trata-se de um ensaio cl?nico randomizado do tipo crossover onde indiv?duos jovens saud?veis e com baixo n?vel de atividade f?sica tiveram a VFC de 24 horas mensurada atrav?s de frequenc?metro e aceler?metro port?til (eMotion HRV 3D, Kuopio, Finl?ndia) antes e ap?s sess?o de exerc?cio aer?bio cont?nuo (60-70% FCmax, 21min.) e intervalado (ciclo 1 min. a 80-90% FCmax, 2 min. a 50-60% FCmax, dura??o 21 min.). A VFC foi avaliada nos dom?nio tempo e frequ?ncia e o balan?o simpatovagal determinado pela raz?o LF/HF. Avalia??o n?o linear foi calculada pela entropia de Shannon. O dados demonstraram retardo na recupera??o imediata da frequ?ncia card?aca p?s exerc?cio e menor FC 24 horas comparados a valores pr? interven??o, principalmente no exerc?cio intervalado. Houve tend?ncia ? maior predom?nio e valores de ?ndices representantes da estimula??o simp?tica durante o dia no grupo de exerc?cio intervalado; contudo, sem signific?ncia estat?stica. O resultados do estudo auxiliam no esclarecimento das repercuss?es do exerc?cio intervalado nas 24 horas que sucedem a interven??o permitindo par?metros para prescri??o e futura avalia??o de grupos de indiv?duos com patologias metab?licas e cardiovasculares.
The high-intensity interval exercise has been described as an option for increasing physical activity and its use also being suggested in the therapeutic management of many conditions such as diabetes mellitus and heart failure. However, the knowledge of its physiological effects and parameters that can assure greater safety for interval exercise prescription; especially its effect on short- and medium-term (24 hours after exercise) exercise recovery, need to be clarified. This study objective was to evaluate the effect of continuous and interval aerobic exercise on the cardiac autonomic control immediate and medium term (24 hours), by assessing heart rate variability (HRV). The present study is a randomized crossover clinical trial in which healthy young individuals with low level of physical activity had the VFC 24 hours measured by a heart rate sensor and portable accelerometer (3D eMotion HRV, Kuopio, Finland) before and after continuous aerobic exercise (60-70% HR max, 21 min.) and interval exercise (cycle 1 min. 80-90% HR max, 2 min. at 50-60% HR max, duration 21 min.). HRV was measured in the time and frequency domain and the sympathovagal balance determined by the ratio LF / HF. Nonlinear evaluation was calculated by Shannon entropy. The data demonstrated delayed heart rate recovery immediate after exercise and lower HR after 24 hours compared to pre intervention values, especially in the interval exercise group. There was a tendency to higher predominance and representatives index values of sympathetic stimulation during the day in interval exercise group; however, without statistical significance. The study results help to clarify the effects of interval exercise on the 24 hours following interval exercise, setting parameters for prescription and for further evaluation of groups with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

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Freitas, Daniel Almeida. "Efeito do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre o hipocampo e c?rtex cerebral de ratos Wistar: an?lise de par?metros neuroinflamat?rios, status redox, neurotr?fico e em tarefas de mem?ria." UFVJM, 2017. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1785.

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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
O treinamento f?sico de intensidade leve e moderada est?o associados a efeitos neurais ben?ficos, contudo o exerc?cio de alta intensidade cont?nuo a efeitos neurais mal?ficos, pouco ? conhecido sobre os efeitos do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade em ingl?s high intensity interval training (HIIT) em par?metros neuroqu?micos e de mem?ria. O presente estudo avaliou em ratos da linhagem Wistar os efeitos de 6 semanas de HIIT sobre o estado redox, concentra??o de mediadores inflamat?rios fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-?), interleucina 1-beta (IL-1?), interleucina 6 (IL-6) e interleucina 10 (IL-10) e do fator neurotr?fico derivado c?rebro, do ingl?s brain derived neurothrophic factor (BDNF) no hipocampo e c?rtex cerebral. Al?m disso, foi avaliado o desempenho nas tarefas de reconhecimento espacial de objeto (hipocampo-dependente) e tarefa de reconhecimento de novo objeto (c?rtex-dependente). O presente estudo aprovado pela Comiss?o de Experimenta??o Animal (CEUA-UFVJM) sob n?mero de protocolo (031/2015). Ap?s 6 semanas de HIIT, os animais apresentaram redu??o de 28,57% do conte?do de esp?cies reativas ao ?cido tiobarbit?rico (TBARS) e aumento de 75% da atividade da enzima super?xido dismutase (SOD) e de 50,83% da capacidade antioxidante total pelo m?todo de redu??o do ferro (FRAP - ?Ferric reducing ability of plasma).no hipocampo. Al?m disso, o HIIT reduziu a concentra??o de mediadores neuroimunes no hipocampo (TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6 e IL-10) respectivamente em (24,8%;13,9%; 33,93% e 16,33%), aumentou a concentra??o de BDNF em 60,21% e n?o interferiu no desempenho dos animais nas tarefas de reconhecimento espacial de objeto e reconhecimento de novo objeto. Nenhum dos par?metros investigados foram alterados no c?rtex cerebral. O presente estudo mostrou efeito positivo de 6 semanas de HIIT espec?fico por regi?o cerebral, sendo que tais modifica??es resultaram em efeitos neurais ben?ficos no hipocampo de animais submetidos a um treinamento for?ado.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.
Although High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is associated with neuroprotection, there is no information available on the balance of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as redox status, expression of neurotrophins and their impacts on different neural substrates and cognitive function. The present study evaluated the effects of a 6 weeks HIIT protocol on redox homeostasis, concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1?), interleukin 6 (IL -6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of Wistar rats.In addition, we evaluated the performance in the object spatial recognition tasks (hippocampus-dependent) and the new object recognition task (cortex-dependent). After 6 weeks of the HIIT protocol, the animals showed a reduction in the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and an increase in the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in the total antioxidant capacity evaluated by the iron reduction method (FRAP - Ferric reducing ability of plasma) in the hippocampus. In addition, HIIT reduced the concentration of neuroimmune mediators in the hippocampus (TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6 and IL-10), increased BDNF concentration and did not interfere in the performance of animals in the object recognition task. None of the investigated parameters were altered in the cerebral cortex. The present study was the first to show positive effect of 6 weeks of HIIT on specific brain-region, and such modifications result in a neuroprotective effect in the hippocampus of animals submitted to the stress of forced training.

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Boynton, Jason R. "The effects of environmental temperature on high-intensity interval training." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2341.

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Endurance athletes typically spend the large majority of training (> 70%) at low intensities (i.e. below lactate threshold) coupled with short and intermittent bouts of high-intensity exercise or interval training (HIIT). Despite HIIT being a relatively small part of training in terms of duration, it has a substantial effect on the adaptations to endurance training. While it is well-established endurance exercise performance is affected in both hot and cold environmental conditions, the effect ambient temperature (TA; frequently referred to as environmental temperature) has on HIIT as performed by an endurance athlete population is not well understood. Therefore, the overall purpose of this thesis was to investigate the effects TA has on HIIT in an endurance trained population. Specifically, this thesis aimed to increase the understanding of how TA acutely affects performance and physiological responses during high-intensity intervals (Study 1); how repeated exposure to TA manipulates physiological responses during high-intensity intervals (Study 2), and how TA affects performance outcomes of a HIIT intervention (Study 3). In Study 1, eleven well-trained cyclists completed 4 interval sessions at 5°C, 13°C, 22°C, and 35°C (55 ± 13% RH) in a randomised order. Each session involved 5 x 4-minute intervals interspersed with 5 minutes of recovery. During the intervals, power output, core temperature (TC), oxygen consumption (VO2), and heart rate (HR) were recorded. It was hypothesized that the 13°C condition would have the highest mean power output compared to the other TA conditions. However, mean session power output for 13°C (366 ± 32 W) was not significantly different than 5°C (363 ± 32 W), 22°C (364 ± 36 W), or 35°C (352 ± 31 W). Power output was lower in the 5th interval of the 35°C condition, compared with all other TA. TC was higher in 22°C compared with both 5°C and 13°C (P= .001). VO2 was not different across TA. HR was higher in the 4th and 5th intervals of 35°C compared with 5°C and 13°C. It was concluded well-trained cyclists performing maximal high-intensity aerobic intervals can achieve near optimal power output over a broader range of TA than previous literature may indicate. Study 1 indicated TA had acute effects on performance and physiological responses during high-intensity aerobic intervals, especially in terms of cardiovascular stress. However, whether acute cardiorespiratory and thermoregulatory responses during high-intensity intervals change as a result of repeated TA exposures (i.e. during HIIT) was unknown. In Study 2, 20 trained cyclists and triathletes completed a 4-week (8 session) HIIT intervention in either cool (13°C) or hot (35°C) conditions. The HIIT intervention utilized the interval protocol from Study 1 and recorded cardiopulmonary and thermoregulatory measures during the first (INT8) and last (INT8) sessions. It was observed that time spent at or near maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) during HIIT was greater in 13°C (877 ± 297 seconds) than 35°C (421 ± 395 seconds), but did not change for either TA condition between INT1 and INT8. HR was not significantly different between 13°C (164 ± 9 bpm) and 35°C HIIT (164 ± 12 bpm). TC significantly decreased in 35°C HIIT between INT1 and INT8. These results potentially indicate the relationship between time spent at or near VO2max and cardiovascular strain during HIIT is influenced by TA. Additionally, HIIT performed intermittently (~2x per week) at 35°C resulted in demonstrated evidence for heat acclimation in endurance athletes. Study 1 and Study 2 provided findings for performance, cardiorespiratory, and thermoregulatory responses during acute high-intensity interval sessions and after repeated exposure to TA. In particular, differences in time spent at or near VO2max between 13°C and 35°C HIIT, and changes in thermoregulatory responses over the course of a HIIT intervention both have the potential to affect endurance performance outcomes and coinciding physiological responses. In order to investigate this, Study 3 evaluated submaximal warm-ups and 20 km time-trials in temperate conditions (22°C) before (TT1) and after (TT2) the HIIT interventions from Study 2. Gross mechanical efficiency (GME) was measured during the warm-up (at 50% peak power output), whilst power output and HR were measured during the 20 km TT. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and body temperature (TB) were measured through the warm-up and time-trial. It was demonstrated that time-trial power output was increased after HIIT interventions in both the 13°C (3%; HIIT13) and 35°C (7%; HIIT35), yet no differences between groups for power output, HR, or RPE were noted. Within subject increases for HR and RPE during the 20 km time-trial were noted in HIIT13, but not in HIIT35. GME approached a significant decrease (P= .051) in HIIT13. A significant interaction in TB was observed between groups and TT1 and TT2 during both the 20 km time-trial and submaximal warm-up. These findings indicate that HIIT performed in hot and cool conditions result in similar temperate time-trial performance outcomes. However, changes in cardiorespiratory, thermoregulatory, and subjective responses during aerobic exercise after a HIIT intervention appear to be dependent on the TA HIIT is performed in. The results of this thesis demonstrate TA acutely affects performance, and cardiorespiratory and thermoregulatory responses during high-intensity intervals; repeated exposures to TA during HIIT can stimulate changes in thermoregulatory responses; and TA exposure during HIIT has limited effect on temperate endurance performance, yet affects coinciding cardiorespiratory, thermoregulatory, and subjective responses. These findings will assist coaches and athletes to make better informed decisions relating to HIIT prescription and acclimating endurance athletes to TA.

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Herget, Sabine, Sandra Reichardt, Andrea Grimm, David Petroff, Jakob Käpplinger, Michael Haase, Jana Markert, and Susann Blüher. "High-intensity interval training for overweight adolescents." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-213799.

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High-intensity interval training (HIIT) consists of short intervals of exercise at high intensity intermitted by intervals of lower intensity and is associated with improvement of body composition and metabolic health in adults. Studies in overweight adolescents are scarce. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in overweight adolescents to compare acceptance and attendance of HIIT with or without weekly motivational encouragement through text messages and access to a study website. HIIT was offered for six months (including summer vacation) twice a week (60 min/session). Participation rates were continuously assessed and acceptance was measured. Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and after six months. Twenty-eight adolescents participated in this study (age 15.5 +/- 1.4; 54% female). The standard deviation score for body mass index over all participants was 2.33 at baseline and decreased by 0.026 (95% CI - 0.048 to 0.10) units, p = 0.49. Waist to height ratio was 0.596 at baseline and decreased by 0.013 (95% CI 0.0025 to 0.024), p = 0.023. Participation within the first two months ranged from 65% to 75%, but fell to 15% within the last three months. Attendance in the intervention group was 14% (95% CI - 8 to 37), p = 0.18, higher than the control group. Overall program content was rated as \"good\" by participants, although high drop-out rates were observed. Summer months constitute a serious problem regarding attendance. The use of media support has to be assessed further in appropriately powered trials.

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Falgin, Jonas, and Kaisa Blomster. "Svenska crossfitutövares bakgrund, skadeprevalens & förekommande skadekategorier : En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Idrottsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24339.

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Introduction: Crossfit is a modern sport that yearly expands worldwide. The goal of the sport is to develop performance and fitness so athletes can optimize their performance in many training categories. Furthermore, the sports WOD:s is complex, where many physiological challenges occur. The athlete is forced to push their limits of the movements, where there is a possibility for failure between the muscle fibers activation and synchronization. This can risk the sports security regarding injuries because of insufficient motor performance. A study from 2014 estimate the injury prevalence in crossfit to be 20%. Meanwhile a study from 2017 showed that the injury prevalence increased to 31,91%. Method: The objective of this study was to examine the crossfit athlete background, injury prevalence and injury categories between oktober 2016 - april 2017 in Sweden. A Brazilian survey was used in this study. The survey was modified and translated to Swedish before administered to certified crossfit facilities around the country. The method for this study used a descriptive cross-sectional design with a quantitative distribution of an online survey. Result: The common crossfit athlete is preferably 32 years or older, had a sedentary work and strict training routines with years of experience. Furthermore, 58 of 190 participants sustained a total of 87 injuries the past 6 month. This correlates to an injury prevalence of 30,5% for the crossfit athletes in Sweden. Furthermore, the most common injury categories were located on the neck/spine (21,84%), shoulder (18,39%), skeletal muscle (16,09%) and knee (16,09%). Therefore, the sport can cause different injuries throughout participation. Conclusion: Due to a high injury prevalence and a wide variation of injuries does the sport show a high injury risk, despite the athletes training experience. It takes more research to know the exact mechanisms for the injuries and how they can be prevented.
Introduktion: Crossfit är en nykommen sport somårligen växer världen över. Sporten syftar till att förbättra prestation och fitness i medvetenhet att optimera kompetens i alla fysiska kvalitéer. Dock finns det en komplexitet med att inkludera flera fysiska utmaningar i träningen. Utövaren tvingas utföra rörelserna med maximal insats för att inte misslycka samspelet mellan muskelfibrernas aktivering och synkronisering. Sådana misslyckanden kan äventyra säkerheten på grund av otillräcklig motorisk prestation. Studier från andra länder har uppmärksammat crossfitens skadeprevalens de senaste åren. Första studien från 2014 visar en prevalens på 20%, medan nyaste studien från 2017 visar en prevalens på 31,91%. Syfte: Denna studie har undersökt Sveriges crossfitutövares bakgrund, skadeprevalens och skadekategorier mellan oktober 2016 t.o.m. april 2017. Metod: Studien har använt en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie genom elektroniska enkäter. Enkäten har ursprung från en Brasiliansk studie som modifierades till svenska. Enkäten blev e-postad till Sveriges certifierade anläggningar i syfte att vidarebefordra enkäten till utövarna. Resultat: Studien bygger på 190 fullständiga enkätsvar som har generaliserats till Sveriges crossfitutövare. Resultatet visade att den generella crossfitutövaren ofta är över 32 år, har ett stillasittande yrke samt strikta träningsrutiner och många års träningserfarenheter, både inom och utanför crossfit. Skadeprevalensen visade att 30,5% av utövarna hade skadat sig de senaste 6 månaderna, då skadorna var lokaliserat på flera delar av kroppen. Vanligaste var nack-/rygg-(21,84%), axel-(18,39%), muskel-(16,09%) och knäskada (16,09%). Slutsats: Studien visade att Crossfitutgör en skaderisk trots erfaren träningsbakgrund. Men det krävs utförligare forskning för att kunna tyda de exakta mekanismerna för skadeuppkomsten. Det är viktigt att studier utförs för att förbättra sportens säkerhet eftersom anläggningar/organisationer ökar och forskning saknas.

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Ndlovu, Privilege B. M. "The effect of high intensity interval training and detraining on the health-related outcomes of young women." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85824.

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Thesis (MScSportSc)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is a growing concern in South Africa and worldwide about the global epidemic of obesity and overweightness among the general population. Obesity mediates the pathogenesis of pathological conditions and is associated with a poor quality of life, high morbidity and mortality rates and a huge burden on an individual’s and the health system’s infrastructure and finances. The answer to this rising epidemic is weight loss. Endurance training has been shown to induce weight loss however, people usually cite lack of time as a barrier to meaningful participation in exercise programmes. High intensity interval training (HIIT) therefore emerges as a potential solution to these barriers as it takes a relatively short period of time compared to endurance training. Despite the differences in exercise durations the most cogent advantage is that HIIT elicits not just similar, but even superior central and peripheral adaptations. The central and peripheral adaptations have been shown to enhance weight loss, improve blood lipids and glucose levels, as well as decreasing blood pressure. The challenge facing exercise physiologists is to find the optimal exercise intensity and duration of HIIT bouts which would be time efficient, safe and well tolerated by overweight and obese people. The shortcomings of literature are that most HIIT studies have focused on healthy, overweight and obese men and these studies cannot be extrapolated to women who have been shown to respond differently to training. Moreover, other interventions investigating the effects of HIIT in women and men have been longer term rather than short term interventions. In order to fill the gaps in the literature, the main aim of this study was to investigate the training and detraining effects of a short-term HIIT programme on selected health-related measures in young overweight and obese women. To this end, a non-random sample of 20 overweight and obese women (aged 18-25) volunteered to participate in this study. Selected health-related outcomes were measured prior to training. The pre-training testing was followed by the HIIT intervention which was two weeks and consisted of six sessions using the 10 – 15x1 minute running at 90% HRmax which was separated by one minute active recovery periods at 50-60% of HRmax. The HIIT intervention was followed by a post test in which baseline measurements were repeated. This was then followed by a two week detraining period and follow up testing. The main finding of this study was that a period of two weeks of HIIT can elicit adaptations that can lower the risk profiles of young overweight and obese women. The results showed a statistically significant decrease in body mass (1.6%, p = 0.001), fat mass (3.7%, p = 0.001) and waist circumference (4.8%, p = 0.001), and an increase in lean mass of 1.9% (p = 0.001). There was also a decrease in blood glucose (11%, p = 0.001), total cholesterol (10.4 %, p = 0.01), systolic (3.4%, p = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (5.8%, p = 0.001) levels. Finally there was a statistically significant increase in relative VO2max and exercise capacity after the HIIT The follow-up testing after two weeks of detraining shows that the metabolic adaptations that were achieved by the HIIT protocol are relatively lasting or are at least not completely reversed. The weight loss induced by HIIT is important in that it is the major target in lowering the prevalence of overweightness and obesity. The HIIT protocol in this study emerges as a time efficient strategy in eliciting positive adaptations in clinical populations and healthy people. Moreover these findings suggest that 10 minute and 15 minute HIIT work bouts at near-maximal intensities are possibly the minimum amount of training that is needed to induce significant weight loss and other positive health-related outcomes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar bestaan ŉ toenemende besorgdheid in Suid-Afrika en wêreldwyd oor die globale epidemie van obesiteit en oorgewig onder die algemene bevolking. Obesiteit fasiliteer die patogenese van verskeie siektetoestande en word met ŉ swak kwaliteit lewe, hoë morbiditeit en mortaliteit en ŉ geweldige las op ŉ individu en die gesondheidsowerhede se infrastruktuur en finansies geassosieer. Een van die antwoorde op hierdie stygende epidemie is gewigsverlies. Dit is reeds gewys dat uithouvermoë oefening saam met ŉ kalorie beperkende dieet gewigsverlies in die hand werk. Mense dui egter ŉ tekort aan tyd as ŉ hindernis tot betekenisvolle deelname aan ŉ oefenprogram aan. Hoë intensiteit interval inoefening (HIIO) is dus ŉ potensiële oplossing tot hierdie hindernis aangesien dit in vergelyking met uithouvermoë inoefening in ŉ relatiewe korter periode van tyd uitgevoer kan word. Afgesien van die verskille in inoefenperiodes is die mees logiese voordeel dat die HIIO nie net soortgelyke nie, maar self beter sentrale en periferale fisiologiese aanpassing voortbring. Die sentrale en periferale aanpassing verhoog gewigsverlies, verbeter bloedlipiedes en glukose vlakke, en veroorsaak ŉ afname in bloeddruk. Alhoewel ŉ aantal studies die voordele van HIIO by jonger en ouer populasies aandui, is baie min studies op vrouens uitgevoer. Bevindinge kan nie noodwendig na vrouens ekstrapoleer word nie omdat hulle dikwels verskillend op inoefening as mans reageer. Dit is ook nie bekend of ŉ kort HIIO intervensie ŉ betekenisvolle impak op oorgewig en vetsugtige vrouens sou hê nie, asook hoe blywend enige veranderinge sou wees nie. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was dus om die inoefening- en die geen-inoefening effekte van ŉ korttermyn HIIO program op geselekteerde gesondheidskenmerke in jong oorgewig en vetsugtige dames te bepaal. ŉ Nie-ewekansige steekproef van 20 oorgewig en vetsugtige vrouens (18-25 jaar) het vrywillig ingestem om aan hierdie studie deel te neem. Geselekteerde gesondheidskenmerke is voor die aanvang van die inoefening gemeet. Die HIIO intervensie het twee weke geduur en het uit ses sessies bestaan (10 – 15x1 minuut draf by 90% HSmaks en een minuut aktiewe herstel by 50-60% HSmaks). Die HIIO intervensie is deur ŉ na-toets gevolg waarin basislyn metings herhaal is. Dit is deur ŉ twee weke geen-inoefening periode en opvolgtoetse opgevolg. Die hoofbevinding van hierdie studie was dat ses sessies van HIIO fisiologiese aanpassings na vore gebring het wat die risiko profiele van jong oorgewig en vetsugtige vrouens verlaag het. Daar was statisties betekenisvolle afnames in liggaamsmassa (1.6%, p < 0.001), vetmassa (3.7%, p < 0.001) en heupomtrek (4.8%, p < 0.001) en ŉ toename in vetvrye liggaamsmassa van 1.9% (p < 0.001). Daar was ook ŉ afname in bloedglukose (11%, p < 0.001), totale cholesterol (10.4 %, p = 0.01), sistoliese (3.4%, p < 0.001) en diastoliese bloeddruk (5.8%, p < 0.001). Daar was ook statisties betekenisvolle verbeteringe in relatiewe VO2maks en oefeningtoleransie na inoefening. Die opvolgtoetse na twee weke van geen-inoefening het getoon dat metaboliese aanpassings wat deur die HIIO bereik is, relatief blywend van aard was of ten minste nie totaal omgekeerd was nie. Die gewigsverlies wat deur die HIIO veroorsaak was is belangrik in die sin dat dit die hoofdoelwit aanspreek om die voorkoms van oorgewig en vetsugtigheid te verminder. Die studie suggereer verder dat 10 – 15 minute HIIO werksessies, by naby maksimale intensiteite, moontlik die minimum hoeveelheid inoefening is wat benodig word om betekenisvolle gewigsverlies en ander positiewe gesondheidskenmerke te bereik.

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Costa, Rôas de Araujo. "Extrato hidroetanólico da entrecasca da S. Cumini (L.) skeels reduz o estresse oxidativo de ratos wistar submetidos ao treinamento de natação intervalado de alta intensidade." Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6835.

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High intensity and / or exhaustive physical exercise may induce oxidative stress in athletes as well as in physically active or sedentary individuals. In this way the use of antioxidants appears as an alternative to prevent or mitigate this effect. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, commonly known as jambolan, is a species found in tropical regions and is a species rich in phenolic compounds with potential antioxidant activity. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of 21 days of supplementation with S. cumini hydroethanolic extract (EHE) in animals submitted to a protocol of 3 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT), 5 sessions per week. In this manner, wistar rats (250-300g) (CEPA: 58/2016) were used. The animals were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10): Sedentary (GC), sedentary animals treated with EHE (GEHE), animals submitted to high intensity interval training (HIIT) With EHE (GE + EHE) and animals submitted to (HIIT) and treated with quercetin (GE + Q). The results showed that EHE treatment was effective in reducing oxidative damage in the evaluated tissues: GT: 14.49 ± 1.78 vs GT + EHE: 8.16 ± 0.54 nmol EqMDA / mL of blood in the muscle ( GT: 9.61 ± 1.51 vs. GT + EHE 7.46 ± 0.69 nmol EqMDA / mg of liver), liver (GT: 40.85 ± 7.05 vs. GT + EHE: 19.97 ± 5, 95 nmol EqMDA / mg tissue) and heart (GT: 18.06 ± 2.88 vs. 12.64 ± 2.37 nmol EqMDA / mg tissue), while for the quantification of sulfhydryl groups the EHE treated animals had their Preserved thiols groups. Thus, it was concluded that daily treatment for 21 days with EHE was able to attenuate oxidative damage in wistar rats submitted to a HIIT protocol for 3 weeks.
O exercício físico de alta intensidade e/ou exaustivo, pode induzir o estresse oxidativo, tanto em atletas como em indivíduos fisicamente ativos ou sedentários. Desta forma o uso de antioxidantes surge como alternativa para prevenir ou atenuar esse efeito. A Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels conhecida popularmente como jambolão, é uma espécie bastante encontrada em regiões de clima tropical, é uma espécie rica em compostos fenólicos com potencial atividade antioxidante. O Objetivo principal do estudo foi avaliar o efeito de 21 dias de suplementação com extrato hidroetanólico da S. Cumini (EHE) em animais submetidos a um protocolo de 3 semanas de treinamento intervalado de alta intensida (HIIT), 5 sessões por semana. Desta forma, foram utilizados ratos Wistar (250-300g) (CEPA: 58/2016). Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 5 grupos (n=10): Sedentário (GC), sedentários tratados com EHE (GEHE), animais submetidos ao treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) (GE), animais submetidos ao (HIIT) e tratados com EHE (GE+EHE) e animais submetidos ao (HIIT) e tratados com quercetina (GE+Q). Os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento com EHE foi eficaz em reduzir o dano oxidativo nos tecidos avaliados: GT:14,49±1,78 vs GT+EHE: 8,16±0,54 nmol EqMDA/mL de sangue, no músculo (GT: 9,61±1,51 vs GT+EHE 7,46±0,69 nmol EqMDA/mg de técido), fígado (GT: 40,85±7,05 vs GT+EHE: 19,97±5,95 nmol EqMDA/mg de tecido) e coração (GT: 18,06±2,88 vs 12,64±2,37 nmol EqMDA/mg de tecido), enquanto para a quantificação de grupamentos sulfidrilas os animais tratados com EHE tiveram seus grupos tiois preservados. Desta maneira, conclui-se que o tratamento diário durante 21 dias com EHE foi capaz de atenuar o dano oxidativo em ratos wistar submetidos a um protocolo de HIIT durante 3 semanas.
São Cristóvão, SE

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Leite, Marina de Macedo Rodrigues. "Programa de perda de peso saudável e seu efeito sobre o risco cardiometabólico de adultos." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4968.

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Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE
INTRODUCTION: Carbohydrate restriction have been currently pointed as the main strategy for weight loss and improvement of cardiometabolic health. However, it is not elucidated its real effect over cardiometabolic risk factors, due to the different levels of restriction and specially when associated with regular exercise practice. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to propose a protocol of intervention for healthy weight loss and to evaluate its effect over the metabolic risk factors of overweight individuals. METHODS: The present study was a Randomized Controlled Trial of 12 weeks, with nutritional monitoring and diet with low carbohydrate (L-CHO – 100 g/d) or adequate carbohydrate (A-CHO – 250 g/d) amounts, associated to high intensity intermittent (HIIT) or continuous exercises. The study began with 106 overweight subjects, of wich 57 were allocated to the continuous exercise group and 49 were allocated to the HIIT group, distributed into two groups, according to the amount of carbohydrate. The subjects were assessed for weight, height, abdominal and hip circumference, in the baseline (M0) and after 12 weeks (M1). Thirty one volunteers ended the intervention in the HIIT group and their datum were analized for cardiometabolic risk factors changes after the intervention, based on their lipid markers, insulin and glucose levels. For the statistical analysis were apllyied two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc and p<0,05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Both groups showed improvements in the antropometric variables. Regarding cardiometabolic risk factors, it was observed that there was an improvement for both groups, however, a significant increase in HDL-c was observed only in the A-CHO group (53,3 mg/dl – 60,1 mg/dl), while the LDL-c similarly decreased in both groups (A-CHO: 121,8 mg/dl – 97,4 mg/dl; R-CHO: 112,7 mg/dl – 94,9 mg/dl). A significant reduction in the number of risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome was observed, but the reduction in the prevalence of metabolically unhealthy individuals was more expressive among individuals in the A-CHO group. CONCLUSION: Thereby, It is concluded that both diets applied were efficient to guarantee improvement of body composition and weight loss. In addition, both diet strategies may be efficient to promote improvements in cardiometabolic risk parameters. However, the improvement in the protective factor (HDL) and the final risk classification indicated the adequacy of carbohydrates as the best strategy associated with caloric restriction and HIIT.
INTRODUÇÃO: Atualmente, uma das principais estratégias aplicadas para redução ponderal e melhora da condição cardiometabólica é a restrição de carboidratos da dieta. Porém, ainda não se encontra totalmente elucidado o real efeito desta restrição sobre a condição cardiometabólica, devido aos diversos níveis de restrição e principalmente quando se trata da associação com a prática de exercício físico de alta intensidade. OBJETIVO: Propor um protocolo de intervenção para perda de peso saudável e avaliar o seu efeito sobre os marcadores do risco cardiometabólico de indivíduos com excesso de peso. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico controlado randomizado desenvolvido em 12 semanas de acompanhamento nutricional com dieta com baixo teor de carboidratos (R-CHO – 100 g/d) ou teor adequado deste nutriente (A-CHO – 250 g/d) associado ao treinamento intermitente (HIIT) ou contínuo. Iniciaram o estudo 106 indivíduos com excesso de peso, destes, 57 foram alocados no grupo de treinamento contínuo e 49 foram alocados no grupo HIIT, distribuidos em dois subgrupos, de acordo com o teor de carboidratos da dieta. Os indivíduos foram avaliados no período pré-intervenção (M0) e ao final das 12 semanas (M1). Foram aferidos peso, estatura, circunferências abdominal e do quadril. Para o artigo II desta dissertação, foram considerados os dados dos 49 voluntários alocados no grupo HIIT, onde finalizaram a intervenção 31 indivíduos. Este artigo propõe a avaliação do efeito da intervenção com dieta R-CHO e HIIT sobre o risco cardiometabólico dos participantes, avaliado com base nos marcadores lipidêmicos, insulinêmicos e glicêmicos. Para análise estatística foi aplicado o teste ANOVA two-way com post-hoc de Bonferroni, considerando significativo os valores de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora significativa das variáveis antropométricas. Já com relação aos marcadores de risco cardiometabólico, observou-se que houve melhora para ambos os grupos, no entanto, o aumento significativo do HDL-c foi observado apenas no grupo A-CHO (de 53,3 mg/dl para 60,1 mg/dl), enquanto que o LDL-c reduziu significativamente em ambos os grupos (A-CHO: de 121,8 mg/dl para 97,4 mg/dl; R-CHO: de 112,7 mg/dl para 94,9 mg/dl). Observou-se redução significativa do número de fatores de risco associados ao risco cardiometabólico, porém a redução da prevalência de indivíduos metabolicamente não saudáveis foi mais expressiva entre os indivíduos do grupo A-CHO (24,3%). CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que ambas as dietas foram eficientes na melhora da composição corporal e perda de peso. Ambas estratégias dietéticas podem ser eficientes para promover melhorias dos marcadores de risco cardiometabólico, porém, o aumento no fator de proteção (HDL) e na classificação final do risco apontou a adequação de carboidratos na dieta como melhor estratégia associada à restrição calórica e HIIT.

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Fagundes, Jos? Evangelista. "A hist?ria local e seu lugar na hist?ria: hist?rias ensinadas em Cear?-Mirim." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14531.

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This Researchis about history education and is directed toward the understanding of teacher practices in schools of the basic education in Cear?-Mirim, a city located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Its purpose is to understand the approaching forms of local history in 5? to 8? grade classrooms in the light of the recent innovations in the fields of the historiografy and education. The study was done with a view of investigating local history is being taught by teachers, as well as reflecting on the necessary conditions to the accomplishment of a teaching whose know how to make possible to break, on the one hand, with the limits of the narrow `local view`, and, on the other hand, with the globalized view, negating the local particularitities and especifications. Such questions had emerged as the understanding of what local history contents can constitute in a significant component in the production of school historical knowledge in 5? to 8? grade classrooms. History education is analyzed, considering the depositions of three teachers of Cear?-Mirim in reagard to its historiography conceptions and history as a school subject. This inquiry is of a qualitative nature and had as a main strategy of data construction from the interviews with the teachers. The analysis indicates the permanence of teacher practices who, even though presenting innovations, bring an implicit value hierarchy where the place or thematic places are not contemplated in the school contents or appear overwhelmed by general history and the Brazilian history, configuring itself as a hierarchical relation to problematic historical ones. Thus the necessity of having historical school knowledge, that considers the local especifications, without, however, ignoring the articulations with other spatial dimensions
Pesquisa sobre o ensino de hist?ria voltada para a compreens?o da pr?tica docente em escolas do ensino fundamental do munic?pio de Cear?-Mirim, localizado no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Tem como prop?sito entender as formas de abordagem da hist?ria local em turmas de 5? a 8? s?ries ? luz das recentes inova??es nos campos da historiografia e do ensino. O estudo foi conduzido tendo em vista investigar como a hist?ria local vem sendo ensinada pelos professores, bem como refletir sobre as condi??es necess?rias ? concretiza??o de um ensino cujo saber-fazer possibilite romper, por um lado, com os limites do estreito localismo, e, por outro, com a vis?o globalizante e negadora das particularidades e das especificidades do local. Tais quest?es emergiram da compreens?o de que os conte?dos da hist?ria local podem se constituir em componente significativo na produ??o do conhecimento hist?rico escolar em turmas de 5a a 8a s?ries. Analisa-se o ensino de hist?ria, considerando os depoimentos de tr?s professores de Cear?-Mirim no que diz respeito ?s suas concep??es de historiografia e de hist?ria enquanto disciplina escolar. A investiga??o ? de natureza qualitativa e teve como principal estrat?gia de constru??o dos dados as entrevistas com os professores. A an?lise indica a perman?ncia de pr?ticas docentes que, embora apresentando inova??es, trazem impl?cita uma hierarquia valorativa em que as tem?ticas locais ou n?o s?o contempladas nos conte?dos escolares ou aparecem subjugadas ? hist?ria geral e ? hist?ria do Brasil, configurando-se uma rela??o hier?rquica das problem?ticas hist?ricas. Ressalta-se, assim, a necessidade de um saber hist?rico escolar que considere as especificidades do local sem, no entanto, desconsiderar as articula??es com outras dimens?es espaciais

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Otto, Stephanie [Verfasser]. "Effekte eines hochintensiven Kraft-/ Ausdauertrainings (HIRT/HIT) auf die BRCA1-Genexpression im Muskel und die BRCA1-Proteinbiosynthese von BRCA-Mutationsträgern / Stephanie Otto." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1166756610/34.

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B?ll, Sandra. "Hist?rias de trabalho e outras hist?rias no trecho." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2010. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/267.

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The present research, located in the Pontificia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas Psychological Prevention and Intervention line of research in the Post-graduation stricto senso program, aims to understand how the work category presents itself to those who have the streets as their main subsistence means and constantly wander from town to town surviving through socially disqualified activities, typical of the streets universe, with a special focus on the trecheiros , a category that describes the street population known to wander constantly from place to place. This study was developed throughout six months by means of Ethnography, in parks and public circulation places in the state of S?o Paulo. The data was collected and later analyzed using Social Psychology It was possible to conclude that there is a wide range of people who, despite occupying the same economical condition, have culturally distinct profiles as well as substantially different means of experiencing the constant wandering through towns and the (non) use of social welfare offered by the state to those who live in the streets. It was also possible to conclude that work presents itself to them as a category constitutive of their subjectivity, given that they call themselves workers in order to state their honesty and social relevance. Work is also a daily activity of survival maintenance without the pretention to accumulate capital or material possession, but to provide the necessary for one day only, situation that leads such category to a constant instability and great vulnerability, given that they are not covered by the welfare social net useful in case there is an impossibility to work, momentarily or not .
A presente pesquisa, situada na linha de Pesquisa Preven??o e Interven??o Psicol?gica do Programa de P?s-gradua??o Stricto Senso da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, objetivou compreender como a categoria trabalho se apresenta a quem tem na rua seu principal suporte de subsist?ncia e mant?m-se em um caminhar constante de cidade em cidade, sobrevivendo por meio de atividades socialmente desqualificadas, pr?prias ao universo das ruas, com especial enfoque nos trecheiros , categoria de pessoas em situa??o de rua conhecida por permanecer em um caminhar constante de trecho em trecho . O estudo foi desenvolvido ao longo de seis meses por meio de Etnografia, em pra?as e locais p?blicos de circula??o em um munic?pio do interior paulista. Os dados foram posteriormente analisados sob a luz da Psicologia Social. Foi poss?vel concluir que existe uma ampla gama de pessoas que, apesar de situarem-se em uma mesma faixa econ?mica, possuem perfis culturalmente distintos bem como diferem substancialmente quanto aos modos de vivenciar a err?ncia constante pelas cidades e o (n?o) fazer uso das pol?ticas de assist?ncia social ofertadas a quem vive nas ruas. Foi poss?vel ainda concluir que o trabalho apresenta-se a elas como uma categoria constitutiva de sua subjetividade, pois afirmam-se como trabalhadoras no intuito de afirmarem-se como honestas e socialmente relevantes .O trabalho ? al?m disso uma atividade di?ria de manuten??o da sobreviv?ncia sem a pretens?o de, por meio dele, acumular capital e coisas materiais e sim prover o necess?rio para o dia de sustento, situa??o que leva tal categoria populacional a uma instabilidade constante e grande vulnerabilidade uma vez que fica totalmente descoberta por qualquer tipo de rede de seguridade social que possa lhe valer em caso de impossibilidade de trabalhar, moment?nea ou n?o.

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Long, Meghan. "Comparison of High Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate Intensity Continuous Training in a Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation Program." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1498769361795025.

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Kinch, Erin Brinkman. "A Hint of Meaning." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4733/.

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A Hint of Meaning contains a scholarly preface, "Language, Experimentation, and Craft: Creating a Vivid, Continuous Fictional Dream," that discusses the ambiguities of language and how they relate to different aspects of the craft of writing. Six original short stories follow the preface. "Musical Chairs" explores a woman's conflicting emotions about her ex-husband. "Baby Steps" depicts the struggle of a woman against her father's alcoholism. "Go Home Happy" depicts a day in the life of a video store employee. "Bargain Basement Perfection" contrasts the reality of a relationship with an imagined, perfect relationship. "Did You Hear about Donald and Bitsy?" is an experimental piece that tells a story through gossip. "Glass Angels" explores a minister's relationship with his homosexual son and how that relates to the minister's faith.

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Sarkar, Prasenjit 1970. "Hint-based cooperative caching." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288892.

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This dissertation focuses on caching in distributed file systems, where the performance is constrained by expensive server accesses. This has led to the evolution of cooperative caching, an innovative technique which effectively utilizes the client memories in a distributed file system to reduce the impact of server accesses. This is achieved by adding another layer to the storage hierarchy called the cooperative cache, allowing clients to access and store file blocks in the caches of other clients. The major contribution of this dissertation is to show that a cooperative caching system that relies on local hints to manage the cooperative cache performs better than a more tightly coordinated fact-based system. To evaluate the performance of hint-based cooperative caching, trace-driven simulations are used to show that the hit ratios to the different layers of the storage hierarchy are as good as those of the existing tightly-coordinated algorithms, but with significantly reduced overhead. Following this, a prototype was implemented on a cluster of Linux machines, where the use of hints reduced the average block access time to almost half that of NFS, and incurred minimal overhead.

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Corr?a, Marise Soares. "A hist?ria e o discurso da lei : o discurso antecede ? hist?ria." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/2286.

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Trata a presente tese da an?lise da sociedade em busca do estabelecimento de suas pr?prias regras, antecipando o discurso da lei. Utiliza-se como material 137 processos que est?o sob a guarda do Arquivo P?blico do Rio Grande do Sul, da Secretaria da Administra??o e dos Recursos Humanos/SARH, que tramitaram nas Varas de Fam?lia da Comarca de Porto Alegre, referentes aos desquites (separa??es) amig?veis no per?odo de 1930 a 1964. Tal avalia??o medir? poss?veis implica??es de aspectos da fam?lia, como afetividade, viol?ncia, desencontro e dor nas decis?es proferidas pelo Poder Judici?rio, atrav?s dos enfoques da Hist?ria das Id?ias jur?dicas, na expectativa de se compreender as transforma??es sociais. ? preciso considerar, ainda, que, ao longo do percurso, a quest?o feminina se constitui o foco da presente tese. A velocidade das mudan?as sociais torna o discurso da lei ineficaz, uma vez que est? em total descompasso com a necessidade social, conduzindo a sociedade ? cria??o de suas pr?prias regras

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Matos, Mariana Aguiar de. "O efeito do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade em componentes celulares e moleculares relacionados ? resist?ncia ? insulina em indiv?duos obesos." UFVJM, 2016. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1337.

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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
O excesso de gordura corporal caracter?stico da obesidade est? relacionado a diversas altera??es metab?licas, que incluem a resist?ncia ? insulina. Dentre as medidas n?o farmacol?gicas empregadas para a melhora da sensibilidade ? insulina est? o treinamento f?sico aer?bio, como o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT, do ingl?s high intensity interval training). Sendo assim, esse estudo avaliou os efeitos do HIIT em componentes bioqu?micos, celulares e moleculares relacionados ? resist?ncia ? insulina em obesos. Indiv?duos obesos sens?veis (n=9) e resistentes ? insulina (n=8) foram submetidos a 8 semanas de HIIT, em cicloerg?metro, realizado 3 vezes por semana, com intensidade e volume progressivos (8 a 12 est?mulos; 80 a 110% da pot?ncia m?xima). Amostras de sangue venoso e do m?sculo vasto lateral foram obtidas antes e ap?s o programa de HIIT. Ap?s o programa de treinamento houve aumento da sensibilidade ? insulina nos obesos resistentes ? insulina, mas n?o houve redu??o da massa de gordura. A concentra??o de citocinas no soro, o estresse oxidativo sist?mico e frequ?ncia das c?lulas imunes n?o foram modificadas ap?s o treinamento. No m?sculo esquel?tico, o HIIT promoveu aumento da fosforila??o do substrato do receptor de insulina (IRS) (Tyr612), da Akt (Ser473) e da prote?na quinase dependente de c?lcio/calmodulina (CAMKII) (Thr286), e aumento do conte?do da ?-hidroxiacil-CoA desidrogenase (?-HAD) e citocromo C oxidase (COX-IV). Houve ainda, redu??o da fosforila??o da quinase regulada por sinal extracelular (ERK1/2) nos obesos resistentes ? insulina. Conclu?mos que 8 semanas de HIIT promoveram melhora da sensibilidade ? insulina, modificou componentes da via de sinaliza??o da insulina e do metabolismo oxidativo no m?sculo esquel?tico. Essas altera??es ocorreram independentes de mudan?as na gordura corporal total e de par?metros inflamat?rios sist?micos.
Tese (Doutorado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016.
Obesity is characterized by excess of body fat, and its development can lead to a variety of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance. Exercise is recognized as a non-pharmacological approach to increasing skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, although the mechanisms are not elucidated. Additionally, the understanding of high intensity interval training (HIIT, high intensity interval training) treat insulin resistance is less understood. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of HIIT on biochemical, molecular, and cellular markers related to insulin resistance in sedentary obese individuals. Sensitive (n=9) and insulin resistant (n=8) obese individuals (body mass index ? 30 kg/m-2) were engaged in 8 weeks of HIIT using a cycle ergometer. The HIIT was performed 3 times a week, and its intensity and volume progressively increased throughout the training period (from 8 to 12 stimuli; from 80 to 110% of the maximum power). Venous blood and the vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained before and after the HIIT. HIIT enhanced insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant obese individuals without changing body fat mass. Cytokine concentration in serum, blood oxidative stress, and frequency of some immune cells were not altered by HIIT. In skeletal muscle, HIIT increased the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) (Tyr612), Akt (Ser473), and protein kinase dependent calcium/calmodulin (CaMKII) (Thr286). HIIT also increased the expression of ?-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (?-HAD) and cytochrome C oxidase (COX-IV). A reduction of the kinase phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated (ERK1/2) was only seen in obese insulin resistant individuals. The results show that 8 weeks of HIIT enhanced insulin sensitivity, modified components of the insulin-signaling pathway, and improved skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism. These changes were independent of alterations in body fat and inflammatory parameters.

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Reller, Jake. "A Hint and The Incapacity." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4309.

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My paintings are a mediated autobiography focusing on fragmented, cropped or collaged elements derived from photographic sources. Banal scenes based on my experience growing up in rural Washington state are charged with multivalent interpretations via close ups, veiling and intentional obfuscation. Through these means, altered color and expressionistic paint handling, they subtly point outside of their beginnings as the photographic and personal and into a dialogue with historical and social sites such as punk music, abstract expressionism and existential literature.

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Silva, C?lio Leandro da. "Terra sem hist?ria : identidade e hist?ria na Amaz?nia de Euclides da Cunha." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6015.

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This work is focused analyze aspects related to the presence of Euclides da Cunha in the Amazon. We sought to investigate the genesis of border conflicts between Brazil and Peru, determining factor for the realization of the Joint Commission on Recognition of Headwaters of the Purus River, which led Euclid. In general, these conflicts were the result of disputes over rich producing rubber regions. As a result of this trip, the writer left recorded a set of information relating to matters related to hydrography, geomorphology, climate and especially on Amazonian man. Such impressions resulted in the compilation of the work the Fringes of History, a posthumous book that brings together the Euclidean texts on Amazon and has become the centerpiece of this dissertation research. The aim, above all, to understand the way the author of The Barrens portrayed the Amazon from their experience on the spot, which contributed to bring the light of science Earth Without History - Amazon - and that gives the Euclides da Cunha title of one of the greatest interpreters of the partners questions of Brazil.
Este trabalho tem por foco analisar os aspectos relacionados ? presen?a de Euclides da Cunha na Amaz?nia. Buscou-se investigar a g?nese dos conflitos fronteiri?os entre Brasil e Peru, fator determinante para a realiza??o da Comiss?o Mista de Reconhecimento das Cabeceiras do rio Purus, a qual Euclides chefiou. De modo geral, esses conflitos foram em decorr?ncia das disputas por ricas regi?es produtoras de borracha. Como resultado dessa viagem, o escritor deixou registrado um conjunto de informa??es referentes aos aspectos relacionados ? hidrografia, geomorfologia, clima e, sobretudo, sobre homem amaz?nico. Tais impress?es resultaram na compila??o da obra ? Margem da Hist?ria, um livro p?stumo que re?ne os textos de Euclides sobre a Amaz?nia e que se tornou n?cleo central das investiga??es desta disserta??o. Objetivou-se, sobretudo, compreender a maneira como o autor de Os Sert?es retratou a Amaz?nia a partir de sua viv?ncia in loco, fato que contribuiu para trazer ? luz da ci?ncia a Terra Sem Hist?ria ? Amaz?nia ? e que confere a Euclides da Cunha o t?tulo de um dos maiores int?rpretes das quest?es s?cias do Brasil.

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Oliveira, Alb?ris Eron Fl?vio de. "A letra escarlate como romance hist?rico: uma hist?ria de fragilidade humana e tristeza." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16270.

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The objective of this paper is to analyze the work of the American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 - 1864), The Scarlet Letter (1850), in the light of the contributions of Literature and History of the American people in the context of New England. Accordingly, we highlight aspects that justify the inclusion of the work as a historical novel, especially based on the reading of The Historical Novel (1936-37) written by Georg Luk?cs. The diversity of voices and social interrelationships that come out of the main characters of the plot of the novel, as well as their contextual buildings, constituted as important traces to understanding the novel as being of historical value. During our study, we found out that it is in the plots of the novels that the characters reflect, at the same time, the specific conditions of their singularities, the general trends of the historical process and the social conditions from which they arise. We also could see that it is in their singularities that lie special tendencies of human beings. Our references to this study came from scholars as Howard (1964), Bakhtin (1998), Eagleton (2006), Todorov (2009), Zabel (1947), Sellers (1985), Cunlife (1986), Candido (1993) and Schwarz (1981)
O objetivo deste trabalho ? analisar a obra do escritor americano Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 1864), A Letra Escarlate (1850), ? luz das contribui??es da Literatura e da Hist?ria do povo americano no contexto da Nova Inglaterra dos primeiros s?culos de sua exist?ncia at? o per?odo em que viveu o seu autor. Nesse sentido, buscaremos evidenciar aspectos que justificam a inser??o da obra como um romance hist?rico, especialmente a partir da leitura de O Romance Hist?rico (1936-37) de Georg Luk?cs. A diversidade das vozes sociais e os inter-relacionamentos que se depreenderam dos personagens principais do enredo do romance, assim como as suas constru??es contextuais, se constitu?ram como elementos importantes para a compreens?o do romance como sendo de valor Hist?rico. Durante o nosso estudo, verificamos que ? nos enredos dos romances que as personagens refletem, ao mesmo tempo, as condi??es espec?ficas de suas singularidades, as tend?ncias gerais do processo hist?rico e as condi??es sociais das quais eles surgem. Pudemos verificar tamb?m que ? em suas singularidades que se concentram tend?ncias pr?prias do ser humano. Para fundamentar este estudo buscamos refer?ncias em te?ricos da literatura mundial como Howard (1964), Bakhtin (1998), Eagleton (2006), Todorov (2009), em historiadores como Zabel (1947), Sellers (1985) e Cunlife (1986), bem como nas repercuss?es da obra no Brasil, notadamente a partir de leituras realizadas por Candido (1993) e Schwarz (1981)

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Dankovich, James Edmund. "Make Hit Phlegm." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30892.

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This thesis is an application of surrealism to architecture. Surrealism is an art & literary movement started in Europe between the world wars. After the chaos of the first world war the surrealist group was disillusioned with the devotion to rationalism that they believed produced the war. The group determined that an opposing philosophy would produce the opposite result. They began to develop an art based on the irrational. Their creativity was derived from chance, group activities, dreams, and other undirected actions. They promoted this as a new way to discover beauty and a foundation for a new way of thinking. The surrealists were prevalent in art and literature, but never integrated themselves into the world of architectural design. This thesis explores the possibilities of using surreal concepts and techniques as an inspiration for design. The site for this exploration is a fifty foot wide infill lot in an urbanizing Washington, D.C. suburb, Falls Church, Virginia. The art schoolâ s program was selected by a Wikipedia random article search and a deck of cards.
Master of Architecture

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Velasco, Luiz Antonio Nolasco. "Hist?rias de cuspe e giz." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1769.

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This research was carried out during 2014 and 2015 at school of a unit of the Public Network State Education of Rio de Janeiro where the author teaches more than two decades. Research that is born from the desire to produce dialogues possibilities with students and community and so understand how to give the relationship between the various subjects that make up the universe of this unit. For this research achieve this goal collecting stories that tell of how such unity came. These history can observe the level of community participation in the idealization, construction and maintenance of this. In addition to the history of the school of education, students and stories of some invisible phenomena, at least for some groups of this space are counted leading to reflection on the relationships that occur in such space. The survey also shows graphics produced by students during the development of the work and once again these graphics (drawings) serve in the guideposts to reflect the relationships within the school
Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante 2014 e 2015 no espa?o escolar de uma unidade da Rede P?blica de Educa??o do Estado do Rio de Janeiro no qual o autor leciona h? mais de duas d?cadas. Pesquisa que nasce do desejo de produzir possibilidades de di?logos com alunos e comunidade e, assim, perceber como se d?o as rela??es entre os diversos sujeitos que comp?em o universo dessa unidade. Para atingir tal objetivo, esta pesquisa coleta hist?rias que d?o conta de como surgiu a tal unidade. Nessas hist?rias pode-se observar o grau de participa??o da comunidade na idealiza??o, constru??o e manuten??o da mesma. Al?m das hist?rias da forma??o da escola, outras hist?rias de alunos e de alguns fen?menos invis?veis, ao menos para alguns grupos desse espa?o, s?o contados levando a reflex?o sobre as rela??es que se d?o nesses espa?os. A pesquisa tamb?m apresenta elementos gr?ficos produzidos pelos educandos durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho e que, mais uma vez, esses elementos gr?ficos (desenhos) nos servem de balizamentos para refletir as rela??es no espa?o escolar

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Paiani, Flavia Renata Machado. "A hist?ria como best-seller : aspectos narrativos dos livros de divulga??o hist?rica no Brasil." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7644.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
This dissertation is a critical evaluation of seven popular history books concerning nineteenth-century Brazil, published between 2006 and 2013: Condessa de Barral, O Pr?ncipe Maldito, A Carne e o Sangue, and O Castelo de Papel by Mary Del Priore, and 1808 [in English, The Flight of the Emperor: How a Weak Prince, a Mad Queen, and the British Navy tricked Napoleon and changed the New World], 1822, and 1889 by Laurentino Gomes. Priore is a Brazilian historian with academic affiliation, specialized in historical biographies in which she constructs quasi-literary historical characters. Instead, Gomes is a Brazilian journalist, best known for the great commercial success of his three books, featuring picturesque characters in a fragmented storytelling format. Thus this study aims to investigate the relationship of their works with historiography as well as the role assigned to their readership, by analyzing the text structure and its narrative elements. In this regard, the analysis develops a theoretical and historiographical discussion, in order to understand the aesthetic realm of popular history books and its epistemological implications.
Esta tese ? uma an?lise cr?tica de sete livros de divulga??o hist?rica, publicados entre 2006 e 2013, que versam sobre o Brasil do s?culo XIX: Condessa de Barral, O Pr?ncipe Maldito, A Carne e o Sangue e O Castelo de Papel, de Mary Del Priore, e 1808, 1822 e 1889, de Laurentino Gomes. Priore ? uma historiadora brasileira com filia??o acad?mica, especializada em biografias hist?ricas, nas quais ela constr?i personagens hist?ricos romanceados. Gomes, por seu turno, ? um jornalista brasileiro, mais conhecido pelo grande sucesso comercial de seus tr?s livros, nos quais ele apresenta personagens pitorescos em um formato fragmentado de contar hist?ria. Este estudo pretende, pois, investigar a rela??o das obras desses autores com a historiografia, bem como o papel atribu?do ao seu p?blico leitor a partir da an?lise da estrutura do texto e de seus aspectos narrativos. Nesse sentido, uma discuss?o te?rica e historiogr?fica ? desenvolvida na an?lise, de modo a compreender a dimens?o est?tica dos livros de divulga??o hist?rica e suas implica??es epistemol?gicas.

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Lemos, Eden Ernersto da Silva. "Rela??es entre teorias da hist?ria e ensino de hist?ria: a compreens?o de professores." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14316.

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This thesis has as an objective to think over the teachers` understanding of the school History of the Fundamental Teaching regarding the existent relations between the history theories and the teaching of the school History, as well as to think over how these teachers see the influence that their teaching practice gets from the history theories. The work is based on the postulates of the qualitative research and on the characteristics of the ethnography of the school practice. The main procedures of data gathering were the documental analysis, the semi-structured interviews, the field diary and the observations of classes. The scientific perspective of the multiple references is an important source in this research. The participants of this work are two teachers of the school district of Natal who work in the field of the school History in two schools on the North Side of the city. The accomplished analysis point to significant indications that didn't occur continuous and regular teaching situations in the initial and continuing education of these teachers that clearly showed the relations between the history theories and the teaching of the school History. They also suggest that their understanding about the influence that their teaching practice gets from the history theories, is not still explicit. We understand that the relations between the history theories and the teaching of the school History are important for the initial and continuing education of these teachers who belong in this knowledge field, even when these relations are not explicitly pointed by the teachers, because they will always influence the teaching practice that the teachers of the school History build
Esta disserta??o tem como objetivo refletir sobre a compreens?o de professores da Hist?ria escolar do Ensino Fundamental a respeito das rela??es existentes entre as teorias da hist?ria e o ensino da Hist?ria escolar, bem como refletir como estes docentes compreendem a influ?ncia que a sua pr?tica de ensino recebe das teorias da hist?ria. O trabalho est? respaldado nos postulados da pesquisa qualitativa e nas caracter?sticas da etnografia da pr?tica escolar. Os principais procedimentos de constru??o dos dados foram a an?lise documental, as entrevistas semi-estruturadas, o di?rio de campo e as observa??es de aulas. A perspectiva epistemol?gica da multirreferencialidade foi refer?ncia importante nesta pesquisa. Os part?cipes deste trabalho s?o dois professores da rede municipal de Natal que atuam na ?rea da Hist?ria escolar em duas escolas da Zona Administrativa Norte da cidade. As an?lises realizadas apontam para ind?cios significativos de que n?o ocorreram situa??es de ensino cont?nuas e regulares na forma??o inicial e continuada destes docentes, que evidenciassem claramente as rela??es entre as teorias da hist?ria e o ensino da Hist?ria escolar. Elas tamb?m sugerem que a compreens?o deles sobre a influ?ncia que a sua pr?tica de ensino recebe das teorias da hist?ria, ainda n?o ? expl?cita. N?s compreendemos que as rela??es entre as teorias da hist?ria e o ensino da Hist?ria escolar s?o importantes para a forma??o inicial e continuada dos professores desta ?rea do conhecimento, mesmo quando estas rela??es n?o s?o explicitamente apontadas pelos professores formadores, pois elas sempre influenciar?o a pr?tica de ensino que os docentes da Hist?ria escolar constroem

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HIIT'

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