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1
MacPherson, Jim. "History Writing and Agency in the Scottish Highlands: Postcolonial Thought, the Work of James Macpherson (1736–1796) and Researching the Region's Past with Local Communities." Northern Scotland 11, no. 2 (November 2020): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nor.2020.0217.
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This article argues that postcolonial thought can be used as a tool for thinking about the present in the Scottish Highlands. Taking a case study of collaborative inquiry between local communities, High Life Highland (the body responsible for cultural services in the region) and the University of the Highlands and Islands into the work and legacies of the poet and historian James Macpherson (1736–1796), it examines the way in which the approach and ideas of postcolonialism can be used to better understand the past and critically engage communities in exploring their history. Building upon the work of James Hunter and his pioneering interpretation of Highland history through the work of Frantz Fanon and Edward Said, this article considers how postcolonialism can have intellectual solidarity with histories of the region, especially when we consider the role of the Highlands in processes of colonisation and imperialism. Through this comparative analysis, it demonstrates that using the past as a resource in the present enables communities to change the ways in which their history is presented and to imagine alternative futures.
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Ezukanma, Izuchuk O., Oluwatoyin T. Ogundipe, George I. Nodza, and Tamás Pócs. "Bryophyte Records from the Eastern Nigerian Highlands." Polish Botanical Journal 62, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pbj-2017-0030.
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Abstract A preliminary inventory of the eastern Nigerian highlands yielded 27 bryophyte species (5 liverworts, 22 mosses), including 13 species new for the country (2 liverworts and 11 mosses). The large percentage of new national records (ca 52%) indicates that the eastern Nigerian highland has rich bryophyte diversity and is undercollected. A more detailed inventory of the region using more rigorous sampling protocols is recommended.
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Kennedy, Allan Douglas. "Reducing That Barbarous Country: Center, Periphery, and Highland Policy in Restoration Britain." Journal of British Studies 52, no. 3 (July 2013): 597–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.115.
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AbstractDespite a recent expansion of interest in the history of Restoration Scotland, historiographical engagement with the place of the Highlands in the Restoration state continues to be relatively limited. Building upon recent research into the political culture of the later seventeenth century, this article offers a new conceptualization of the relationship between the center and the Highland periphery. It argues that the region was heavily integrated into wider political circumstances, while recognizing that contemporary statesmen remained concerned about its perceived wildness. From this basis, the article moves on to consider the nature of Highland policy, suggesting that tactical shifts spoke of deeper strategic uncertainty as to whether the Highlands were best controlled through the direct imposition of government power or by close cooperation with local elites.
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MACKILLOP, ANDREW. "THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF THE SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS FROM CULLODEN TO WATERLOO." Historical Journal 46, no. 3 (September 2003): 511–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x03003133.
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This article highlights the present lacuna in the study of politics and political culture in the Scottish Highlands between the battles of Culloden and Waterloo. It argues that this neglect is symptomatic of the contentious historiography that surrounds the Highland Clearances. Yet politics remained a crucial factor shaping landlord attitudes to improvements and their estates in general. Moreover, in contrast to their well-known failure to manage the region's economic and social development, Highland landlords exhibited a sophisticated understanding of how British politics had been reconfigured by the emergence of the British ‘fiscal-military’ state. The region's elites constructed a distinctive and effective political strategy that sought to place the Highlands in a mutually supportive relationship with the British state. Scottish Highland political culture thus offers a useful corrective to recent debates on the ‘fiscal-military’ state that stress either the centre's overwhelming power or the ability of local elites to resist that power. Although the Highlands is remembered primarily for its hostile relationship with the political centre, the region in fact constituted a prime example of the process of mutual accommodation that underpinned the domestic authority of the eighteenth-century British state.
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Braswell, Geoffrey E., and Michael D. Glascock. "A New Obsidian Source in the Highlands of Guatemala." Ancient Mesoamerica 3, no. 1 (1992): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536100002285.
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AbstractA new obsidian source has recently been discovered in the highlands of Guatemala, near the city of Sansare, El Progreso. Ten samples have been subjected to neutron activation analysis, and the results are presented. While ceramic affinities tie the Sansare area with Formative and Classic period Highland Maya sites, linguistic evidence suggests that Postclassic inhabitants of this region were Xinca speakers.
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Davies, Caroline Pickens. "Holocene Paleoclimates of Southern Arabia from Lacustrine Deposits of the Dhamar Highlands, Yemen." Quaternary Research 66, no. 3 (November 2006): 454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.05.007.
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AbstractThis paper presents new evidence from the Dhamar highlands, Yemen, of paleohydrologic response to fluctuations in Holocene climate. Stratigraphic, geochemical, and chronological analyses of highland peat and lacustrine deposits contribute to knowledge of the timing of early Holocene moisture changes on the Arabian Peninsula, providing a backdrop to understanding early cultural development in the Arabian highlands. The location of the Dhamar highlands, characterized by intermontane valleys surrounded by the highest mountains on the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent to the Indian Ocean is ideal for examining the influence of the Indian Ocean Monsoon (IOM) on the moisture history of this region. Fluctuations in the lacustrine and paleosol records of the Dhamar highlands reflect both local changes in paleohydrology and regional influences on the Holocene paleoclimatic conditions in southwest Arabia. In addition, a peat deposit with a radiocarbon age of 10,253 ± 10,560 cal yr BP documents some of the earliest Holocene high moisture conditions on the Arabian Peninsula.
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Blomster, Jeffrey P., and Víctor E. Salazar Chávez. "Origins of the Mesoamerican ballgame: Earliest ballcourt from the highlands found at Etlatongo, Oaxaca, Mexico." Science Advances 6, no. 11 (March 2020): eaay6964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay6964.
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The ballgame represents one of the most enduring and iconic features of ancient Mesoamerican civilization, yet its origins and evolution remain poorly understood, primarily associated with the Gulf Coast and southern Pacific coastal lowlands. While one early ballcourt dates to 1650 BCE from the Chiapas lowlands, ballcourts have remained undocumented in the Mesoamerican highlands until a millennium later, suggesting less involvement by highland civilizations in the ballgame’s evolution. We provide new data from the southern highlands of Mexico, from the Early Formative period (1500–1000 BCE), that necessitate revising previous paradigms. Along with ballplayer imagery, we recently excavated the earliest highland Mesoamerican ballcourt, dating to 1374 BCE, at the site of Etlatongo, in the Mixtec region of Oaxaca. We conclude that Early Formative highland villagers played an important role in the origins of the formal Mesoamerican ballgame, which later evolved into a crucial component of subsequent states.
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Jones, Cameron D. "The Evolution of Spanish Governance during the Early Bourbon Period in Peru: The Juan Santos Atahualpa Rebellion and the Missionaries of Ocopa." Americas 73, no. 3 (July 2016): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2016.62.
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In 1742, a highland Andean named Juan Santos led a group of mainly Asháninka and Yanesha warriors against a handful of isolated Franciscan missions in the central high jungle of Peru. Over the next ten years the rebellion smoldered, occasionally sparking to life, as Santos's forces pushed the missionaries based out of the College of Santa Rosa de Ocopa (near Jauja, Peru) back to the highlands. The uprising culminated in a brief foray into the highlands, but never effectively reached beyond the security of the densely vegetated high jungle, known locally as the central montaña region. Despite its modest accomplishments, the rebellion secured autonomy for the combatant nations during the rest of the colonial period.
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Parsons, Jeffrey R., Charles M. Hastings, and Ramiro Matos M. "Rebuilding the State in Highland Peru: Herder-Cultivator Interaction during the Late Intermediate Period in the Tarama-Chinchaycocha Region." Latin American Antiquity 8, no. 4 (December 1997): 317–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972106.
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We address the general problem of sociopolitical evolution in highland Peru during the Late Intermediate period (ca. A.D. 1000-1470) from the perspective of changing relationships between herders and cultivators in the Tarama-Chinchaycocha region. First, we use ethnographic and ethnohistoric information to help model central Andean herder-cultivator interaction. Here we emphasize the ecological and sociological foundations for economic specialization, the ritually based integration of pastoral and agricultural groups in the absence of strong state organization, and how the ritually interactive units define and maintain their borders. Second, in the light of these perspectives, we examine archaeological settlement pattern data from our study area in the central highlands of Peru. We conclude that the Late Intermediate period was a time of significant organizational change that included new forms of ritually based local and regional integration of pastoral and agricultural economies. Third, we briefly consider the general implications of our findings for understanding organizational change throughout the central Andean highlands during the Late Intermediate period. We suggest that the largest and most complex Late Intermediate highland polities depended on the full integration of specialized pastoralists and agriculturalists in those regions where both economies could attain maximal combined productivity in the aftermath of the breakdown of large states at the end of the Middle Horizon (ca. A.D. 600-1000).
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Alkulaibi, Mohammed Musid, Ahmed Mohamed Suleiman, Eltahir Awad Gasim Khalil, and Maged Ahmed Al-Garadi. "Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Western Highlands in Yemen." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019 (February 28, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8248916.
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Leishmaniasis in Yemen is still not fully investigated nor well studied. Recently, outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in western highland were declared. However, there are no reports concerning the disease and the circulating species in the region. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Utmah district located in Western Highlands in Yemen. A cross-sectional survey was carried out at those highlands. For the survey, 1165 participants were subjected to Leishmanin Skin Test (LST) accompanied with direct interviews and physical examination. The overall prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the district was 18.5% and the cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) was more frequent in the escarpments with a prevalence of 37%, including 5.5% for active lesion and 31.5% for scar of healed lesions. Children under the age of 16 years old comprised most of the CL cases (76.3%). The escarpments of western highlands in Yemen were hyperendemic areas for CL and the infection was more prevalent in children.
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Crossland, Zoë. "Time and the ancestors: landscape survey in the Andrantsay region of Madagascar." Antiquity 75, no. 290 (December 2001): 825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00089407.
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The landscapes of the central highlands of Madagascar are inhabited by the spirits of the dead as well as by the living. The ancestors are a forceful presence in the everyday world, and the archaeology of the central highlands is intimately entwined with them. This is made manifest both in the on-the-ground experiences encountered during fieldwork, and in archaeological narratives, such as the one presented here. Tombs are a traditional focus of archaeological research, and those that dot the hills of the central highlands are part of a network of beliefs and practices which engage with the landscape as a whole and through which social identity is constructed and maintained. In the central highlands, and indeed elsewhere in Madagascar, there is an intimate relationship between peoples’ understandings of their social and physical location in the world and their understanding of their relationship to the dead.
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FLODEN, AARON, and EDWARD E. SCHILLING. "A new stenoendemic species of Blephilia (Lamiaceae: Lamioideae; Menthinae) from the Interior Low Plateau of Tennessee." Phytotaxa 442, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.442.2.5.
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A new species of Blephilia, B. woffordii sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on results of morphometric and molecular analyses. The results support the distinctiveness of four species of Blephilia. The newly recognized species is distributed on limestone bluffs and cliffs within a small section of the Caney Fork River drainage of Middle Tennessee in the Eastern Highland Rim physiographic province. This region is known for several endemic species and also several species disjunct from the Ozark region of the Interior Highlands. A revised key to the genus is provided.
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Thomas, Ben. "The Importance of Being a Reservist: The Royal Navy Reserve and the Highlands and Islands, c.1875–1939." Scottish Historical Review 97, no. 2 (October 2018): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2018.0364.
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In 1894, two-fifths of the men who served in the Royal Naval Reserves (RNR) were drawn from the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, despite the region containing only 0.5% of the total UK population. This was not an atypical spike in recruitment, however, but represents merely one moment in a relationship that lasted for nearly a century. Highlanders and Islanders had served in the RNR since its inception in 1859, and continued to do so in large numbers right up to the outbreak of war in 1939. This article explores the association between region and military institution that developed as a result, and the economic and social reasons that lay behind this. In doing so, it challenges the tendency for Scottish historians to focus overwhelmingly on questions of national identity when examining the British military. It also suggests that the historiography of the Highlands and Islands has focused too much on questions of land and land ownership, and not enough on the wider economic and social circumstances impacting on individual and community life across the region.
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Karabiniuk, Mykola M., and Vladyslav Yu Peresolyak. "Optimization of land use of alpine-subalpine highlands Chornohora on the basis of the landscape principles." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Geography and Geology, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2019-1-73-81.
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The article presents the experience of using the landscape approach in optimizing the land use system of the alpine-subalpine highlands of Chornohora in the borders of the Transcarpathian region, the quality of the pasturage. On the basis of the features of the landscape organization of the mountainous territory and the properties of the integral geomapplexes of Chornohora, on the example of the key-site Sheshul – Petros, as well as regularities of the distribution of negative natural processes, the main centers and scale of the influence of the pasturage objects on the specific natural territorial complexes of the level of the tract were determined. On the landscape basis there are conditionally distinguished highland natural complexes from artificially developed pasture lands of forest middle level tier. The largest field pasturing type in the vicinity of the key area of Sheshul – Petros, the features of their placement and functioning, as well as the extent of attracting highland tracts, which are also used in the economy as pasture land in our research. The analysis of the morphological structure of the highlands made it possible to establish regularities of the organization of natural complexes, which express the properties and ecological state of the polonina pasture lands, and to develop recommendations for optimization of the pasturage as the main land useage of the highlands of Chornohora.
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Stahl, Peter W. "Selective Faunal Provisioning in the Southern Highlands of Formative Ecuador." Latin American Antiquity 16, no. 3 (September 2005): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30042496.
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AbstractAnalysis of a large animal bone assemblage from the Formative archaeological site of Challuabamba in Ecuador’s southern highlands provides additional evidence for the existence of local and extra-local trade connections during the second millennium B.C. Previous archaeological research has established that Formative occupants of this highland region accessed various maritime and terrestrial routes for the long-distance exchange of exotic goods with different highland and lowland areas throughout the Andes. The Formative zooarchaeological record at Challuabamba clearly implicates the provisioning of select high yield body portions of deer and the importation of exotic taxa, or parts thereof most likely from lowland sources directly to the west. Taphonomic analyses and zooarchaeological identification of the Challuabamba assemblage offer additional corroborating evidence for the early operation of prehispanic trade systems in the Northern Andes.
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ISTIANTO, ARDYTTO, and SARWOKO MANGKOEDIHARDJO. "Planning Greenspace for the Highlands Region of Surabaya." Current World Environment 13, Special issue 1 (November 25, 2018): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.13.special-issue1.01.
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This paper reports evaluation and planning of greenspace in the highlands region of Surabaya. Evaluation conducted by taking primary data related to the number of vehicles with traffic counting method and secondary data in the form of population, vegetation type, and pattern of greenspace vegetation planting. The calculation of the adequacy of greenspace is done by calculating the volume of carbon dioxide emissions by humans and vehicles. The calculation is then multiplied by the emission factor. In addition, it calculates absorption capacity of total carbon dioxide from the existing greenspace vegetation. The results showed that the existing vegetation could be preserved and enriched with the addition of vegetation species to absorb carbon dioxide gas emissions and in accordance with the laws and regulations.
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Guengerich, Anna. "Settlement Organization and Architecture in Late Intermediate Period Chachapoyas, Northeastern Peru." Latin American Antiquity 26, no. 3 (September 2015): 362–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.26.3.362.
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Chachapoya societies that lived on the forested eastern slopes of the Andes in northern Peru between A.D. 1000 and 1450 remain largely absent from broader narratives of the Andean Late Intermediate period (LIP). This paper argues that environmentally deterministic frameworks and lingering Inka biases have led scholars to problematically isolate Chachapoyans from their highland contemporaries. This work reviews three aspects of Chachapoya built environments—settlement patterning, internal organization, and architectural style—in order to provide a baseline for comparison with other regions. Chachapoyas shared a pattern of hilltop settlement locations with nearly all of the highlands, which suggests that its inhabitants faced the same shared factors that prompted changes in settlement organization on a massive scale in this region during the LIP. At the same time, comparison of Chachapoya built environments with others of the northern, central, and southern highlands highlights the considerable diversity within and between regions. This demonstrates that Chachapoyas is best interpreted as simply one of many regions that were characterized by distinctive spatlalltles and architectural forms. These reflected locally specific cultural practices and social institutions. Including Chachapoyas and other regions of the Eastern Andes in accounts of the LIP underscores the diversity and dynamism that characterized this period of significant change in Andean history.
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Moldobaeva, Marina, Anastasya Vinogradova, and Cholpon Muratova. "The risk of type 2 diabetes in the native population of highlands Aksay of Kyrgyzstan." Heart, Vessels and Transplantation 4, Issue 1 (January 22, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24969/hvt.2020.181.
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Objective: Highlands Aksay of Naryn region of Kyrgyzstan has specific natural and climatic conditions and located at altitude of 3000 m above sea level. We aimed to study 10-years risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the native population of highlands Aksay of Naryn Region of Kyrgyzstan. Methods: Overall, 152 indigenous people (50 men and 102 women) of highlands Aksay of Naryn region (3260-3680 m) were studied using one-step sampling. The study was random, subjected to the conditions of singleness and territoriality. FINDRISС questionnaire was used to calculate the risk of T2DM. Results: Women of highlands Aksay had a significantly higher prevalence of waist circumference (WC) &qt;80 cm, body mass index (BMI) &qt;25 kg/m2 and irregular intake of fruits and vegetables, whereas men showed irregular intake of fruits and vegetables, BMI&qt;25 kg/m2, and WC&qt; 94 cm. Conclusion: The features of the 10-year-old risk of developing T2DM in the indigenous people of the highlands of Kyrgyzstan include the predominance of abdominal obesity and the irregular intake of fruits and vegetables. When stratifying the risks of developing T2DM, low risk predominates, and a very high risk does not occur. The prognosis of the indigenous people of the highlands of Kyrgyzstan regarding the risk of developing T2DM depends on phenotypic factors and living conditions in the highlands, with hypoxia playing the leading role. Among the mountain people of Kyrgyzstan, metabolic factors are dominated by abdominal obesity and, probably, to reduce the risks of developing diabetes, along with the fight against other negative factors, regular intake of vegetables and fruits is effective.
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Bowness, James. "Masters Highland Games and imaginations of home." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 14, no. 3 (June 4, 2020): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-10-2019-0179.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the journeys of a group of North American Master athletes who travelled to Scotland to compete in the 2014 Masters World Championship Highland Games. Conceptualising, the Masters World Championship Highland Games as a unique form of sport heritage tourism, the paper explores how imaginations of the host venue are caught within individual and collective histories, while also being influenced by the socio-political context of contemporary Scotland. Design/methodology/approach After detailing the histories of the Highland games and Scottish emigration, the study draws upon a qualitative methodology to explore how such histories impact the imaginations of the Highland region. Findings This paper examines the journeys of athletes to the games, how they understood the games venue space and surrounding areas, and also how the Highland region itself was the site of contested meanings. The study concludes with a discussion of the narratives that frame imaginations of the Highlands and Scotland more broadly. Originality/value The paper adds to existing knowledge on sport heritage tourism and considers how conceptualisations of Scotland continue to be renegotiated in light of contemporary political developments.
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Castañon-Ortíz, Jazmín Guadalupe, Héctor J. Sánchez-Pérez, Mercedes Flores-López, Jorge León-Cortés, Adelina Schlie-Guzmán, Javier Gutiérrez-Jiménez, Jessica Lizzeth Gutiérrez-Ferman, et al. "Detecting pertussis in the Highlands region of Chiapas, Mexico." Salud Pública de México 62, no. 6, Nov-Dic (November 24, 2020): 872–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/11465.
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Objective. To determine the rate of Bordetella pertussis infection in children admitted to a paediatric emergency hospital service.Material and methods. The positivity rate to B. pertussis infection was determined in 344 enrolled children under five-year old measured by culture, RT-PCR, clinical and laboratory predictors.Results. The positive rate of B. pertussis infection was 5.40% (95%CI=2.24-13.05) by culture, 16.12% (95%CI=2.42-29.84) by RT-PCR, and 36.66% (95%CI=18.36-54.97) by the laboratory predictor.Conclusions. Clinical and laboratory predictors represent a suitable tool to improve the diagnosis and prevention of pertussis by health services in the region of study.
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van der Linden, Roderick, Andreas H. Fink, Tan Phan-Van, and Long Trinh-Tuan. "Synoptic-Dynamic Analysis of Early Dry-Season Rainfall Events in the Vietnamese Central Highlands." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 4 (March 29, 2016): 1509–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0265.1.
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Abstract The Central Highlands are Vietnam’s main coffee growing region. Unusual wet spells during the early dry season in November and December negatively affect two growing cycles in terms of yield and quality. The meteorological causes of wet spells in this region have not been thoroughly studied to date. Using daily rain gauge measurements at nine stations for the period 1981–2007 in the Central Highlands, four dynamically different early dry-season rainfall cases were investigated in depth: 1) the tail end of a cold front, 2) a tropical depression–type disturbance, 3) multiple tropical wave interactions, and 4) a cold surge with the Borneo vortex. Cases 1 and 4 are mainly extratropically forced. In case 1, moisture advection ahead of a dissipating cold front over the South China Sea led to high equivalent potential temperature in the southern highland where this air mass stalled and facilitated recurrent outbreaks of afternoon convection. In this case, the low-level northeasterly flow over the South China Sea was diverted around the southern highlands by relatively stable low layers. On the contrary, low-level flow was more orthogonal to the mountain barrier and high Froude numbers and concomitant low stability facilitated the westward extension of the rainfall zone across the mountain barrier in the other cases. In case 3, an eastward-traveling equatorial Kelvin wave might have been a factor in this westward extension, too. The results show a variety of interactions of large-scale wave forcings, synoptic-convective dynamics, and orographic effects on spatiotemporal details of the rainfall patterns.
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Phong, Dinh Thi, Vu Thi Thu Hien, and Tran Thi Lieu. "NUCLEOTIDE DIVERSITY OF 15 CONIFER SPECIES IN VIETNAM’ S CENTRAL HIGHLANDS BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF ITS, trnH-psbA, matK, trnL AND rpoC1 GENE REGIONS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/1/9732.
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In this study, five DNA sequences from ITS, trnH-psbA, matK, trnL and rpoC1 gene regions were used to explore relationships of 15 conifer species in Highlands of Vietnam. All target gene segments has been cloned at size as predicted by the theory for all 15 species of conifers. Nucleotide-level change of 15 coniferous species in five gene regions showed from the highest to the lowest as follows: the ITS gene region (0.428), the trnH-psbA region (0.378), the trnL (0.354), the matK gene (0.192) and the rpoC1 gene (0.105). The matK gene region showed the highest level of conservation (671 nucleotides) and the trnH-psbA gene region showed the lowest (78 nucleotides). Phylogenetic tree showed that the species in the same family are formatted in a separate evolutionary branch with bootstrap values obtained from the branching nodes of each species ranging from 52 to 97% for the ITS gene, from 50 to 100% for trnH-psbA gene region, from 66 to 100% for matK gene region, from 50 to 100% for trnL gene region and from 57 to 100% for rpoC1 gene region. Of the three gene regions of matK, trnL and rpoC1, the grouping of species in the same family showed the most obvious. This result suggests the three gene regions of matK, trnL and rpoC1 could be used as barcode for the 15 conifer species in central highlands of Vietnam.
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GRISALES, DIANA, and CLAUDIO J. B. DE CARVALHO. "Highland biodiversity of Fanniidae (Insecta, Diptera): fourteen new species from the Andes and Central America." Zootaxa 4551, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.4.
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In the neotropics, vegetation formations at high elevations are often unique, with their own characteristic vegetation because of unique and complex evolutionary histories. The complexity of the biogeographic and ecological structure of the fauna is demonstrated by the specialized fauna and flora occurring in these regions. Fanniidae (Diptera) is one of these specialized groups that became very diversified in the highlands. Currently, of the 91 species of Fanniidae in the Neotropical region, 43 (8 Euryomma, 35 Fannia) occur exclusively in Andean and Central American highlands. Here, we increase that highland diversity by describing 14 new species from 1000–4150 m.a.s.l. in the Andes and Central America: Fannia awa sp. nov., F. bari sp. nov., F. boruca sp. nov., F. bribri sp. nov., F. huetare sp. nov., F. humahuaca sp. nov., F. kabekwa sp. nov., F. palta sp. nov., F. polleti sp. nov., F. quillacingas sp. nov., F. teribi sp. nov., F. terraba sp. nov., F. tsachilas sp. nov. and F. yukpa sp. nov. We also provide an identification key for male specimens and diagnoses and descriptions of the species, along with photographs and illustrations of the male terminalia. New records and updated distributions are also provided for the Andean species.
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Bang, Nguyen N., Nguyen V. Chanh, Nguyen X. Trach, Duong N. Khang, Ben J. Hayes, John B. Gaughan, Russell E. Lyons, Nguyen T. Hai, and David M. McNeill. "Assessment of Performance and Some Welfare Indicators of Cows in Vietnamese Smallholder Dairy Farms." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030674.
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Smallholder dairy farms (SDFs) are distributed widely across lowland and highland regions in Vietnam, but data on the productivity and welfare status of these cows remains limited. This cross-sectional study was conducted to describe and compare the productivity and welfare status of SDF cows across contrasting regions. It was conducted in autumn 2017 on 32 SDFs randomly selected from four typical but contrasting dairy regions (eight SDFs per region); a south lowland, a south highland, a north lowland, and a north highland region. Each farm was visited over a 24-h period (an afternoon followed by a morning milking and adjacent husbandry activities) to collect data of individual lactating cows (n = 345) and dry cows (n = 123), which included: milk yield and concentrations, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS, 5-point scale, 5 = very fat), inseminations per conception, and level of heat stress experienced (panting score, 4.5-point scale, 0 = no stress). The high level of heat stress (96% of lactating cows were moderate to highly heat-stressed in the afternoon), low energy corrected milk yield (15.7 kg/cow/d), low percentage of lactating cows (37.3% herd), low BW (498 and 521 kg in lactating and dry cows, respectively), and low BCS of lactating cows (2.8) were the most important productivity and welfare concerns determined and these were most serious in the south lowland. By contrast, cows in the north lowland, a relatively hot but new dairying region, performed similarly to those in the south highland; a region historically considered to be one of the most suitable for dairy cows in Vietnam due to its cool environment. This indicates the potential to mitigate heat stress through new husbandry strategies. Cows in the north highland had the highest BW (535 and 569 kg in lactating and dry cows, respectively) and the highest energy corrected milk yield (19.2 kg/cow/d). Cows in all regions were heat-stressed during the daytime, although less so in the highlands compared to the lowlands. Opportunities for research into improving the productivity and welfare of Vietnamese SDF cows are discussed.
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Ameen, Hajar Ameen, and Salar Mohammad Ameen. "Assessment of soil quality indicators on different slope aspects in Duhok’s highlands (Kurdistan region – Iraq)." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 18, no. 2 (November 12, 2015): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10515.
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Julien, Daniel G. "Late Pre-Inkaic Ethnic Groups in Highland Peru: An Archaeological-Ethnohistorical Model of the Political Geography of the Cajamarca Region." Latin American Antiquity 4, no. 3 (September 1993): 246–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971791.
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A model of late pre-Inka political geography of the region surrounding Cajamarca, in the north highlands of Peru, is presented. This model, based on ethnohistoric data and archaeological research, can be projected back through time to help delineate the culture history of the Cajamarca ethnic group. Several chiefdoms emerged during the Late Intermediate period, following a time of sociopolitical disintegration. The region that became the Inka province of Cajamarca had been occupied by five or six chiefdoms during the latter part of the Late Intermediate period. The data are equivocal on the subject of whether political centralization had developed in the region before the Inka conquest, but suggest that at least some form of confederation existed. Comparison with other regions of the Peruvian Highlands reveals that the Cajamarca ethnic group was modest in population, but controlled a very large area. Other groups, such as the Wanka and Lupaqa, appear to have been undergoing a similar process of sociopolitical centralization. The Inka reorganized the region upon its incorporation into the empire, creating an economic and religious center for several surrounding provinces.
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MARCANO, VICENTE. "Te genus Siphula Fr. (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi) in Venezuela." Phytotaxa 489, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.489.1.2.
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Seven species of Siphula Nylander have been found in Venezuela (including Páramos and Guayana Highlands). Three species from the Guayana Highlands viz. S. chimantensis V. Marcano, S. subsimplex V. Marcano and S. subpteruloides V. Marcano are described as new to science. A key to the species is presented together with data on morphology, chemistry, variation, taxonomy, habitat and distribution. The data indicate that of the taxa reported from Venezuela, four are known only from the Guayana Highlands, one is known only from the neotropics, and two are pantropical. The high concentration of Siphula species seen in the Guayana Highlands suggests that this region constitutes an important centre for speciation and endemism for the genus.
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Leasure, D. R., D. D. Magoulick, and S. D. Longing. "Natural Flow Regimes of the Ozark-Ouachita Interior Highlands Region." River Research and Applications 32, no. 1 (November 11, 2014): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2838.
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Mickienė, Ilona, and Rita Baranauskienė. "Toponyms from Appellative Personal Names in the Southern Highlands Region." Respectus Philologicus, no. 36(41) (October 16, 2019): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.23.
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The aim of this article is to discuss the formation of toponyms derived from various kinds of appellatives originating from personal names of the southern part of Lithuania – South Highlands (Lith. Pietų Aukštaitija). This is one of the semantic groups of toponyms, differentiating in specificity and meaning from the base words (toponyms consist of appellative personal names). Research into toponyms of appellative personal names reveals how proper names reflect the worldview of the residents of the aforementioned region. The material for the article was collected from the geoinformation data base of Lithuanian toponyms (LVvGDB). To explain the origin of toponyms with reference to the base words, the dictionary of Lithuanian surnames (Lith. LPŽe), the dictionary of the Lithuanian language (Lith. LKŽe), geoinformation data base of Lithuanian toponyms (LVvGDB) were employed. Focusing on word-formation under the structural-grammatical classification of hydronyms developed by Aleksandras Vanagas, the toponyms of each group are divided into primary and secondary. Ethnonyms are classified as primary, derivatives, composites and compounds.
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Stephen Athens, J., Jerome V. Ward, Deborah M. Pearsall, Karol Chandler-Ezell, Dean W. Blinn, and Alex E. Morrison. "Early Prehistoric Maize in Northern Highland Ecuador." Latin American Antiquity 27, no. 1 (March 2016): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.27.1.3.
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The discovery of the fully developed Formative sites of Cotocallao (ca. 3750-2350 cal. B.P.) in the Quito Basin and La Chimba (ca. 2650-1700 cal. B.P.) in the northern highlands of Ecuador has raised questions about their cultural antecedents, which have not been resolved despite decades of archaeological work in the region. Paleoenvironmental coring investigations were conducted at Lake San Pablo in northern highland Ecuador to determine the date for the onset of prehistoric maize farming in the temperate highland valleys of this region. The investigations included analysis of lake sediments for pollen, phytoliths, diatoms, and tephra. Maize pollen was identified as early as 4900 cal. B.P., while maize phytoliths dated even earlier, to 6200 or 6600 cal. B.P. These results demonstrate a long history of maize farming in valleys around Lake San Pablo, but in the context of a punctuated record of major and minor volcanic eruptions. It is concluded that early horticultural sites predating Cotocallao and La Chimba must exist, but to find such sites, archaeologists will have to locate and study deeply buried A-horizon soils.
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Falconí, Esteban, Javier Garófalo, Luis Ponce, Jorge Coronel, Segundo Abad, and Miguel Rivadeneira. "'INIAP-Palmira 2014': a new drought-resistance barley variety." Agronomía Colombiana 33, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n2.49678.
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is produced in the Ecuadorian highlands ( > 3,000 m a.s.l.) primarily for self-consumption and small-scale commercialization. Not many crop species are adapted to this altitude; therefore, barley is one of a few crop species that can be grown at these locations. Severe environmental conditions can be found in the Ecuadorian highlands since the region is characterized by poor soils and water deficiency (< 300 mm yr-1). The Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP) has developed 'INIAP-Palmira 2014', a hulled two-row barley variety adapted to Ecuadorian agricultural conditions in the highlands. 'INIAP-Palmira 2014' showed acceptable yield performance as compared with the most popular improved barley cultivars in different production areas located in Ecuador. However, this new barley variety showed superior performance under water stress conditions in the highlands highlands (>3,000 m a.s.l.). Additionally, 'INIAP-Palmira 2014' showed disease resistance, mainly to yellow rust, in all of the locations where the new variety was evaluated.
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Forssman, Tim, Matt Lotter, John Parkington, Jeremy Hollmann, Jessica Angel, and Wouter Fourie. "An Introduction to the Stone Age Archaeology of the Polihali Dam Area, Mokhotlong District, Lesotho." Journal of African Archaeology 18, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20190016.
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Abstract Much of Lesotho’s cultural heritage has been studied as a result of dam developments. Where dams have been built, heritage studies have provided crucial data for improving our understanding of local archaeological sequences. Ahead of the construction of the Lesotho Highland Development Authority’s (LHDA) new Polihali Dam in Lesotho’s Mokhotlong District and following the recommendations of a heritage assessment (CES 2014), a large-scale five-year cultural heritage management program was launched in 2018 that seeks to excavate and mitigate a number of heritage sites. Here, we provide the background to one of southern Africa’s largest heritage mitigation contracts by contextualising the current research program. We then present the archaeology of Lesotho’s eastern highlands basalt region using data collected during the inception phase of this program. The findings challenge current preconceived notions about the sparsity of archaeological remains for this region.
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Luu, Dam Ngoc Anh, Hai Dang Nguyen, Van Huong Bui, Khac Ban Ninh, Chi Mai Nguyen, and Dam Cu Luu. "Diversity of oil plant resourcesin the Central Highlands region and antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils of Magnolia citrataNoot. & Chalermglinand Hedyosmum orientaleMerr. & Chun." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 63, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.63(1).11-15.
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The Central Highlands (Tay Nguyen) possesses suitable resources for the cultivation of valuable industrial plants. The region also enjoys favourable conditions, which are highland topography, sub-tropical climate, and abundant flora, for the flourishment of essential oil resources. The authors conducted surveys and assessments in five provinces: Lam Dong, Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, and Dak Nong. As a result, there were 248 plants with sufficient essential oil contents were identified. Besides, the authors also conducted research on the contents, chemical compositions, bioactivities, and recognised several species with considerable potentials for pharmaceutical use, due to their high concentration and quality of oils such as some in the genera Gaultheria, Magnolia, etc..
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KEHOE, S. KARLY. "From the Caribbean to the Scottish Highlands: Charitable Enterprise in the Age of Improvement, c.1750 to c.1820." Rural History 27, no. 1 (March 3, 2016): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793315000151.
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AbstractThe growing Scottish Highland presence in the Caribbean after 1750 was indicative of two things. On the one hand there was a British imperial agenda intent on promoting economic development and security in the Caribbean. On the other there was a domestic agenda, with a focus on introducing the sweeping changes to Highland society that would complete the process of Highland pacification. There was also, however, a deep concern for the socio-economic and cultural survival of the Highlands which encouraged countless Highlanders to engage in myriad imperial pursuits. This article links the global with the local by considering the rise of charitable enterprise in the Scottish Highlands, one of Britain's most vulnerable regions. In considering the establishment of the region's first hospital, the Northern Infirmary at Inverness, and three academies at Fortrose, Tain and Inverness, it establishes the Scottish Highlands’ intrinsic link with the Caribbean's plantation economy.
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Negash, Teklebrhan, Erik Möllerström, and Fredric Ottermo. "An Assessment of Wind Energy Potential for the Three Topographic Regions of Eritrea." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 1846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071846.
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This paper presents the wind energy potential and wind characteristics for 25 wind sites in Eritrea, based on wind data from the years 2000–2005. The studied sites are distributed all over Eritrea, but can roughly be divided into three regions: coastal region, western lowlands, and central highlands. The coastal region sites have the highest potential for wind power. An uncertainty, due to extrapolating the wind speed from the 10-m measurements, should be noted. The year to year variations are typically small and, for the sites deemed as suitable for wind power, the seasonal variations are most prominent in the coastal region with a peak during the period November–March. Moreover, Weibull parameters, prevailing wind direction, and wind power density recalculated for 100 m above ground are presented for all 25 sites. Comparing the results to values from the web-based, large-scale dataset, the Global Wind Atlas (GWA), both mean wind speed and wind power density are typically higher for the measurements. The difference is especially large for the more complex-terrain central highland sites where GWA results are also likely to be more uncertain. The result of this study can be used to make preliminary assessments on possible power production potential at the given sites.
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Craddock, Robert A., and Ted A. Maxwell. "Resurfacing of the Martian Highlands in the Amenthes and Tyrrhena region." Journal of Geophysical Research 95, B9 (1990): 14265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb095ib09p14265.
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Basile, A. "THE EQUINE BREEDS OF THE MURGE REGION OF ITALY." Animal Genetic Resources Information 9 (April 1992): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900003242.
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SUMMARYTwo interesting equine populations have been traditionally raised in the Apullian highlands of the Murge. The Murge horse can be traced back to the spanish occupation of this region and is today known for its potential as a pleasure and riding horse. The donkey of Martina Franca, well-known for its crossbreeding potential to produce hardy mules, is actually an endangered population saved only by the intervention of the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
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Le, Nguyen Phuong, and Luu Van Duy. "Effect of provincial competitiveness index on enterprise attraction in the Central Highlands, Vietnam." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): e0256525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256525.
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This study aims to make a critical review of provincial competitiveness index (PCI) in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. In this regard, the research examines relationships between PCI and the possible attraction of enterprises operating in the region, thereafter, proposes some policy recommendations to improve business environment in the region. The secondary dataset of PCI and enterprise were incorporate with primary data collected from qualitative methods to explore the effect of PCI on enterprise attraction. The results show that the enterprises which have been operating in the Central Highlands accounted for 2.2% of the total with invested capital and accounted for 1.1% of whole country in 2018. PCI highly correlates with the number of enterprises, the employees and the capital of enterprises. Consequently, in order to attract enterprises, local governments in the region need to improve sub-indexes thereby improving general PCI scores.
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García-Castaño, Juan Luis, Johannes Kollmann, and Pedro Jordano. "Spatial variation of post-dispersal seed removal by rodents in highland microhabitats of Spain and Switzerland." Seed Science Research 16, no. 3 (September 2006): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2006245.
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Few data are available and little is known about spatial variation in post-dispersal seed removal at different levels throughout the geographic range of a plant species. Here, we compare post-dispersal seed removal by rodents within and among sites in two distinct regions, the south-eastern Spanish Mediterranean highlands and the Swiss Jura. Seed removal was assessed experimentally for four fleshy-fruited species (Berberis vulgaris,Crataegus monogyna,Rosaspp. andTaxus baccata) in heterogeneous sites with distinct microhabitats. A factorial general linear model (GLM) analysis was used to evaluate the relative influence of species-specific seed traits on removal at three spatial levels (microhabitat, site and region). In both highland ecosystems, live trapping revealed that rodents were the main seed removers:Apodemus sylvaticuswas observed in both regions, whereasA. flavicollisandClethrionomys glareolusoccurred only at the Swiss sites. There was a significant difference in seed removal between regions, and the preferences of the rodents varied among plant species and microhabitats. Variation in rodent presence explained some differences in seed removal between regions and among microhabitats. Finally, the effect of rodent presence on seed removal differs due to both regional and microhabitat effects.
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Zhigalin, A. V., A. A. Gadzhiev, M. G. Daudova, N. G. Salimkhanov, and A. M. Shestopalov. "ECOLOGY OF CHIROPTERA BATS IN ALTAI-SAYAN REGION OF SOUTHERN SIBERIA." South of Russia: ecology, development 14, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-1-9-25.
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Aim. The aim of this work is to summarize the available data on zoogeographic analysis and fauna of the bats of the Altai-Sayan region.Discussion. The chiropterofauna of the AltaiSayan highlands includes the representatives of 13 species. The obtained data on the distribution of bats in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out a zoogeographic analysis of the chiropterofauna of the Altai-Sayan highland. The faunal complex of bats in the study area and adjacent territories is represented by boreal, European and Central Asian species. The cluster analysis by Jaccard coefficient allowed us to distinguish two main chiropterological complexes: Altai-Sayan and Ubsunur. Our boundary between these complexes coincides or is close to the biogeographic boundaries drawn for various groups of vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as plants.Conclusion. Altai-Sayan territory is inhabited by 13 bat species of six genera belonging to Vespertilionidae family. The most common species are the following: eastern water bat – Myotis petax Hollister, 1912; Siberian bat – Myotis sibiricus Kastschenko, 1905; Ikonnikov's bat – Myotis ikonnikov Ognev, 1912; Northern bat – Eptesicus nilssonii Keyserling, Blasius, 1839; Parti-coloured bat – Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758; Ognev's long-eared bat – Plecotus ognevi Kishida, 1927. In the fauna of the region, the boundary between two chiropterological complexes (Altai-Sayan and Ubsunur) runs through Kurtushibinsk-Usinsk province.
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Gold, C. S., A. Kiggundu, A. M. K. Abera, and D. Karamura. "DIVERSITY, DISTRIBUTION AND FARMER PREFERENCE OF MUSA CULTIVARS IN UGANDA." Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 1 (January 2002): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702000145.
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The East African highlands, home to more than 80 cultivated varieties of locally evolved bananas, constitute a secondary centre of banana diversity. Uganda is the leading producer and consumer of banana in the region and also enjoys the highest diversity of a group of bananas uniquely adapted to this region. These East African highland bananas comprise cooking and brewing types. The former is a staple for more than 7 million people and thus important for food security. Little is known about the distribution of the vast germplasm and this study was set up to help determine a distribution pattern and to understand the dynamics of cultivar change using farmers participatory appraisal methods. The study involved a guided interview with 120 farmers, at 24 sites throughout the banana-growing region of Uganda, to reveal cultivar diversity, proportions, distribution and preferences. Cultivar diversity ranged from 18 to 34 (mean = 26) cultivars per site, and from 4 to 22 (mean = 12.3), cultivars per individual farm. Such high diversity was attributed to a variety of end uses, better food security and the perception that each cultivar had a unique range of strengths and weaknesses. Highland banana (AAA-EA) represented 76% of total production while Kayinja (‘Pisang Awak’ subgroup) (ABB) contributed 8%; Ndiizi (’Ney Poovan’ subgroup) (AB) 7%; Kisubi (‘Ney Poovan’ subgroup) (AB) 5%; Gros Michel (‘Bogoya’) (AAA) 2%; and plantain (AAB) 2%. Although 130 highland cultivars were recorded, only 10 constituted 50% of highland banana production while 45 cultivars were found at only 1 or 2 sites. A few cultivars showed more universal distribution and it is proposed that these may be the oldest and best performing local landraces.
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Hale, I. L., I. Mamuya, and D. Singh. "Sr31-Virulent Races (TTKSK, TTKST, and TTTSK) of the Wheat Stem Rust Pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici are Present in Tanzania." Plant Disease 97, no. 4 (April 2013): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-12-0604-pdn.
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Since the first detection of race TTKSK (syn. Ug99) in Uganda in 1999 (2), the migration and evolution of Sr31-virulent races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici [Pgt] have been closely monitored, particularly in Kenya and countries north, along the likely trajectory of migration to major wheat-producing regions of Asia. More recently, surveillance efforts have been undertaken to the south as well, and Ug99-related races have been detected in South Africa and Zimbabwe (3,4). Here we report for the first time results of a survey conducted in Tanzania. Systematic race surveillance provides data not only on the current distribution of the Ug99 race group, but also on the possible points of origin as well as the pace and probable paths of dispersal of future races from the region. In this context, the presence or absence of the Ug99 group of wheat stem rust races in adjacent countries like Tanzania assumes regional, and possibly global, relevance. A preliminary survey conducted in September 2006 indicated the presence of Sr31-virulent races of Pgt outside Slahhamo Village (3°15′S, 35°48′E) in the Ngorongoro highlands of northern Tanzania, based on compatible reactions with cv. K-Mamba (a.k.a. Mwamba), a cultivar whose pedigree indicates the presence of Sr31. A broader survey was conducted in August 2009, during which infected tissue was collected from currently-grown cultivars in research plots and on large estates, as well as from the mixes of older cultivars common on smallholder farms. In all, Pgt-infected samples were collected from one site in the Arusha region [Monduli (3°16′ S, 36°24′E)], three sites in the Ngorongoro highlands [Karatu (3°20′ S, 35°40′ E), Upper Kitete (3°14′ S, 35°53′ E), and Slahhamo], one site in the Manyara region [Hanang (4°43′ S, 35°40′ E)], and one site in the Mbeya region [southern highlands (8°87′ S, 33°40′ E)], thereby giving representation to all four major wheat growing areas in the country. Sample storage, inoculation, incubation, disease assessment, and derivation of single-pustule cultures were all performed according to the methods described by Jin et al. (1). In addition to the 20 differentials in the expanded Pgt differential set of North America, we included two supplemental tester lines: Siouxland (Sr24 + Sr31) and Sisson (Sr31 + Sr36). Each single-pustule-derived isolate was evaluated for virulence on the differential and supplemental lines at least twice. A total of 39 single-pustule isolates were derived from the six collection sites. All 39 isolates were identified as belonging to the Ug99 race group, with six identified as TTKSK (all four regions), 30 identified as TTKST (Sr31 + Sr24 virulence; Arusha region and the Ngorongoro highlands), and three identified as TTTSK (Sr31 + Sr36 virulence; Manyara region and the Ngorongoro highlands). The results of this study suggest that, to more precisely locate the “hot spots” and thereby gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of novel race emergence in East Africa, it would be prudent to include Tanzania, heretofore a blank area on the wheat rust surveillance map, in future systematic race monitoring efforts. References: (1) Y. Jin et al. Plant Dis. 92:923, 2008. (2) Z. A. Pretorius et al. Plant Dis. 84:203, 2000. (3) Z. A. Pretorius et al. Plant Dis. 94:784, 2010. (4) Z. A. Pretorius et al. Plant Dis. 96:590, 2012.
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Mafuwe, Kudzai. "Freshwater Biodiversity of the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe: Assessing Conservation Priorities Using Primary Species-Occurrence Data." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 22, 2018): e25960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25960.
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The Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe is a biodiversity hotspot that forms part of the Eastern Afromontane region, which has seen an increase in human activities such as agriculture, illegal mining, and introduction of invasive species. These anthropogenic activities have had negative environmental consequences including land degradation and water pollution, which have negatively impacted on the quality of aquatic habitats and biodiversity in the region. The region harbours several freshwater species of conservation interest whose numbers and distribution are little known. We also do not know the impacts of the ongoing human activities and threats on the local wetland biodiversity and the integrity of the ecosystem in the region. The relevant data on the wetland biodiversity from previous studies and surveys is also not readiliy available to guide poliies and conservation efforts in this region. With the aid of the Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) program sponsored by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the European Union (EU), a project titled 'Freshwater Biodiversity of the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe: Assessing Conservation Priorities Using Primary Species-Occurrence Data' has mobilized and digitized over 2,000 occurrence records on freshwater biodiversity, with a focus on fish, invertebrates, amphibians and bird species in the region, since October 2017. The project also makes use of biodiversity informatics tools such as ecological niche modelling, to identify the important sites for conservation of the freshwater biodiversity in this region. The outputs will help to show policy makers, wildlife managers, researchers and conservationists where to target resources and conservation efforts. This will also help protect the biodiversity that still existsin the unprotected wetlands of the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe and that could be lost to human activities such as clearing for agriculture.
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Mose, Ingo, and Yvonne Brodda. "Neue regionale Entwicklungskonzepte für periphere ländliche Räume." Raumforschung und Raumordnung 62, no. 3 (May 31, 2004): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03183475.
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Kurzfassung Die schottischen Highlands and Islands gelten seit langem als einer der klassischen Peripherräume Europas. Vor diesem Problemhintergrund vermittelt der Beitrag zunächst einen kurzen Überblick über die historische Entwicklung der Highlands and Islands, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf den Prozess der „Peripherisierung” der Region und die Entwicklung und Ausgestaltung regionalpolitischer Fördermaßnahmen während der letzten 40 Jahre gelegt wird. Ein weiterer Fokus liegt auf der gegenwärtigen Umgestaltung von Konzepten, Programmen und Instrumenten der Regionalentwicklung, in deren Zentrum die skizzierte Diskussion um Konzepte einesintegrated rural development (integrierte ländliche Entwicklung) steht.
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Ogburn, Dennis E. "Obsidian in Southern Ecuador: The Carboncillo Source." Latin American Antiquity 22, no. 1 (March 2011): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.22.1.97.
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AbstractThe Carboncillo area in the southern highlands of Ecuador is identified as the only confirmed source of archaeological obsidian located in the country outside of the northern highlands and is the first identified in the large gap between the known Ecuadorian and Peruvian sources. With the identification of this source, it can no longer be assumed that all obsidian found in Ecuador came from sources in the northern highlands. Thus the Carboncillo source has significant implications for interpreting patterns of long-distance exchange in the Andes, especially in southern Ecuador and the far north of Peru. A geochemical analysis of the Carboncillo material shows that it can be easily distinguished from the obsidian from other Ecuadorian sources. A provenance study of archaeological obsidian samples from the southern highlands of Ecuador using x-ray fluorescence demonstrates that the Carboncillo obsidian was used at the Preceramic site of Chobshi Cave and at a number of late prehispanic sites in the Saraguro region. The results indicate a high level of sociopolitical and economic isolation in late prehistory, most likely tied to a preoccupation with warfare between neighboring groups, and provide additional evidence that the economic organization of the southern highlands differed markedly from that of the north during this time.
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Noe, Christine. "Reducing Land Degradation on the Highlands of Kilimanjaro Region: A Biogeographical Perspective." Open Journal of Soil Science 04, no. 13 (2014): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2014.413043.
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Ruiz, Lourdes. "Adverse Environmental Effects of Tourism on Communities in the Ecuadorian Highlands Region." Current Urban Studies 05, no. 03 (2017): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cus.2017.53019.
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Sá, Eder Alexandre Schatz, Carolina Natel de Moura, Victor Luís Padilha, and Claudia Guimarães Camargo Campos. "Trends in daily precipitation in highlands region of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 13, no. 1 (February 16, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2149.
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This study evaluates the occurrence of trends in time series of precipitation in the highlands region of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Daily precipitation data of three weather stations at Lages, São Joaquim and Campos Novos were used to evaluate rainfall trends. The trends were analyzed through the Seasonal Mann Kendall test, to include occurrence of maximum annual 1-day precipitation (RX1), maximum annual consecutive 2-day precipitation (RX2) and maximum annual consecutive 3-day precipitation (RX3) and evaluation of Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI). Trends were identified in two of three weather stations investigated. Positive precipitation trends were found in the spring and winter for Lages, and in the spring and summer for São Joaquim. Also, there is a trend of increase in the RX1, RX2 and RX3 frequencies and an increase in positive anomalies in the last decade for these stations. There are no statistically significant trends in the precipitation of Campos Novos, which may be associated with the short series of available data for the analysis. The occurrence of El Niño phenomenon with moderate to strong intensity was usually associated with the occurrence of positive precipitation anomalies and the La Niña phenomenon was related to the occurrence of negative anomalies. However, the influence of La Niña in the periods of negative anomaly has been reduced since the beginning of the 21st century.
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Brykova, A. L., and L. V. Frisman. "INVESTIGATION OF THE ALLELIC COMPOSITION OF THE MA-3 MICROSATELLITE LOCUS IN SABLE (MARTES ZIBELLINA L., 1758) OF THE MIDDLE AMUR REGION: ANALYSIS OF THE COLLECTIONS OF SUCCESSIVE HUNTING SEASONS." Regional problems 24, no. 2-3 (2021): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2021-24-2-3-99-102.
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The authors investigated the allele microsatellite locus Ma-3 composition in the Middle Amur Region sable (Martes zibellina). Three subpopulations of animals from the Bureinsky Highlands (Magan, Sutyr and Kamenushka), as well as one from the western macro slope of the Sikhote-Alin ridge (Manoma) were analyzed. The genetic material was collected for the hunting seasons of 2011/2012 – 2017/2018. Subpopulations of the northern (Magan) and middle (Sutyr) parts of the Bureinsky ridge were most similar to each other in their allele composition In the subpopulation of the Bureinsky Highlands southern part (Kamenushka) some slight differences were found. In the Manoma subpopulation, the specific allele 129 was found in hunting catches of 2012-2013 and 2017-2018. The specific allele presence in this subpopulation has proved some geographic isolation between the Sikhote Alin and the Bureinsky Highlands sable populations.
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Tutchener, David, David Claudie, and Michael Morrison. "Results of archaeological surveys of the Pianamu cultural landscape, central Cape York Peninsula, 2014-2016." Queensland Archaeological Research 22 (September 3, 2019): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.22.2019.3699.
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This paper presents preliminary results of archaeological investigation of the northern Cape York Peninsula highlands, the homelands of the Kuuku I’yu (northern Kaanju) people. Despite intensive and long-term research programs elsewhere in Cape York Peninsula, no previous archaeological work has been undertaken in this particular region. The aim of this research was to identify the location of archaeological places and artefacts throughout the Kaanju Ngaachi Indigenous Protected Area (IPA) and the broader Wenlock region. The preliminary research results outlined here include the recording of rock art, culturally modified trees, lithic material, pastoral sites and the remains of a Native Mounted Police camp. This study clearly indicates that the highlands of Cape York Peninsula have substantial research potential; however, further work is required to achieve a greater understanding of both physical and cultural landscapes.