To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Higher Victoria History 19th century.
Journal articles on the topic 'Higher Victoria History 19th century'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Higher Victoria History 19th century.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Jarrett, Simon. "Consciousness reduced: The role of the ‘idiot’ in early evolutionary psychology." History of the Human Sciences 33, no. 5 (July 7, 2020): 110–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695120911557.
Full textAbstract:
A conception of the idiotic mind was used to substantiate late 19th-century theories of mental evolution. A new school of animal/comparative psychologists attempted from the 1870s to demonstrate that evolution was a mental as well as a physical process. This intellectual enterprise necessitated the closure, or narrowing, of the ‘consciousness gap’ between human and animal species. A concept of a quasi-non-conscious human mind, set against conscious intention and ability in higher animals, provided an explanatory framework for the human–animal continuum and the evolution of consciousness. The article addresses a significant lacuna in the historiographies of intellectual disability, animal science, and evolutionary psychology, where the application of a conception of human idiocy to advance theories of consciousness evolution has not hitherto been explored. These ideas retain contemporary resonance in ethology and cognitive psychology, and in the theory of ‘speciesism’, outlined by Peter Singer in Animal Liberation (1975), which claims that equal consideration of interests is not arbitrarily restricted to members of the human species, and advocates euthanasia of intellectually disabled human infants. Speciesism remains at the core of animal rights activism today. The article also explores the influence of the idea of the semi-evolved idiot mind in late-Victorian anthropology and neuroscience. These ideas operated in a separate intellectual sphere to eugenic thought. They were (and remain) deeply influential, and were at the heart of the idea of the moral idiot or imbecile, targeted in the 1913 Mental Deficiency Act, as well as in 20th-century animal and human consciousness theory.
2
Zillman, John. "Von Neumayer’s place in history a century on: closing remarks at the anniversary symposium." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 123, no. 1 (2011): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs11123.
Full textAbstract:
The Georg von Neumayer Anniversary Symposium held at the Royal Society of Victoria Hall in Melbourne on 27–30 May 2009 brought together a wide range of perspectives on the life, times and scientific achievements of one of the most remarkable figures of 19th Century Australian, German and polar science.
3
Branagan, D. "Alfred Selwyn - 19th Century Trans-Atlantic Connections Via Australia." Earth Sciences History 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.9.2.p1x636x7w8r1v2qp.
Full textAbstract:
The contributions of A.R.C. Selwyn to geological science were considerable, and possibly unique in the 19th century, as they spanned three continents in a career lasting more than 50 years. In particular Selwyn is rightly regarded as establishing geology as a profession in Australia, both by his own high quality mapping, and by the training of a number of talented young men in his Geological Survey of Victoria (1852-1868). In Canada he pursued the same high standards when appointed as Director of the Geological Survey at a time when the Dominion had just become greatly enlarged. A strong supporter of his staff, Selwyn engaged in a controversy with U.S. geologists about Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic stratigraphy, maintaining that Canadian field evidence provided the key which negated the U.S. stand. Selwyn maintained links with the colleagues of his early years in the British Geological Survey (1845-1852) during his long career, keeping in touch with new ideas in Europe and informing his friends about the results of Australian and Canadian geological research.
4
Lilly, Iwona. "Dear Mother Victoria." Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, no. 32 (March 15, 2021): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2021.32.11.
Full textAbstract:
Motherhood is by many, especially women, one of the greatest experiences in life. The ultimate goal that women, if not all than many, should achieve. Nowadays, we are flooded with help books, websites, guides that lead us through pregnancy and then assist us during the first months of our new born baby. This blessed state seems to be cherished now above all, however, this view was not always the same. Throughout history we can see many women for whom maternity was not meant to be and still they were able to fulfil their life-time goals devoting themselves to other areas of life. For some, maternity was rather a political aspect that would secure the future of the nation. In my article I will focus on the aspect of motherhood through the eyes of Queen Victoria for whom, indeed, maternity was rather an unwelcomed addition to her royal life. I will discuss her own rigid upbringing which can help to understand her later attitude towards her own children. The trend, where there were no proper roles ascribed to parents in terms of their influence on their children, was predominant in the 19th century and based on this we can see how important it was for character creation
5
Willis, Frances. "Innovative cover design: an exploration of 19th- and early 20th-century publishers’ cloth bindings designs." Art Libraries Journal 38, no. 1 (2013): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200017818.
Full textAbstract:
The Victoria and Albert Museum’s Renier Collection of Children’s Books provides a rich resource for research into book production as well as social history. Publishers’ cloth bindings have developed in a visually vibrant way that provides clues to the production dates of the books, as well as encouraging reflections on how they were marketed across the Victorian era and early 20th century. Questions also arise, such as, what was the relationship between the reader and cover? How did the cover designs reflect the times in which they were created? And, how different are our paperback era designs to those of the period when cloth was used?
6
Tahir, Azian, Arba’iyah Mohd Noor, Mohd Firdaus Abdullah, and Suffian Mansor. "An Analysis of Reports by The Illustrated London News (ILN) and The Graphic against Social Activities in Malaya in the 19th Century." Wacana Seni Journal of Arts Discourse 20 (December 27, 2021): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/ws2021.20.5.
Full textAbstract:
Unlike in the West, the emergence of visual printing and printing press in Malaya was comparatively lagged behind. Publication and printing reached the Malayan shore through the Straits Settlements after the first publication was brought in and introduced by A. B. Bone in 1806. Since then, various visual reports regarding Malaya made their way into the well-known newspapers in Britain, The Illustrated London News (ILN) and The Graphic. Social activities in Malaya became part of the main visual report in these newspapers. Nonetheless, it was found that these newspapers were not objective in reporting the news on social activities in Malaya. In lieu of this, the current research attempted to find out the extent of the action of ILN and The Graphic in manipulating visual news report about the social activities in Malaya in the 19th century. In addition, this research also aimed to find out how far the ideas and thoughts of both newspapers in describing the news reports related to social activities in Malaya in the 19th century. This research focuses on the 19th century, within the specified period, of which the two respective presses released many visual news reports regarding social activities in Malaya. The qualitative method and visual approach were chosen as the research itself was conducted in London, especially at the National Art Library, situated in the Victoria and Albert Museum. In Malaysia, materials and resources were obtained from the Malaysian National Archive, National Museum, National Library, and libraries at higher learning institutions.
7
Rivera Gómez, Elva. "Knowledge transgressors: the incursion of women to science in Mexico, 19th-20th centuries." Culture & History Digital Journal 8, no. 1 (July 17, 2019): 004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2019.004.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of feminist thought has been very important in the field of history, as it has revealed the invisibility of women in this disciplinary field, besides of studying power relations and their effects on the daily, private and public life in which both women and men are involved. Access to education, first primary, then secondary and later higher in Mexico, spanned for a period of more than a century. In some of the regions, the presence of women in higher education was in the last third of the nineteenth century in areas considered feminine, such as midwifery, nursing and others. Careers are recorded in the 20th century. In this paper we propose to review the historiography and history of women who entered the different fields of knowledge at the end of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century, as well as to present a panorama of the educational spaces to which the Mexican women had access.
8
Guoyi, Qin. "COLLECTING CHINA ART OBJECTS IN ENGLAND IN THE 19TH CENTURY." Articult, no. 3 (2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2227-6165-2022-3-18-24.
Full textAbstract:
In the article, in the form of a brief overview, the Chinese influence on European art, in particular on English art, in the 19th century is described. The history of the emergence of Chinese art in Britain is summarized, the main stages of collecting and their prominent representatives are described. The article describes such areas of art as porcelain, engravings, painting, architecture, shows a description of their influence on European art, gives the reasons for the appearance of Chinese art in Europe. This article corrects the current picture of the development of collecting, based mainly on English-language material. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the relationship of the studied cultures, the influence of Chinese culture on English is considered in the prism of social and political factors. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the influence of Chinese art on the art of Europe depended on their position in the respective hierarchies: the higher the status of art in China, the less influence it had in Europe; and the higher the status of art in Europe, the less susceptible it was to Chinese influence.
9
Budzar, Maryna. "KYIV HISTORY IN EGO-DOCUMENTS: HRYHORII GALAGAN’S LETTER TO OLEKSANDR KOCHUBEY, 1857." Kyiv Historical Studies, no. 1 (2017): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2017.13640.
Full textAbstract:
The use of the epistolary heritage is one of the main requirements of the researchers who study Ukrainian cities. An important task is to reconstruct the history of Kyiv through the impressions of its inhabitants. Such a task is realized in the article, which is the publication of one of the letters of Hryhorii Pavlovych Galagan, the great landlord, influential public and cultural figure of the middle and second half of the 19th century, to his wife’s uncle, Oleksandr Vasyliovych Kochubey, the representative of the higher echelons of the imperial elite, a member of the State Council of Russian Empire. The document is a significant source. Apart the main theme of the letter — the visit of Emperor Alexander II to Kyiv in autumn of 1857, here is highlighted a number of socio-political and private-family issues. The publication of the document is important for the study of the Ukrainian elite of the 19th century in multidimensional manifestations of social and everyday life.
10
Tronchet, Guillaume. "Internationalization Trends in French Higher Education: An Historical Overview." International Higher Education, no. 83 (December 2, 2015): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2015.83.9089.
Full textAbstract:
For many policy makers in France, internationalization of higher education is a new subject. But people have short memories. They have forgotten—or simply do not know—that French universities were pioneers and leaders in internationalization between the end of the 19th and the middle of the 20th century, before being outshone by the United States and some other countries in Europe. Faced with today’s challenges of globalization, it is time for French universities to reclaim their own history.
11
FISHER, CLEMENCY. "FINNEY, C. Paradise revealed: natural history in 19th-century Australia. The Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria: 1993. Pp xv, 186; illustrated. Price A$ 34.95 pbk. ISBN: 0-7306-2494-3." Archives of Natural History 21, no. 3 (October 1994): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1994.21.3.420.
Full text
12
Ageeva, Natalia N. "THE HISTORY OF FRANCE OF THE XIX CENTURY IN THE SCIENTIFIC AND PUBLICISTIC HERITAGE OF S.F. FORTUNATOV." Historical Search 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-1-39-46.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the study of the scientific and publicistic heritage of the little-studied Russian historian-novist Stepan Fedorovich Fortunatov (1850–1918). According of his political views, the historian was a consistent supporter of liberalism, which largely determined the scope of his scientific interests. History of France in the 19th century. S.F. Fortunatov considered in a special lecture course, which he read at Moscow University, at the Higher Courses for Women and at the University. A.L. Shanyavsky, and also addressed it’s in his articles and numerous reviews. The lithographed edition of his lecture course allows us to identify both the structure of the course itself and to determine the range of issues that the historian considered the most significant for the study of this period. An analysis of the lecture materials shows that, he strove to convey to his students the peculiarities of the political and legal development of France in different periods. At the same time, S.F. Fortunatov skillfully combined the eventful presentation of French history of the 19th century, so rich in political upheavals, a fairly detailed study of the development of political thought and an analysis of constitutional and legal legislation. In the lecture course, the author repeatedly turned to the analysis of the latest domestic and foreign researches on the history of France. In articles and reviews concerning the history of France in the 19th century, the historian also mainly dealt with issues related to the change of political regimes, the peculiarities of the country’s constitutional structure and the struggle for the establishment of fundamental human rights and freedoms. He repeatedly emphasized the importance of highlighting the main forms and methods of resistance to the despotism of power, undoubtedly keeping in mind the relevance of this issue for Russia. Thus, lectures and articles by S.F. Fortunatov on the history of France in the 19th century were aimed primarily at studying the struggle for the triumph of republican ideas and substantiating the inevitability of the country’s development along this path.
13
Benda, Vladimir N. "On the development of Russian artillery as a type of weapons and equipment in the late 16th century – the first quarter of the 19th century." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 28, no. 2 (May 12, 2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2022-28-2-15-22.
Full textAbstract:
Topicality of the study of the development of artillery as a special type of weapons and equipment in connection with artillery science in the past years of the Russian history is justified by the historical connection with the current state of science in general and with the development of military equipment and industry. The experience of establishing ways of developing scientific thought and solving certain tasks for the development of artillery weapons can be used to determine the directions and forecasts of further development of weapons and military organisation as a whole. The author believes that the main purpose of his work is an attempt to study some aspects of the artillery weapons development history in relation to the state of Russian industry, technology and scientific knowledge in the late 16th century – the first quarter of the 19th century. The article focuses on the fact that in the early 19th century, in the Russian artillery, a number of measures were carried out, primarily aimed at improving the material part of field artillery. It is established that comparative data of the field artillery of the Russian army with the artillery of certain European states show that the former, in the first quarter of the 19th century, had high technical and combat qualities; it was in no way inferior to the best French artillery at that time and was significantly higher than the Prussian, Austrian ones as well as ones of a number of other states. The author comes to the conclusion that the metallurgical plants of Russia, involved in manufacturing artillery weapons, had a relatively developed foundry and more advanced technical equipment than the metallurgical plants of the previous period. This in turn made it possible to provide the artillery of the Russian army with materiel and shells of higher quality.
14
Mezin, S. A. "N. A. Troitsky – man, teacher, researcher (on the anniversary of the scientist)." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 12, no. 3 (2012): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2012-12-3-120-121.
Full textAbstract:
On December 20–21, 2011, the Institute of History and International Relations of SSU hosted the All-Russian scientific conference “Russia in the 19th century: politics, society, culture”, dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the honorary worker of higher professional education of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of History of Russia Nikolai Alekseevich Troitsky (born December 19, 1931).
15
Kuhutiak, Mykola, Ihor Raikivskyi, and Oleh Yehreshii. "Halychyna. Journal of Regional Studies: Science, Culture, and Education. Twenty Years of Publishing Activity." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.4.2.134-138.
Full textAbstract:
This is a review of the twenty-year-long publishing activity of Halychyna. Journal of Regional Studies: Science, Culture and Education, one of the first Ukrainian journals for historians, philologists, art critics that appeared in the independent Ukraine. In Halychyna, there has been published the works by well-known scholars of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University and many other higher educational establishments of Ukraine. The Journal can boast an array of sections – archaeology, history, ethnology, political science, historiography, source studies, documents and materials, culturology, art criticism, historical biography studies, and others. Most of the studies published in Halychyna focus on the issues of the modern and contemporary history of Ukraine, ethnology. A special attention is given to the issues of the Ukrainian national liberation movement in the 20th century, the Ukrainian national revival in the 19th–20th century, the activity of the political parties in Galicia in the late 19th–early 20th century, source studies and historiography in Ukraine, historical regional studies, the problems of modern state formation in Ukraine, and others
16
Esteve-Coll, Elizabeth. "Image and Reality: the National Art Library." Art Libraries Journal 11, no. 2 (1986): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200004624.
Full textAbstract:
The Library of the Victoria and Albert Museum originated in the mid-19th century as the library of a School of Design, and adopted the title ‘The National Art Library’ later in the century following publication of the Universal Catalogue of Books on Art. Decades of steady growth and of low usage ended in the late 1960s, when sudden growth of art publishing, and of interest in art history, generated demands the Library was not equipped to meet. The Library possesses one of the world’s outstanding collections of art publications but is still funded, staffed, and administered as if its role was merely that of a Department of the Museum. Currently all aspects of the Library’s procedures and policies are under review; government funding is to be sought for a programme of computerisation, and it is hoped to redefine the Library’s role in national and international contexts and to re-establish it as the ‘heart and core’ of art library provision in the U.K., as an active participant in cooperative schemes and projects, and as a training centre for art librarianship, or in other words, as an active and truly national art library.
17
Maklyukov, A. V. "Features of the Modernization of the Russian Far East: Imperial and Soviet Models of Industrial Development." Modern History of Russia 12, no. 1 (2022): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2022.105.
Full textAbstract:
The study analyzes the imperial and Soviet models of industrial development of the Russian Far East at the end of the 19th century and first third of the 20th century. The relevance of the study is that understanding the historical experience of the exploration and development of the eastern territories, and determining their place and role in Russian space, ultimately determines the fate of the Russian presence on the shores of the Pacific Ocean. The development of the Far East territories since their discovery by Russians was carried out by a combination of private initiative of individuals and state support, and from the second half of the 19th century with significant state participation. At the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the 20th centuries, the imperial model of industrial development of the region formed, and the Soviet model emerged with the establishment of Soviet power and the elimination of NEP. The article concludes that the imperial and Soviet model of the industrial development of the Far East was based on a strong state influence on the region, which in general, despite its negative aspects, can be viewed positively. Here, higher rates of industrial modernization were ensured than in the west of the country, and there was no particular risk of conflict with the old, obsolete elements of the social system. Along with this, there was a large influence of centralized management and bureaucratic structures that ignored local characteristics, conditions, and interests. Historical experience has shown that significant state participation in the development of the Far East did not contribute to the efficient use of financial, material, technical, and labor resources and was associated with significant costs and losses.
18
Amirov, N. K. "Kazan State Medical University - 185 years." Kazan medical journal 80, no. 2 (March 25, 1999): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj65320.
Full textAbstract:
May 14, 1999 marks 185 years since the opening of the Medical Faculty of the Imperial Kazan University, a significant event in the history of higher medical education in our country. After the medical faculty of Moscow University (opened in 1758) and the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy (1798), this faculty became the third forge of domestic medical personnel in the 19th century in Russia.
19
Mazur, Lyudmila, and Ekaterina Karmanova. "Autonomy of Russian Universities: Historical Documentation Research of the 19th – 21st Century University Charters." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (June 2020): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.2.11.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The article compares the charters of Russian universities and brings to light the principles of universities’ operation throughout their history from the 19th to the 21st century. The article describes the model of university autonomy in Russia and its influence on the development of the academia, including contemporary universities’ ambitions in terms of global rankings. Methods and Materials. The conceptual framework is based on the methods of documentary studies applied to analyze universities’ charters and the procedures of their development and use, including the preparation of the draft version, editing and further adjustments as well as the origin and characteristics of the document, that is, whether they resulted from ‘bottom-up’ or ‘top-down’ initiatives. The documentary analysis reveals not only the functions of charters but also the degree of universities’ autonomy as defined by these documents. Analysis. In terms of their history and functions, three types of university charters can be identified: general (unified), standard and individual. In the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, individual charters were mostly based on standard provisions or charters, that is, they were ‘top-down’ initiatives. General and standard charters were devised by the related governmental agencies and, therefore, corresponded to the goals pursued by the government at that stage. Individual university charters resulting from ‘bottom-up’ initiatives were created in the transition periods of 1918–1922 and the 1990s, which were characterized by massive socioeconomic change and search for new models of higher education institutions. Results. In the history of Russian higher education, there are several periods when universities had limited autonomy: early and mid-19th century (liberal reforms); 1920s (organizational and methodological experiments); 1960s (revival of limited autonomy of universities); 1990s (self-government and academic freedoms). Liberal cycles are directly reflected in the university charters, but the analysis of the procedural aspects of their development and functioning allows to conclude that autonomy should be considered as a temporary deviation from the basic model of a state university.
20
Martarosa, Martarosa. "THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF GAMAT MUSIC AS A PROTOTYPE OF BANDAR ART IN THE WEST SUMATERA COASTAL AREA (PESISIR)." Jurnal Humaniora 28, no. 1 (June 4, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v28i1.11503.
Full textAbstract:
At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, the city of Padang has been dubbed the metropolis of the island of Sumatera. This is because the population of the Europeans who live there is relatively higher than other cities in Sumatera. An influence of this condition appears to be the phenomenon of Western-style music which was introduced to the indigenous peoples (Bandar natives). The appropriation of this musical style from various cultures such as of Portuguese (European), Malay and Minangkabau eventually became known as Gamat. Nowadays, the well-known Gamat is part of the identity of the culture, especially for Minangkabau in the West Sumatera coastal area.
21
Rudneva, Y. B. "From the History of Higher Female Education in the Russian Empire in the Second Half of 19th – the Beginning of 20th Century (in Kazan Educational District)." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 12, no. 3 (2012): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2012-12-3-99-107.
Full textAbstract:
In the article the author considers the history of higher female education coming-to-be in the Russian Empire, basing on the example of higher educational institutions, established in Saratov in 1909–1915. The professional status evolution of the women who got higher education in the second half of 19th-the beginning of 20th centuries is presented in the historic retrospect: from the first doctors of Saratov guberniya to the first scientific staff of Saratov university. The work includes a wide range of resources: legislative documents, clerical documents of the Ministry of Public Education and higher educational institutions, the resources of personal origin.
22
Fellman, Johan. "Aspects of the History of Twin Research: Statistical Congresses in the 19th Century and Hellin's Law." Twin Research and Human Genetics 21, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2017.68.
Full textAbstract:
In the 19th century, a series of international statistical congresses began that were important for population studies, including twin research. The introduction of common rules for the national demographic registers enabled scientists to contribute to the genesis of statistical research. The congress in St. Petersburg in 1872, in particular, focused on the movements of the population, and how they should be registered. Among the facts to be recorded were in multiple births, the sex and number of children born alive or still-born, whether legitimate or illegitimate, and the age of the mother at the date of the births. During the history of twin research, Hellin's law has played a central role because it is an approximately correct association between the rates of multiple maternities. It has been mathematically proven that Hellin's law does not hold as a general rule. Analyses show divergences from the law that are difficult to explain and/or eliminate. Varying improvements of this law have been proposed. The majority of all studies of Hellin's law are based on empirical rates of multiple maternities, ignoring random errors. Such studies can never confirm the law, but only identify errors with respect to Hellin's law that are too large to be characterized as random. It is of particular interest to note and explain why the rates of higher multiple maternities are sometimes too high or too low when Hellin's law is used as a benchmark. Studies have shown that there were investigators before Hellin who have contributed substantially to Hellin's law. In this article, we re-examine some old data sets and contributions in which Hellin's law has been evaluated and also analyze recent data.
23
Lozano, Rosina. "New Directions in Latino/a/x Histories of Education: Comparative Studies in Race, Language, Law, and Higher Education." History of Education Quarterly 60, no. 4 (November 2020): 612–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2020.43.
Full textAbstract:
The twenty-first century has seen a surge in scholarship on Latino educational history and a new nonbinary umbrella term, Latinx, that a younger generation prefers. Many of historian Victoria-María MacDonald's astute observations in 2001 presaged the growth of the field. Focus has increased on Spanish-surnamed teachers and discussions have grown about the Latino experience in higher education, especially around student activism on campus. Great strides are being made in studying the history of Spanish-speaking regions with long ties to the United States, either as colonies or as sites of large-scale immigration, including Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines. Historical inquiry into the place of Latinos in the US educational system has also developed in ways that MacDonald did not anticipate. The growth of the comparative race and ethnicity field in and of itself has encouraged cross-ethnic and cross-racial studies, which often also tie together larger themes of colonialism, language instruction, legal cases, and civil rights or activism.
24
Fields, Marjory Diana. "Women in American Labour Movement." International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 3, no. 2 (July 2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.2019070104.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, the author examines the history of exclusion and sex-based discrimination against U.S. women workers seeking to join unions established by men. The author describes how groups of women and girls working in fabric mills in the 19th Century took strike action against work speed up and increased production requirements, making demands for higher wages, equal pay with men, improved working conditions, clean water, health care and time off. Then, in the early 20th century, women teachers formed their own unions to gain increased pay and pension plans, and for social justice. These unions continue to the present seeking also social justice and exercising political power.
25
Banionis, Juozas. "Academician Jonas Kubilius: works dedicated to the history of Lithuanian mathematics." Lietuvos matematikos rinkinys 62 (December 20, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lmr.2021.25220.
Full textAbstract:
The rise of the Lithuanian mathematical school in the second half of the 20th century is associated with the development of probability theory and its application, and the foundations of that school were insightfully laid by the famous Lithuanian mathematician Jonas Kubilius. However, the academician also had a second vocation – the history of mathematics. At the end of the 20th century, he purposefully researched the mathematical legacy of the poet, bishop A. Baranauskas, recognizing him as the first Lithuanian mathematician researcher of the second half of the 19th century.
At the beginning of the 21st century, J. Kubilius undertook a detailed implementation of the idea of a work in the history of Lithuanian mathematics. For this purpose, an informal group of specialists was convened, the content of the work was planned, and the research-based book series ``From the History of Lithuanian Mathematics'' was published. The fourth book in this series, Mathematics in Lithuanian Higher Education Institutions in 1921–1944, presents the research of an academic who reveals the situation of mathematics in universities in Kaunas and Vilnius.
In addition, the memoirs of mathematics history by J. Kubilius, dedicated to mathematicians Z. Žemaitis, G. Žilinskas and V. Statulevičius, should be mentioned.
The article, at the end of which fragments of the author's memories are presented, is dedicated to the centenary of the birth of Academician J. Kubilius.
26
Bremner, G. Alex, and David P. Y. Lung. "Spaces of Exclusion: The Significance of Cultural Identity in the Formation of European Residential Districts in British Hong Kong, 1877–1904." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 21, no. 2 (April 2003): 223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d310.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper we discuss the role and significance of European cultural identity in the formation of the urban environment in 19th-century and early-20th-century British Hong Kong. Our purpose is to offer an alternative reading of the social history of Hong Kong-the orthodox accounts of which remain largely predominant in the general historical understanding of that society-by examining the machinations that surrounded attempts by the European colonial elite to control the production of urban form and space in the capital city of Hong Kong, Victoria. Here the European Residential District ordinance of 1888 (along with other related ordinances) is considered in detail. An examination of European cultural self-perception and the construction of colonial identity is made by considering not only the actual ways in which urban form and space were manipulated through these ordinances but also the visual representation of the city in art. Here the intersection between ideas and images concerning civil society, cultural identity, architecture, and the official practices of colonial urban planning is demonstrated. It is argued that this coalescing of ideas, images, and practices in the colonial environment of British Hong Kong not only led to the racialisation of urban form and space there but also contributed to the apparent anxiety exhibited by the European population over the preservation of their own identity through the immediacy of the built environment.
27
Ierusalimskaya, Svetlana Yu. "Sources on the Activities of the Yaroslavl Demidov Higher Educational Institution in the 19th – Early 20th Century." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2020): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-1-145-155.
Full textAbstract:
The article strives to assess main groups of sources on the functioning of the Yaroslavl Demidov higher educational institution in the 19th – early 20th century. Drawing on archival material that is being thus introduced into scientific use, the article establishes that, as it changed its organizational form, the Demidov educational institution went through the following stages in its development: the Yaroslavl Demidov School of Higher Sciences (1803–1834); the Yaroslavl Demidov Lyceum (1834–1868); the Demidov Juridical Lyceum (1868–1918). Sources on the topic are divided into five groups. Some are published, other materials from the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, the Russian State Historical Archive, and the State Archive of the Yaroslavl Region are being introduced into scientific use for the first time. Legislative sources support a detailed study of the complex of key aspects of the higher education in the 19th – early 21st century. Their systematic analysis allows the author to determine the main development vector of the Demidov higher educational institution in the studied period and the legal frameworks of the Demidov Lyceum. The article shows the importance of paperwork and statistical sources for recreating its daily educational and extracurricular activities. Various reports provide data on the work of the Demidov higher educational institution over decades and summarized information on its student and teaching corps. In socio-economic terms, the analyzed facts indicate some staff turnover among teachers, intensification of the student movement in 1905–1907, all the while the school material base remained stable. The periodical press, memoirs, diaries, and travel notes contain unique information on the evolution of higher education in Yaroslavl and on the arrangements of student life. The corpus of historical sources permits to identify and detail main stages in the history of the Yaroslavl Demidov higher educational institution.
28
Demezhko, D. Yu, and I. V. Golovanova. "Climatic changes in the Urals over the past millennium – an analysis of geothermal and meteorological data." Climate of the Past 3, no. 2 (May 22, 2007): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-237-2007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. This investigation is based on a study of two paleoclimatic curves obtained in the Urals (51–59° N, 58–61° E): i) a ground surface temperature history (GSTH) reconstruction since 800 A.D. and ii) meteorological data for the last 170 years. Temperature anomalies measured in 49 boreholes were used for the GSTH reconstruction. It is shown that a traditional averaging of the histories leads to the lowest estimates of amplitude of past temperature fluctuations. The interval estimates method, accounting separately for the rock's thermal diffusivity variations and the influence of a number of non-climatic causes, was used to obtain the average GSTH. Joint analysis of GSTH and meteorological data bring us to the following conclusions. First, ground surface temperatures in the Medieval maximum during 1100–1200 were 0.4 K higher than the 20th century mean temperature (1900–1960). The Little Ice Age cooling was culminated in 1720 when surface mean temperature was 1.6 K below the 20th century mean temperature. Secondly, contemporary warming began approximately one century prior to the first instrumental measurements in the Urals. The rate of warming was +0.25 K/100 years in the 18th century, +1.15 K/100 years in the 19th and +0.75 K/100 years in the first 80 years of the 20th century. Finally, the mean rate of warming increased in the final decades of 20th century. An analysis of linear regression coefficients in running intervals of 21 and 31 years, shows that there were periods of warming with almost the same rates in the past, including the 19th century.
29
Korolija-Crkvenjakov, Daniela, Snežana Mijić, and Željko Mandić. "Portraits on canvas from photos as a 19th-century portrait making technique." Zbornik Akademije umetnosti, no. 10 (2022): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zbaku2210115k.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between painting and photography has been dynamic since its invention in 1839. Seeking its place among the arts, photography was a useful tool for many. In this way portraits were made, which before the invention of photography were the privilege of higher social strata, and their production required spending long hours in a painting studio. With the advent of photography, portraits of individuals and entire families have become much more accessible to ordinary people, and the new technique has gained immense popularity. The possibility of getting portraits from photos as a status symbol was very tempting. In order to respond to such requests from clients, photographic studios teamed up with painters to create oil portraits painted from photography made on canvas. Such portraits became a substitute for classic painted portraits, but they were created faster and were less expensive. Often portraying important historical figures, they have found their place in museum collections. In addition to documentary value, they are also important for the history of art techniques, due to the specific way of production. Despite their popularity at the time of their creation, modern analyses of oil painted portraits made from photography on canvas are rare, and have been published mostly in conservation journals. After the introduction to the techniques and materials described in the literature, the paper presents two oil portraits from a photography made on canvas: a portrait of Isaija Oluić, abbot of the Krupa Monastery, from the fund of the Dalmatian Diocese of the Serbian Orthodox Church, made by Vlaho Bukovac, and a portrait of Nika Mihajlović, prominent Sombor lawyer and philanthropist, from the fund of the City Museum in Sombor, painted by Uroš Predić. The analytical approach to the identification of oil painting techniques from photography (optical analysis and the analysis of materials) was pointed out, as well as the fact that they are sensitive objects in museum collections, the protection of which should be given due attention.
30
Demezhko, D. Yu, and I. V. Golovanova. "Climatic changes in the Urals over the past millennium. An analysis of geothermal and meteorological data." Climate of the Past Discussions 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2007): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-3-1-2007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. This investigation is based on a study of two paleoclimatic curves obtained in the Urals (51–59° N, 58–61° E): i) a ground surface temperature history (GSTH) reconstruction since 800 AD and ii) meteorological data for the last 170 years. Temperature anomalies measured in 49 boreholes were used for the GSTH reconstruction. It is shown that a traditional averaging of the histories leads to the lowest estimates of amplitude of past temperature fluctuations. The interval estimates method, accounting separately for the rock's thermal diffusivity variations and the influence of a number of non-climatic causes, was used for obtaining the average GSTH. Joint analysis of GSTH and meteorological data bring us to the following conclusions. First, ground surface temperatures in the Medieval maximum during 1100–1200 was 0.38 K higher than the 20th century mean temperature (1900–1960). The Little Ice Age cooling was culminated in 1720 when surface mean temperature was 1.58 K below than the 20th century mean temperature. Secondly, contemporary warming began approximately one century prior to the first instrumental measurements in the Urals. The rate of warming was +0.25K/100years in the 18th century, +1.15 K/100years in the 19th and +0.75 K/100years in the first 80 years of the 20th. Finally, the mean rate of temperature warming increased in final decades of 20th century. An analysis of linear regression coefficients in running intervals of 11, 21 and 31 years, shows that there were periods of warming with almost the same rates in the past, including the 19th century.
31
Hesse, Jan-Otmar. "Der Wirtschaftshistorische Ausschuss des Vereins für Socialpolitik." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 61, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2020-0001.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Economic History Committee of the Verein für Socialpolitik was founded 70 years ago as the first interest group for economic and social history in Germany. As did its five counterparts of other subfields in economics, the committee aimed at intensifying academic exchange in this field. Furthermore, it served as a lobby organisation for the discipline in the fast changing politics of higher education in Germany. It therefore can be considered as an important step in the discipline’s professionalization. The article gives a brief overview of the development of economic history in Germany starting with the Historical School at the end of the 19th century. The second part is dedicated to the institutional and academic history of the committee using archival documentation.
32
Кресин, Алексей, and Aleksey Kresin. "GENESIS OF COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE AS EDUCATIONAL DISCIPLINE AT GERMAN UNIVERSITIES IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY." Comparative Research In Law and Politics 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2013): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1001.
Full textAbstract:
The transformation of higher legal education in the German
states in 1810–1820s has been investigated on the basis of the
new scholarly materials, entered into the scientific use. The author
comes to the conclusion about the interrelation between of pozitivist
and komparativist aspects. At the heart of a complex of disciplines
devoted to comparative legal knowledge of foreign law, was the idea
of comparative law as a relatively independent legal science. Also,
there is the relation of this discipline with the comparative history
of the law.
33
Kaur, Mukhwinder. "Employment of Women in Indian and Hungarian Armed Forces : A Comparative Study." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 15, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2016.2.6.
Full textAbstract:
The establishment of armed forces has roots deep in history, times when the proportion in men in arms of any country was higher than that of women. Nowadays in most countries women have equal rights to participate in almost all the working sectors of any nation. However, the participation of women in the Indian Army was initiated in 1992 whereas it was founded in 1895. In the 19th century women got their place in defense forces with a limited quota to serve. This paper will deal with female recruitment issues in the armed forces of India and Hungary.
34
Gielata, Ireneusz. "„Człowiek był krwawym bydlęciem od przyjścia na świat” – o nowoczesnej rasie „ludzkich bydląt”." Przegląd Humanistyczny 62, no. 3 (462) (December 3, 2018): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7663.
Full textAbstract:
The article, referring to the texts about crowd by Le Bon and Maria Konopnicka, presents the history of the modern subject who discovers wildness surrounding him. Recognizing wildness, the authors of the end of the 19th century reached for evolutionary logic, to be precise to the parameter of biological races treating the phenomenon of “crowd” as a sign of wildness. According to this logic, crowd became a kind of “desocialized horde” (Konopnicka), social “heap”, which was subject to temporary “regress”. Modern mind was then defined by street crowd through the discourse of natural sciences falling into an impassable aporia: lower – higher.
35
Linczenbold, Levente. "A jogi oktatás kezdetei Egerben: a Foglarianum." Studia Theologica Transsylvaniensia 23, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52258/stthtr.2020.1.04.
Full textAbstract:
Anyone who examines the history of the city of Eger will inevitably meet the so-called “university idea” which caught fire in the 18th century but only became a reality in the 21st century. Eger not only plays an important role in the political history of the country, but also represents lasting values in its cultural history. One of this, doomed by the past, is its activity on law education which flourished between the 18th and 20th century, however, due to social and political changes, it suffered decline and eventually ceased to exist. The modernization aspirations of the Habsburg Empire, the tensions between national and imperial intentions, the social and political crises, the turning points towards the end of the 19th century, made possible a form of training that, despite political debates, supplied the legal and administrative task required by the state of that era to function. In this study, we explore the essential elements of 209 years, especially the early times, and place them in the historical process. The particular motive of the topic selection was the fact that the intention of the founder has been finally realized: Eger’s institution of higher education became a university and will hopefully receive the Catholic denotation one day.
36
Bandoriūtė, Salomėja. "The Traditional Anecdote: What Did Lithuanians Find Funny in the End of the 19th–the Middle of the 20th Century?" Tautosakos darbai 49 (May 22, 2015): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/td.2015.29008.
Full textAbstract:
The author of the article discusses the main themes of humor prevailing in the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, and targets of mockery in the anecdotes. Seeking to answer the question, what Lithuanians during this period found funny, it was noted that humor reflects the relevant social issues and is usually based on certain stereotypic assumptions directed at some social groups. In the anecdotes, mockery is most frequently directed at three social groups: women, foreigners, and persons of higher social rank. So it can be assumed that humor is born whenever the opposition between us and them can be discerned. The analysis also proves that joking on obscene topics is rather common; this is based on the possibility provided by the occasion of the humor-making to express one’s inappropriate opinions on the tabooed topics, thus in a way breaking free from the socially established norms. The article yields rather ambivalent conclusions: it would hardly be right to assume that Lithuanians in the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century were all thinking stereotypically, and were foul-mouthed nationalists, atheists, and antifeminists; yet one can rightfully maintain that humor was, is and will always be a form of mockery directed at certain people and social groups.
37
Obu, Raphael Nyarkotey, and Lawrencia Aggrey Bluwey. "A chronological account of the history & progress of naturopathy in Ghana." IP Journal of Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Science 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijnmhs.2022.021.
Full textAbstract:
Naturopathy is the general practice of Natural remedies. Others have also opined that Naturopathy is the way of life. Additionally, any natural modality that is effective and has scientific support is considered Naturopathy in the modern dispensation. The naturopathic movement started in the 19th century by the hydrotherapy and nature cure proponents in Austria and Germany and professionalized in North America. Africa, Naturopathy is well appreciated in South Africa and is a highly regulated Profession. In Ghana, we found that the Naturopathy movement started in the 1960s. It has however gained momentum in the current dispensation with the development of Ghana’s first National Occupational Standards in Naturopathy at the Higher National Diploma and Bachelors level awaiting accreditation. Research and standardization have also intensified due to the work of Ghana’s first Naturopathic Medical School; Nyarkotey University College of Holistic Medicine & Technology (NUCHMT). We provide commentary on the Naturopathy journey in Ghana in this article.
38
Tuksar, Stanislav. "The evolution of the idea of ‘National’ as a multi-level construct within 19th-century Croatian musical culture." Studia Musicologica 52, no. 1-4 (March 1, 2011): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/smus.52.2011.1-4.13.
Full textAbstract:
The idea of ‘national’ in Croatian 19th-century music shows evolutionary tendencies, which can be articulated in four phases. It started in the period 1800–1830 as a construct leading towards higher general musical standards, displaying universality above particularity as its ideal. It continued in the period 1830–1850 with pragmatic treatment of music as incidental to poetry, supporting non-musical, mostly political issues, where universality equaled particularity. It achieved in the period 1850–1870 the status of a substantial part in the scholarly re-construction of national history, still equaling universality with particularity. Finally, as a concept of ethnic or national art music, it reached in the period 1870–1916 a status of general interest in national cultural life and education, displaying particularity above universality.
39
Vashchuk, Angelina. "Culture, Education and Science of the Far Eastern Region." ISTORIYA, E21 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017869-4.
Full textAbstract:
The authors characterize the state, structure and dynamics of changes in the system of primary, secondary and higher education in the Far East from the appearance of the first schools to the end of the 1990s. It is noted that the Far Eastern education system, which developed in the context of all-Russian tendencies, had its own characteristics associated not only with the nature and rate of settlement of the region, its geopolitical status, but also with the specifics of economic development. The main historical stages of the development of science in the Far East, from the emergence of the first scientific institutions at the end of the 19th century to the present day are highlighted, the names of outstanding scientists, organizers of science are named, achievements in various fields of knowledge are shown, taking into account the specifics of the tasks in the development of fundamental and applied research. The main development directions of the artistic culture of the region from the second half of the 19th to the beginning of the 21st centuries, the most important events of artistic life are outlined, prominent cultural figures of the Far East are presented.
40
van der Wateren, Jan. "National Library Provision for Art in the United Kingdom: The Role of the National Art Library." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 6, no. 3 (December 1994): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909400600303.
Full textAbstract:
From its beginnings in 1836 as the library of the Government School of Design, the National Art Library (NAL) in the UK was intended to have an impact on design in the country. After the Great Exhibition of 1851 it former part of what was to become known as the Victoria and Albert Museum (V & A). By the 1850s it had already adopted the title of National Art Library, although it was called the V & A Museum Library between 1908 and 1985. By 1853 collections aimed to cover the arts and trades comprehensively, and by 1869 the NAL aimed also at comprehensive access to individual objects created in the course of history. By 1852, the library was open to all, although a charge was made at first. Various forms of subject indexing have been used; from 1877 to 1895 subject lists were prepared for internal use and sold to the public, and from 1869 to 1889 a remarkable Universal catalogue of books on art was produced. The present mission statement of the NAL focuses on collecting, documenting and making available information on the history and practice of art, craft and design, and the library aims its services at both the national and international community. However, its great 19th century contribution to published subject control of art materials has been almost completely absent in the 20th century. During 1994 the NAL will contribute records to the British Library (BL) Conspectus database, though there is little formal cooperation between the two libraries. As a specialist library it can organize its collections and index them in ways that are impossible for a comprehensive library such as the BL, and it therefore has an important part to play in the national library scene.
41
Ananiev, V. G., and M. D. Bukharin. "RUSSIAN ORIENTAL STUDIES IN THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN SERGEI OLDENBURG AND VASILY BARTHOLD." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 1(52) (2021): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-1-104-112.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most important sources on the history of Russian academic historical science in general and on the history of Russian Oriental studies in particular is the correspondence between the largest researchers of the history of the Near and Middle East, Academician Vasily Bartold and the permanent secretary of the IAS (RAS/AS of the USSR) in 1904–1929 Academician Sergei Oldenburg. The correspondence is kept in the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The documents themselves have not yet been published, and their commented introduction into scientific circulation is only expected. The documents contain detailed information on the development and implementation (both successful and unsuccessful) of research plans of these two major Russian scholars on various turns of Russian history in the late 19th – first third of the 20th century in general and Russian humanities in particular, as well as numerous details of their personal relations and relations with colleagues for more than 30 years. The letters indicate the position of Bartold and Oldenburg not only on the most important academic issues related to European Oriental studies, but also on issues of social and political importance for the fate of Russia. An important aspect of the activities of Bartold and Oldenburg was the work to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of Russia, as well as to support public education and higher education. The correspondence between Bartold and Oldenburg is the most important source for reconstructing the scientific biographies of both scholars, as well as for reconstructing the history of Russian (Soviet) science and culture of the late 19th – first third of the 20th century. A brief overview of archival documents predates the publication of all correspondence between Bartold and Oldenburg.
42
Glavatskaya, Elena, Julia Borovik, and Gunnar Thorvaldsen. "The Ural Population Project. Demography and Culture From Microdata in a European-Asian Border Region." Historical Life Course Studies 12 (July 7, 2022): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs12320.
Full textAbstract:
The Ural Population Project (URAPP) is built from individual level data transcriptions of 19th- to early 20th-century parish records and mid-19th-century census-like tax revisions manuscripts. This article discusses the source material, the contents, the history of creation and the strategy of the URAPP database and the outcome of the main research topics so far, including historical demography, Jewish studies, indigenous studies and studies of religious minorities in the Urals and Siberia. Our studies of the ethno-religious cultural landscape of the Urals and northwestern Siberia as well as participation in population history projects was more vital backgrounds than the traditional focus on aggregates. The over 65,000 vital events transcribed from parish records of Russian Orthodox Churches and minority religions in and around Ekaterinburg have been the basis for studies of mortality, nuptiality, religion and other characteristics. We found that the Jewish population kept their traditions and connections with relatives in the Pale of Settlement. Prisoners of WWI usually marrying within their own religious group. Infant mortality in Ekaterinburg was lower among Jews and the Catholics, minorities with higher education and western background, while the Orthodox majority exposed their newborn to extremely tough baptism. The burial records show cases of the Spanish flu in 1918–1919, but on a lower level than in the West, supporting recent theories that estimates of flu mortality may be too high. Based on the tax revisions, polygyny was officially recognized among the indigenous Siberian people. The strategy of the URAPP project has evolved from transcribing microdata about minorities towards covering the whole population.
43
Massa, Mark S. "“Mediating Modernism”: Charles Briggs, Catholic Modernism, and an Ecumenical “Plot”." Harvard Theological Review 81, no. 4 (October 1988): 413–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001781600001018x.
Full textAbstract:
Historians of religion in America, as enamored of marking “watersheds” in our culture as other scholars, have long used the famous “Briggs Case” as an event for marking that cultural moment when American mainline Protestants, mostly kicking and screaming, began to confront officially the higher criticism of the Bible. Charles Augustus Briggs, as students of Gilded Age religion know well, was a professor of scripture at New York's Union Theological Seminary who, between 1891 and 1893, underwent a peripatetic heresy trial in various Presbyterian church courts—“the most notorious event in 19th century American church history,” as one of its chroniclers has described it—for advocating the application of modern historical-critical methods to the biblical record.
44
Fando, Roman A. "A. L. Shanyavskii University in the Epicenter of the Revolutionary Movement of Late 19th – Early 20th Century." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2018): 1092–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-4-1092-1102.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the history of revolutionary unrest among students at the turn of the 20th century. Activities of informal student associations that conducted a broad agitation campaign within the walls of the A. L. Shanyavskii University in the early 20th century serve as an example. Unlike many other higher educational institutions, the Moscow City People's University became a hotbed of revolutionary outbreaks, fueled both by teachers and students of the university. University professors N. N. Polyansky, M. D. Zagryatskov, V. V. Krasnokutsky, A. V. Gorbunov, P. P. Gensen, P. N. Sakulin, A. A. Kizevetter called for democratic reforms in their lectures and criticized the foundations of the monarchy. Among other politicized communities of the University, the Latvian Social-Democratic group, which included M. I. Latsis and I. V. Tsivtsivadze, was especially prominent. Many students united around Social Democrat Ts. Zelikson-Bobrovskaya and Bolshevik A. A. Znamensky. The students of Shanyavskii University equipped a printing house and printed leaflets of revolutionary content. On the account of frequent cases of political agitation in the student environment, university lectures were attended by the police. Nevertheless, despite the police surveillance, the atmosphere at the university was quite liberal, and the revolutionary-minded associations continued to thrive there. The revolutionary events that were prepared with such energy (among others) by students of the A. L. Shanyavskii University and liberal-minded part of their professors, eventually led to greater collapse of the ideals of accessible higher education that A.L. Shanyavskii preached. The Bolsheviks, having received the reins of government in 1917, could not establish a working system of administration or even approximate the however well established pre-revolutionary order, and thereupon in 1920 the University of A.L. Shanyavskii ceased to exist. Several documents found in the State Archive of the Russian Federation allow to recreate the historical picture of the revolutionary movement within the walls of the Moscow City People's University.
45
De Smedt, Bert, and Frank Pattyn. "Numerical modelling of historical front variations and dynamic response of Sofiyskiy glacier, Altai mountains, Russia." Annals of Glaciology 37 (2003): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756403781815654.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe recent fluctuation of the central Asian climate, and its effect on the region’s glaciers, is poorly known, largely because of a lack of knowledge of the dynamic behaviour of so-called summer-accumulation-type glaciers. In this study, a one-dimensional numerical glacier model is used to simulate the dynamic response of Sofiyskiy glacier, Altai mountains, Russia, to climate forcing. A successful simulation of the observed historical front variations was accomplished by dynamic calibration. This resulted in a reconstruction of the recent mass-balance history of the glacier, showing a distinct decline in surface mass balance in the second half of the 19th century, a slightly higher mass balance at the beginning of the 20th century, followed by a steady decline towards present conditions. The future response of Sofiyskiy glacier was projected for six 21st-century climate scenarios. Under a “no-change” scenario, the glacier will retreat > 2 km by 2100. If air temperature gradually rises by > 5°C during this century, the glacier will vanish around 2100. Basic response characteristics of Sofiyskiy glacier were determined. These indicate rather low mass-balance sensitivity to temperature change, but a strong front reaction due to geometric conditions.
46
Ivánek, Jakub, and Monika Szturcová. "The Promotion of Pilgrimage Sites in Moravia through Broadside Ballads in the First Half of the 19th century." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 63, no. 3-4 (2019): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amnpsc-2018-0024.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with broadside ballads with themes related to pilgrimage, which were used by Moravian pilgrims from the 1790s, but mainly in the first half of the 19th century. The period under study thus begins after the death of the Enlightenment ruler Joseph II, who introduced a number of restrictive measures into the pilgrimage system, which altered the pilgrimage practice. The quantity of pilgrimage songs then published as broadside ballads proves the unceasing interest of especially commoners in pilgrimages and the culture associated with them. The songs themselves, however, occasionally mirror the new situation. The first case is represented by songs about the pilgrimage sites abolished by the reforms of Joseph II and later (mostly from the second quarter of the 19th century) renewed (an analysis on the examples of Bludov and Hostýn). The second case includes newly established pilgrimage sites, which sometimes claim allegedly ancient history but are often only local replacements for more remote pilgrimage sites (an analysis on the examples of Jalubí and Lutršték near Němčany). The main role in the restoration and establishment of pilgrimage sites at that time was played by commoners, often peasants, who, after the Enlightenment reforms, assumed the role previously reserved for higher-ranking people (the nobility, clergy and burghers). Likewise the literature promoting the new or restored sites comes from these circles, which is reflected in a certain primitiveness of expression, yet interspersed with remnants of Baroque stereotypes.
47
Lee, Ok-Jin. "The Process of Internationalisation of Polish Higher Education in Transition." Korea Association of World History and Culture 63 (June 30, 2022): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2022.06.63.29.
Full textAbstract:
Jagiellonian University, the oldest university in Poland, was established in 1364, there were only seven universities until the 19th century. Even 21 universities were founded in the interwar years. Ups and downs of educational functions in Polish universities were due to Partitions of Poland, twice of World Wars and the socialist government.
Since the transition in 1989, Poland has experienced political and economic transformation. These transformations also took place in higher education and allowed Polish universities to ensure autonomy from political control. The internationalisation of higher education is one of the pivots of the changes that Polish universities had undergone over the past 30 years. As a result, many changes have occurred in the educational environment, research, and university administration. During the transition period of the 1990s, the internationalisation process was insignificant. Since the 20th century, Polish universities and academics have been gradually opened to the Western world. Also, Poland has experienced the process of internationalisation through the ERASMUS/SOCRATES Programme. On the other hand, Polish universities have to actively attract international students due to the decline of domestic students. The Polish government and universities continued their efforts to reform the system. In addition, the emergence of the World Academic Ranking of Universities (ARWU) and the influence and support from the European Commission, the OECD, and the World Bank have impacted on internationalisation of higher education and education reform in Poland. Through this process, higher education in Poland was able to enter the transnational education and research system, the European order.
48
Chmil, L. V., and L. F. Shepel. "NEW FACTS ABOUT UNKNOWN FAIENCE FACTORIES INSIDE THE RIGHT BANK POLISSIAN AREA: THE FRAGMENTS OF O. OHLOBLIN’S WORK «THE INDUSTRY OF THE RIGHT BANK POLISSIAN AREA IN THE PAST AND MODERNITY (the science report of the expedition of 1932)»." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 29, no. 4 (December 22, 2018): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.04.23.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with brief information about expedition of 1932 that investigated Kyiv and Zhytomyr Polissian industry of the past and modern times. The expedition led by O. Ohloblin comprised the Taras Shevchenko All-Ukrainian Historical museum representatives. There is a short characteristic of the expedition report in the paper. The document is kept in the archives of the Institute of History of Ukraine and the Institute of Archaeology of Ukraine, as well as in the Central State Archive of the Higher Governing Bodies of Ukraine. Fragments of the report concerning two unknown faience factories of the early 19th century in the villages Zaruddia and Piniazevychi in the Irsha river downstream area are presented. One of them belonged to Branitskys.
49
Stelmakh, Serhii Petrovych. "The role of the social context in the history of historiography (on the example of formation German historical science of the 19th century)." Dnipropetrovsk University Bulletin. History & Archaeology series 25, no. 1 (November 7, 2017): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/261718.
Full textAbstract:
The external contexts related to historical science are considered: political, social, general cultural, educational, ideological, which had a significant influence on the formation of German historiography in the nineteenth century. Particular attention is paid to the role of state support in the development of historical higher education and science. It is emphasized that the historical science in Germany was of a clearly pronounced national character and became an important factor in the consolidation of the German nation. It is emphasized that the «historicism», which was based on idealistic German philosophy, was the theoretical and methodological basis for the development of German historical science. Historical research and study of history in educational institutions have become important components in the formation of German burghers, who served the German state and worked for the common good.
50
Störmer, Charlotte, Corry Gellatly, Anita Boele, and Tine De Moor. "Long-Term Trends in Marriage Timing and the Impact of Migration, the Netherlands (1650-1899)." Historical Life Course Studies 6 (December 21, 2017): 40–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9327.
Full textAbstract:
The features of historical marriage patterns have been linked to debates in social and economic history about economic growth and female agency. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the demographics of marriage prior to the nineteenth century. Here, we study trends in sex-specific ages at first marriage, regional variation and the impact of migration on marital timing in the Netherlands in the period 1650-1900. We make use of two new large historical datasets, namely an aggregation of Dutch genealogies and the transcribed marriage banns of Amsterdam. This allows us to understand the features and developments of marriage ages from a long-term perspective in what is known as one of the core-areas of the so-called European Marriage Pattern. Our results show high marriage ages for both sexes from the beginning of our study period, increasing until the mid-19th century. A closer look at regional variation reveals clear differences between the provinces and between urban and rural settings with those in the western part of the country and in urban centers marrying earlier. Migrating individuals married on average later than non-migrating individuals both compared to men and women in the receiving community, as to the ‘stayers’ in the location of origin. As later marriage implies a reduction of the window of fertility, especially for women, our results suggest that migration and increasing regional mobility might have been an important driver of the demographic shift toward higher marriage ages and lower fertility in Europe between the 17th and 19th centuries.