Academic literature on the topic 'Higher Victoria History 19th century'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Higher Victoria History 19th century.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Higher Victoria History 19th century"
1
Jarrett, Simon. "Consciousness reduced: The role of the ‘idiot’ in early evolutionary psychology." History of the Human Sciences 33, no. 5 (July 7, 2020): 110–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695120911557.
Full textAbstract:
A conception of the idiotic mind was used to substantiate late 19th-century theories of mental evolution. A new school of animal/comparative psychologists attempted from the 1870s to demonstrate that evolution was a mental as well as a physical process. This intellectual enterprise necessitated the closure, or narrowing, of the ‘consciousness gap’ between human and animal species. A concept of a quasi-non-conscious human mind, set against conscious intention and ability in higher animals, provided an explanatory framework for the human–animal continuum and the evolution of consciousness. The article addresses a significant lacuna in the historiographies of intellectual disability, animal science, and evolutionary psychology, where the application of a conception of human idiocy to advance theories of consciousness evolution has not hitherto been explored. These ideas retain contemporary resonance in ethology and cognitive psychology, and in the theory of ‘speciesism’, outlined by Peter Singer in Animal Liberation (1975), which claims that equal consideration of interests is not arbitrarily restricted to members of the human species, and advocates euthanasia of intellectually disabled human infants. Speciesism remains at the core of animal rights activism today. The article also explores the influence of the idea of the semi-evolved idiot mind in late-Victorian anthropology and neuroscience. These ideas operated in a separate intellectual sphere to eugenic thought. They were (and remain) deeply influential, and were at the heart of the idea of the moral idiot or imbecile, targeted in the 1913 Mental Deficiency Act, as well as in 20th-century animal and human consciousness theory.
2
Zillman, John. "Von Neumayer’s place in history a century on: closing remarks at the anniversary symposium." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 123, no. 1 (2011): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs11123.
Full textAbstract:
The Georg von Neumayer Anniversary Symposium held at the Royal Society of Victoria Hall in Melbourne on 27–30 May 2009 brought together a wide range of perspectives on the life, times and scientific achievements of one of the most remarkable figures of 19th Century Australian, German and polar science.
3
Branagan, D. "Alfred Selwyn - 19th Century Trans-Atlantic Connections Via Australia." Earth Sciences History 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.9.2.p1x636x7w8r1v2qp.
Full textAbstract:
The contributions of A.R.C. Selwyn to geological science were considerable, and possibly unique in the 19th century, as they spanned three continents in a career lasting more than 50 years. In particular Selwyn is rightly regarded as establishing geology as a profession in Australia, both by his own high quality mapping, and by the training of a number of talented young men in his Geological Survey of Victoria (1852-1868). In Canada he pursued the same high standards when appointed as Director of the Geological Survey at a time when the Dominion had just become greatly enlarged. A strong supporter of his staff, Selwyn engaged in a controversy with U.S. geologists about Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic stratigraphy, maintaining that Canadian field evidence provided the key which negated the U.S. stand. Selwyn maintained links with the colleagues of his early years in the British Geological Survey (1845-1852) during his long career, keeping in touch with new ideas in Europe and informing his friends about the results of Australian and Canadian geological research.
4
Lilly, Iwona. "Dear Mother Victoria." Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, no. 32 (March 15, 2021): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2021.32.11.
Full textAbstract:
Motherhood is by many, especially women, one of the greatest experiences in life. The ultimate goal that women, if not all than many, should achieve. Nowadays, we are flooded with help books, websites, guides that lead us through pregnancy and then assist us during the first months of our new born baby. This blessed state seems to be cherished now above all, however, this view was not always the same. Throughout history we can see many women for whom maternity was not meant to be and still they were able to fulfil their life-time goals devoting themselves to other areas of life. For some, maternity was rather a political aspect that would secure the future of the nation. In my article I will focus on the aspect of motherhood through the eyes of Queen Victoria for whom, indeed, maternity was rather an unwelcomed addition to her royal life. I will discuss her own rigid upbringing which can help to understand her later attitude towards her own children. The trend, where there were no proper roles ascribed to parents in terms of their influence on their children, was predominant in the 19th century and based on this we can see how important it was for character creation
5
Willis, Frances. "Innovative cover design: an exploration of 19th- and early 20th-century publishers’ cloth bindings designs." Art Libraries Journal 38, no. 1 (2013): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200017818.
Full textAbstract:
The Victoria and Albert Museum’s Renier Collection of Children’s Books provides a rich resource for research into book production as well as social history. Publishers’ cloth bindings have developed in a visually vibrant way that provides clues to the production dates of the books, as well as encouraging reflections on how they were marketed across the Victorian era and early 20th century. Questions also arise, such as, what was the relationship between the reader and cover? How did the cover designs reflect the times in which they were created? And, how different are our paperback era designs to those of the period when cloth was used?
6
Tahir, Azian, Arba’iyah Mohd Noor, Mohd Firdaus Abdullah, and Suffian Mansor. "An Analysis of Reports by The Illustrated London News (ILN) and The Graphic against Social Activities in Malaya in the 19th Century." Wacana Seni Journal of Arts Discourse 20 (December 27, 2021): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/ws2021.20.5.
Full textAbstract:
Unlike in the West, the emergence of visual printing and printing press in Malaya was comparatively lagged behind. Publication and printing reached the Malayan shore through the Straits Settlements after the first publication was brought in and introduced by A. B. Bone in 1806. Since then, various visual reports regarding Malaya made their way into the well-known newspapers in Britain, The Illustrated London News (ILN) and The Graphic. Social activities in Malaya became part of the main visual report in these newspapers. Nonetheless, it was found that these newspapers were not objective in reporting the news on social activities in Malaya. In lieu of this, the current research attempted to find out the extent of the action of ILN and The Graphic in manipulating visual news report about the social activities in Malaya in the 19th century. In addition, this research also aimed to find out how far the ideas and thoughts of both newspapers in describing the news reports related to social activities in Malaya in the 19th century. This research focuses on the 19th century, within the specified period, of which the two respective presses released many visual news reports regarding social activities in Malaya. The qualitative method and visual approach were chosen as the research itself was conducted in London, especially at the National Art Library, situated in the Victoria and Albert Museum. In Malaysia, materials and resources were obtained from the Malaysian National Archive, National Museum, National Library, and libraries at higher learning institutions.
7
Rivera Gómez, Elva. "Knowledge transgressors: the incursion of women to science in Mexico, 19th-20th centuries." Culture & History Digital Journal 8, no. 1 (July 17, 2019): 004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2019.004.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of feminist thought has been very important in the field of history, as it has revealed the invisibility of women in this disciplinary field, besides of studying power relations and their effects on the daily, private and public life in which both women and men are involved. Access to education, first primary, then secondary and later higher in Mexico, spanned for a period of more than a century. In some of the regions, the presence of women in higher education was in the last third of the nineteenth century in areas considered feminine, such as midwifery, nursing and others. Careers are recorded in the 20th century. In this paper we propose to review the historiography and history of women who entered the different fields of knowledge at the end of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century, as well as to present a panorama of the educational spaces to which the Mexican women had access.
8
Guoyi, Qin. "COLLECTING CHINA ART OBJECTS IN ENGLAND IN THE 19TH CENTURY." Articult, no. 3 (2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2227-6165-2022-3-18-24.
Full textAbstract:
In the article, in the form of a brief overview, the Chinese influence on European art, in particular on English art, in the 19th century is described. The history of the emergence of Chinese art in Britain is summarized, the main stages of collecting and their prominent representatives are described. The article describes such areas of art as porcelain, engravings, painting, architecture, shows a description of their influence on European art, gives the reasons for the appearance of Chinese art in Europe. This article corrects the current picture of the development of collecting, based mainly on English-language material. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the relationship of the studied cultures, the influence of Chinese culture on English is considered in the prism of social and political factors. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the influence of Chinese art on the art of Europe depended on their position in the respective hierarchies: the higher the status of art in China, the less influence it had in Europe; and the higher the status of art in Europe, the less susceptible it was to Chinese influence.
9
Budzar, Maryna. "KYIV HISTORY IN EGO-DOCUMENTS: HRYHORII GALAGAN’S LETTER TO OLEKSANDR KOCHUBEY, 1857." Kyiv Historical Studies, no. 1 (2017): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2017.13640.
Full textAbstract:
The use of the epistolary heritage is one of the main requirements of the researchers who study Ukrainian cities. An important task is to reconstruct the history of Kyiv through the impressions of its inhabitants. Such a task is realized in the article, which is the publication of one of the letters of Hryhorii Pavlovych Galagan, the great landlord, influential public and cultural figure of the middle and second half of the 19th century, to his wife’s uncle, Oleksandr Vasyliovych Kochubey, the representative of the higher echelons of the imperial elite, a member of the State Council of Russian Empire. The document is a significant source. Apart the main theme of the letter — the visit of Emperor Alexander II to Kyiv in autumn of 1857, here is highlighted a number of socio-political and private-family issues. The publication of the document is important for the study of the Ukrainian elite of the 19th century in multidimensional manifestations of social and everyday life.
10
Tronchet, Guillaume. "Internationalization Trends in French Higher Education: An Historical Overview." International Higher Education, no. 83 (December 2, 2015): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2015.83.9089.
Full textAbstract:
For many policy makers in France, internationalization of higher education is a new subject. But people have short memories. They have forgotten—or simply do not know—that French universities were pioneers and leaders in internationalization between the end of the 19th and the middle of the 20th century, before being outshone by the United States and some other countries in Europe. Faced with today’s challenges of globalization, it is time for French universities to reclaim their own history.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Higher Victoria History 19th century"
1
Pusapati, Teja Varma. "Model presswomen : 'high-minded' female journalism in the mid-Victorian era." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8af9c31b-bf92-4fb3-95f9-e5d6f8f46b83.
Full textAbstract:
This study contributes to current critical discussions about the figure of the Victorian woman journalist. Most previous scholarship on nineteenth-century female journalism has focused either on women's anonymous writings or on their contributions to conventionally feminine genres like serial fiction and prose articles on domesticity and fashion. Although women's campaigning journalism has attracted some attention, especially from historians of feminism, its role in the professionalization of women writers has gone largely unexamined. Consequently, it has been assumed that female journalists did not write on social and political issues, unless they wrote anonymously or as reformers with little interest in developing careers as presswomen. This thesis radically revises this view by showing the mid-century rise of female journalists who wrote on serious social and political topics and earned national and international repute. They broke the codes of anonymity in a number of ways, including signing articles in their own names and developing distinctly female personae. They presented themselves as model middle-class professional authors: knowledgeable, financially independent and vocationally committed. They proved, by example, women's fitness for conventionally masculine lines of journalism. By examining their careers in the periodical press, my thesis offers the first in-depth analysis of 'high-minded' female journalism in Victorian England. Beginning with the 1850s, the thesis is organised around certain key developments in the periodical press, such as the debates about professional authorship, discussions of the plight of single women and the nature of female work, and the advent of signed publication. It examines the rise of prestigious presswork by women through the study of three distinct, yet overlapping models of the female professional journalist: the feminist journalist, the mainstream reform journalist, and the foreign correspondent. It then discusses the representation of women's high-minded journalism in the domain of fiction. The study ends in the 1880s, noting how these mid-Victorian models of women's presswork influenced the discussion and practice of female professional journalism in the 1890s.
2
Sliwka, Anne. "Transplanting liberal education : higher education in 19th century Bombay Presidency, India (1821-1904)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267493.
Full text
3
Andrews, Matthew Paul. "Durham University : last of the ancient universities and first of the new (1831-1871)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:52d639b8-a555-48ce-8226-af71d19cb346.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a study of Durham University, from its inception in 1831 to the opening of the College of Physical Science in Newcastle in 1871. It considers the foundation and early years of the University in the light of local and national developments, including movements for reform in the church and higher education. The approach is holistic, with the thesis based on extensive use of archival sources, parliamentary reports, local and national newspapers, and other primary printed sources as well as a newly-created and entirely unique database of Durham students. The argument advanced in this thesis is that the desire of the Durham authorities was to establish a modern university that would be useful to northern interests, and that their clear failure to achieve this reflected the general issues of the developing higher education sector at least as much as it did internal mismanagement. This places Durham in a different position relative to the traditional understanding of how universities and colleges developed in England and therefore broadens and deepens the quality of that narrative. In the light of the University's swift decline, and poor reputation, from the mid-1850s what were the ambitions of the founders and how did this deterioration occur? Were the critics' accusations against the University - principally that it was a theologically-dominated, inadequate imitation of Oxford, bound to the Chapter of Durham and ruled autocratically by its Warden - based on fact or prejudice? And if the critics were wrong, what were the factors that lead to the University's failings?
4
Vick, Malcolm John. "Schools, school communities and the state in mid-nineteenth century New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phv636.pdf.
Full text
5
Smith, Elisabeth Margaret. "To walk upon the grass : the impact of the University of St Andrews' Lady Literate in Arts, 1877-1892." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5570.
Full textAbstract:
In 1877 the University of St Andrews initiated a unique qualification, the Lady Literate in Arts, which came into existence initially as the LA, the Literate in Arts, a higher certificate available to women only. Awarded by examination but as a result of a programme of distance learning, it was conceived and explicitly promoted as a degree-level qualification at a time when women had no access to matriculation at Scottish universities and little anywhere in the United Kingdom. From small beginnings it expanded both in numbers of candidates and in spread of subjects and it lasted until the early 1930s by which time over 36,000 examinations had been taken and more than 5,000 women had completed the course. The scheme had emerged in response to various needs and external pressures which shaped its character. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the nature and achievements of the LLA in its first fifteen years and to establish its place within the wider movement for female equality of status and opportunity which developed in the later decades of the nineteenth century. The conditions under which the university introduced the LLA, its reasons for doing so, the nature of the qualification, its progress and development in the years before 1892 when women were admitted to Scottish universities as undergraduates and the consequences for the university itself are all examined in detail. The geographical and social origins and the educational backgrounds of the candidates themselves are analysed along with their age structure, their uptake of LLA subjects and the completion rates for the award. All of these are considered against the background of the students' later careers and life experiences. This thesis aims to discover the extent to which the LLA was influential in shaping the lives of its participants and in advancing the broader case for female higher education. It seeks to establish for the first time the contribution that St Andrews LLA women made to society at large and to the wider movement for female emancipation.
6
Jin, Yilin, and 金以林. "The history of university education of Modern China 1896-1949 =." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44569749.
Full text
7
Webb, Charlotte. "Science goes South : John Millington, Frederick Barnard, and the University of Mississippi, 1848-1861 /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212009-040329/.
Full text
8
Jorge, Muriel. "Philologie, grammaire historique, histoire de la langue ˸ constructions disciplinaires et savoirs enseignés (1867-1923)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA138.
Full textAbstract:
Entre la fin des années 1860 et le milieu des années 1920, la philologie, la grammaire historique et l’histoire de la langue sont introduites dans l’enseignement supérieur français grâce à la création de postes et de chaires dans des établissements nouvellement fondés, comme l’École Pratique des Hautes Études et l’École normale supérieure de jeunes filles de Sèvres, ou profondément rénovés, comme la Faculté des lettres de Paris. La disciplinarisation de ces savoirs linguistiques de type historique participe du rapprochement entre enseignement et recherche et, ainsi, du renouvellement du système universitaire. En atteste la carrière dans les trois institutions citées de Gaston Paris, Arsène Darmesteter et Ferdinand Brunot, retracée à l’aide de correspondances privées et de documents d’archives d’ordre institutionnel. L’analyse de documents publiés par les établissements eux-mêmes (affiches, livrets, comptes rendus d’enseignements, ouvrages commémoratifs) met en évidence les difficultés que rencontrent ces trois enseignants pour s’adapter aux divers publics étudiants et aux préconisations officielles. Leurs notes de cours reflètent un travail de didactisation, qui passe par des pratiques d’écriture diverses dont on identifie les spécificités à l’aide des outils de la génétique textuelle. L’étude approfondie de deux objets de savoir met en lumière l’intérêt de ces notes en tant que sources pour l’histoire des idées linguistiques et de leur enseignement. D’abord, l’histoire de l’orthographe française, bien qu’absente des intitulés des cours, est présente dans les notes de cours. Ensuite, le « latin vulgaire » est un thème porteur d’enjeux idéologiques et épistémologiques majeurs invisibles dans les affichages institutionnelsBetween the late 1860s and the mid-1920s, philology, historical grammar and language history are introduced into the French higher education system with the creation of positions and tenures in newly founded schools, such as the École Pratique des Hautes Études and the girls’ École normale supérieure in Sèvres, and in deeply transformed institutions, like the Paris Faculty of Letters. Making history-oriented linguistic knowledge into disciplines contributed to bring teaching and research closer together and led to the rebirth of the university system. This is illustrated by the careers of Gaston Paris, Arsène Darmesteter and Ferdinand Brunot in these institutions as evidenced by private correspondence and institutional archive material. The analysis of documents published by the establishments (posters, booklets, teaching records, anniversary publications) casts light on the problems these teachers faced when attempting to adapt to various student populations and official guidelines. Their teaching notes reveal content adaptation through diverse writing practices, which we identify and characterize by using text genetics. The in-depth study of two knowledge contents demonstrates the use that can be made of these notes as sources for the history of linguistic thought and its teaching. Firstly with the history of French orthography which is present in teaching notes, although it does not appear in course titles. Secondly with vulgar Latin as a theme that pertains to major ideological and epistemological issues which are invisible in institutional display material
9
Wood, Malcolm Robert. "Presbyterians in colonial Victoria." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146405.
Full text
10
Roberts, Phillip. "A Rose by any other name : historical epidemiology in late colonial and early modern Victoria (1853-c.1930)." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150611.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis contains an examination of infectious disease and its socio-economic relationship with the Victorian population during the colonial and early modern eras (1853 to c.1930) (the study period). This involved interpreting some now obsolete diagnoses, studying disease natural history and engaging in the debate surrounding the decline in mortality rates in the nineteenth century. The study period has proved to be an extremely good model in which to test the effects of various social and economic variables on health at a population level. The Gold Rush of the early 1850s and the resulting waves of boom and bust changed the population demography, economic development, and social diversification and stratification. This will be demonstrated to have had an effect on population health both at the state and local levels. Disease exposure and disease susceptibility were observed to vary substantially over the study period for typhoid and whooping cough: typhoid mortality shifts dramatically from children and older adults before 1870, to young adults after 1870, which is indicative of a change in disease exposure patterns with the urbanisation of the colony; whooping cough mortality patterns reduce in some groups compared to others, indicative of changing susceptibility to the disease. These examples highlight the heterogeneity of factors affecting disease causation for different infectious diseases and therefore the specificity of information that can be drawn from observations of changing disease patterns. It was shown that variation in the natural history of disease also occurred. For Group A streptococcal infections, a scarlet fever epidemic cycle was observed until 1876, from which point on mortality from post streptococcal nephritis increases dramatically. For diphtheria cases, however, the natural history of the disease remained very predictable until medical developments in the late nineteenth century. Like disease causation the factors associated with disease progression are also disease specific. To investigate variation in the natural history of diseases with a more complicated ecology, tuberculosis and syphilis mortality and morbidity were investigated. It was shown that for tuberculosis mortality from pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis was negatively correlated for much of the study period. Mortality from congenital syphilis and venereal syphilis also trended in opposite directions, with mortality in children trending higher while syphilis mortality in adults trended lower. The principal findings of this work are how disease-specific the ecological interaction is between parasite and host and how responsive a particular disease is to a historical event (which can be interpreted as an ecological change in behaviour by the host in the parasite host relationship) whilst other diseases may not have any reaction or a completely different reactions to the same historical event. This thesis just scratches the surface of the potential of this data in furthering our understanding of the ecological interaction between parasite and host in the past.
Books on the topic "Higher Victoria History 19th century"
1
Educating women: Cultural conflict and Victorian literature. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2001.
Find full text
2
Biblical higher criticism and the defense of infallibilism in 19th century Britain. Lewiston, N.Y: E. Mellen Press, 1987.
Find full text
3
Queen Victoria and nineteenth-century England. New York: Benchmark Books, 2003.
Find full text
4
Worsley, Lucy. My name is Victoria. Somerville, Massachusetts: Candlewick Press, 2018.
Find full text
5
Rowold, Katharina. The educated woman: Minds, bodies, and women's higher education in Britain, Germany, and Spain, 1865-1914. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.
Find full text
6
McCord, Norman. British history, 1815-1906. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Find full text
7
British history, 1815-1906. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Find full text
8
illustrator, Hergenrother Max, ed. Who was Queen Victoria? New York, New York: Grosset & Dunlap, an imprint of Penguin Group (USA) LLC, 2014.
Find full text
9
Shaw's people: Victoria to Churchill. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996.
Find full text
10
Lischke, Ralph-Jürgen. Friedrich Althoff und sein Beitrag zur Entwicklung des Berliner Wissenschaftssystems an der Wende vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert. Berlin: Sigma, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Higher Victoria History 19th century"
1
Kłosinska, Katarzyna. "The History of the Queen Margaret College Settlement in Glasgow from 1898 to 1914." In From Queen Anne to Queen Victoria. Readings in 18th and 19th century British literature and culture. Warsaw University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323536123.pp.125-132.
Full text
2
Leslie, Annie Ruth, Kim Brittingham Barnett, Matasha L. Harris, and Charles Adams. "Advancing the Demarginalization of African American Students." In The Black Experience and Navigating Higher Education Through a Virtual World, 73–96. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7537-6.ch005.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter presents theoretical discussions about advancing the demarginalization of African American students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) by bringing in insights from Afrocentric and symbolic-interaction perspectives. Here, the authors discuss demarginalization related to certain intra-racial and intersecting class, gender, and mental health issues emerging since COVID-19 and online learning. The ideas presented here are equally viable in student face-to-face and virtual learning environments. It begins with discussing marginalization and Afrocentric and symbolic-interaction theories. It reviews relevant literature about the history of African American education since the American Civil War, including 19th and 20th century reconstructions, Jim Crow, the rise of Historically Black Colleges and Universities, the Black student campus union and Black power movements, and other relevant happenings in Black American education.
3
Kataoka, Kei. "Descriptive geometry in middle school mathematics teaching in Japan (1905-1946)." In “DIG WHERE YOU STAND” 6. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on the History of Mathematics Education, 57–72. WTM-Verlag Münster, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959871686.0.05.
Full textAbstract:
Teaching of descriptive geometry began in 18th-century France and became widespread in tertiary and secondary education worldwide throughout the 19th century. Until the 20th century, educators often described two aims of descriptive geometry – technical education and mathematics education. In Japan, descriptive geometry was introduced into engineering and artistic higher education after the Meiji Restoration of 1868. Descriptive geometry became part of the general secondary school curriculum in the 1880s, but it had been taught under the auspices of arts and crafts education rather than mathematics. In the early 20th century, Japanese mathematics educators began to focus on descriptive geometry as a way to reform solid geometry. When Japan’s secondary school curriculum was revised in 1942, descriptive geometry was included in solid geometry and mathematics for the first time. Although this curriculum lasted only until 1946, it was the fruit of many educators’ labors and is worthy of examination. This paper examines several books and documents from the early 20th-century Japan and shows that there was a technical, mathematics-oriented debate about the aim of descriptive geometry teaching as seen in Europe. Keywords: descriptive geometry, solid geometry, secondary school, middle school, Nobutaro Nabeshima, Minoru Kuroda
4
Mathew, John, and Pushkar Sohoni. "Teaching and Research in Colonial Bombay." In History of Universities: Volume XXXIV/1, 259–81. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844774.003.0013.
Full textAbstract:
Bombay did not play the kind of administrative nodal role that first Madras and later Calcutta did in terms of overarching governance in the Indian subcontinent, occupying instead a pivotal position for the region’s commerce and industry. Nonetheless, the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Bombay were a formative age for education and research in science, as in the other Presidencies. A colonial government, a large native population enrolled in the new European-style educational system, and the rise of several institutions of instruction and learning, fostered an environment of scientific curiosity. The Asiatic Society of Bombay (1804), which was initially the hub of research in all disciplines, became increasingly antiquarian and ethnographic through the course of the nineteenth century. The Victoria and Albert Museum (conceived in 1862 and built by 1871 and opened to the public in 1872), was established to carry out research on the industrial arts of the region, taking for its original collections fine and decorative arts that highlight practices and crafts of various communities in the Bombay Presidency. The University of Bombay (1857) was primarily tasked with teaching, and it was left to other establishments to conduct research. Key institutions in this regard included the Bombay Natural History Society (1883) given to local studies of plants and animals, and the Haffkine Institute (1899), which examined the role of plague that had been a dominant feature of the social cityscape from 1896. The Royal Institute of Science (1920) marked a point of departure, as it was conceived as a teaching institution but its lavish funding demanded a research agenda, especially at the post-graduate level. The Prince of Wales Museum (1922) would prove to be seminal in matters of collection and display of objects for the purpose of research. All of these institutions would shape the intellectual debates in the city concerning higher education. Typically founded by European colonial officials, they would increasingly be administered and staffed by Indians.
5
Evans, Dylan. "1. What is an emotion?" In Emotion: A Very Short Introduction, 1–19. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198834403.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The word ‘emotion’ is fairly recent. Before the 19th century, people talked instead about ‘passions’, ‘sentiments’, and ‘affections’. ‘What is an emotion?’ begins by outlining the complex history of these words before exploring the variety of emotional experience in different cultures. However, our common emotional heritage binds humanity together in a way that transcends cultural difference. It is now widely accepted among anthropologists and emotion researchers that some emotions, at least, are not learned, but innate. The universality of basic and higher cognitive emotions argues strongly for their biological nature, shaped by our common evolutionary history.
6
Tuchais, Simon. "French." In Language Communities in Japan, 199–208. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856610.003.0021.
Full textAbstract:
The situation of French in present-day Japan derives from its current status as an international language, and a history starting in the 19th century, when French became an important language of modernization of Japan. In the 20th century, French rapidly assumed the status of a language of refinement and culture, associated with literature, intellectual thought, fashion, film, and gastronomy. This image is reflected in numerous loanwords from French in Japanese. This history led to French being one of the main foreign languages other than English taught in Japan since the Meiji era at all levels of education. French is actively studied in institutions of higher education, and is present through the network of French governmental cultural institutions in the major cities.
7
Fairbairn, Daphne J., and Jeff P. Reeve. "Natural Selection." In Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131543.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
The theory that organisms become adapted to their environment through the process of natural selection has become so ingrained in modern biological thought, and more generally in Western culture of the late 20th century, that it is surely one of the great scientific paradigms of the present era. Evolution and adaptation were both well-accepted concepts by the mid-19th century, at least among French and British natural philosophers. The theory of natural selection, developed by Wallace (1858) and Darwin (1859), provided a functional connection between the two processes. However, despite its logical consistency, natural selection was not accepted as a necessary or sufficient explanation for adaptation until the “evolutionary synthesis” of the mid-20th century, when knowledge from population and quantitative genetics, natural history (e.g., biogeography, ecology, behavior), systematics, and paleontology merged to form the unified theory of adaptive evolution known as neo-Darwinism (see Futuyma 1998 for a concise review of this history). Since that time, natural selection has been accepted as the universal mechanism leading to adaptation, and the two terms have become so closely associated as to be almost tautological. Adaptationist hypotheses are now fundamental to much of modern biology and are becoming increasingly apparent in more disparate fields, such as anthropology, medicine, biochemistry, and psychology (Futuyma 1999). Nevertheless, there is much that natural selection cannot explain. For example, chance events may strongly influence macroevolutionary trends (i.e., the origin and extinction of species and higher taxa), some aspects of molecular evolution, and evolution within small or subdivided populations (Mazer and Damuth, this volume, chapter 2; Nunny, this volume). For this reason, adaptationist hypotheses should be viewed with skepticism until adequately tested (Reznick and Travis, this volume). In this chapter, we carefully define natural selection and discuss methods of measuring selection in natural populations as a means of testing adaptationist hypotheses. These methods are most appropriate for testing hypotheses concerning the adaptive significance of contemporary trait distributions within and among populations (“microevolutionary” hypotheses) and thus have particular relevance for evolutionary ecologists. Readers will find many additional examples of these and other methods of testing microevolutionary adaptationist hypotheses throughout this volume, such tests being an essential component of most research programs in evolutionary ecology.
8
Newman, Richard S. "Building Love’s Canal." In Love Canal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195374834.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
The fall from environmental grace that Mark Twain described was a product of sweeping industrialization at the close of the 19th century. Spurred by the advent of hydroelectric power, a whole new group of commercial schemers flooded the Falls in search of wealth, power, and prestige. “This is an electrical era,” a Niagara booster bragged. “Back in the centuries that are past, we had the stone age, the ice age, etc., but the electrical age is purely the utilization of natural forces by the genius of man.” “Naturally,” he noted, “the first development of electric power was at the source of the greatest quantity of power anywhere to be found on earth, the Falls of Niagara.” That meant Niagara Falls would remain a watchword of industrial expansion far into the future. Among the legion of businessmen, engineers, and investors flocking to the fin de siècle Falls was an unheralded entrepreneur named William Love. After surveying the area in the early 1890s, Love was smitten. The environment he encountered was beautiful and bountiful. He soon unleashed bold plans to build both the world’s greatest hydroelectric power canal and “a model manufacturing city” that might someday encompass millions of people. By offering cheap power to businesses and an array of modern amenities to residents, Love’s Model City would become “the most complete, perfect and beautiful” urban locale “in the world.” As Love told anyone who would listen, his plan was destined to succeed. History knows Love for his dramatic failure. The economic crisis of 1893 undercut investments in Model City, while Love’s tangled business plans killed construction of his power canal. By the early 1900s, Love was long gone. In Model City, located a few miles from the Falls, little remained of his epic vision, save for a few small buildings. Yet in the town of Lasalle, an environmental ruin associated with Model City remained a prominent part of the landscape for many years: “Love’s Canal.” Before Love’s funding evaporated, his workers excavated a portion of a power canal and waterfall that would have been higher and more powerful than the natural Falls.