Journal articles on the topic 'Higher plant parameters'
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Johanna, H. A., and Von Konijnenburg Cittert. "Parameters in leaf and cuticle morphology." Journal of Palaeosciences 49, no. (1-3) (December 31, 2000): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2000.127.
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Rossi, Raffaella, Telma Tucci, Alessia Giordano, Pierangelo Moretti, and Carlo Corino. "Dietary brown seaweed and plant polyphenols in hyperprolific sows: Productive performance, blood parameters and antioxidant status." Czech Journal of Animal Science 67, No. 12 (December 20, 2022): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/98/2022-cjas.
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This study evaluated the productive performance, blood parameters and antioxidant status of hyperprolific sows fed control diet or diet supplemented with brown seaweed and polyphenol mixture (SPM). Ninety-six farrowing highly prolific sows (Topigs 20) were assigned to two dietary treatments from day 107 ± 2 days of gestation until weaning: control diet and the same diet containing 15 g/day of SPM. Sows fed SPM diet tended to have lower backfat losses (P = 0.06) than control sows. No difference was observed in daily feed intake. No difference in litter birth weight or number of piglets per litter was observed. In sows fed SPM, average daily gain and weaning body weight of piglets were increased (P < 0.05). Haematochemical parameters, haptoglobin and blood total antiradical activity were not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary treatment. The paraoxonase-1 activity was higher (P < 0.05) in SPM sows than in the control. At the subsequent farrowing, the total number of piglets born was higher (P < 0.05) in sows fed SPM than in the control. Overall, these data suggest that dietary plant polyphenols and brown seaweeds improved the weaning weight of piglets and the total number of piglets born at the subsequent farrowing, modulating oxidative stress in lactating highly prolific sows.
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Barabasz-Krasny, Beata, Katarzyna Możdżeń, Agnieszka Tatoj, Katarzyna Rożek, Peiman Zandi, Ewald Schnug, and Alina Stachurska-Swakoń. "Ecophysiological Parameters of Medicinal Plant Filipendula vulgaris in Diverse Habitat Conditions." Biology 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081198.
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This study attempts to determine which of the habitats occupied by Filipendula vulgaris creates better conditions for its growth and development. Selected physiological parameters—PSII activity, chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide content as well as biomass, the occurrence of mycorrhiza, and soil characteristics—were investigated. Grassland soils had a higher content of macronutrients and a lower concentration of heavy metals. The degree of colonization of F. vulgaris by AMF (Arum type) oscillated around high values in both types of stands. Plants growing on xerothermic grasslands achieved much better fluorescence parameters than those collected from meadows. Similar results were obtained from the analysis of chlorophyll content. The destabilization degree of cell membranes was significantly higher in plants collected in meadows than in grasslands. Biomass analysis showed higher values of these parameters in grassland plants. In the case of the parameters of fluorescence emission, plants growing on grasslands achieved significantly lower values than plants collected from meadows. The analyses carried out showed that better conditions for growth and physiological activity of F. vulgaris are probably associated with grasslands on a calcareous substrate.
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McDowell, L. Brooke, and Chris A. Martin. "596 Landscape Design and History Affect Urban Plant Gas Exchange Parameters." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 549E—550. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.549e.
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Effects of landscape design and land use history on gas exchange parameters were evaluated for woody plants in a factorial site matrix of formerly desert or agricultural land uses and xeric or mesic residential landscape designs within the metropolitan area of Phoenix, Ariz. Remnant Sonoran Desert sites and an alfalfa agricultural field functioned as controls. Residential landscapes and the alfalfa field were irrigated regularly. Monthly instantaneous measurements of maximum leaf and stem carbon assimilation (A), conductance (gs), and transpiration (E) were made within three replicates of each site type during 1998 and 1999. Measurements were repeated monthly on three woody plant life forms: trees, shrubs, and ground covers. Assimilation fluxes were not related to former land use, but were lower for plants in xeric compared with those in mesic landscapes. Transpiration fluxes were higher for plants in formerly agricultural sites than in formerly desert sites, and were lower in xeric than in mesic landscape design. Compared with plants in residential landscapes, A and E fluxes were generally higher for plants in the agricultural control sites and were lower for plants at the desert control sites. Plant instantaneous transpiration efficiency (ITE = A/E) was higher in formerly agricultural sites than in formerly desert sites but was not affected by landscape design. Patterns of A, gs, and shoot temperature at irrigated sites suggest that maximum plant carbon assimilation was not limited by shoot conductance but was more responsive to shoot temperature. Similarities in patterns of ITE between plants in the different landscape design types suggest that xeric and mesic landscape plants do not differ in terms of water use efficiency.
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Calvet, Érica C., Debora B. Lima, José W. S. Melo, and Manoel G. C. Gondim Jr. "Host plant discrimination through mobility parameters by eriophyoid mites." Systematic and Applied Acarology 25, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 1541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.25.9.2.
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Eriophyoidea is a well-known mite taxon of economic importance. Due to their small size, elucidating many of their bio-ecological aspects becomes a challenge. These mites are obligatory plant feeders, with high host specificity and vagrant (free living) and non-vagrant (part or whole life cycle in a host) lifestyles. The mobility (distance walked - mm, resting time - s, and number of stops) of these mites on host and non-host plant species has been investigated. Eriophyoid species were submitted to walking tests on host and non-host plants using five vagrant species and five non-vagrant species. The walking was recorded with video tracking (ViewPoint) for ten minutes. Twenty replicates were performed for each treatment (eriophyoid species and plant). There was a difference in the behavioral response of the species studied in relation to the hosts. When the species were grouped by ecological lifestyle (vagrant and non-vagrant), non-vagrant eriophyoids presented a higher mobility (higher distance walked, less resting time) than vagrant eriophyoids on their respective hosts. There was no difference in the mobility of vagrant and non-vagrant species on non-host plants. The absence of a pattern of behavioral response among the species tested here indicates that more factors are involved in the host identification and acceptance process.
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Reddy, Kodavali Monika, and MPS Khurana. "Sulphur and its significance in higher pulse production." Environment Conservation Journal 23, no. 3 (May 29, 2022): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.9072164.
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Sulphur is one of the emerging plant nutrients, required for pulse crops. After nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, it is forth key nutrient for plant nutrition. It is taken up by the plants in the form of sulphates form from the soil. The factors that are responsible for the wide spread deficiency of sulphur are excess use of high analysis fertilizers, inadequate use of crop residue, high yielding varieties of crops and its removal of sulphur by the crops. Sulphur plays a pivotal role in overall pulse production, by synthesis of sulphur containing amino acids, enhancing protein content, nodule formation and plant biomass. However, the requirement of sulphur for effective crop production is not showing promising trend. Comparing the sources of sulphur fertilizers, gypsum showed its superiority by producing high grain and straw yield in pulses. In some of the field experiments on pulses, addition of sulphur @30kg and 40kgof S/ha along with the recommended dose, increased the growth (plant height and number of branches) and yield and quality parameters (grain yield and protein content). This review highlights the different response of crops to Sulphur application, sources, uptake and its interactions with other nutrients for profitable crop production. Moreover, it provides new insights to revisit the significance of sulphur in higher pulse production.
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Hornyák, Marta, Aneta Słomka, Klaudia Sychta, Michał Dziurka, Przemysław Kopeć, Jakub Pastuszak, Anna Szczerba, and Agnieszka Płażek. "Reducing Flower Competition for Assimilates by Half Results in Higher Yield of Fagopyrum esculentum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 8953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238953.
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Despite abundant flowering throughout the season, common buckwheat develops a very low number of kernels probably due to competition for assimilates. We hypothesized that plants with a shorter flowering period may give a higher seed yield. To verify the hypothesis, we studied nutrient stress in vitro and in planta and analyzed different embryological and yield parameters, including hormone profile in the flowers. In vitro cultivated flowers on media with strongly reduced nutrient content demonstrated a drastic increase in degenerated embryo sacs. In in planta experiments, where 50% or 75% of flowers or all lateral ramifications were removed, the reduction of the flower competition by half turned out to be the most promising treatment for improving yield. This treatment increased the frequency of properly developed embryo sacs, the average number of mature seeds per plant, and their mass. Strong seed compensation under 50% inflorescence removal could result from increased production of salicylic and jasmonic acid that both favor more effective pollinator attraction. Plants in single-shoot cultivation finished their vegetation earlier, and they demonstrated greater single seed mass per plant than in control. This result suggests that plants of common buckwheat with shorter blooming period could deliver higher seed yield.
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Britto, Dev T., and Herbert J. Kronzucker. "Can unidirectional influx be measured in higher plants? A mathematical approach using parameters from efflux analysis." New Phytologist 150, no. 1 (April 2001): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00080.x.
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Kārkliņa, Daina, Ilga Gedrovica, Marina Reca, and Maija Kronberga. "Production of Biscuits With Higher Nutritional Value." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 66, no. 3 (December 1, 2012): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-012-0005-0.
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Abstract Biscuits were prepared by substituting wheat flour with Jerusalem artichoke powder, which is a widespread plant, and powder of cacao bean shells, which is a by-product of the cocoa bean refining process. Both of these were added to biscuit dough. Biscuits were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters. The results indicate that both materials contain highly valuable ingredients for production of a new type of biscuits. Jerusalem artichoke powder and cocoa shells contributed to fibre content, and the content of protein and fat changed. Also, the hardness and colour of the biscuits differed compared to the control.
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Sineshchekov, Vitaly A. "Fluorescence and Photochemical Investigations of Phytochrome in Higher Plants." Journal of Botany 2010 (October 24, 2010): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/358372.
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In higher plants, photoreceptor phytochrome (phy)—photoisomerizing biliprotein working as a light-driven molecular switch—is represented by a small family of phytochrome gene products with phyA and phyB as major species. phyA is unique among other phytochromes mediating photoresponse modes specific only for this pigment (far-red light induced) and also photoresponses characteristic of phyB and other minor phys (red light induced). In our group, in vivo fluorescence investigations of phytochrome were initiated and two native phyA pools—posttranslationally modified PHYA gene products designated phyA′ and phyA″—were detected in dicots and monocots. They differ by spectroscopic and photochemical parameters, by abundance and distribution in etiolated plant tissues, by light stability, and other phenomenological characteristics, and, most importantly, by their functional properties. This may explain, at least partially, the nature of the uniqueness of the phyA action. In this paper, the data on the phyA polymorphism are summarized with attention to the applied experimental approach.
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Krüger, Cleusa A. M. B., Sandro L. P. Medeiros, José A. G. da Silva, Genei A. Dalmago, Ana P. F. Valentini, and Juliano F. Wagner. "Rapeseed population arrangement defined by adaptability and stability parameters." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 1 (January 2016): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n1p36-41.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to identify the plant arrangement that allows greater grain yield with adaptability and stability of rapeseed hybrids. The experiments were conducted in randomized block design with four replicates and the 12 treatments consisted of combination of inter-row spacings (0.20, 0.40, and 0.60 m) and plant densities (20, 40, 60 and 80 plants m-2). The hybrids Hyola 432 (early cycle) and Hyola 61 (medium cycle) were cultivated in three growing seasons (2008, 2009 and 2010). Grain yield was evaluated based on the parameters adaptability and stability according to the models of Wricke and Eberhart & Russell. The plant arrangement for obtaining higher grain yield depends on the cultivated genotype. Higher grain yield was obtained in the arrangements of 0.20 m x 60 and 0.40 m x 60 plants m-2 for Hyola 432, and in 0.20 m x 60 plants m-2 for Hyola 61, in the three years of evaluation. In the inter-row spacing of 0.40 m and densities of 40 and 60 plants m-2, Hyola 432 shows high yield, adaptability to wide environments and stability. For Hyola 61, high productivity with overall adaptability was obtained in the inter-row spacing of 0.40 m, with 60 plants m-2.
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Goswami, A. P., B. Prasad, and V. C. Joshi. "Characterization of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] germplasm for morphological parameters under field conditions." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 836–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.692.
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The trial was conducted at the research block of Crop Improvement, GBPUAT, Hill Campus, Ranichauri using randomized block design (RBD) to characterize finger millet germplasm for morphological characters viz., plant height, flag leaf length, number of tiller plant-1, number of finger ear-1, ear length, no. of grain finger-1, no. of grain ear-1 and grain yield plant-1. Among all germplasms, number of finger ear-1, number of grain finger-1 and grain yield plant-1(g) had recorded highest in VL 149 which were 9.96, 150.66, 2.63 g respectively. The germplasm GEC 1406 attained lowest plant height (75.89 cm), GEC 961 had recorded higher flag leaf length (40.96 cm), GEC 268 had recorded maximum number of tiller plant-1 (3.30), GEC 199 had recorded higher ear length (9.20 cm), GEC 1044 had recorded maximum number of grain ear-1 (663) among all germplasm of finger millet. This study is helpful to identify superior germplasm so they can be used for further finger millet crop improvement programs.
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Patil, D. H., M. A. Shankar, Y. G. Shadakshari, and N. Krishnamurthy. "Studies on site specific nutrient management (SSNM) on hybrid sunflower seed production in Southern Karnataka." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1634.
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A field experiment was conducted at the Main Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore, to know the effect of Site Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM) on growth (plant height (cm), Leaf area (cm2 ), leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter production (g plant1 ) and yield (capitulum diameter (cm), No. of filled seeds, 1000 seed weight (g) and seed yield (kg ha-1 ) of hybrid sunflower seed production. The study indicated that significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (155.4 cm), leaf area (1293.10cm-2 ), leaf area index (0.69) and total dry matter accumulation (88.16 g plant-1 ) were recorded with SSNM for 1.2 tons ha-1 + Farm Yard Manure (FYM) as compared to recommended practice (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer 62.50:75:62.50 kg NPK ha-1 ). The application of fertilizers based on SSNM for a target yield of 1.2 t ha-1 + FYM resulted in significantly higher yield and yield attributes compared to the only application of RDF + FYM. The important yield parameters recorded that were significantly higher were viz., head diameter (19.89 cm) number of filled seeds per head (353.24), seed weight per plant (19.76 g), 1000 seed weight (43.72 g), hybrid seed yield (1003 kg ha-1 ).
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Deho, Z. A., S. Abro, and M. Rizwan. "IMPROVEMENT OF COTTON YIELD AND FIBER QUALITY PARAMETERS IN UPLAND COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) GENOTYPES THROUGH CHEMICAL MUTAGEN." Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences 36, no. 1 (October 12, 2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47432/2020.36.1.2.
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Eight mutant lines developed through mutation breeding technique using chemical mutagen along with parent line (Sadori) were evaluated at NIA, experimental farm. Quantitative and qualitative traits were analyzed statistically. The chemical mutagen Ethyle Methane Sulphonate (EMS) was used at the rate of 0.03%. The mutant lines (viz. NIA-M5, NIA-M10, NIA-M16, NIA-M20, NIA-M23, NIA-M29, NIA-M33 and NIA-M35) with parent Sadori were included in this study. The results revealed that three mutants (NIA-M20, NIA-M35 and NIA-M5) took (7.2%, 8.1% and 8.1%) higher plant height than parent (111 cm), two mutants (NIA-M5 and NIA-M20) obtained (36.8% and 42.1%) more sympodial branches plant-1 than parent (19.0). Three mutants (NIA-M20, NIA-M5 and NIA-M10) produced (16.8%, 22.4.0% and 25.4%) more number of bolls plant-1 than parental line (67.0). Five mutants (NIA-M5, NIA-M35, NIA-M20, NIA-M23 and NIA-M29) had higher fiber length (mm) (10.2%, 8%, 5.7%, 5% and 4.0%) as compared parent Sadori (28.0 mm). Two mutants (NIA-M20 and NIA-M29) showed higher fiber strength (g/tex) (5.5% and 8.3%) than parent (34.4%). Two mutants (NIA-M5 and NIA-M20) produced higher seed-cotton yield kg ha-1 (24.0% and 25.4%) over parent Sadori (3563 kg ha-1). The selected mutant lines on the basis of higher seed-cotton yield (kg ha-1) and enhanced fiber length (mm) compared to parent (Sadori) will be promoted in preliminary yield trials. Heritability and genetic advance were noted for early days to maturity, higher plant height (cm), sympodial branches plant-1, lengthy fiber (mm), bolls plant-1 and seed-cotton yield (kg ha-1).
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Liu, Yue, Guogen Wang, Hao Wu, Qingxiang Meng, Muhammad Zahoor Khan, and Zhenming Zhou. "Effect of Hybrid Type on Fermentation and Nutritional Parameters of Whole Plant Corn Silage." Animals 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061587.
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This study was designed to evaluate the effect of hybrid type on the fermentation and nutritional parameters of whole-plant corn silage (dual-purpose and silage-specific corn). For this purpose, the two corn hybrid types were harvested at the one-half to three-fourths milk line and ensiled in fermentation bags (50 × 80 cm) for 60 day. Our results demonstrated that the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid (p = 0.004), propionic acid (p < 0.001), Flieg point (p < 0.001), ether extract (p = 0.039), starch (p < 0.001), milk-per-ton index (p < 0.005), net energy for lactation (p = 0.003), total digestible nutrients (p < 0.001), neutral detergent soluble fiber (p =0.04), and in situ dry matter digestibility (TDMDis) (p < 0.001) were higher in dual-purpose corn silage, while the pH (p = 0.014), acetic acid (p = 0.007), the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen (p = 0.045), neutral detergent fiber (p < 0.001), acid detergent fiber (p < 0.001), acid detergent lignin (p < 0.001), dry matter yield per ha (p < 0.001), milk-per-acre index (p = 0.003), available neutral detergent fiber (p < 0.001), and unavailable neutral detergent fiber (p < 0.001) were higher in silage-specific corn silage. Based on our analysis, we concluded that under favourable production conditions for whole-plant corn silage, the nutritive value per unit was higher in dual-purpose corn while biomass yield and nutrient value per ha were higher in silage-specific corn.
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Joshi, Bal Krisna, Dhruba Bahadur Thapa, and Madan Raj Bhatta. "Genetic Parameters of Common Wheat in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 1 (September 20, 2016): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v1i0.15718.
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Knowledge on variation within traits and their genetics are prerequisites in crop improvement program. Thus, in present paper we aimed to estimate genetic and environmental indices of common wheat genotypes. For the purpose, eight quantitative traits were measured from 30 wheat genotypes, which were in randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Components of variance and covariance were estimated along with heritability, genetic gain, realized heritability, coheritability and correlated response. Differences between phenotypic and genotypic variances in heading days, maturity days and plant height were not large. Grain yield and plant height showed the highest phenotypic (18.189%) and genotypic (12.06%) coefficient of variances, respectively. Phenotypic covariance was higher than genotypic and environmental covariance in most of the traits. The highest heritability and realized heritability were of heading days followed by maturity days. Genetic gain for plant height was the highest. Co-heritability of 1000-grain weight with tillers number was the highest. The highest correlated response was expressed by grain yield with tillers number. This study indicates the possibility of improving wheat genotypes through selection utilizing existing variation in these traits.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.1 2015 pp.9-13
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TEUMA MBEZI, Michel, Sameh Najeh, Ambang Zachée, Ekobena Fouda H, and Kofané Timoleon C. "Electrical Conductance Analysis of Solanum Lycopersicum under Biotic Stress." Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/tmlai.82.6799.
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Our purpose is to provide different parameters of control from which one can identify a sick plant before the appearance of the first symptoms. We made a stochastic analysis and an analysis according to the theory of information, to deduce those characteristics parameters. It came out from our analysis that the DSP of health plant is above the DSP of the sick plant. Generally, the DSP of health and treated plant is above the DSP of sick and treated plant. However there is an overlapping between the DSP of sick and treated plant, and the health one for the whole value of the normalized reduced frequency. The average conductance of health plant is higher than the average conductance of sick plant. We also observed that, average conductance of health and treated plant is lower than the average conductance of sick and treated plant. The standard deviation of health plant is higher than the standard deviation of sick plant. We also observed that, standard deviation of health and treated plant is lower than the standard deviation of sick and treated plant. The electric conductance signal G(ω,t) of Solanum lycopersicum leaf plant is not a statistics process in the broad sense (SSL). Electric conductance G(ω,t) of the plant is a non ergotic signal. The entropy of the sick plant is higher than the entropy of the health one. Those parameters can be used during the development of informatics application, and can be used in I.O.T. (internet of thing)
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Zatloukal, Jan, Jindřich Fornůsek, Petr Bezdička, and Martin Gajdoš. "Identification of Thermo-Mechanical Parameters of Concrete Samples from Nuclear Plant." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.749.
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The civil structures of nuclear plants need to meet the most strict criteria in terms of safety and reliability not only during their design and construction, but during the duration of their life cycle. In addition, during the life-cycle of nuclear plant higher safety demands than the ones at the time of plant design may appear and the plant needs to prove meeting of such requirements. Validation of thermo-mechanical properties was required for the concrete structure of the containment building of Bohunice NPP in Slovakia. Identification of thermo-mechanical parameters of the material used in the containment structure was necessary to perform said analysis and detailed investigation on the concrete composition was performed. This paper describes the information that can be obtained using state-of-the art analytical methods – X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and thermic analysis (TG/DTA).
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Herrero, Baudilio, María Elena Blázquez, and María Dolores Cristóbal. "Agronomic parameters assessment in hydroponic tomato crop." Horticultura Brasileira 32, no. 4 (December 2014): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620140000400003.
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In this study we present the results of a comparative analysis of nutrient solution (NS) recycling and non-recycling treatments in hydroponic tomato crop. The established aims are to evaluate water consumption, pH and conductivity variation along the productive cycle in both treatments, to establish the differences in fruit yield and to assess the viability of the recycling system. Watering times and drained nutrient solution volume were counted on a daily basis. Emitter and drained water samples from both treatments were analyzed once per week in the Agricultural Institute of Fraisoro (Gipuzkoa). Tomato samples were collected, weighed and measured three times per week once the harvest had started. There was an 8% reduction in water supply; irrigation excess was between 11-38% and water supply efficiency was 6.7% higher in the recycling treatment in comparison to the non-recycling treatment. Drainage pH values fluctuated from 3.9-7.6 and conductivity varied from 1.9-3.6 mS/cm. Average yield per plant was 7.17 kg/plant. No significant differences were found regarding fruit yield, except for the commercialized smaller size tomatoes (diameter 57-67 mm) whose production was 226% higher in the non-recycling area. Fruit yield was not increased by the recycling technique in hydroponic crop. Recycling treatment viability has to be measured in terms of water and fertilizers saving and minimization of polluting waste in drainage solutions.
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Malik, Vipin Kumar, Shiv Kumar Singh, Vijay Kumar, Norang Pal Singh, Ankit Malik, and Vipin Kumar Dwivedi. "Association among genetic parameters in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss.)." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 3, no. 01 (May 20, 2018): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.1.3.
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The considerable amount of genetic variability on the basis of GCV and PCV estimates for the traits; days to 50% flowering, numbers of primary and secondary branches per plant, length of siliqua, 1000-seed weight, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index were found in thirty five genotypes of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss). Heritability and genetic advance were higher for days to 50% flowering, plant height and biological yield per plant. Although, number of secondary branches per plant, seed yield per plant and harvest index had moderately high heritability with moderate genetic advance indicating additive gene effects and selection pressure could be applied on them for yield improvement leads to fast genetic improvement of the materials. Days to 75% maturity, length of siliqua, 1000-seed weight and oil content had low heritability indicating that these traits were under the influence of environmental factors and selection on the basis of these traits could not be effective.
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Kleiber, Tomasz, Klaudia Borowiak, Anna Budka, and Dariusz Kayzer. "Relations Between Mn Concentration and Yield, Nutrient, Water Status, and Gas Exchange Parameters of Tomato." Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica 56, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsb-2014-0030.
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Abstract Nutrition is one of the most important factors influencing quantitative and qualitative plant yield. This study examined the effect of manganese (Mn) in nutrient solution on photosynthetic activity parameters, and the relations between photosynthetic activity parameters, yield and plant nutrient status in tomato (Solanum lycoper-sicum L.). Mn supplementation significantly modified the nutrient content of leaves. Macronutrient content var-ied less than micronutrient content. The optimal Mn concentration differed between the studied cultivars. Both Mn deficit and Mn excess caused a decrease of tomato yield. Gas exchange parameters, relative water content (RWC) and specific leaf area (SLA) were measured in fully expanded tomato leaves. Certain levels of Mn were found to be needed for proper plant function and future yield, and toxic effects of excess Mn were noted. Changes in PN (net photosynthetic rate) were found to be the first signal of plant response to higher Mn supply, while yield was as for optimal Mn concentrations. Under Mn treatment, uptake of some nutrients increased. A higher level of absorbed Mg led to a higher photosynthesis rate and increased stomatal opening. PN and gs (stomatal con-ductance) also increased, while Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration) decreased, indicating proper CO2 consumption during the assimilation process.
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Kumar, Sachin. "Performance Optimization of Combined Cycle Power Plant Considering Various Operating Parameters." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v18i1.15161.
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Combined cycle power plants are popular in the thermal engineering field for their higher efficiency as compared to normal cycles such as Rankine and Brayton Cycle. But main disadvantages of the cycle are waste heat rejection and low work output. To overcome these difficulties a heat recovery system is used in the present work to recover waste heat of the Brayton cycle as a steam generator for the Rankine cycle in a combined Gas-Vapor cycle. In the present work, the effect of factors such as “compression ratio”, “inlet air temperature” and “turbine inlet temperature” on cycle efficiency was calculated. It was found that cycle efficiency increases with increase in these factors. It was found that the optimum value of compression ratio is 12-18 for maximum output of combined cycle. Whereas inlet air temperature has adverse effect on cycle efficiency so it should be kept lower while increase in turbine inlet temperature increases the cycle’s work output and hence efficiency. Optimum values of turbine inlet temperature were found in the range of 1600-1700 K
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Hossain, Md Sakib, Rayhan Uddin, Pranti Barua, Md Yasin, Mohammad Shameem Al Mamun, and Md Mozammel Hoque. "Effects of Plant Age, Topography and Processing System On the Biochemical Traits and Quality of Tea." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 50, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i3.55843.
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Laboratory experiment was conducted to study the biochemical and quality parameters of tea i.e. Polyphenol, Theaflavin (TF), Thearubigin (TR), Caffeine, Lipid, Total ash, Chlorophyll, Moisture content etc. under different variables designed for age, topography, and processing system imposed on an established tea orchard. Results revealed that plant age and topography do not have any significant effect on most of the studied parameters. In case of plant age, tannin is found to be significantly higher in mature tea plant (39.35 ppm) whereas young plant showed significantly lower total sugar content (28.98 ppm). In case of land elevation, significantly higher tannin (37.41 ppm) and lower carotenoid content (0.74 mg/g) were evident in plants from kunchi topography where flat topography showed significantly higher total sugar (26.62 ppm) in leaves. The handmade tea flavoured with significantly higher amount of polyphenol (58.57 ppm) and caffein (43.30 ppm) but industry made tea showed significantly higher amount of tannin (37.65 ppm), total sugar (15.25 ppm) and TF:TR (1:10). Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 633-639, 2021 (September)
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CIUCIUC, ELENA, RETA DRĂGHICI, and IULIAN DRĂGHICI. "RESEARCH ON ESTABLISHING ECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY IN JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE CULTURE." "Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology,Cadastre Series " 51, no. 1 (December 18, 2020): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aamc.2021.01.09.
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In the period 2018-2020. within RDSFCSS Dabuleni, from Romania, 4 planting epochs were studied and 2 harvest epochs. Determinations were made on the number of tubers/plant, the average weight of a tuber and the production per unit area. Regardless of the planting epoch both the number of tubers/plant and the average weight of a tuber was higher in the plants harvested after 29 weeks after planting. The highest production of tubers was obtained by planting Jerusalem artichoke between April 15-25 and harvested after 29 weeks. In this variant. the production was 66.02 t / ha. corresponding to a number of 45.9 tubers / plant. with an average weight of 47.8 g / tuber.
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Zhang, Qian, Hao Hu, Yuzhou Jiang, Lianjuan Wang, Xiangfeng Kong, Yixuan Huang, and Guixia Jia. "Effects of Polyploidization on Morphology, Photosynthetic Parameters and Sucrose Metabolism in Lily." Plants 11, no. 16 (August 14, 2022): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162112.
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Polyploidization is widely used in ornamental plant breeding. The polyploids usually produce greater amounts of biomass. However, the alternations to sucrose metabolism that occur in lily during development after polyploidization induced using colchicine are poorly understood. In this study, compared with their allodiploid counterparts, allotetraploid lilies presented a larger total leaf area per plant and slightly delayed flowering time. Moreover, photosynthetic parameter measurements revealed a higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and maximum Pn for allotetraploids than for allodiploids. Compared with allodiploids, allotetraploids also showed higher nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) contents during development according to HILIC-CAD results. The expression levels of sucrose metabolism-related genes were higher in allotetraploids than in allodiploids at the same time points. The expression profiles of several target genes in allotetraploids were distinctly different from those in allodiploids. Susy2/3 exhibited opposite expression profiles in allotetraploids and allodiploids, and the expression profiles of SPS3 and Susy2 were significantly correlated with sucrose content change trends in allodiploids and allotetraploids, respectively.
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L.K. DHALIWAL, SARABJOT KAUR SANDHU, SUKHJEET KAUR, and SUKHVIR SINGH. "Effect of meteorological parameters on incidence of brown leaf spot in rice crop under different planting methods." Journal of Agrometeorology 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v20i1.505.
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The field experiments were conducted during three kharif seasons 2012, 2013 and 2014 to study the effect of meteorological parameters on brown leaf spot of rice under different transplanting dates, methods and plant population. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with two transplanting dates (15th June and 30th June) in main plots, three methods of planting (conventional, SRI and furrow) in sub plots and two plant population (625 and 300 plants per m2) in sub-sub plots with three replications. The brown leaf spot incidence was recorded at weekly interval from the start of its incidence. The incidence of disease (percentage) was higher under conventional planting (58.6 %) followed by SRI (52.3 %) than furrow planting (49.9 %). The disease incidence was 5 per cent higher in high plant population (625 plants m-2) as compared to lower plant population (300 plants m-2) mainly due 4.1 per cent higher relative humidity within canopy. The correlation analysis revealed that minimum temperature and evening relative humidity significantly affected the disease incidence. The regression model developed with 2012 and 2013 data had highly significant R2 values which was validated with 2014 data.
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Darabi, Faezeh, Majid Keshavarzi, Media N. Abdullah, Fatemeh Dehghani, Narges Khanjani, Saeed yousefinejad, Farahnaz Khajehnasiri, and Zahra Zamanian. "Evaluation of oxidative stress and biochemical biomarkers, and psychological parameters in cement plant workers." Toxicology and Industrial Health 38, no. 1 (January 2022): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07482337211055132.
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The cement industry is one of the main world industries with exposure to a wide range of hazardous chemical and physical occupational agents that may increase free radicals and lead to disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress, biochemical markers, and psychological parameters among cement plant workers. In this cross-sectional study, 40 workers exposed to cement and 40 office employees were selected as the exposed and non-exposed groups, respectively. Exposure to cement dust, silica, and noise were, respectively, assessed using the NIOSH 0600, NIOSH 7601, and noise dosimetry methods. Oxidative stress biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and biochemical parameters were measured in the serum of all participants. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) questionnaire. The results demonstrated that the level of MDA as a marker of oxidative stress was significantly higher in the exposed group. The level of antioxidant enzymes including SOD and CAT were also significantly higher in the exposed group. The level of TAC was lower in the exposed group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), and the scores of depression and stress were also significantly higher in the exposed group. According to our results, noise, cement dust, and silica exposure were associated with oxidative stress, and this may be one of the mechanisms in which they adversely affect liver function and mental health.
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Nag, Khiromani. "Performance of Growth Parameters on Level of Growth Substance and Plant Densities of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandifloras L.) cv. Snow Princess - A Review." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8684.
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The results of the experiment showed use of gibberellic acid and plant spacing’s has been significantly. Highly influence on the most parameters such as height of plant, number of leaves plant-1 and number of branches plant-1 was the significant on higher amount of gibberellic acid and wider spacing’s.
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Silva, Rodrigo de Souza, Elisa Ferreira Moura, João Tomé de Farias Neto, and José Edson Sampaio. "Genetic parameters and agronomic evaluation of cassava genotypes." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 51, no. 7 (July 2016): 834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2016000700006.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate genetic parameters and predict genetic values for the selection of cassava (Manihot esculenta) genotypes in the state of Pará, Brazil. The trial was performed with 56 genotypes in two growing seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014), in the municipality of Igarapé-Açu, in the state of Pará, using the augmented blocks design with two control treatments. The evaluated traits were: plant shoot weight (PSW), number of roots per plant (NRP), number of rotten roots per plant (NRRP), fresh root yield (FRY), harvest index (HI), and starch content in the roots (SCR). The restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) methods were used. There was genetic variability among genotypes for PSW, NRP, HI, and SCR. Broad-sense heritability estimates were low for PSW and SCR, but were moderate for NRP and HI. However, the heritabilities of the average of genotypes were higher for PSW and SCR. The genetic gains of the five best genotypes varied from 6.0 to 11.08% (PSW), 15.81 to 27.10% (NRP), 9.82 to 12.14% (HI), and 1.90 to 2.20% (SCR). There is genetic variability among cassava genotypes, and the possibility of genetic gains based on selection is moderate for this region in the state of Pará.
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Bourland, Freddie M., and Edward E. Gbur. "Relationships of Plant Trichomes to Yield and Fiber Quality Parameters in Upland Cotton." Journal of Cotton Science 21, no. 4 (2017): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/fuin8421.
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Botanically, the hair on leaves, stems and bracts, as well as the fibers on seed are plant trichomes. Reducing trichomes on cotton leaves, stems and bracts can reduce trash in ginned cotton lint, but might negatively impact fibers on seed and other parameters. Our objective was to determine the impact of reducing trichomes on leaves, stems and bracts on number and density of fibers on seed and on other agronomic and fiber quality parameters. Trichome (leaf, stem and bract), agronomic (9 parameters) and fiber quality (6 parameters) data were extracted from the Keiser location of the Advanced and New Strain Tests (2006-2015) and the Main and 1st year Variety Test (2007-2015) in Arkansas. All agronomic and fiber quality data were analyzed using PROC GLM and a linear mixed model (PROC MIXED in SAS) with leaf pubescence, stem pubescence and bract trichomes as independent variables. Trends for trichome measures in Strain Tests differed from trends in Variety Tests. Leaf and stem pubescence influenced more parameters than bract trichome density. Increased leaf pubescence was related to higher yields in each test and with higher fibers seed-1 and fiber density in the Strain (but not the Variety) Tests. Bract trichome density did not affect any parameter (except fiber strength) in the University of Arkansas (UA) Cotton Breeding Program. Compared to leaf and stem pubescence, bract trichome density appears to have fewer adverse relationships with yield and quality parameters. Reducing bract trichome density should be the optimum method to lower plant hairiness in Upland cotton.
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ZHU, GUO-LI, and CHENG-HOU LOU. "A Two Compartment Model Method for Continuous Determination of Hydraulic Parameters of Higher Plant Cells by Pressure Probe Technique." Journal of Experimental Botany 39, no. 7 (1988): 961–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/39.7.961.
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Kumar, Sanjeev, NB Patel, and SN Saravaiya. "Studies on Solanum torvum Swartz rootstock on cultivated eggplant under excess moisture stress." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i2.47671.
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A field experiment on grafting two cultivars of brinjal, namely Surati Ravaiya Pink and Surati Ravaiya Purple onto the rootstock of Solanum torvum Swartz was conducted to elucidate the influence on plant survival and other horticultural parameters under excess moisture stress. The results revealed 24.59 and 17.18% higher plant survival in grafts of Surati Ravaiya Pink and Surati Ravaiya Purple over their respective counter parts. Plant growth indicators like plant height and stem diameter showed significant increase in grafts over normal plants. Grafted plants were quite early in flowering taking 38.60 and 34.53 days in Surati Ravaiya Pink and Surati Ravaiya Purple, respectively which corresponded significantly for earliness in picking by more than 5 days. Grafting also regulated heterostyly polymorphism positively and significantly in both the cultivars resulting in higher fruit set in grafted plants. Higher number of fruits per plant and enhanced cropping period were also important yield contributing traits achieved through grafting. The grafted plants showed tolerance to shoot and fruit borer exhibiting 22.79 and 17.86% infestation in Surati Ravaiya Pink and Surati Ravaiya Purple, respectively. Economic parameters analysis revealed higher net returns in grafted plants compared to non-grafted ones.
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Zaman, Ishrat, Muqarrab Ali, Khurram Shahzad, Muhammad Saeed Tahir, Amar Matloob, Wazir Ahmad, Saud Alamri, et al. "Effect of Plant Spacings on Growth, Physiology, Yield and Fiber Quality Attributes of Cotton Genotypes under Nitrogen Fertilization." Agronomy 11, no. 12 (December 19, 2021): 2589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122589.
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Cotton is a major cash crop of Pakistan that provides high foreign exchange and plays an important role in agriculture, industry, and economic development. The plant population is important in achieving high cotton yield and fiber quality attributes in irrigated conditions. Most farmers maintain plant spacing according to their local tradition, and often ignore the varietal characteristics in Pakistan that cause low yield and poor quality of products. Therefore, standardization of plant spacings according to varietal characteristics is important to achieve higher yield and fiber quality. A field experiment was carried out at the Agronomic Research Area, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan in 2017, in order to evaluate the performance of four cotton cultivars (MNH-1016, FH-Lalazar, NIAB-878, and Cyto-124) under five plant spacings (15.0, 22.5, 30.0, 37.5, and 45.0 cm), comparing them with and without nitrogen application. Nitrogen fertilization was applied at the rate of 197 kg ha−1. The experiment was replicated thrice, as per Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial arrangements. The results showed that nitrogen application of 197 kg ha−1 showed a positive impact on all crop parameters compared to plots where no nitrogen fertilizer was applied. The wider plant spacing (45 cm) increased the values of many cotton parameters compared with other plant spacings (22.5, 30.0, 37.5 and 45.0 cm), but the seed cotton yield was found to be higher in the narrow plant spacing (15 cm). However, fiber quality parameters such as GOT, staple strength, and micronaire showed higher values under wider plant spacing (45.0 cm). The varieties showed a mixed effect on cotton productivity and fiber quality. The MNH-1016 significantly impacted yield-contributing parameters such as bolls plant−1, boll weight and seed cotton yield. The NIAB-878 showed a higher photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance compared to other varieties. Therefore, the wider plant spacing with nitrogen application could be a better strategy to increase cotton growth, yield, physiology, and fiber quality. However, long-term studies under different climatic conditions are suggested for wider plant spacing with nitrogen fertilizers.
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Lam, Vu Phong, Sung Jin Kim, and Jong Seok Park. "Optimizing the Electrical Conductivity of a Nutrient Solution for Plant Growth and Bioactive Compounds of Agastache rugosa in a Plant Factory." Agronomy 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010076.
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The objective of this study was to determine the proper electrical conductivity (EC) of a nutrient solution (NS) for accumulating bioactive compounds of Agastache rugosa without decreasing plant growth. Six-week-old seedlings were transplanted in a deep flow technique system with Hoagland NS with a 2.0 dS·m−1 EC for the initial week. From eight days after transplanting, the plants were treated with six EC treatments of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 dS·m−1 for three weeks. Plant growth parameters, leaf gas exchange parameters, the relative chlorophyll value, and the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were measured, and the rosmarinic acid (RA), tilianin, and acacetin concentrations were analyzed at 28 days after transplanting. The results showed that almost all plant growth parameters were maximized at 2.0 and 4.0 dS·m−1 and minimized at 8.0 dS·m−1 compared with the other EC treatments. The relative chlorophyll and Fv/Fm values were maximized at 2.0 and 4.0 dS·m−1. Similarly, leaf gas exchange parameters were increased at 2.0 and 4.0 dS·m−1. The RA content exhibited significantly higher values at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 dS·m−1 compared with other treatments. The tilianin and acacetin contents exhibited the significantly highest values at 4.0 and 0.5 dS·m−1, respectively. These results suggest optimal EC treatment at 4.0 dS·m−1 for increasing bioactive compounds in A. rugosa plants without decreasing plant growth. Excessively high or low EC induced salinity stress or nutrient deficiency, respectively. Furthermore, among the plant organs, the roots of A. rugosa contained the highest RA concentration and the flowers contained the highest tilianin and acacetin concentrations, which revealed a higher utilization potential of the roots and flowers for bioactive compounds.
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Alrutz, Martina, Jorge Antonio Gómez Díaz, Ulf Schneidewind, Thorsten Krömer, and Holger Kreft. "Forest structural parameters and aboveground biomass in old-growth and secondary forests along an elevational gradient in Mexico." Botanical Sciences 100, no. 1 (October 27, 2021): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2855.
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Background: Tropical montane forests are important reservoirs of carbon and biodiversity but are threatened by deforestation and climate change. It is important to understand how forest structure and aboveground biomass change along gradients of elevation and succession.
Questions: What are the interactive effect of elevation and two stages of succession on forest structure parameters?
Studied species: Tree communities.
Study site and dates: Cofre de Perote, Veracruz, Mexico. August to December 2015.
Methods: We studied four sites along an elevational gradient (500, 1,500, 2,500, and 3,500 m). At each elevation and each forest type, we established five 20 × 20 m plots (n = 40 plots). Within each plot, we measured stem density, mean diameter at breast height (dbh), and tree height and derived basal area and aboveground biomass (AGB).
Results: AGB peaked at 2,500 m and was significantly related to elevation and succession, with higher values in old-growth forests than in secondary forests at higher altitudes. Lower values of mean dbh and basal area were found at higher elevations. At the lowest elevation, both successional stages had the same values of stem density and AGB. At both lower elevations, secondary forests had higher values of dbh and basal area. There were high biomass stocks in the old-growth forest at 2,500 and 3,500 m.
Conclusions: Old-growth forests at higher elevations are threatened by deforestation, consequently these remaining fragments must be preserved because of their storage capacity for biomass and their ability to mitigate climate change.
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Zhang, Cheng, Yanyou Wu, Yue Su, Deke Xing, Yi Dai, Yansheng Wu, and Lei Fang. "A Plant’s Electrical Parameters Indicate Its Physiological State: A Study of Intracellular Water Metabolism." Plants 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101256.
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Almost all of a plant’s life activities involve electrochemical reactions. Plant electrical parameters respond quickly to environmental changes and are closely related to physiological activities. In this study, the theoretical intrinsic relationships between clamping force and leaf impedance (Z) or capacitive reactance (Xc) and capacitance (C) were revealed as 3-parameter exponential decay and linear models based on bioenergetics, respectively, for the first time. Leaf electrical characteristics including intrinsic impedance (IZ), capacitive reactance (IXc), capacitance (IC) and specific effective thickness (d) were successfully detected using the above-mentioned relationships and were used to manifest plant metabolic activity. The intracellular water-holding capacity (IWHC), water-use efficiency (IWUE), water-holding time (IWHT) and water transfer rate (WTR) of plant leaves were defined on the basis of IZ, IXc, IC and d, and applied to reflect the intracellular water metabolism. The results demonstrated that the leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera plants grown in agricultural soil had higher IC, d, IWHC, WTR, water content values and lower IZ, IXc values than those grown in moderately rocky desertified soil. The leaf IC, d, IWHC, WTR and water content values of herbaceous plants were higher than those of woody plants. Solanum tuberosum L. had higher leaf IC, d, IWHC and WTR values, but exhibited lower IZ, IXc, IWUE and IWHT values than Capsicum annuum L. This study highlighted that a plant’s electrical parameters based on bioenergetics clearly indicate its physiological process—e.g., the intracellular water metabolism.
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AMELIN, Alexandr V., Aleksey N. FESENKO, Evgeniy I. CHEKALIN, Ivan N. FESENKO, and Valeriy V. ZAIKIN. "Higher yielding varieties of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) with determinate growth habit (single mutation det) manifest higher photosynthesis rate at stage of grain filling." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 115, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.115.1.1316.
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Comparison of common buckwheat varieties with determinate vs. indeterminate growth habit reveals no differences in leaf photosynthesis rate at stage before flowering. However, at stage of seed filling the difference was significant. Maximal difference was 20 days after early flowering, i.e in period of most intensive seed formation. These results show that determinate varieties have higher sink strength providing by developing seeds. It is correlated with higher yield ability of such varieties. Probably, growth limitation resulting from <em>det</em>-mutation leads to some shifts in system of sink priorities of buckwheat plant and allows initiate the development of additional seeds. One more possible cause of alteration of the physiological parameters in determinate varieties is some optimization of plant structure: in terms of physiology the determinate buckwheat is a plant which is more similar to cereals than indeterminate buckwheat. However, underlying physiological changes accompanying the transition from indeterminate toward determinate growth in buckwheat remain almost unknown. Assumption about strong effect of <em>det</em>-mutation <em>per se </em>on photosynthesis rate was not supported in our work. Alternative assumption about accumulation of additional genes enhancing the sink ability suggests opportunities for additional progress in the selection work using tools evaluating photosynthesis intensity at stage of grain filling.
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Rodrigues, Lucas Oliveira, Rachel Andrade de Faria, Marcos Martins Gouvêa, Carlos Augusto de Freitas Peregrino, Elizabeth Valverde Macedo, and Samanta Cardozo Mourão. "Effect of spray drying process parameters on Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC. dried extracts." Revista Fitos 14, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32712/2446-4775.2020.969.
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Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC. (Cat's claw) is a plant member of the Rubiaceae family, from the Amazon region, and used in traditional medicine as raw material for phytomedicines indicated for arthritis and osteoarthritis. This study aimed to evaluate the spray drying process parameters on the properties of different extracts obtained from Uncaria tomentosa. A reduced 24-1 multifactorial design was applied to evaluate the importance of the equipment variables (pump speed, spray nozzle diameter, air inlet temperature, and atomization airflow rate) in the process. Maltodextrin and acacia gum were used as carriers in a 1:1 (m/m) ratio, considering the solid residue content of the liquid plant extract. Process yield, moisture, and hygroscopicity were evaluated as dependent variables. Higher atomization airflow rate led to higher process yield for powdered dried extracts with maltodextrin. Higher temperature led to lower moisture contents regarding powdered dried extracts with acacia gum. No variable, for any carrier, was considered significant for hygroscopicity. The best spray drying configuration for the desired characteristics (i.e. lower hygroscopicity and moisture) used the larger spray nozzle with a diameter of 1.2 mm and the higher temperature of 150 °C, with both carriers.
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Rodrigues, Lucas Oliveira, Rachel Andrade de Faria, Marcos Martins Gouvêa, Carlos Augusto de Freitas Peregrino, Elizabeth Valverde Macedo, and Samanta Cardozo Mourão. "Effect of spray drying process parameters on Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC. dried extracts." Revista Fitos 14, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32712/2446-4775.2020.969.
Full textAbstract:
Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC. (Cat's claw) is a plant member of the Rubiaceae family, from the Amazon region, and used in traditional medicine as raw material for phytomedicines indicated for arthritis and osteoarthritis. This study aimed to evaluate the spray drying process parameters on the properties of different extracts obtained from Uncaria tomentosa. A reduced 24-1 multifactorial design was applied to evaluate the importance of the equipment variables (pump speed, spray nozzle diameter, air inlet temperature, and atomization airflow rate) in the process. Maltodextrin and acacia gum were used as carriers in a 1:1 (m/m) ratio, considering the solid residue content of the liquid plant extract. Process yield, moisture, and hygroscopicity were evaluated as dependent variables. Higher atomization airflow rate led to higher process yield for powdered dried extracts with maltodextrin. Higher temperature led to lower moisture contents regarding powdered dried extracts with acacia gum. No variable, for any carrier, was considered significant for hygroscopicity. The best spray drying configuration for the desired characteristics (i.e. lower hygroscopicity and moisture) used the larger spray nozzle with a diameter of 1.2 mm and the higher temperature of 150 °C, with both carriers.
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Croce, Fulvio, David Hendricks, Joe Pollara, Susan Poulsom, Rosalaura Oliveri, Maria Valeria Torregrossa, Laura Valentino, and Ranieri Candura. "Operational efficiency of a pilot plant for wastewater reuse." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1996): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0702.
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Reuse of wastewaters for non-potable uses needs a higher than normal reliability in treatment plant operation and management, in order to ensure higher safety margins for public health and environmental protection. After a two-years research project on a pilot plant designed for agricoltural reuse, all control parameters used for the plant operation have been examined, in order to obtain useful observations on efficiency of each of the treatment units, for best overall performance. It was concluded that this type of package plant was able to produce a high quality effluent under various conditions, providing a good confidence on the reliability of the system.
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Rosa, Fernanda, Brooke Yelvington, Nathan Terry, Patricia Tripp, Hoy E. Pittman, Bobby L. Fay, Taylor J. Ross, et al. "Evaluation of the Safety of a Plant-Based Infant Formula Containing Almonds and Buckwheat in a Neonatal Piglet Model." Nutrients 14, no. 7 (April 2, 2022): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071499.
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A randomized neonatal piglet trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and the effects of a plant-based formula containing almonds and buckwheat as the main ingredients on growth and plasma parameters. From postnatal day (PND) 2 to 21, the piglets were fed a dairy-based milk formula (Similac Advance) or a plant-based formula (Else Nutrition) and all piglets were euthanized at day 21. No diarrhea was observed after PND 8 and all the piglets completed the trial. Body growth, kcal intake, the complete plasma count parameters and hematological parameters were within the reference range in both groups. Organ growth and development was similar between the two groups. Plasma glucose was higher in the dairy-based-fed piglets relative to the plant-based at 2 weeks of age. Liver function biomarkers levels were greater in the plasma of the plant-based compared to the dairy-based fed group. In addition, calcium levels were higher in the plant-based fed piglets at 1 week of age. Thus, the plant-based formula tested in this study was well tolerated by the piglets and supported similar growth compared to dairy-based milk formula. Therefore, the results support the safety of the tested plant-based infant formula during the neonatal period in comparison to the dairy-based formula fed group.
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Zdravkovic, Milan, Jasmina Zdravkovic, Nenad Pavlovic, Radisa Djordjevic, and Milan Damjanovic. "The effect of genetic parameters on inheritance of the first pod hight in snap bean - Phaseolus vulgaris L." Genetika 35, no. 1 (2003): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0301031z.
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In order to research the inheritance, gene effect, combination abilities and genetic variance components, we investigated six divergent snap bean genotypes (Supernor, Darija, Grinkrop, Palanacka rana, Sumadinka and Zora) and their F1 progeny created by diallel crossing without reciprocals. For the trait of height of forming the first pod, variance of average value of parents and hybrids was highly significant. The value of dominant components (H1 and H2) was higher than additive component (D), meaning that dominant genes control the inheritance of number of pods per plant. The average level of domination ?Hl/D is higher than 1, pointing to superdomination. Heritability in broader sence amounts 90% pointing to high contribution in inheriting the number of pods per plant.
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Hornok, Mária, and Péter Pepó. "The Effect of Forecrop and Plant Protection on the Pathology Parameters and Yields of Winter Wheat." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 16 (December 6, 2005): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/16/3294.
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We carried out our experiment in the cropyears of 2000/2001, 2001/2002 and 2002/2003, on calcareous chernozem soil, at the experimental site of the Debrecen University Farm and Regional Research Institute, at Látókép. We examined the disease resistance and the yield quantity of Mv Magvas variety by adopting different forecrops and plant protection technologies, at 30+30 N level and at normal cereal row spacing. We applied two forecrops (wheat and pea) and two plant protection technologies (extensive and intensive). We measured the rate of infection by population survey in the first ten days of June.In the course of our examinations, we found, that the rate of powdery mildew infection was higher in the thicker population sown after pea forecrop in all three years, as powdery mildew is not a typical cereal disease.The infection rate of leaf mildew and DTR (Dreschlera tritici-repentis) was higher after wheat forecrop in all examined years, because these are typical wheat diseases and infection centres in the soil promote the spreading of these diseases. However, it was possible to parry the adverse effect of forecrops by intensive plant protection.Due to the chernozem soil, wich has good water management features, and due to the good preparation of the seedbed, the effect of forecrops on yield quantity did not appear in the examined years. The quantity of the yield was only slightly larger after pea forecrop in the cropyears of 2000/2001 and 2002/2003 than after wheat. Nonetheless, the data of technical literatures state that the yield quantity can be larger, even by 15-20%, after pea forecrop.In the course of intensive plant protection technology, we applied systemic pesticides, while in the course of environmentally sound technology, we used contact pesticides of sulphur content. In those populations that were treated with environmentally sound plant protection technology, infection rate was higher in all three years.Yield quantities were somewhat lower in the course of applying extensive, environmentally sound technology, because diseases appeared in these populations to the higher degree. Powdery mildew does not, but leaf mildew and Dreschlera tritici-repentis have a significant yield decreasing effect. With appropriate, well-selected fungicides, we were able to keep every leaf diseases well in hand, and the rate of infection was almost independent of the influence of the breeding year.
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A. Asker, Manal. "Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Yield and Some Growth Parameters of Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanese ) Crop." Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences (QJAS) (P-ISSN: 2077-5822 , E-ISSN: 2617-1479) 7, no. 2 (April 23, 2018): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33794/qjas.vol7.iss2.45.
Full textAbstract:
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen(0,200 and 300 kgNha-1) and phosphorus (0,60,and 180 kgPha-1) fertilization and their combination on yield and some growth parameters of sudangrass(Sorghum Sudanese). (Number of leaves per plant, plant height, number of heads per plant, weight of 1000 seeds, ,yields of seeds , dry weight of shoots and protein content in seeds)were measure . Results indicated that nitrogen and phosphate application and their combination had significant effects on all growth parameters and yield of Sudangrass . The combination treatment of 300kgNha-1 plus 180 kgPha-1) gave higher yield (71.86 gm.plant-1) and protein content in seeds( 5.79 %) and other growth parameters.
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Rahman, Moomtahina, Md Alauddin, and AHM Zulfiquar Ali. "Growth and yield performance of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) under various doses of vermicompost and NPK fertilizers grown at rooftop of Charfasson area in the southern parts of Bangladesh." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 30, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v30i2.54653.
Full textAbstract:
A pot experiment was carried out on the rooftop of a building at Charfasson town Bhola to evaluate the growth and yield performance of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) as influenced by different doses of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers in the winter season of 2020-2021. Each pot was filled with ten kg soil and arranged in a completely randomized design having seven treatments with three replications. Treatments were T1: Control (-VC), T2: 5 t VC/ha, T3: 10 t VC/ha, T4: 15 t VC/ha, T5: 20 t VC/ha, T6: 25 t VC/ha, and T7: 50% RDF NPK (40 - 15-25 kg/ha). Different agronomic parameters were measured at the intervals of 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after sowing of seeds. All the treatments of vermicompost showed better responses in agronomic parameters than the control treatment. Among them, T5 treatment tends to show significantly (p<0.05) higher plant height (18.5 cm), number of the leaf (54/plant), root length (15.50 cm), first flowering (at 61 days), fruit length (5.75 cm), fruit diameter (13.75 cm), number of fruits (15/plant), the average weight of fruit (14.50 g), the fresh yield of fruits (13.59 t/ha), fresh weight of root (10.41 g/plant), fresh weight of reproductive structure (3.12 g/plant), weight of the dry reproductive structure (3.12 g/plant) and benefit-cost ratio (9.37). T6 treatment showed significantly (p<0.05) higher leaf area (49.00 cm2), fresh weight of petiole (4,61 g/plant), the weight of dry root (2.20 g/plant), weight of dry leaf (5.87 g/plant), weight of dry petiole (1.42 g/plant) and weight of dry biomass (12.48 g/plant). T2, T3 and T4 treatments showed significantly (p<0.05) higher growth than T7 treatment. The overall findings revealed that the application of vermicompost (20 t/ha) in the strawberry plant might be a suitable method in rooftop gardening to achieve its better agronomic and yield parameters in the southern parts of Bangladesh.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 283-292, 2021 (July)
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Sun, Heng, Dan Shu, and Hong Mei Zhu. "Process Optimization of One-Stage Propane Pre-Cooled MRC Cycle for Small-Scale LNG Plant." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1184.
Full textAbstract:
One-stage pre-cooled mixture refrigerant cycle can be applied in small-scale LNG plant and be special suitable for skit mounted LNG plant. It has different character with the C3MR cycle used in large-scale LNG plant. The optimization of the mixture refrigerant is carried out using HYSYS software. The effect of the main process parameters on the performance of the cycle is calculated and discussed. The result shows that appropriate ranges of the process parameters exist. Higher and lower values of the parameters will increase the energy consumption significantly. The results also indicate that the optimization of the one-stage pre-cooled mixture refrigerant cycle can obtain rather high energy efficiency that is competitive with that of the SMR which is widely employed in small-scale LNG plant.
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Cervilla, Luis M., Begoña Blasco, Juan J. Rios, Miguel A. Rosales, Eva Sánchez-Rodríguez, Maria M. Rubio-Wilhelmi, Luis Romero, and Juan M. Ruiz. "Parameters Symptomatic for Boron Toxicity in Leaves of Tomato Plants." Journal of Botany 2012 (May 9, 2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/726206.
Full textAbstract:
The incidence of boron (B) toxicity has risen in areas of intensive agriculture close to the Mediterranean sea. The objective of this research was to study the how B toxicity (0.5 and 2 mM B) affects the time course of different indicators of abiotic stress in leaves of two tomato genotypes having different sensitivity to B toxicity (cv. Kosaco and cv. Josefina). Under the treatments of 0.5 and 2 mM B, the tomato plants showed a loss of biomass and foliar area. At the same time, in the leaves of both cultivars, the B concentration increased rapidly from the first day of the experiment. These results were more pronounced in the cv. Josefina, indicating greater sensitivity than in cv. Kosaco with respect to excessive B in the environment. The levels of O2 •− and anthocyanins presented a higher correlation coefficient (r>0.9) than did the levels of B in the leaf, followed by other indicators of stress, such as GPX, chlorophyll b and proline (r>0.8). Our results indicate that these parameters could be used to evaluate the stress level as well as to develop models that could help prevent the damage inflicted by B toxicity in tomato plants.
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Obidjon Odinamakhmadovich Sattorov. "Rooting and development parameters of softwood cuttings of kiwifruit plant in different planting schemes." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 17, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 054–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.17.3.0348.
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This article reveals the results of experiments conducted to study the influence of the planting scheme on the viability of the varieties of kiwifruit plant introduced to our republic in their reproduction from softwood cuttings. The experiments were conducted on a special substrate in a microclimate-controlled facility. Hayward variety of the kiwifruit plant served as the object of study. Softwood cuttings of kiwifruit varieties were studied by planting in eight different schemes. The results of the study showed that the rooting of kiwifruit varieties from softwood cuttings was higher as the distance between them decreased. However, in terms of seedling yield per unit area, the planting schemes 10×20 and 15×15 cm were recommended in the production.
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Golan, Katarzyna, Inmaculada Garrido Jurado, Izabela Kot, Edyta Górska-Drabik, Katarzyna Kmieć, Bożena Łagowska, Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz, Marek Kopacki, and Agnieszka Jamiołkowska. "Defense Responses in the Interactions between Medicinal Plants from Lamiaceae Family and the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030438.
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This study aimed to determine the effects of plant species on the biological parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch and the time of mite infestation on plant physiology in Ocimum basilicum L., Melissa officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L. Mite infestation induced various levels of oxidative stress depending on plant species and the duration of infestation. Host plants affected T. urticae life table parameters. The low level of susceptibility was characteristic of S. officinalis, which appeared to be the least infected plant species and reduced mites demographic parameters. Infested leaves of S. officinalis contained elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to control. In addition, higher membrane lipid peroxidation and higher activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and lower activity of catalase (CAT) were recorded with a longer mite infestation. In contrast, O. basilicum appeared to be a suitable host on which T. urticae could develop and increase in number. In basil leaves, increasing levels of hydrogen peroxide and MDA with elevated GPX activity and strongly decreased catalase activity were recorded. Knowledge of the differences in mite susceptibility of the tested medicinal plants described in this study has the potential to be applied in breeding strategies and integrated T. urticae pest management in medicinal plant cultivations.
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Nagpal, Mohit, Rajesh Maithani, and Suresh Kumar. "Energetic & exergetic analysis of a parabolic trough: concentrated solar power plant." Acta Innovations, no. 40 (September 30, 2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.40.2.
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Solar energy is the most affordable source of energy. Parabolic trough systems are used to concentrate and extract heat, therefore it’s very significant to analyse its performance in terms of energy and exergy. Exergy based analysis of the system ensures the eradication of losses, resulting in the yield of energy of the highest quality. In this paper, an investigation has been carried out using numerical simulation with an objective of analysis of Parabolic Trough Collectors on the basis of energy and exergy. Detailed second law analysis has been performed by varying the system and operating parameters through computer simulation. Exergy output has been determined by analysing the effect of major system parameters, namely, mirror reflectivity, glass transmissivity, absorptivity, the diameter of glass envelop, and the receiver. The operating parameters considered in the investigation are insolation and temperature rise parameters. The extensive investigation of the parabolic trough of a concentrated solar power plant for various design parameters in the range of operating parameters reveals that it is beneficial to operate the system at higher temperature as opposed to the preference of the operating system at lower temperature from purely thermal considerations.