Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Higher order finite element'
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Oskooei, Saeid G. "A higher order finite element for sandwich plate analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0014/MQ34105.pdf.
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El-Esber, Lina. "Hierarchal higher order finite element modeling of periodic structures." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82483.
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Periodic structures play an important role in engineering since they allow the manipulation of the electromagnetic properties of certain materials. To design such structures and investigate their different properties, it is essential to use simulation techniques. Among the various methods that have been used traditionally, the finite element method offers great advantages. In this thesis, a three dimensional finite element method is used to obtain the band diagrams of periodic structures; hierarchal higher-order elements are employed, thereby opening up the possibility of goal oriented h-p adaptivity. The computed dispersion curves for doubly-periodic and triply-periodic metallic structures are presented and compared to previously published curves. The results confirm the accuracy of the finite element formulation developed in this thesis and its implementation. Further, the triply-periodic results support the case for using higher-order, less dense meshes rather than lower-order, more highly refined meshes; the doubly-periodic results are inconclusive.
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Wagner, Carlee F. "Improving shock-capturing robustness for higher-order finite element solvers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101498.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-91).
Simulation of high speed flows where shock waves play a significant role is still an area of development in computational fluid dynamics. Numerical simulation of discontinuities such as shock waves often suffer from nonphysical oscillations which can pollute the solution accuracy. Grid adaptation, along with shock-capturing methods such as artificial viscosity, can be used to resolve the shock by targeting the key flow features for grid refinement. This is a powerful tool, but cannot proceed without first converging on an initially coarse, unrefined mesh. These coarse meshes suffer the most from nonphysical oscillations, and many algorithms abort the solve process when detecting nonphysical values. In order to improve the robustness of grid adaptation on initially coarse meshes, this thesis presents methods to converge solutions in the presence of nonphysical oscillations. A high order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) framework is used to discretize Burgers' equation and the Euler equations. Dissipation-based globalization methods are investigated using both a pre-defined continuation schedule and a variable continuation schedule based on homotopy methods, and Burgers' equation is used as a test bed for comparing these continuation methods. For the Euler equations, a set of surrogate variables based on the primitive variables (density, velocity, and temperature) are developed to allow the convergence of solutions with nonphysical oscillations. The surrogate variables are applied to a flow with a strong shock feature, with and without continuation methods, to demonstrate their robustness in comparison to the primitive variables using physicality checks and pseudo-time continuation.
by Carlee F. Wagner.
S.M.
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Li, Ming-Sang. "Higher order laminated composite plate analysis by hybrid finite element method." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40145.
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Bonhaus, Daryl Lawrence. "A Higher Order Accurate Finite Element Method for Viscous Compressible Flows." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29458.
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The Streamline Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin (SU/PG) method is applied to higher-order
finite-element discretizations of the Euler equations in one dimension and the Navier-Stokes
equations in two dimensions. The unknown flow quantities are discretized on
meshes of triangular elements using triangular Bezier patches. The nonlinear residual
equations are solved using an approximate Newton method with a pseudotime term. The
resulting linear system is solved using the Generalized Minimum Residual algorithm with
block diagonal preconditioning.
The exact solutions of Ringleb flow and Couette flow are used to quantitatively
establish the spatial convergence rate of each discretization. Examples of inviscid flows
including subsonic flow past a parabolic bump on a wall and subsonic and transonic flows
past a NACA 0012 airfoil and laminar flows including flow past a a flat plate and flow past
a NACA 0012 airfoil are included to qualitatively evaluate the accuracy of the discretiza-tions.
The scheme achieves higher order accuracy without modification. Based on the test
cases presented, significant improvement of the solution can be expected using the higher-order
schemes with little or no increase in computational requirements. The nonlinear sys-tem
also converges at a higher rate as the order of accuracy is increased for the same num-ber
of degrees of freedom; however, the linear system becomes more difficult to solve.
Several avenues of future research based on the results of the study are identified, includ-ing
improvement of the SU/PG formulation, development of more general grid generation
strategies for higher order elements, the addition of a turbulence model to extend the
method to high Reynolds number flows, and extension of the method to three-dimensional
flows. An appendix is included in which the method is applied to inviscid flows in three
dimensions. The three-dimensional results are preliminary but consistent with the findings
based on the two-dimensional scheme.Ph. D.
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Garbin, Turpaud Fernando, and Pachas Ángel Alfredo Lévano. "Higher-order non-local finite element bending analysis of functionally graded." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626024.
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La teoría de vigas de Timoshenko TBT y una teoría de alto orden IFSDT son formuladas utilizando las ecuaciones constitutivas no locales de Eringen. Se utilizaron ecuaciones constitutivas en 3D en el modelo IFSDT. Se utilizó una variación del material con el uso de materiales funcionalmente graduados a lo largo del peralte de una viga de sección rectangular. El principio de trabajos virtuales utilizado y ejemplos numéricos fueron presentados para comparar ambas teorías de vigas.Timoshenko Beam Theory (TBT) and an Improved First Shear Deformation Theory (IFSDT) are reformulated using Eringen’s non-local constitutive equations. The use of 3D constitutive equation is presented in IFSDT. A material variation is made by the introduction of FGM power law in the elasticity modulus through the height of a rectangular section beam. The virtual work statement and numerical results are presented in order to compare both beam theories.
Tesis
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鍾偉昌 and Wai-cheong Chung. "Geometrically nonlinear analysis of plates using higher order finite elements." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207601.
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Chung, Wai-cheong. "Geometrically nonlinear analysis of plates using higher order finite elements /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12225022.
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Marais, Neilen. "Higher order hierarchal curvilinear triangular vector elements for the finite element method in computational electromagnetics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53447.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Finite Element Method (FEM) as applied to Computational Electromagnetics (CEM), can be used to solve a large class of Electromagnetics problems with high accuracy, and good computational efficiency. Computational efficiency can be improved by using element basis functions of higher order. If, however, the chosen element type is not able to accurately discretise the computational domain, the converse might be true. This paper investigates the application of elements with curved sides, and higher order basis functions, to computational domains with curved boundaries. It is shown that these elements greatly improve the computational efficiency of the FEM applied to such domains, as compared to using elements with straight sides, and/or low order bases.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Eindige Element Metode (EEM) kan breedvoerig op Numeriese Elektromagnetika toegepas word, met uitstekende akkuraatheid en 'n hoë doeltreffendheids vlak. Numeriese doeltreffendheid kan verbeter word deur van hoër orde element basisfunksies gebruik te maak. Indien die element egter nie die numeriese domein effektief kan diskretiseer nie, mag die omgekeerde geld. Hierdie tesis ondersoek die toepassing van elemente met geboë sye, en hoër orde basisfunksies, op numeriese domeine met geboë grense. Daar word getoon dat sulke elemente 'n noemenswaardinge verbetering in die numeriese doeltreffendheid van die EEM meebring, vergeleke met reguit- en/of laer-orde elemente.
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Couchman, Benjamin Luke Streatfield. "On the convergence of higher-order finite element methods to weak solutions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115685.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 77-79).
The ability to handle discontinuities appropriately is essential when solving nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs). Discrete solutions to the PDE must converge to weak solutions in order for the discontinuity propagation speed to be correct. As shown by the Lax-Wendroff theorem, one method to guarantee that convergence, if it occurs, will be to a weak solution is to use a discretely conservative scheme. However, discrete conservation is not a strict requirement for convergence to a weak solution. This suggests a hierarchy of discretizations, where discretely conservative schemes are a subset of the larger class of methods that converge to the weak solution. We show here that a range of finite element methods converge to the weak solution without using discrete conservation arguments. The effect of using quadrature rules to approximate integrals is also considered. In addition, we show that solutions using non-conservation working variables also converge to weak solutions.
by Benjamin Luke Streatfield Couchman.
S.M.
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Alon, Yair. "Analysis of thick composite plates using higher order three dimensional finite elements." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA243188.
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Thesis (M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering and Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineers Degree)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Kolar, Ramesh. Second Reader: Lindsey, G. H. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 30, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Thickness, stability, composite materials, laminates, theory, elastic properties, orientation(direction), composite structures, three dimensional, solutions(general), integration, plates, anisotropy, isotropism, convergence, thinness, behavior, nonlinear analysis, static tests, formulas(mathematics), lagrangian functions, fibers DTIC Identifier(s): Laminates, plates, structural response, composite structures, finite element analysis, nonlinear analysis, stress strain relations, theses, displacement, buckling, interpolation. Author(s) subject terms: Finite element, nonlinear analysis, plate bending thick plates, laminated composites, buckling, constant arc length three dimensional element Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88). Also available in print.
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Dubcová, Lenka. "Novel self-adaptive higher-order finite elements methods for Maxwell's equations of electromagnetics." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Lamichhane, Bishnu P. "Higher order mortar finite elements with dual Lagrange multiplier spaces and applications." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-26215.
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Bucalém, Miguel Luiz. "On higher-order mixed-interpolated general shell finite elements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60125.
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Pipilis, Konstantinos Georgiou. "Higher order moving finite element methods for systems described by partial differential-algebraic equations." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7510.
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Hamiche, Karim. "A high-order finite element model for acoustic propagation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/400677/.
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Sound propagation in complex non-uniform mean flows is an important research area for transport, building and power generation industries. Unsteady flows are responsible for noise generation in rotating and pulsating machines. Sound propagates in ducts and radiates through their openings. Duct discontinuities and complex flow effects on acoustic propagation need to be investigated. Although it provides accurate results, the most commonly used Computational AeroAcoustics propagation method, the full potential theory, does not describe the whole physics. Turbofan exhaust noise radiation involves strong refraction of the sound field occurring through jet shear layer, as well as interaction between the acoustic field and the vorticity/entropy waves. The Linearised Euler Equations are able to represent these effects. Solving these equations with time-domain solvers presents shortcomings such as linear instabilities and impedance modelling, which can be avoided by solving in the frequency domain. Nevertheless the classical Finite Element Method in frequency domain suffers from dispersion error and high memory requirements. These drawbacks are particularly critical at high frequencies and with the Linearised Euler Equations, which involve up to five unknowns. To circumvent these obstacles a novel approach is developed in this thesis, using a high-order Finite Element Method to solve the Linearised Euler Equations in the frequency domain. The model involves high-order polynomial shape functions with unstructured triangular meshes, numerical stabilisation and Perfectly Matched Layers. The computational effort is further optimised by coupling the Linearised Euler Equations in the regions of complex sheared mean flow with the Linearised Potential Equation in the regions of irrotational mean flow. The numerical model is applied to aeroengine acoustic propagation either by an intake or by an exhaust. Comparisons with analytic solutions demonstrate the method accuracy which properly represents the acoustic and vorticity waves, as well as the refraction of the sound field across the jet shear layer. The benefits in terms of memory requirements and computation time are significant in comparison to the standard low-order Finite Element Method, even more so with the coupling technique.
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Lu, Hongqiang. "High order finite element solution of elastohydrodynamic lubrication problems." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1341/.
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In this thesis, a high-order finite element scheme, based upon the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method, is introduced to solve one- and two-dimensional Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) problems (line contact and point contact). This thesis provides an introduction to elastohydrodynamic lubrication, including some history, and a description of the underlying mathematical model which is based upon a thin film approximation and a linear elastic model. Following this, typical nondimensionalizations of the equations are discussed, along with boundary conditions. Two families of problems are considered: line and point contacts. Following a review of existing numerical methods for EHL problems, a different numerical technique, known as the Discontinuous Galerkin method is described. This is motivated by the high accuracy requirement for the numerical simulation of EHL problems. This method is successfully applied to steady-state line contact problems. The free boundary is captured accurately using the moving-grid method and the penalty method respectively. Highly accurate numerical results are obtained at a low expense through the use of h-adaptivity methods based on discontinuity and high-order components respectively. Combined with the Crank-Nicolson method and other implicit schemes for the temporal discretization, highly accurate solutions are also obtained for transient line contact problems using the high order DG method for the spatial discretization. In particular, an extra pressure spike is captured, which is difficult to resolve when using low order schemes for spatial discretization. The extension of this high order DG method to the two-dimensional case (point contact) is straightforward. However, the computation in the two-dimensional case is more expensive due to the extra dimension. Hence p-multigrid is employed to improve the efficiency. Since the free boundary in the two-dimensional case is more complicated, only the penalty method is used to handle the cavitation condition. This thesis is ended with the conclusions and a discussion of future work.
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Quattrochi, Douglas J. (Douglas John). "Hypersonic heat transfer and anisotropic visualization with a higher order discontinuous Galerkin finite element method." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35567.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-89).
Higher order discretizations of the Navier-Stokes equations promise greater accuracy than conventional computational aerodynamics methods. In particular, the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method has O(hP+l) design accuracy and allows for subcell resolution of shocks. This work furthers the DG finite element method in two ways. First, it demonstrates the results of DG when used to predict heat transfer to a cylinder in a hypersonic flow. The strong shock is captured with a Laplacian artificial viscosity term. On average, the results are in agreement with an existing hypersonic benchmark. Second, this work improves the visualization of the higher order polynomial solutions generated by DG with an adaptive display algorithm. The new algorithm results in more efficient displays of higher order solutions, including the hypersonic flow solutions generated here.
by Douglas J. Quattrochi.
S.M.
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Sticko, Simon. "Towards higher order immersed finite elements for the wave equation." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för beräkningsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-301937.
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We consider solving the scalar wave equation using immersed finite elements. Such a method might be useful, for instance, in scattering problems when the geometry of the domain is not known a priori. For hyperbolic problems, the amount of computational work per dispersion error is generally lower when using higher order methods. This serves as motivation for considering a higher order immersed method. One problem in immersed methods is how to enforce boundary conditions. In the present work, boundary conditions are enforced weakly using Nitsche's method. This leads to a symmetric weak formulation, which is essential when solving the wave equation. Since the discrete system consists of symmetric matrices, having real eigenvalues, this ensures stability of the semi-discrete problem. In immersed methods, small intersections between the immersed domain and the elements of the background mesh make the system ill-conditioned. This ill-conditioning becomes increasingly worse when using higher order elements. Here, we consider resolving this issue using additional stabilization terms. These terms consist of jumps in higher order derivatives acting on the internal faces of the elements intersected by the boundary.eSSENCE
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Marrett, Sean 1960. "A high-order finite element method for Tokamak plasma equilibria /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56809.
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A numerical method for the solution of the axisymmetric, free-boundary, Tokamak equilibrium problem is described. The method uses high-order polynomials defined over a mesh of triangular finite elements to solve the magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium (Grad-Shafranov) equation. Arbitrary coil and plasma current configurations can be specified. The formulation incorporates a nonlinear procedure for computing the coil currents required to place the plasma in a desired position. The solution to the nonlinear Grad-Shafranov equation is computed using a modified Newton's method. The inner-most system of sparse, linear equations is solved using a preconditioned, conjugate gradient algorithm. A computer program, PLEQUI (PLasma EQUIlibrium), was written in a portable FORTRAN dialect to implement the method. The method was tested using both fixed-boundary and free-boundary plasma problems. The program was validated by comparing the results to analytic solutions, by examining the flux plots, or by comparing the solution to the output of another finite-element code.
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Marais, Neilen. "Efficient high-order time domain finite element methods in electromagnetics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1499.
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Thesis (DEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.The Finite Element Method (FEM) as applied to Computational Electromagnetics (CEM), can beused to solve a large class of Electromagnetics problems with high accuracy and good computational efficiency. For solving wide-band problems time domain solutions are often preferred; while time domain FEM methods are feasible, the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method is more commonly applied. The FDTD is popular both for its efficiency and its simplicity. The efficiency of the FDTD stems from the fact that it is both explicit (i.e. no matrices need to be solved) and second order accurate in both time and space. The FDTD has limitations when dealing with certain geometrical shapes and when electrically large structures are analysed. The former limitation is caused by stair-casing in the geometrical modelling, the latter by accumulated dispersion error throughout the mesh. The FEM can be seen as a general mathematical framework describing families of concrete numerical method implementations; in fact the FDTD can be described as a particular FETD (Finite Element Time Domain) method. To date the most commonly described FETD CEM methods make use of unstructured, conforming meshes and implicit time stepping schemes. Such meshes deal well with complex geometries while implicit time stepping is required for practical numerical stability. Compared to the FDTD, these methods have the advantages of computational efficiency when dealing with complex geometries and the conceptually straight forward extension to higher orders of accuracy. On the downside, they are much more complicated to implement and less computationally efficient when dealing with regular geometries. The FDTD and implicit FETD have been combined in an implicit/explicit hybrid. By using the implicit FETD in regions of complex geometry and the FDTD elsewhere the advantages of both are combined. However, previous work only addressed mixed first order (i.e. second order accurate) methods. For electrically large problems or when very accurate solutions are required, higher order methods are attractive. In this thesis a novel higher order implicit/explicit FETD method of arbitrary order in space is presented. A higher order explicit FETD method is implemented using Gauss-Lobatto lumping on regular Cartesian hexahedra with central differencing in time applied to a coupled Maxwell’s equation FEM formulation. This can be seen as a spatially higher order generalisation of the FDTD. A convolution-free perfectly matched layer (PML) method is adapted from the FDTD literature to provide mesh termination. A curl conforming hybrid mesh allowing the interconnection of arbitrary order tetrahedra and hexahedra without using intermediate pyramidal or prismatic elements is presented. An unconditionally stable implicit FETD method is implemented using Newmark-Beta time integration and the standard curl-curl FEM formulation. The implicit/explicit hybrid is constructed on the hybrid hexahedral/tetrahedral mesh using the equivalence between the coupled Maxwell’s formulation with central differences and the Newmark-Beta method with Beta = 0 and the element-wise implicitness method. The accuracy and efficiency of this hybrid is numerically demonstrated using several test-problems.
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Gersbacher, Christoph [Verfasser], and Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Kröner. "Higher-order discontinuous finite element methods and dynamic model adaptation for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136263853/34.
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Ben, Romdhane Mohamed. "Higher-Degree Immersed Finite Elements for Second-Order Elliptic Interface Problems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39258.
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A wide range of applications involve interface problems. In most of the cases, mathematical modeling of these interface problems leads to partial differential equations with non-smooth or discontinuous inputs and solutions, especially across material interfaces. Different numerical methods have been developed to solve these kinds of problems and handle the non-smooth behavior of the input data and/or the solution across the interface. The main focus of our work is the immersed finite element method to obtain optimal numerical solutions for interface problems.
In this thesis, we present piecewise quadratic immersed finite element (IFE) spaces that are used with an immersed finite element (IFE) method with interior penalty (IP) for solving two-dimensional second-order elliptic interface problems without requiring the mesh to be aligned with the material interfaces. An analysis of the constructed IFE spaces and their dimensions is presented. Shape functions of Lagrange and hierarchical types are constructed for these spaces, and a proof for the existence is established. The interpolation errors in the proposed piecewise quadratic spaces yield optimal O(h³) and O(h²) convergence rates, respectively, in the L² and broken H¹ norms under mesh refinement. Furthermore, numerical results are presented to validate our theory and show the optimality of our quadratic IFE method.
Our approach in this thesis is, first, to establish a theory for the simplified case of a linear interface. After that, we extend the framework to quadratic interfaces. We, then, describe a general procedure for handling arbitrary interfaces occurring in real physical practical applications and present computational examples showing the optimality of the proposed method. Furthermore, we investigate a general procedure for extending our quadratic IFE spaces to p-th degree and construct hierarchical shape functions for p=3.Ph. D.
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Barrera, Cruz Jorge Luis. "A Hierarchical Interface-enriched Finite Element Method for the Simulation of Problems with Complex Morphologies." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430838711.
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Aghabarati, Ali. "Multilevel and algebraic multigrid methods for the higher order finite element analysis of time harmonic Maxwell's equations." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121485.
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The Finite Element Method (FEM) applied to wave scattering and quasi-static vector field problems in the frequency domain leads to sparse, complex-symmetric, linear systems of equations. For large problems with complicated geometries, most of the computer time and memory used by FEM goes to solving the matrix equation. Krylov subspace methods are widely used iterative methods for solving large sparse systems. They depend heavily on preconditioning to accelerate convergence. However, application of conventional preconditioners to the "curl-curl" operator which arises in vector electromagnetics does not result in a satisfactory performance and specialized preconditioning techniques are required. This thesis presents effective Multilevel and Algebraic Multigrid (AMG) preconditioning techniques for p-adaptive FEM analysis. In p-adaption, finite elements of different polynomial orders are present in the mesh and the system matrix can be structured into blocks corresponding to the orders of the basis functions. The new preconditioners are based on a p-type multilevel Schwarz (pMUS) approximate inversion of the block structured system. A V-cycle multilevel correction starts by applying Gauss-Seidel to the highest block level, then the next level down, and so on. On the other side of the V, Gauss-Seidel iterations are applied in the reverse order. At the bottom of the cycle is the lowest order system, which is usually solved exactly with a direct solver. The proposed alternative is to use Auxiliary Space Preconditioning (ASP) at the lowest level and continue the V-cycle downwards, first into a set of auxiliary, node-based spaces, then through a series of progressively smaller matrices generated by an Algebraic Multigrid (AMG). The algebraic coarsening approach is especially useful for problems with fine geometric details, requiring a very large mesh in which the bulk of the elements remain at low order. In addition, for wave problems, a "shifted Laplace" technique is applied, in which part of the ASP/AMG algorithm uses a perturbed, complex frequency. A significant convergence acceleration is achieved. The performance of Krylov algorithms is further enhanced during p-adaption by incorporation of a deflation technique. This projects out from the preconditioned system the eigenvectors corresponding to the smallest eigenvalues. The construction of the deflation subspace is based on efficient estimation of the eigenvectors from information obtained when solving the first problem in a p-adaptive sequence. Extensive numerical experiments have been performed and results are presented for both wave and quasi-static problems. The test cases considered are complicated to solve and the numerical results show the robustness and efficiency of the new preconditioners. Deflated Krylov methods preconditioned with the current Multilevel/ASP/AMG approach are always considerably faster than the reference methods and speedups of up to 10 are achieved for some test problems.La méthode des éléments finis (FEM) appliquée à la dispersion des ondes et aux problèmes de champ de vecteurs quasi-statique dans le domaine fréquentiel mène à des systèmes d'équations linéaires rares, symétriques-complexes. Pour de grands problèmes ayant des géométries complexes, la plupart du temps et de la mémoire d'ordinateur utilisé par FEM va à la résolution de l'équation de la matrice. Les méthodes itératives de Krylov sont celles largement utilisées dans la résolution de grands systèmes creux. Elles dépendent fortement des préconditionnement qui accélèrent la convergence. Toutefois, l'application de préconditionnements conventionnels à l'opérateur "rot-rot" qui surgit en électromagnétisme vectoriel n'aboutit pas à des résultats satisfaisants et des techniques de préconditionnement spécialisés sont exigées.Cette thèse présente des techniques de préconditionnement efficaces multiniveau et multigrilles algébrique (AMG) pour l'analyse p-adaptative FEM. Dans la p-adaptation, des éléments finis de différents ordres polynomiaux sont présents dans le maillage et la matrice du système peut être structurée en blocs correspondant aux ordres des fonctions de base. Les nouveaux préconditionneurs sont basés sur un type d'inversion approximative à multiniveau p Schwarz (pMUS) du système structuré de bloc. Une correction à niveaux multiples en cycle V débute par l'application de Gauss-Seidel au niveau du bloc le plus élevé, suivi par le niveau inférieur, et ainsi de suite. De l'autre côté du V, des itérations de Gauss-Seidel sont appliquées en ordre inverse. Au bas du cycle se trouve le système d'ordre le plus bas, qui est habituellement résolu exactement avec un solveur direct. L'alternative proposée est d'utiliser l'espace auxiliaire de préconditionnement (ASP) au niveau le plus bas et de poursuivre le cycle en V vers le bas, d'abord en un ensemble d'auxiliaires, basé sur les espacements de nœuds, à travers une série de plus en plus petites de matrices générées par un multigrille algébrique (AMG). L'approche de grossissement algébrique est particulièrement utile aux problèmes ayant de fins détails géométriques, nécessitant une très grande maille dans laquelle la majeure partie des éléments restent à un niveau plus bas.En outre, pour des problèmes d'onde, la technique "décalé Laplace" est appliquée, dans laquelle une partie de l'algorithme ASP/AMG utilise une fréquence complexe perturbée. Une accélération de la convergence significative est atteinte. La performance des algorithmes de Krylov est davantage renforcée au cours du p-adaptation par l'incorporation d'une technique de déflation. Cette saillie fait dépasser hors du système préconditionné, les vecteurs propres correspondants aux plus petites valeurs propres. La construction du sous-espace de déflation est basée sur une estimation efficace des vecteurs propres à partir d'informations obtenues lors de la résolution du premier problème dans une séquence p-adaptatif. Des expériences numériques approfondies ont été effectuées et les résultats sont présentés à la fois aux problèmes d'onde et quasi-statiques. Les cas de test sont considérés comme compliqués à résoudre et les résultats numériques montrent la robustesse et l'efficacité des nouveaux préconditionnements. Les méthodes de Krylov de déflation préconditionnés par l'approche multiniveaux/ASP/AMG actuelle sont toujours considérablement plus rapides que les méthodes de référence et des accélérations allant jusqu'à 10 sont atteintes pour certains problèmes de test.
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Barter, Garrett E. (Garrett Ehud) 1979. "Shock capturing with PDE-based artificial viscosity for an adaptive, higher-order discontinuous Galerkin finite element method." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44931.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-143).
The accurate simulation of supersonic and hypersonic flows is well suited to higher-order (p > 1), adaptive computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Since these cases involve flow velocities greater than the speed of sound, an appropriate shock capturing for higher-order, adaptive methods is necessary. Artificial viscosity can be combined with a higher-order discontinuous Galerkin finite element discretization to resolve a shock layer within a single cell. However, when a nonsmooth artificial viscosity model is employed with an otherwise higher-order approximation, element-to-element variations induce oscillations in state gradients and pollute the downstream flow. To alleviate these difficulties, this work proposes a new, higher-order, state based artificial viscosity with an associated governing partial differential equation (PDE). In the governing PDE, the shock sensor acts as a forcing term, driving the artificial viscosity to a non-zero value where it is necessary. The decay rate of the higher-order solution modes and edge-based jumps are both shown to be reliable shock indicators. This new approach leads to a smooth, higher-order representation of the artificial viscosity that evolves in time with the solution. For applications involving the Navier-Stokes equations, an artificial dissipation operator that preserves total enthalpy is introduced. The combination of higher-order, PDE-based artificial viscosity and enthalpy-preserving dissipation operator is shown to overcome the disadvantages of the non-smooth artificial viscosity. The PDE-based artificial viscosity can be used in conjunction with an automated grid adaptation framework that minimizes the error of an output functional. Higher-order solutions are shown to reach strict engineering tolerances with fewer degrees of freedom.
(cont.) The benefit in computational efficiency for higher-order solutions is less dramatic in the vicinity of the shock where errors scale with O(h/p). This includes the near-field pressure signals necessary for sonic boom prediction. When applied to heat transfer prediction on unstructured meshes in hypersonic flows, the PDE-based artificial viscosity is less susceptible to errors introduced by poor shock-grid alignment. Surface heating can also drive the output-based grid adaptation framework to arrive at the same heat transfer distribution as a well-designed structured mesh.
by Garrett Ehud Barter.
Ph.D.
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Moura, Rodrigo Costa. "A high-order unstructured discontinuous galerkin finite element method for aerodynamics." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2012. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2158.
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The present thesis discuss in a didactic and detailed way the high-order scheme known as the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method, with special focus on applications in aerodynamics. The theoretical formulation of the method is presented in one and two dimensions with great depth, being properly discussed issues of convergence, basis functions, interelement communication, boundary conditions, shock treatment, as well as inviscid and viscous numerical fluxes. As part of this effort, a parallel computer code was developed to simulate the Euler equations of gas dynamics in two dimensions with general boundary conditions over unstructured meshes of triangles. Numerical simulations are addressed in order to demonstrate the characteristics of the Discontinuous Galerkin scheme, as well as to validate the developed solver. It is worth mentioning that the present work can be regarded as new within the Brazilian scientific community and, as such, may be of great importance concerning the introduction of the DG method for Brazilian CFD researchers and practitioners.
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Rogers, Craig A. "An axisymmetric linear/high-order finite element for filament wound composite structures." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52316.
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The development of an axisymmetric linear by high-order finite element to model filament-wound structures is presented. The primary objective of this work was to develop a ’design code' to analyze filament wound spherical pressure vessels. In order to develop a design-oriented analysis capability which can produce accurate results rather quickly with reduced input-data requirements, the total number of system equations must be reduced. To accomplish this task, a linear by high-order element was formulated which uses a single high-order displacement field finite element to model the total thickness of an axisymmetric composite structure. The displacement order for the in-plane direction remains linear, while the transverse order is user selectable. Numerical integration for stiffnesses is evaluated with respect to varying material properties and lamirna thicknesses in each individual element. Results from a computational economy study are presented showing potential time savings of 40 percent when compared to the conventional modeling scheme of using bi-linear elements. Actual test cases indicate that computation time savings may be as great as 55 percent when using linear by fourth-order elements and 45 percent when using linear by sixth-order elements. The accuracy of the element was evaluated by comparing the finite element results to elasticity solutions for isotropic, orthotropic, and filament-wound cylindrical pressure vessels. Most of the finite element results indicated a ±3 percent maximum error of the stresses compared to the elasticity results. The new linear by high order element stress results were nominally within ±2 percent of stresses calculated with conventional bilinear elements. Comparisons of finite element results for an actual filament-wound spherical pressure vessel slowed that linear by third- or fourth-order elements may be adequate for preliminary design purposes while the higher-order elements generally correlated better with the conventional bi-linear elements. Also presented is an outline of the design code and sample results for spherically wound pressure vessels.Ph. D.
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Ellis, Truman Everett. "High Order Finite Elements for Lagrangian Computational Fluid Dynamics." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/282.
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A general finite element method is presented to solve the Euler equations in a Lagrangian reference frame. This FEM framework allows for separate arbitrarily high order representation of kinematic and thermodynamic variables. An accompanying hydrodynamics code written in Matlab is presented as a test-bed to experiment with various basis function choices. A wide range of basis function pairs are postulated and a few choices are developed further, including the bi-quadratic Q2-Q1d and Q2-Q2d elements. These are compared with a corresponding pair of low order bi-linear elements, traditional Q1-Q0 and sub-zonal pressure Q1-Q1d. Several test problems are considered including static convergence tests, the acoustic wave hourglass test, the Sod shocktube, the Noh implosion problem, the Saltzman piston, and the Sedov explosion problem. High order methods are found to offer faster convergence properties, the ability to represent curved zones, sharper shock capturing, and reduced shock-mesh interaction. They also allow for the straightforward calculation of thermodynamic gradients (for multi-physics calculations) and second derivatives of velocity (for monotonic slope limiters), and are more computationally efficient. The issue of shock ringing remains unresolved, but the method of hyperviscosity has been identified as a promising means of addressing this. Overall, the curvilinear finite elements presented in this thesis show promise for integration in a full hydrodynamics code and warrant further consideration.
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Santos, Caio Fernando Rodrigues dos 1986. "Orthogonal and minimum energy high-order bases for the finite element method = Bases ortogonais de alta ordem e de mínima energia para o método de elementos finitos." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265837.
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Orientador: Marco Lúcio BittencourtTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: Nesse trabalho apresentamos os procedimentos de construção de bases para o Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF) de alta ordem considerando o procedimento de diagonalização simultânea dos modos internos da matriz de massa e rigidez unidimensionais e a ortogonalização dos modos de contorno usando procedimentos de mínima energia. Nesse caso, os conceitos de ortogonalização de mínima energia são usados como uma maneira eficiente de se construir modos de contorno ortogonais aos modos internos das funções de forma $1D$. Novas funções de forma unidimensionais para o MEF de alta ordem são apresentadas para a construção de bases simultaneamente diagonais de mínima energia para o operador de Helmholtz. Além disso, um procedimento para o cálculo das matrizes de massa e rigidez $2D$ e $3D$, como combinação dos coeficientes unidimensionais das matrizes de massa, rigidez e mista é apresentado para elementos quadrilaterais e hexaédricos distorcidos em problemas de projeção, Poisson, estado plano e estado geral em problemas de elasticidade linear. O uso de procedimentos via matrizes unidimensionais permite obter um speedup significativo em comparação com o procedimento padrão, para malhas distorcidas e não distorcidas. Com esse procedimento, é possível armazenar apenas as funções de forma unidimensionais e suas derivadas calculadas nos pontos de integração unidimensionais gerando uma redução no consumo de memória. O desempenho das bases propostas foi verificado através de testes numéricos e os resultados comparados com aqueles usando a base padrão com polinômios de Jacobi. Características como esparsidade, condicionamento numérico e número de iterações usando o método dos gradientes conjugados com precondicionador diagonal também são investigados. Além disso, investigamos o uso da matriz de massa local, utilizando bases simultaneamente diagonais de mínima energia, como pré-condicionador. Os resultados foram comparados com o uso do precondicionador diagonal e SSOR (Symmetric Successive Over Relaxation)
Abstract: In this work we present construction procedures of bases for the high-order finite element method (FEM) considering a procedures for the simultaneous diagonalization of the internal modes of the one-dimensional mass and stiffness matrices and orthogonalization of the boundary modes using minimum energy procedure. The concepts of minimum energy orthogonalization are used efficiently to construct one-dimensional boundary modes orthogonal to the internal modes of the shape functions. New one-dimensional bases for the high-order FEM are presented for the construction of the simultaneously diagonal and minimum energy basis for the Helmholtz norm. Furthermore, we present a calculation procedure for the $2D$ and $3D$ mass and stiffness matrices, as the combination of one-dimensional coefficients of the mass, stiffness and Jacobian matrices. This procedure is presented for quadrilateral and hexahedral distorted elements in projection, Poisson, plane state and general linear elasticity problems. The use of the one-dimensional matrices procedure allows a significant speedup compared to the standard procedure for distorted and undistorted meshes. Also, this procedure stores only one-dimensional shape functions and their derivatives calculated using one-dimensional integration points, which generates a reduction in memory consumption. The performance of the proposed bases was verified by numerical tests and the results are compared with those using the standard basis using Jacobi polynomials. Sparsity patterns, condition numbers and number of iterations using the conjugate gradient methods with diagonal preconditioner are also investigated. Furthermore, we investigated the use of the local mass matrix using simultaneously diagonal and minimum energy bases as preconditioner to solve the system of equations. The results are compared with the diagonal preconditioner and Symmetric Successive Over Relaxation (SSOR)
Doutorado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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McIvor, James David Colin. "The analysis of dynamically loaded flexible journal bearings using higher-order finite elements." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1988. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-analysis-of-dynamically-loaded-flexible-journal-bearings-using-higherorder-finite-elements(8cb1e4bc-41a7-4a66-bf72-5b5e93668509).html.
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An efficient and robust predictive technique has been developed for the analysis of dynamically loaded, flexible journal bearings using the finite element method. The work is in two parts. In the first part a fast predictive technique is developed for the analysis of dynamically loaded, rigid journal bearings. The finite element formulation of Reynolds equation is presented using both 3-node triangular and 8-node isoparamteric elements to model the lubricant film. The latter are shown to approximate the problem more closely using fewer nodal points and hence requiring fewer equations. The Gauss-Seidel over-relaxation method is used to solve the resulting system equations and the sparseness of these equations is exploited. Comprehensive results are presented for the Ruston and Hornsby 6VEB Mk ifi marine diesel engine connecting rod bearing. Two different time stepping methods are considered and the effects of incorporating various oil feed features in the analysis are also presented. The second part of the work deals with the flexible bearing problem. The method of carrying out the structural modelling and the way in which the structural compliance relationships are obtained is described. A fast matrix inversion technique used to obtain these relationships is also described. Based on the rigid bearing work 8-node isoparametric elements are used to model the lubricant film. Two methods are presented for coupling the structural and lubrication analysis. The first method, the under-relaxation method, although proving straightforward to implement is shown to be unsatisfactory for this particular problem due to to convegnence problems. The second method is the Newton-Raphson method which is shown to be highly convergent. The Newton-Raphson method is subsequently highly modified to produce a fast solution method. This is shown to be several orders of magnitude faster than any previously developed method making this technique viable as a general design tool rather than just providing benchmarks against which to compare simpler analysis techniques. Again results are presented for the Ruston bearing showing the effect upon the predicted performance of incorporating elasticity into the analysis.
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Jin, Si. "Structural damage detection using higher-order finite elements and a scanning laser vibrometer /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974641.
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Franke, David [Verfasser]. "Investigation of mechanical contact problems with high-order Finite Element Methods / David Franke." Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1067734902/34.
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Al-Shanfari, Fatima. "High-order in time discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods for linear wave equations." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15332.
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In this thesis we analyse the high-order in time discontinuous Galerkin nite element method (DGFEM) for second-order in time linear abstract wave equations. Our abstract approximation analysis is a generalisation of the approach introduced by Claes Johnson (in Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 107:117-129, 1993), writing the second order problem as a system of fi rst order problems. We consider abstract spatial (time independent) operators, highorder in time basis functions when discretising in time; we also prove approximation results in case of linear constraints, e.g. non-homogeneous boundary data. We take the two steps approximation approach i.e. using high-order in time DGFEM; the discretisation approach in time introduced by D Schötzau (PhD thesis, Swiss Federal institute of technology, Zürich, 1999) to fi rst obtain the semidiscrete scheme and then conformal spatial discretisation to obtain the fully-discrete formulation. We have shown solvability, unconditional stability and conditional a priori error estimates within our abstract framework for the fully discretized problem. The skew-symmetric spatial forms arising in our abstract framework for the semi- and fully-discrete schemes do not full ll the underlying assumptions in D. Schötzau's work. But the semi-discrete and fully discrete forms satisfy an Inf-sup condition, essential for our proofs; in this sense our approach is also a generalisation of D. Schötzau's work. All estimates are given in a norm in space and time which is weaker than the Hilbert norm belonging to our abstract function spaces, a typical complication in evolution problems. To the best of the author's knowledge, with the approximation approach we used, these stability and a priori error estimates with their abstract structure have not been shown before for the abstract variational formulation used in this thesis. Finally we apply our abstract framework to the acoustic and an elasto-dynamic linear equations with non-homogeneous Dirichlet boundary data.
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Bagwell, Scott G. "A high order finite element coupled multi-physics approach to MRI scanner design." Thesis, Swansea University, 2018. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa40797.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners are becoming increasingly popular with many clinical experts for use in both medical research and clinical imaging of patients, due to their ability to perform high-resolution non-intrusive imaging examinations. Recently, however, there has been an increasing demand for higher resolution scanners that are capable of performing quicker scans with increased patient comfort. With this demand for more advanced MRI systems, there also follows a number of challenges facing designers. Understanding the physical phenomena behind MRI is crucial in the development of scanners that are capable of producing accurate images of the patient with maximum comfort and minimal noise signatures. MRI scanners utilise strong static magnetic fields coupled with rapidly time varying gradient magnetic fields to generate images of the patient. In the presence of these time varying fields, the conducting components of MRI scanners generate eddy currents, which give rise to Lorentz forces and cause the conductors to vibrate. These vibrations cause acoustic waves to form that propagate through the air and result in audible noise which can cause significant discomfort for the patient. They also generate Lorentz currents which feedback into the electromagnetic field and this process results in a fully coupled non-linear acousto-magneto-mechanical system. The determination of the coupling mechanisms involved in such a system is a nontrivial task and so, in order to understand the behaviour of MRI systems during operation, advanced computational tools and techniques are required. Moreover, there exists certain small scale physical phenomena that arise in the coupled system which require high resolutions to obtain accurate results. In this thesis, a new computational framework for the treatment of acoustomagneto-mechanical coupling that arises in low-frequency electro-magneto-mechanical systems, such as MRI scanners, is proposed. The transient Newton-Raphson strategy involves the solution of a monolithic system, obtained from the linearisation of the coupled system of equations and two approaches are considered: (i) the linearised approach and (ii) the non-linear approach. In (i), physically motivated by the excitation from static and time varying current sources of MRI scanners, the fields may be split into a dominant static component and a much smaller dynamic component. The resulting linearised system is obtained by performing the linearisation of the fields about this dominant static component. This approach permits solutions in the frequency domain, for understanding the response of MRI systems under various excitations, and provides a computationally efficient way to solve this challenging problem, as it allows the tangent stiffness matrix to be inverted independently of time or frequency. In (ii), there is no approximation from a physical standpoint and the linearization is performed about the current solution. This approach requires that solutions are obtained in the time domain and thus the focus is then put on transient solutions to the coupled system of equations to address the following two important questions: 1) How good is the agreement between the computationally efficient linearised approach compared with the intensive non-linear approach?; and 2) Over what range of MRI operating conditions can the linearised approach be expected to provide acceptable results for MRI scanner design? Motivated by the need to solve industrial problems rapidly, solutions will be restricted to problems consisting of axisymmetric geometries and current sources. This treatment also discusses, in detail, the computational requirements for the solution of these coupled problems on unbounded domains and the accurate discretisation of the fields using hp-finite elements. A set of academic and industrially relevant examples are studied to benchmark and illustrate both approaches, in a hp- finite element context, as well as performing rigorous comparisons between the approaches.
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Sevilla, Cárdenas Rubén. "NURBS-Enhanced Finite Element Method (NEFEM)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5857.
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Aquesta tesi proposa una millora del clàssic mètode dels elements finits (finite element method, FEM) per a un tractament eficient de dominis amb contorns corbs: el denominat NURBS-enhanced finite element method (NEFEM). Aquesta millora permet descriure de manera exacta la geometría mitjançant la seva representació del contorn CAD amb non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS), mentre que la solució s'aproxima amb la interpolació polinòmica estàndard. Per tant, en la major part del domini, la interpolació i la integració numèrica són estàndard, retenint les propietats de convergència clàssiques del FEM i facilitant l'acoblament amb els elements interiors. Només es requereixen estratègies específiques per realitzar la interpolació i la integració numèrica en elements afectats per la descripció del contorn mitjançant NURBS.La implementació i aplicació de NEFEM a problemes que requereixen una descripció acurada del contorn són, també, objectius prioritaris d'aquesta tesi. Per exemple, la solució numèrica de les equacions de Maxwell és molt sensible a la descripció geomètrica. Es presenta l'aplicació de NEFEM a problemes d'scattering d'ones electromagnètiques amb una formulació de Galerkin discontinu. S'investiga l'habilitat de NEFEM per obtenir solucions precises amb malles grolleres i aproximacions d'alt ordre, i s'exploren les possibilitats de les anomenades malles NEFEM, amb elements que contenen singularitats dintre d'una cara o aresta d'un element. Utilitzant NEFEM, la mida de la malla no està controlada per la complexitat de la geometria. Això implica una dràstica diferència en la mida dels elements i, per tant, suposa un gran estalvi tant des del punt de vista de requeriments de memòria com de cost computacional. Per tant, NEFEM és una eina poderosa per la simulació de problemes tridimensionals a gran escala amb geometries complexes. D'altra banda, la simulació de problemes d'scattering d'ones electromagnètiques requereix mecanismes per aconseguir una absorció eficient de les ones scattered. En aquesta tesi es discuteixen, optimitzen i comparen dues tècniques en el context de mètodes de Galerkin discontinu amb aproximacions d'alt ordre.
La resolució numèrica de les equacions d'Euler de la dinàmica de gasos és també molt sensible a la representació geomètrica. Quan es considera una formulació de Galerkin discontinu i elements isoparamètrics lineals, una producció espúria d'entropia pot evitar la convergència cap a la solució correcta. Amb NEFEM, l'acurada imposició de la condició de contorn en contorns impenetrables proporciona resultats precisos inclús amb una aproximació lineal de la solució. A més, la representació exacta del contorn permet una imposició adequada de les condicions de contorn amb malles grolleres i graus d'interpolació alts. Una propietat atractiva de la implementació proposada és que moltes de les rutines usuals en un codi d'elements finits poden ser aprofitades, per exemple rutines per realitzar el càlcul de les matrius elementals, assemblatge, etc. Només és necessari implementar noves rutines per calcular les quadratures numèriques en elements corbs i emmagatzemar el valor de les funciones de forma en els punts d'integració. S'han proposat vàries tècniques d'elements finits corbs a la literatura. En aquesta tesi, es compara NEFEM amb altres tècniques populars d'elements finits corbs (isoparamètics, cartesians i p-FEM), des de tres punts de vista diferents: aspectes teòrics, implementació i eficiència numèrica. En els exemples numèrics, NEFEM és, com a mínim, un ordre de magnitud més precís comparat amb altres tècniques. A més, per una precisió desitjada NEFEM és també més eficient: necessita un 50% dels graus de llibertat que fan servir els elements isoparamètrics o p-FEM per aconseguir la mateixa precisió. Per tant, l'ús de NEFEM és altament recomanable en presència de contorns corbs i/o quan el contorn té detalls geomètrics complexes.
This thesis proposes an improvement of the classical finite element method (FEM) for an efficient treatment of curved boundaries: the NURBSenhanced FEM (NEFEM). It is able to exactly represent the geometry by means of the usual CAD boundary representation with non-uniform rational Bsplines (NURBS), while the solution is approximated with a standard piecewise polynomial interpolation. Therefore, in the vast majority of the domain, interpolation and numerical integration are standard, preserving the classical finite element (FE) convergence properties, and allowing a seamless coupling with standard FEs on the domain interior. Specifically designed polynomial interpolation and numerical integration are designed only for those elements affected by the NURBS boundary representation.
The implementation and application of NEFEM to problems demanding an accurate boundary representation are also primary goals of this thesis. For instance, the numerical solution of Maxwell's equations is highly sensitive to geometry description. The application of NEFEM to electromagnetic scattering problems using a discontinuous Galerkin formulation is presented. The ability of NEFEM to compute an accurate solution with coarse meshes and high-order approximations is investigated, and the possibilities of NEFEM meshes, with elements containing edge or corner singularities, are explored. With NEFEM, the mesh size is no longer subsidiary to geometry complexity, and depends only on the accuracy requirements on the solution, whereas standard FEs require mesh refinement to properly capture the geometry. This implies a drastic difference in mesh size that results in drastic memory savings, and also important savings in computational cost. Thus, NEFEM is a powerful tool for large-scale scattering simulations with complex geometries in three dimensions. Another key issue in the numerical solution of electromagnetic scattering problems is using a mechanism to perform the absorption of outgoing waves. Two perfectly matched layers are discussed, optimized and compared in a high-order discontinuous Galerkin framework.
The numerical solution of Euler equations of gas dynamics is also very sensitive to geometry description. Using a discontinuous Galerkin formulation and linear isoparametric elements, a spurious entropy production may prevent convergence to the correct solution. With NEFEM, the exact imposition of the solid wall boundary condition provides accurate results even with a linear approximation of the solution. Furthermore, the exact boundary representation allows using coarse meshes, but ensuring the proper implementation of the solid wall boundary condition. An attractive feature of the proposed implementation is that the usual routines of a standard FE code can be directly used, namely routines for the computation of elemental matrices and vectors, assembly, etc. It is only necessary to implement new routines for the computation of numerical quadratures in curved elements and to store the value of shape functions at integration points.
Several curved FE techniques have been proposed in the literature. In this thesis, NEFEM is compared with some popular curved FE techniques (namely isoparametric FEs, cartesian FEs and p-FEM), from three different perspectives: theoretical aspects, implementation and performance. In every example shown, NEFEM is at least one order of magnitude more accurate compared to other techniques. Moreover, for a desired accuracy NEFEM is also computationally more efficient. In some examples, NEFEM needs only 50% of the number of degrees of freedom required by isoparametric FEs or p-FEM. Thus, the use of NEFEM is strongly recommended in the presence of curved boundaries and/or when the boundary of the domain has complex geometric details.
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Sato, Fernando Massami. "Numerical experiments with stable versions of the Generalized Finite Element Method." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-16102017-101710/.
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The Generalized Finite Element Method (GFEM) is essentially a partition of unity based method (PUM) that explores the Partition of Unity (PoU) concept to match a set of functions chosen to efficiently approximate the solution locally. Despite its well-known advantages, the method may present some drawbacks. For instance, increasing the approximation space through enrichment functions may introduce linear dependences in the solving system of equations, as well as the appearance of blending elements. To address the drawbacks pointed out above, some improved versions of the GFEM were developed. The Stable GFEM (SGFEM) is a first version hereby considered in which the GFEM enrichment functions are modified. The Higher Order SGFEM proposes an additional modification for generating the shape functions attached to the enriched patch. This research aims to present and numerically test these new versions recently proposed for the GFEM. In addition to highlighting its main features, some aspects about the numerical integration when using the higher order SGFEM, in particular are also addressed. Hence, a splitting rule of the quadrilateral element area, guided by the PoU definition itself is described in detail. The examples chosen for the numerical experiments consist of 2-D panels that present favorable geometries to explore the advantages of each method. Essentially, singular functions with good properties to approximate the solution near corner points and polynomial functions for approximating smooth solutions are examined. Moreover, a comparison among the conventional FEM and the methods herein described is made taking into consideration the scaled condition number and rates of convergence of the relative errors on displacements. Finally, the numerical experiments show that the Higher Order SGFEM is the more robust and reliable among the versions of the GFEM tested.O Método dos Elementos Finitos Generalizados (MEFG) é essencialmente baseado no método da partição da unidade, que explora o conceito de partição da unidade para compatibilizar um conjunto de funções escolhidas para localmente aproximar de forma eficiente a solução. Apesar de suas vantagens bem conhecidas, o método pode apresentar algumas desvantagens. Por exemplo, o aumento do espaço de aproximação por meio das funções de enriquecimento pode introduzir dependências lineares no sistema de equações resolvente, assim como o aparecimento de elementos de mistura. Para contornar as desvantagens apontadas acima, algumas versões aprimoradas do MEFG foram desenvolvidas. O MEFG Estável é uma primeira versão aqui considerada na qual as funções de enriquecimento do MEFG são modificadas. O MEFG Estável de ordem superior propõe uma modificação adicional para a geração das funções de forma atreladas ao espaço enriquecido. Esta pesquisa visa apresentar e testar numericamente essas novas versões do MEFG recentemente propostas. Além de destacar suas principais características, alguns aspectos sobre a integração numérica quando usado o MEFG Estável de ordem superior, em particular, são também abordados. Por exemplo, detalha-se uma regra de divisão da área do elemento quadrilateral, guiada pela própria definição de sua partição da unidade. Os exemplos escolhidos para os experimentos numéricos consistem em chapas com geometrias favoráveis para explorar as vantagens de cada método. Essencialmente, examinam-se funções singulares com boas propriedades de aproximar a solução nas vizinhanças de vértices de cantos, bem como funções polinomiais para aproximar soluções suaves. Ademais, uma comparação entre o MEF convencional e os métodos aqui descritos é feita levando-se em consideração o número de condição do sistema escalonado e as razões de convergência do erro relativo em deslocamento. Finalmente, os experimentos numéricos mostram que o MEFG Estável de ordem superior é a mais robusta e confiável entre as versões do MEFG testadas.
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Simon, Kristin [Verfasser]. "Higher order stabilized surface finite element methods for diffusion-convection-reaction equations on surfaces with and without boundary / Kristin Simon." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1147834520/34.
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Stöcker, Christina. "Level set methods for higher order evolution laws." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1205350171405-81971.
Full textAbstract:
A numerical treatment of non-linear higher-order geometric evolution equations with the level set and the finite element method is presented. The isotropic, weak anisotropic and strong anisotropic situation is discussed. Most of the equations considered in this work arise from the field of thin film growth. A short introduction to the subject is given. Four different models are discussed: mean curvature flow, surface diffusion, a kinetic model, which combines the effects of mean curvature flow and surface diffusion and includes a further kinetic component, and an adatom model, which incorporates in addition free adatoms. As an introduction to the numerical schemes, first the isotropic and weak anisotropic situation is considered. Then strong anisotropies (non-convex anisotropies) are used to simulate the phenomena of faceting and coarsening. The experimentally observed effect of corner and edge roundings is reached in the simulation through the regularization of the strong anisotropy with a higher-order curvature term. The curvature regularization leads to an increase by two in the order of the equations, which results in highly non-linear equations of up to 6th order. For the numerical solution, the equations are transformed into systems of second order equations, which are solved with a Schur complement approach. The adatom model constitutes a diffusion equation on a moving surface. An operator splitting approach is used for the numerical solution. In difference to other works, which restrict to the isotropic situation, also the anisotropic situation is discussed and solved numerically. Furthermore, a treatment of geometric evolution equations on implicitly given curved surfaces with the level set method is given. In particular, the numerical solution of surface diffusion on curved surfaces is presented. The equations are discretized in space by standard linear finite elements. For the time discretization a semi-implicit discretization scheme is employed. The derivation of the numerical schemes is presented in detail, and numerous computational results are given for the 2D and 3D situation. To keep computational costs low, the finite element grid is adaptively refined near the moving curves and surfaces resp. A redistancing algorithm based on a local Hopf-Lax formula is used. The algorithm has been extended by the authors to the 3D case. A detailed description of the algorithm in 3D is presented in this workIn der Arbeit geht es um die numerische Behandlung nicht-linearer geometrischer Evolutionsgleichungen höherer Ordnung mit Levelset- und Finite-Elemente-Verfahren. Der isotrope, schwach anisotrope und stark anisotrope Fall wird diskutiert. Die meisten in dieser Arbeit betrachteten Gleichungen entstammen dem Gebiet des Dünnschicht-Wachstums. Eine kurze Einführung in dieses Gebiet wird gegeben. Es werden vier verschiedene Modelle diskutiert: mittlerer Krümmungsfluss, Oberflächendiffusion, ein kinetisches Modell, welches die Effekte des mittleren Krümmungsflusses und der Oberflächendiffusion kombiniert und zusätzlich eine kinetische Komponente beinhaltet, und ein Adatom-Modell, welches außerdem freie Adatome berücksichtigt. Als Einführung in die numerischen Schemata, wird zuerst der isotrope und schwach anisotrope Fall betrachtet. Anschließend werden starke Anisotropien (nicht-konvexe Anisotropien) benutzt, um Facettierungs- und Vergröberungsphänomene zu simulieren. Der in Experimenten beobachtete Effekt der Ecken- und Kanten-Abrundung wird in der Simulation durch die Regularisierung der starken Anisotropie durch einen Krümmungsterm höherer Ordnung erreicht. Die Krümmungsregularisierung führt zu einer Erhöhung der Ordnung der Gleichung um zwei, was hochgradig nicht-lineare Gleichungen von bis zu sechster Ordnung ergibt. Für die numerische Lösung werden die Gleichungen auf Systeme zweiter Ordnungsgleichungen transformiert, welche mit einem Schurkomplement-Ansatz gelöst werden. Das Adatom-Modell bildet eine Diffusionsgleichung auf einer bewegten Fläche. Zur numerischen Lösung wird ein Operatorsplitting-Ansatz verwendet. Im Unterschied zu anderen Arbeiten, die sich auf den isotropen Fall beschränken, wird auch der anisotrope Fall diskutiert und numerisch gelöst. Außerdem werden geometrische Evolutionsgleichungen auf implizit gegebenen gekrümmten Flächen mit Levelset-Verfahren behandelt. Insbesondere wird die numerische Lösung von Oberflächendiffusion auf gekrümmten Flächen dargestellt. Die Gleichungen werden im Ort mit linearen Standard-Finiten-Elementen diskretisiert. Als Zeitdiskretisierung wird ein semi-implizites Diskretisierungsschema verwendet. Die Herleitung der numerischen Schemata wird detailliert dargestellt, und zahlreiche numerische Ergebnisse für den 2D und 3D Fall sind gegeben. Um den Rechenaufwand gering zu halten, wird das Finite-Elemente-Gitter adaptiv an den bewegten Kurven bzw. den bewegten Flächen verfeinert. Es wird ein Redistancing-Algorithmus basierend auf einer lokalen Hopf-Lax Formel benutzt. Der Algorithmus wurde von den Autoren auf den 3D Fall erweitert. In dieser Arbeit wird der Algorithmus für den 3D Fall detailliert beschrieben
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Stöcker, Christina. "Level set methods for higher order evolution laws." Doctoral thesis, Forschungszentrum caesar, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24054.
Full textAbstract:
A numerical treatment of non-linear higher-order geometric evolution equations with the level set and the finite element method is presented. The isotropic, weak anisotropic and strong anisotropic situation is discussed. Most of the equations considered in this work arise from the field of thin film growth. A short introduction to the subject is given. Four different models are discussed: mean curvature flow, surface diffusion, a kinetic model, which combines the effects of mean curvature flow and surface diffusion and includes a further kinetic component, and an adatom model, which incorporates in addition free adatoms. As an introduction to the numerical schemes, first the isotropic and weak anisotropic situation is considered. Then strong anisotropies (non-convex anisotropies) are used to simulate the phenomena of faceting and coarsening. The experimentally observed effect of corner and edge roundings is reached in the simulation through the regularization of the strong anisotropy with a higher-order curvature term. The curvature regularization leads to an increase by two in the order of the equations, which results in highly non-linear equations of up to 6th order. For the numerical solution, the equations are transformed into systems of second order equations, which are solved with a Schur complement approach. The adatom model constitutes a diffusion equation on a moving surface. An operator splitting approach is used for the numerical solution. In difference to other works, which restrict to the isotropic situation, also the anisotropic situation is discussed and solved numerically. Furthermore, a treatment of geometric evolution equations on implicitly given curved surfaces with the level set method is given. In particular, the numerical solution of surface diffusion on curved surfaces is presented. The equations are discretized in space by standard linear finite elements. For the time discretization a semi-implicit discretization scheme is employed. The derivation of the numerical schemes is presented in detail, and numerous computational results are given for the 2D and 3D situation. To keep computational costs low, the finite element grid is adaptively refined near the moving curves and surfaces resp. A redistancing algorithm based on a local Hopf-Lax formula is used. The algorithm has been extended by the authors to the 3D case. A detailed description of the algorithm in 3D is presented in this work.In der Arbeit geht es um die numerische Behandlung nicht-linearer geometrischer Evolutionsgleichungen höherer Ordnung mit Levelset- und Finite-Elemente-Verfahren. Der isotrope, schwach anisotrope und stark anisotrope Fall wird diskutiert. Die meisten in dieser Arbeit betrachteten Gleichungen entstammen dem Gebiet des Dünnschicht-Wachstums. Eine kurze Einführung in dieses Gebiet wird gegeben. Es werden vier verschiedene Modelle diskutiert: mittlerer Krümmungsfluss, Oberflächendiffusion, ein kinetisches Modell, welches die Effekte des mittleren Krümmungsflusses und der Oberflächendiffusion kombiniert und zusätzlich eine kinetische Komponente beinhaltet, und ein Adatom-Modell, welches außerdem freie Adatome berücksichtigt. Als Einführung in die numerischen Schemata, wird zuerst der isotrope und schwach anisotrope Fall betrachtet. Anschließend werden starke Anisotropien (nicht-konvexe Anisotropien) benutzt, um Facettierungs- und Vergröberungsphänomene zu simulieren. Der in Experimenten beobachtete Effekt der Ecken- und Kanten-Abrundung wird in der Simulation durch die Regularisierung der starken Anisotropie durch einen Krümmungsterm höherer Ordnung erreicht. Die Krümmungsregularisierung führt zu einer Erhöhung der Ordnung der Gleichung um zwei, was hochgradig nicht-lineare Gleichungen von bis zu sechster Ordnung ergibt. Für die numerische Lösung werden die Gleichungen auf Systeme zweiter Ordnungsgleichungen transformiert, welche mit einem Schurkomplement-Ansatz gelöst werden. Das Adatom-Modell bildet eine Diffusionsgleichung auf einer bewegten Fläche. Zur numerischen Lösung wird ein Operatorsplitting-Ansatz verwendet. Im Unterschied zu anderen Arbeiten, die sich auf den isotropen Fall beschränken, wird auch der anisotrope Fall diskutiert und numerisch gelöst. Außerdem werden geometrische Evolutionsgleichungen auf implizit gegebenen gekrümmten Flächen mit Levelset-Verfahren behandelt. Insbesondere wird die numerische Lösung von Oberflächendiffusion auf gekrümmten Flächen dargestellt. Die Gleichungen werden im Ort mit linearen Standard-Finiten-Elementen diskretisiert. Als Zeitdiskretisierung wird ein semi-implizites Diskretisierungsschema verwendet. Die Herleitung der numerischen Schemata wird detailliert dargestellt, und zahlreiche numerische Ergebnisse für den 2D und 3D Fall sind gegeben. Um den Rechenaufwand gering zu halten, wird das Finite-Elemente-Gitter adaptiv an den bewegten Kurven bzw. den bewegten Flächen verfeinert. Es wird ein Redistancing-Algorithmus basierend auf einer lokalen Hopf-Lax Formel benutzt. Der Algorithmus wurde von den Autoren auf den 3D Fall erweitert. In dieser Arbeit wird der Algorithmus für den 3D Fall detailliert beschrieben.
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Nazarov, Murtazo. "Adaptive Algorithms and High Order Stabilization for Finite Element Computation of Turbulent Compressible Flow." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Numerisk analys, NA, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34532.
Full textAbstract:
This work develops finite element methods with high order stabilization, and robust and efficient adaptive algorithms for Large Eddy Simulation of turbulent compressible flows. The equations are approximated by continuous piecewise linear functions in space, and the time discretization is done in implicit/explicit fashion: the second order Crank-Nicholson method and third/fourth order explicit Runge-Kutta methods. The full residual of the system and the entropy residual, are used in the construction of the stabilization terms. These methods are consistent for the exact solution, conserves all the quantities, such as mass, momentum and energy, is accurate and very simple to implement. We prove convergence of the method for scalar conservation laws in the case of an implicit scheme. The convergence analysis is based on showing that the approximation is uniformly bounded, weakly consistent with all entropy inequalities, and strongly consistent with the initial data. The convergence of the explicit schemes is tested in numerical examples in 1D, 2D and 3D. To resolve the small scales of the flow, such as turbulence fluctuations, shocks, discontinuities and acoustic waves, the simulation needs very fine meshes. In this thesis, a robust adjoint based adaptive algorithm is developed for the time-dependent compressible Euler/Navier-Stokes equations. The adaptation is driven by the minimization of the error in quantities of interest such as stresses, drag and lift forces, or the mean value of some quantity. The implementation and analysis are validated in computational tests, both with respect to the stabilization and the duality based adaptation.QC 20110627
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Bangemann, Tim Richard. "Nonlinear finite element treatment of bifurcation in the post-buckling analysis of thin elastic plates and shells." Thesis, Brunel University, 1995. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6362.
Full textAbstract:
The geometrically nonlinear constant moment triangle based on the von Karman theory of thin plates is first described. This finite element, which is believed to be the simplest possible element to pass the totality of the von Karman patch test, is employed throughout the present work. It possesses the special characteristic of providing a tangent stiffness matrix which is accurate and without approximation. The stability of equilibrium of discrete conservative systems is discussed. The criteria which identify the critical points (limit and bifurcation), and the method of determination of the stability coefficients are presented in a simple matrix formulation which is suitable for computation. An alternative formulation which makes direct use of higher order directional derivatives of the total potential energy is also presented. Continuation along the stable equilibrium solution path is achieved by using a recently developed Newton method specially modified so that stable points are points of attraction. In conjunction with this solution technique, a branch switching method is introduced which directly computes any intersecting branches. Bifurcational buckling often exhibits huge structural changes and it is believed that the computation of the required switch procedure is performed here, and for the first time, in a satisfactory manner. Hence, both limit and bifurcation points can be treated without difficulty and with continuation into the post buckling regime. In this way, the ability to compute the stable equilibrium path throughout the load-deformation history is accomplished. Two numerical examples which exhibit bifurcational buckling are treated in detail and provide numerical evidence as to the ability of the employed techniques to handle even the most complex problems. Although only relatively coarse finite element meshes are used it is evident that the technique provides a powerful tool for any kind of thin elastic plate and shell problem. The thesis concludes with a proposal for an algorithm to automate the computation of the unknown parameter in the branch switching method.
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Hauck, Andreas [Verfasser], and Manfred [Gutachter] Kaltenbacher. "Higher Order Finite Elements for Coupled and Anisotropic Field Problems / Andreas Hauck. Gutachter: Manfred Kaltenbacher." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102529192/34.
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Rawat, Vineet. "Finite Element Domain Decomposition with Second Order Transmission Conditions for Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Problems." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243360543.
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Guo, Ruchi. "Design, Analysis, and Application of Immersed Finite Element Methods." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90374.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation consists of three studies of immersed finite element (IFE) methods for inter- face problems related to partial differential equations (PDEs) with discontinuous coefficients. These three topics together form a continuation of the research in IFE method including the extension to elasticity systems, new breakthroughs to higher degree IFE methods, and its application to inverse problems.
First, we extend the current construction and analysis approach of IFE methods in the literature for scalar elliptic equations to elasticity systems in the vector format. In particular, we construct a group of low-degree IFE functions formed by linear, bilinear, and rotated Q1 polynomials to weakly satisfy the jump conditions of elasticity interface problems. Then we analyze the trace inequalities of these IFE functions and the approximation capabilities of the resulted IFE spaces. Based on these preparations, we develop a partially penalized IFE (PPIFE) scheme and prove its optimal convergence rates.
Secondly, we discuss the limitations of the current approaches of IFE methods when we try to extend them to higher degree IFE methods. Then we develop a new framework to construct and analyze arbitrary p-th degree IFE methods. In this framework, each IFE function is the extension of a p-th degree polynomial from one subelement to the whole interface element by solving a local Cauchy problem on interface elements in which the jump conditions across the interface are employed as the boundary conditions. All the components in the analysis, including existence of IFE functions, the optimal approximation capabilities and the trace inequalities, are all reduced to key properties of the related discrete extension operator. We employ these results to show the optimal convergence of a discontinuous Galerkin IFE (DGIFE) method.
In the last part, we apply the linear IFE methods in the literature together with the shape optimization technique to solve a group of interface inverse problems. In this algorithm, both the governing PDEs and the objective functional for interface inverse problems are discretized optimally by the IFE method regardless of the location of the interface in a chosen mesh. We derive the formulas for the gradients of the objective function in the optimization problem which can be implemented efficiently in the IFE framework through a discrete adjoint method. We demonstrate the properties of the proposed algorithm by applying it to three representative applications.Doctor of Philosophy
Interface problems arise from many science and engineering applications modeling the transmission of some physical quantities between multiple materials. Mathematically, these multiple materials in general are modeled by partial differential equations (PDEs) with discontinuous parameters, which poses challenges to developing efficient and reliable numerical methods and the related theoretical error analysis. The main contributions of this dissertation is on the development of a special finite element method, the so called immersed finite element (IFE) method, to solve the interface problems on a mesh independent of the interface geometry which can be advantageous especially when the interface is moving. Specifically, this dissertation consists of three projects of IFE methods: elasticity interface problems, higher-order IFE methods and interface inverse problems, including their design, analysis, and application.
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Lee, Seung-Cheol. "Enhanced Finite Elements Using Hierarchical Higher Order Bases and Inexact Helmholtz Decomposition for Wave Guiding Structures." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1394730392.
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Arthurs, Christopher J. "Efficient simulation of cardiac electrical propagation using adaptive high-order finite elements." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ad31f06f-c4ed-4c48-b978-1ef3b12fe7a1.
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This thesis investigates the high-order hierarchical finite element method, also known as the finite element p-version, as a computationally-efficient technique for generating numerical solutions to the cardiac monodomain equation. We first present it as a uniform-order method, and through an a priori error bound we explain why the associated cardiac cell model must be thought of as a PDE and approximated to high-order in order to obtain the accuracy that the p-version is capable of. We perform simulations demonstrating that the achieved error agrees very well with the a priori error bound. Further, in terms of solution accuracy for time taken to solve the linear system that arises in the finite element discretisation, it is more efficient that the state-of-the-art piecewise linear finite element method. We show that piecewise linear FEM actually introduces quite significant amounts of error into the numerical approximations, particularly in the direction perpendicular to the cardiac fibres with physiological conductivity values, and that without resorting to extremely fine meshes with elements considerably smaller than 70 micrometres, we can not use it to obtain high-accuracy solutions. In contrast, the p-version can produce extremely high accuracy solutions on meshes with elements around 300 micrometres in diameter with these conductivities. Noting that most of the numerical error is due to under-resolving the wave-front in the transmembrane potential, we also construct an adaptive high-order scheme which controls the error locally in each element by adjusting the finite element polynomial basis degree using an analytically-derived a posteriori error estimation procedure. This naturally tracks the location of the wave-front, concentrating computational effort where it is needed most and increasing computational efficiency. The scheme can be controlled by a user-defined error tolerance parameter, which sets the target error within each element as a proportion of the local magnitude of the solution as measured in the H^1 norm. This numerical scheme is tested on a variety of problems in one, two and three dimensions, and is shown to provide excellent error control properties and to be likely capable of boosting efficiency in cardiac simulation by an order of magnitude. The thesis amounts to a proof-of-concept of the increased efficiency in solving the linear system using adaptive high-order finite elements when performing single-thread cardiac simulation, and indicates that the performance of the method should be investigated in parallel, where it can also be expected to provide considerable improvement. In general, the selection of a suitable preconditioner is key to ensuring efficiency; we make use of a variety of different possibilities, including one which can be expected to scale very well in parallel, meaning that this is an excellent candidate method for increasing the efficiency of cardiac simulation using high-performance computing facilities.
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Wang, Yaqi. "hp-mesh adaptation for 1-D multigroup neutron diffusion problems." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4707.
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In this work, we propose, implement and test two fully automated mesh adaptation methods
for 1-D multigroup eigenproblems. The first method is the standard hp-adaptive refinement
strategy and the second technique is a goal-oriented hp-adaptive refinement strategy. The
hp-strategies deliver optimal guaranteed solutions obtained with exponential convergence rates
with respect to the number of unknowns. The goal-oriented method combines the standard
hp-adaptation technique with a goal-oriented adaptivity based on the simultaneous solution of an
adjoint problem in order to compute quantities of interest, such as reaction rates in a sub-domain
or point-wise fluxes or currents. These algorithms are tested for various multigroup 1-D
diffusion problems and the numerical results confirm the optimal, exponential convergence rates
predicted theoretically.
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Rieben, Robert N. "A novel high order time domain vector finite element method for the simulation of electromagnetic devices /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Oliver, Todd A. 1980. "A high-order, adaptive, discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46818.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-182).
This thesis presents high-order, discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretizations of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and an output-based error estimation and mesh adaptation algorithm for these discretizations. In particular, DG discretizations of the RANS equations with the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model are examined. The dual consistency of multiple DG discretizations of the RANS-SA system is analyzed. The approach of simply weighting gradient dependent source terms by a test function and integrating is shown to be dual inconsistent. A dual consistency correction for this discretization is derived. The analysis also demonstrates that discretizations based on the popular mixed formulation, where dependence on the state gradient is handled by introducing additional state variables, are generally asymptotically dual consistent. Numerical results are presented to confirm the results of the analysis. The output error estimation and output-based adaptation algorithms used here are extensions of methods previously developed in the finite volume and finite element communities. In particular, the methods are extended for application on the curved, highly anisotropic meshes required for boundary conforming, high-order RANS simulations. Two methods for generating such curved meshes are demonstrated. One relies on a user-defined global mapping of the physical domain to a straight meshing domain. The other uses a linear elasticity node movement scheme to add curvature to an initially linear mesh. Finally, to improve the robustness of the adaptation process, an "unsteady" algorithm, where the mesh is adapted at each time step, is presented. The goal of the unsteady procedure is to allow mesh adaptation prior to converging a steady state solution, not to obtain a time-accurate solution of an unsteady problem. Thus, an estimate of the error due to spatial discretization in the output of interest averaged over the current time step is developed. This error estimate is then used to drive an h-adaptation algorithm. Adaptation results demonstrate that the high-order discretizations are more efficient than the second-order method in terms of degrees of freedom required to achieve a desired error tolerance. Furthermore, using the unsteady adaptation process, adaptive RANS simulations may be started from extremely coarse meshes, significantly decreasing the mesh generation burden to the user.
by Todd A. Oliver.
Ph.D.