Academic literature on the topic 'Higher education; universities; Cold War'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Higher education; universities; Cold War.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Higher education; universities; Cold War"
1
Hill, Peter. "Slavonic Studies in Australia and New Zealand During the Cold War and in the Post-Cold-War Era." Transcultural Studies 9, no. 1 (2013): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23751606-00901012.
Full textAbstract:
Slavonic Studies and especially Russian profited from the Cold War and when it ended Western governments saw no need to continue supporting these disciplines. This coincided with the commercialization of the universities, when governments largely abrogated their responsibility for higher education. It is in this context that the following account of the rise and fall of Slavonic studies in Australia and New Zealand unfolds.
2
Bower, Kevin P. "“A favored child of the state”: Federal Student Aid at Ohio Colleges and Universities, 1934–1943." History of Education Quarterly 44, no. 3 (2004): 364–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2004.tb00014.x.
Full textAbstract:
Higher education scholars are familiar with the close relationship between American higher education and the federal government after World War II. The G.I. Bill and Cold War concerns for maintaining the nation's technological advantage made the federal government the major benefactor of postsecondary growth. The seismic shifts of that era, though, tend to overshadow earlier developing ties between the federal government and the colleges and, more specifically, the roots of direct federal aid to college students. This article seeks to redress that problem by exploring the subtle ways that federal aid became integrated into the visions and plans of the leaders of American higher education in the years prior to World War II. By examining New Deal Era college aid at a variety of institutions of higher education in the state of Ohio, we can uncover how the earlier courtship between the federal government and the colleges helped clear the way for later, more profound changes.
3
Weiler, Kathleen. "The Case of Martha Deane: Sexuality and Power at Cold War UCLA." History of Education Quarterly 47, no. 4 (November 2007): 470–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2007.00110.x.
Full textAbstract:
Despite widespread support for the postwar expansion of higher education, U.S. colleges and universities in the early 1950s were not isolated from broader social currents, and the deep social anxieties and political tensions of the Cold War found their way onto college campuses. In 1952, the University of California was still reeling from the loyalty oath controversy. In the late 1940s the University of California, like other universities nationwide, had been viewed with increasing suspicion by anti-Communist groups. The search for subversives in California institutions, spearheaded by the Tenney Committee of the California State Legislature, led the University of California's Board of Regents to add a disclaimer of membership in any organization advocating the overthrow of the United States to the oath of allegiance already required of faculty. In an atmosphere of rising hysteria about possible subversives and Communists in academia, on February 24, 1950, the Regents voted to fire anyone employed by the University of California who failed to sign the oath. This decision led to strong opposition from students and faculty. Despite these protests, and particularly after the outbreak of the Korean War in June, 1950, the Regents held firm. On August 25, 1950, thirty-one members of the University of California faculty were dismissed because they refused to sign the loyalty oath. None of them was accused of being a Communist or subversive. After an appellate court ruled against the Regents, in October 1951 the Regents voted to rescind the oath, but maintained their stance that the university would not employ Communists. Although the California Supreme Court upheld the ruling of the appellate court and the non-signers were reinstated to the university, the mood at the university, as in the nation as a whole, continued to be one of anxiety and unease.
4
O Oanda, Ibrahim, and Mark M. Obonyo. "The Multiple Waves of the African Academic Diaspora’s Engagement with African Universities." International Journal of African Higher Education 8, no. 2 (May 23, 2021): 10–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ijahe.v8i2.13471.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyses the various historical phases in the evolution of theAfrican academic diaspora’s engagement to support the development ofhigher education in Africa. It examines the drivers and motivation for suchengagement and its implications for higher education development onthe continent. The data were derived from a critical review of secondarysources, supplemented by primary observations by one of the authors whois engaged in a programme that supports diaspora academics to travel toAfrican universities for engagement, as part of the third wave. The analysisof the secondary material shows that while the first wave of engagement wasdriven by a strong sense of Pan-Africanism at the global level and laid thefoundation for the establishment of universities across the continent, thesecond wave became trapped in Cold War rivalries that limited engagementand drove more academics from African universities into exile, mainly inEurope and North America, thus swelling the ranks of diaspora academics.The third wave has been caught up in a similar situation. While the forcesof globalisation and internationalisation that are driving this wave ofdiaspora engagement have the potential to support African universities toachieve international standards, they can equally undermine and mute thedesire for higher education decolonisation. The article recommends thatAfrican countries and higher education institutions should play a centralrole in designing the broad policy context that drives engagement and thatthe activities undertaken by African diaspora academics should align withnational higher education priorities.
5
Katsakioris, Constantin. "The Lumumba University in Moscow: higher education for a Soviet–Third World alliance, 1960–91." Journal of Global History 14, no. 2 (July 2019): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174002281900007x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractFounded in Moscow in 1960 for students from Third World countries, the Peoples’ Friendship University ‘Patrice Lumumba’ was the most important venture in international higher education during the Cold War and a flagship of Soviet internationalism. It aimed to educate a Soviet-friendly intelligentsia and foster a Soviet–Third World alliance. This article retraces the history of this school, often criticized for its Third World concept, recruitment, and training policies. It recalls the forgotten French initiative to create a university for the underdeveloped countries, situates Lumumba University in the global Cold War, and compares it with mainstream Soviet schools. Soon after its creation, Lumumba University underwent important changes, but departed from its initial educational concept. Consequently, arguments justifying the existence of a special university disappeared. Third World countries, moreover, never agreed with the university’s concept. Despite its educational accomplishments, Lumumba University became the Achilles’ heel of Soviet cultural policy.
6
O’Mara, Margaret. "The Uses of the Foreign Student." Social Science History 36, no. 4 (2012): 583–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001049x.
Full textAbstract:
The rise of the global university is often associated with the concomitant wave of late twentieth-century neoliberalism and privatization and correlated with universities embracing “corporate” models of governance. However, it is a phenomenon with roots in the earliest years of the Cold War that emerged out of a set of institutions and policies with diplomatic rather than explicitly economic aims. Notable among these were the programs aimed at bringing foreign students and scholars to the United States and exporting American-style educational experiences abroad. While only a fraction of these foreign visitors had the US government as their primary financial sponsor, they as a class became the object onto which political values of a particular era were projected, from the postwar internationalism of the Truman years to the Great Society liberalism of Lyndon B. Johnson to the free market ethos of Richard M. Nixon and Ronald Reagan. The decentralized and privatized means by which policy makers administered these measures obscured the degree to which they influenced the shape of the higher education system and their wider impacts on the American economy and society. This article explores international educational exchange as a critical element of American universities’ evolving public identity during the Cold War and post–Cold War periods and as an example of the governmental use of the university as an agent of state power and as a tool of political ideology.
7
Maher, Brent D. "Divided by Loyalty: The Debate Regarding Loyalty Provisions in the National Defense Education Act of 1958." History of Education Quarterly 56, no. 2 (May 2016): 301–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12184.
Full textAbstract:
The National Defense Education Act (NDEA) of 1958 was the first federal investment in low-interest student loans and became a precedent for expansion of student loans in the Higher Education Act of 1965. In its controversial loyalty provisions, the NDEA required loan recipients to affirm loyalty to the U.S. government. Between 1958 and 1962, thirty-two colleges and universities refused to participate or withdrew from the NDEA loan program, arguing that the loyalty provisions unfairly targeted students and violated principles of free inquiry. This essay argues that debate over the loyalty provisions fractured a partnership between progressives who favored general aid to education and conservatives who supported short-term investment for defense purposes. Although debates over the NDEA loyalty requirements seem specific to the Cold War, a close examination of the arguments illuminates their alignment with long-standing ideological conflicts over legitimacy of federal aid to higher education.
8
Loseva, Evgeniya A. "Evolution of cooperation between France and Germany in the field of higher education." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-1-69-77.
Full textAbstract:
For the first time in Russian-language historiography on the basis of an analysis of the most important components of Franco-German cooperation in the field of higher education the evolution of cooperation between higher education institutions of France and Germany in the post-war period is presented. The prerequisites for Franco-German cooperation after the Second World War are determined. The evolution of academic mobility between these countries is considered. The results of activities to create equivalents of documents on higher education in France and Germany are revealed. The Franco-German joint institutions of higher education are characterized. The aim of this work is to consider the evolution of cooperation between France and Germany in the field of higher education in the post-war period of time through the prism of its key aspects. The relevance of this study is due to the lack of research on this issue in Russian-language historiography. In addition, the study of Franco-German relations in the field of science and higher education in the post-war period is also of practical importance, since the experience of this cooperation, or its individual aspects, can be used in the field of higher education and science of our state. As a result of the analysis of key aspects of the Franco-German university cooperation, the following stages were identified in bilateral cooperation. 1. Establishment of Franco-German educational cooperation (1949–1963) – a period of post-war contradictions and the emergence of academic mobility between universities in France and Germany. The intensification of Franco-German cooperation in higher education was due to the unfolding Cold War and the ongoing process of European integration: the cultural sphere acted as a means of overcoming Franco-German antagonism. 2. Franco-German cooperation after the conclusion of the Treaty of Elysee (1963 – the end of the 1970s) – a period of expansion of academic mobility and the creation of new tools for its implementation; at the same time, this period of cooperation was marked by a shift in the attention of the governments of France and Germany towards national education issues. 3. The beginning of the process of institutionalization of Franco-German cooperation (late 1970s – 1993). The transition to the third stage of cooperation is due to the emergence of new trends in bilateral educational partnerships: the creation of coordinating institutes and joint educational institutions and the beginning of solving the problem of equivalence of diplomas. 4. The cooperation of France and Germany after the formation of the EU in 1993 – the Franco-German partnership at the present stage and within the European Higher Education Area. The implementation of the provisions of the Bologna Agreement in practice significantly unified the higher education systems of France and Germany, which facilitated bilateral academic exchanges, and the two countries’ participation in European educational programs became an additional incentive for their intensification.
9
Tarradellas, Anton. "Pan-African Networks, Cold War Politics, and Postcolonial Opportunities: The African Scholarship Program of American Universities, 1961–75." Journal of African History 63, no. 1 (March 2022): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000251.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn the early 1960s, when a majority of African countries were gaining independence, the training of personnel capable of implementing nation-building projects became imperative for new African governments, even though higher education opportunities on the continent remained scarce. In a context of competition with the former colonial powers and the USSR, the United States decided to set up scholarship programs for the training of postcolonial African elites. Through the analysis of one of these programs, the African Scholarship Program of American Universities (ASPAU), this article will show that in addition to the Cold War motivations of the US government, pan-African connections and university initiatives were essential in laying the groundwork for the project of educating Africans in the United States. It also highlights the too often overlooked role played by African leaders and academics in the concrete realization, reappropriation, and questioning of overseas training projects.
10
De Wit, Hans. "Internationalization of Higher Education." Journal of International Students 10, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i1.1893.
Full textAbstract:
Universities have always had international dimensions in their research, teaching, and service to society, but those dimensions were in general more ad hoc, fragmented, and implicit than explicit and comprehensive. In the last decade of the previous century, the increasing globalization and regionalization of economies and societies, combined with the requirements of the knowledge economy and the end of the Cold War, created a context for a more strategic approach to internationalization in higher education. International organizations such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and the World Bank, national governments, the European Union, and higher education organizations such as the International Association of Universities placed internationalization at the top of the reform agenda. Internationalization became a key change agent in higher education, in the developed world but also in emerging and developing societies.
Mobility of students, scholars, and programs; reputation and branding (manifested by global and regional rankings); and a shift in paradigm from cooperation to competition (van der Wende, 2001) have been the main manifestations of the agenda of internationalization in higher education over the past 30 years. International education has become an industry, a source of revenue and a means for enhanced reputation.
Quantitative data about the number of international degree-seeking students, of international talents and scholars, of students going for credits abroad, of agreements and memoranda of understanding, as well as of co-authored international publications in high impact academic journals, have not only been key manifestations of this perception of internationalization, but also have driven its agenda and actions. This perception has resulted in an increasing dominance of English in research but also teaching, has createdthe emergence of a whole new industry around internationalization, has forced national governments to stimulate institutions of higher education going international, and hasgenerated new buzz words such as “cross-border delivery” and “soft power” in the higher education arena.
In the period 2010–2020, we have seen not only the number of international students double to 5 million in the past decade, but also we have noticed an increase in franchise operations, articulation programs, branch campuses, and online delivery of higher education. There is fierce competition for talented international students and scholars, and immigration policies have shifted from low-skill to high-skill immigration. National excellence programs have increased differentiation in higher education with more attention for a small number of international world-class universities and national flagship institutions that compete for these talents, for positions in the global rankings, for access to high impact journals, and for funding, at the cost of other institutions. There is also an increasing concern about the neo-colonial dimension.
In the current global-knowledge society, the concept of internationalization of higher education has itself become globalized, demanding further consideration of its impact on policy and practice as more countries and types of institution around the world engage in the process. Internationalization should no longer be considered in terms of a westernized, largely Anglo-Saxon, and predominantly English-speaking paradigm. (Jones & de Wit, 2014, p. 28)
Internationalization became defined by the generally accepted definition of Knight (2008): “The process of integrating an international, intercultural or global dimension into the purpose, functions and delivery of post-secondary education,” describing clearly the process in a general and value neutral way.
Some of the main trends in internationalization in the past 30 years have been:
More focused on internationalization abroad than on internationalization at home
More ad hoc, fragmented, and marginal than strategic, comprehensive, and central in policies
More in the interest of a small, elite subset of students and faculty than focused on global and intercultural outcomes for all
Directed by a constantly shifting range of political, economic, social/cultural, and educational rationales, with increasing focus on economic motivations
Increasingly driven by national, regional, and global rankings
Little alignment between the international dimensions of the three core functions of higher education: education, research, and service to society
Primarily a strategic choice and focus of institutions of higher education, and less a priority of national governments
Less important in emerging and developing economies, and more of a particular strategic concern among developed economies
In the past decade, however, one can observe a reaction to these trends. While mobility is still the most dominant factor in internationalization policies worldwide, there is increasing attention being paid to internationalization of the curriculum at home. There is also a stronger call for comprehensive internationalization, which addresses all aspects of education in an integrated way. Although economic rationales and rankings still drive the agenda of internationalization, there is more emphasis now being placed on other motivations for internationalization. For example, attention is being paid to integrating international dimensions into tertiary education quality assurance mechanisms, institutional policies related to student learning outcomes, and the work of national and discipline-specific accreditation agencies (de Wit, 2019).
Traditional values that have driven international activities in higher education in the past, such as exchange and cooperation, peace and mutual understanding, human capital development, and solidarity, although still present in the vocabulary of international education, have moved to the sideline in a push for competition, revenue, and reputation/branding.
Around the change of the century, we observed a first response to these developments. The movement for Internationalization at Home within the European Union started in 1999 in Malmö, Sweden, drawing more attention to the 95% of nonmobile students not participating in the successful flagship program of the EU, ERASMUS. In the United Kingdom and Australia, a similar movement asked for attention to internationalization of the curriculum and teaching and learning in response to the increased focus on recruiting income-generating international students. And in the United States, attention emerged around internationalizing campuses and developing more comprehensive approaches to internationalization as an alternative for the marginal and fragmented focus on undergraduate study abroad on the one hand and international student recruitment on the other.
These reactions were and are important manifestations of concern about the competitive, elitist, and market direction of internationalization, and are a call for more attention to the qualitative dimensions of internationalization, such as citizenship development, employability, and improvement of the quality of research, education, and service to society. A wide range of academic scholars and international education practitioners have pushed for change with their publications and presentations. A study for the European Parliament on the state of internationalization in higher education gave this push an extra dimension. Not only did the study provide a comprehensive overview of the literature and the practice of internationalization in higher education around the world, but also—based on a global Delphi Exercise—it promoted a new agenda for internationalization for the future, by extending the definition of Knight (2008), defining internationalization as follows:
The intentional process of integrating an international, intercultural or global dimension into the purpose, functions and delivery of post-secondary education, in order to enhance the quality of education and research for all students and staff and to make a meaningful contribution to society. (de Wit et al., 2015)
This definition gave a normative direction to the process by emphasizing that such a process does not proceed by itself but needs clear intentions, that internationalization is not a goal in itself but needs to be directed toward quality improvement, that it should not be of interest to a small elite group of mobile students and scholars but directed to all students and scholars, and that it should make a contribution to society.
Over the past 5 years this new approach has received positive attention, and at the start of a new decade it is important to see if this shift back to a more ethical and qualitative approach with respect to internationalization is indeed taking place and what new dimensions one can observe in that shift.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Higher education; universities; Cold War"
1
Millar, Anne. "Wartime Training at Canadian Universities during the Second World War." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33146.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation provides an account of the contributions of Canadian universities to the Second World War. It examines the deliberations and negotiations of university, government, and military officials on how best to utilize and direct the resources of Canadian institutions of higher learning towards the prosecution of the war and postwar reconstruction. During the Second World War, university leaders worked with the Dominion Government and high-ranking military officials to establish comprehensive training programs on campuses across the country. These programs were designed to produce service personnel, provide skilled labour for essential war and civilian industries, impart specialized and technical knowledge to enlisted service members, and educate returning veterans. University administrators actively participated in the formation and expansion of these training initiatives and lobbied the government for adequate funding to ensure the success of their efforts. This study shows that university heads, deans, and prominent faculty members eagerly collaborated with both the government and the military to ensure that their institutions’ material and human resources were best directed in support of the war effort and that, in contrast to the First World War, skilled graduates would not be heedlessly wasted. At the center of these negotiations was the National Conference of Canadian Universities, a body consisting of heads of universities and colleges from across the country. This organization maintained an active presence in all major deliberations and exercised substantial influence over the policies affecting the mobilization of university resources.
2
Jebril, Mona A. S. "Academic life under occupation : the impact on educationalists at Gaza's universities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271892.
Full textAbstract:
This sociological study explores the past and current higher education (HE) experience of educationalists at Gaza’s universities and how this experience may be evolving in the shifting socio-political context in the Arab World. The thesis is motivated by three questions: 1. What are the perspectives of academic staff in the Faculties of Education at Gaza’s universities on their own past HE experiences? 2. What are the perspectives of students and their lecturers (academic staff) in the Faculties of Education at Gaza’s universities on students’ current HE experiences? 3. How do educationalists in the Faculties of Education at Gaza’s universities perceive the shifting socio-political context in the Arab World, and what current or future impact do they think it will have on the education context at Gaza’s universities? To examine these questions, I conducted an inductive qualitative study. Using 36 in-depth, semi- structured interviews which lasted between (90-300 min), I collected data from educationalists (15 academic staff; 21 students) at two of Gaza’s universities. Due to difficulties of access to the Gaza Strip, the participants were interviewed via Skype from Cambridge. Informed by the literature review, and triangulated with other research activities, such as reviewing participants’ CVs, browsing universities websites, and keeping a reflective journal, a thematic analysis was conducted on the interview data. Theoretically, although this study has benefited from conceptual insights, such as those found in Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed and in Pierre Bourdieu’s work on symbolic violence, it is a micro-level study, which is mainly data driven. The findings of this research show that in the past, educationalists were relatively more passive in terms of shaping their HE experiences, despite efforts to become resilient. In the present, students and their lecturers continue to face challenges that impact negatively on their participation and everyday life at Gaza’s universities. However, how the HE experience will evolve out of this context in the future is uncertain. The Arab Spring revolutions have had an influence on Gaza HE institutions’ campuses as they have triggered more awareness of students’ grievances and discontent. Because of some political and educational barriers, however, students’ voices are a cacophony; they remain split between “compliance” and resistance (Bourdieu, 1984, p. 471; Swartz, 2013, p. 39). Previously, Sara Roy (1995) rightly indicated a structure of “de-development” in the Gaza Strip (p.110). The findings from this research show that the impact of occupation and of the changes in the Arab World on the educational context in Gaza are more complex than previously thought. There is a simultaneous process of construction and destruction that is both external and internal to educationalists and which undermines academic work at Gaza’s universities. Based on this, the study concludes by explaining six implications of this complex structure for academic practice at Gaza’s universities, offering nine policy recommendations for HE reform, and highlighting six areas for future research.
3
Van, Konkelenberg Jude Nicholas. "Australia’s Cold War university : the relationship between the Australian National University’s Research School of Pacific Studies and the federal government 1946-1975." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63714.
Full textAbstract:
The impacts of the Cold War on academic-state relations in this country have been neglected in the growing literature on the Australian Cold War. There were greater similarities between the American and Australian university experience during the Cold War than have previously been recognised. The close relationship between the Australian National University and the federal government meant that Cold War tensions were particularly heightened in the case of this university, making it an ideal site for a case study of the Australian Cold War university experience. This thesis asks, ‘what was the nature of the relationship between the Australian National University and the federal government during the Cold War and was the university‘s experience comparable to American Cold War universities?‘
The thesis seeks to address two main themes related to the Cold War experience of universities. The first is the intrusion of government agencies into universities to identify and limit the influence of communist sympathisers and the degree of complicity or otherwise of the university in these activities. The second theme is the role of universities in providing expert advice to government and the implications of this role for academic independence.
The concept of the Cold War university has received significant attention in America in recent years. Discussion on this topic had moved from a belief that government influence over the universities was evil and coercive to a more moderate assessment which emphasises the mutual advantages to be gained in the relationship and the role of university administrators in creating it. Despite some significant cultural and local differences, the ANU conformed quite closely to this latter model of the Cold War university. The federal government and administrators of the university worked closely to create a degree of intellectual conformity and to advocate an attitude of social utility. The US Cold War university experience may not have been directly replicated in Australia but enough similarities remain in the relationship between the government and the ANU for it to be classified as an Australian Cold War university.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 2009
4
Penney, Matthew Tyler. ""Instruments of national purpose". World War II and Southern higher education: Four Texas universities as a case study." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/20690.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation considers the significance of the relationship between the federal government and U.S. higher education during World War II and the immediate postwar years, using four Texas universities (the University of Texas, Texas A&M, Baylor University, and the Rice Institute) as case studies. World War II and Cold War contexts of emergency and moral purpose were manifest in America's institutions of higher learning, which channeled their resources to assist a national agenda. Reciprocally, the federal government provided support to universities on unprecedented scales. This partnership was especially relevant to universities in the South, which had historically lagged behind their non-southern peers in research capability, had been more wary of outside influence, and had tended to stress regionalism over---if not at the expense of---nationalism. Yet despite the changes depicted in this study, a preexisting role of the southern university as serving one or more constituencies made the cooperation with the federal government less of a shift in the uses of the university than might otherwise be apparent. Among the topics that this study looks at in some depth are wartime financing of university research, curricular change, campus trainee programs, postwar veteran enrollments, the southern university as a trainer in so-called American values, and the impetus to assert these values. Of special note is the rise of defense-oriented research agendas and securing the revenues to sustain them. The partnership between the university and the federal government institutionalized a new a way of conducting university business that became so normative in just a few years after World War II as to seem irreversible. This dissertation shows the importance of this partnership at a group of universities outside the few high-profile institutions typically invoked as iconic or indicative of war-era federal cooperation. With its regional perspective that considers the southern university's role in advancing defense research, commerce, and technology, such investigation also highlights another basis on which to recognize World War II and the immediate postwar era as transformative in the history of the U.S. South.
Books on the topic "Higher education; universities; Cold War"
1
M, Neusner Noam M., ed. The price of excellence: Universities in conflict during the Cold War era. New York: Continuum, 1995.
Find full text
2
Christopher, Simpson, ed. Universities and empire: Money and politics in the social sciences during the Cold War. New York: New Press, 1998.
Find full text
3
Confucianism, colonialism, and the Cold War: Chinese cultural education at Hong Kong's New Asia College, 1949-76. Boston: Brill, 2011.
Find full text
4
Colleges and universities in World War II. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1993.
Find full text
5
Reconstructing the campus: Higher education and the American Civil War. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2012.
Find full text
6
Leslie, Stuart W. The Cold War and American science: The military-industrial-academic complex at MIT and Stanford. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Find full text
7
Korwar, Arati R. War of words: Speech codes at public colleges and universities. Nashville, Tenn: Freedom Forum First Amendment Center, 1994.
Find full text
8
Color and money: How rich White kids are winning the war over college affirmative action. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
Find full text
9
Teichler, Ulrich, Barbara Kehm, Christian Schneijderberg, and Nadine Merkator. Verwaltung war gestern?: Neue Hochschulprofessionen und die Gestaltung von Studium und Lehre. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2013.
Find full text
10
Irvine, Russell W. The African American quest for institutions of higher education before the Civil War: The forgotten histories of the Ashmun Institute, Liberia College, and Avery College. Lewiston, N.Y: Edwin Mellen Press, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Higher education; universities; Cold War"
1
Snellman, Outi. "The Evolution of Higher Education Collaboration in the Arctic Through Networking." In The Promise of Higher Education, 127–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_20.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAcademic collaboration across the Arctic region—the eight nations bordering the Arctic Circle (United States, Russia, Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Iceland)—was extremely difficult and restricted during the Cold War years, despite efforts like the establishment of UNESCO and, indeed, the International Association of Universities. Issues and problems, however, do not respect national boundaries: for example, the emergence of massive environmental problems across borders in the region became quite clear during the 1980s. The iron curtain was successful in restricting the movement of people and ideas, but not pollutants.
2
Taylor, John. "Funding of Higher Education." In The Impact of the First World War on British Universities, 91–170. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52433-1_3.
Full text
3
Palmadessa, Allison L. "Dualities and Challenges: Higher Education in the Heart of the Cold War, 1953–1969." In Higher Education Divided, 53–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50746-6_3.
Full text
4
Cîrstocea, Ioana. "Gender Studies and the Higher Education Reform in Romania." In Learning Gender after the Cold War, 295–320. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97888-4_8.
Full text
5
Filippov, Vladimir. "Internationalization of Universities: 70 Years of Experience." In The Promise of Higher Education, 113–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_18.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe creation of the IAU 70 years ago was one of the consequences of evolving international life following the Second World War. This featured the evolution of organizations such as the United Nations, UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the European Union. In higher education, new international policies led to the internationalization of universities (Altbach, 2010). From the beginning, the IAU became one of the international platforms where universities exchanged experiences and built relations. In the acting strategy of IAU adopted in 2016, internationalization is one of the four priorities.
6
Reihlen, Markus, and Ferdinand Wenzlaff. "Institutional Change of European Higher Education: The Case of Post-War Germany." In Multi-Level Governance in Universities, 19–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32678-8_2.
Full text
7
Deeks, Andrew J. "Drivers of Globalisation of Higher Education over the Last 70 Years." In The Promise of Higher Education, 25–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe 70th anniversary of the International Association of Universities provides an opportunity to look back over the post-World War II era, and to reflect on the drivers that have led to the international higher education environment we experience today. The anniversary also provides an opportunity to look forward and to consider how such a globalised system of universities might contribute to future society.
8
Marginson, Simon, and Lili Yang. "Higher Education and Public Good in East and West." In The Promise of Higher Education, 161–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_25.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe 70th year of the IAU has been marked not only by the Covid-19 pandemic but by the geopolitical tension between the United States and China. After almost four decades of cooperation, which began in shared opposition to Soviet Russia and a shared interest in China’s modernisation, the leaders of each country have become strident critics of the other. The escalating war of words has led to disruptions in trade, communications and visas and now threatens the vast and fruitful cooperation between universities and researchers. Much is at stake. Many US universities are in China, such as Stanford with its state-of-the-art centre at Peking University and NYU with a branch campus in Shanghai. Chinese universities benefit from visits in both directions, from bench-marking using American partner templates and from the return of US-trained doctoral graduates. US-China links in science are focused on crucial areas like biomedicine and epidemiology, planetary science and ecology, engineering, materials, energy, cybernetics.
9
Roy Chowdhury, Sunandan. "Cold War to Brand Wars: Global Processes, Developmental Visions, and Indian Higher Education." In Politics, Policy and Higher Education in India, 51–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5056-5_4.
Full text
10
Basile, Carole G. "Arizona State University: A Learning Enterprise Supporting P-12 Education in the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, 287–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_19.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAlthough no one was fully prepared for a pandemic in 2020, Arizona State University was ready and able to respond. As the COVID-19 virus began to spread across the world, ASU began moving university students to remote learning environments. As K-12 schools began to close across the nation, ASU disseminated elementary- and secondary-level educational resources and created hybrid learning opportunities for students of all ages.Three distinct categories of action defined the university’s response to COVID-19: Direct provision of education to P-12 learners Provision of human and intellectual capital (people and ideas) to P-12 schools Curation and provision of free educational resources to learners, families, and schools Many of the existing long-term commitments being pursued by various ASU units had helped the university develop capabilities that could immediately be applied to help elementary and secondary learners and the education professionals serving them during the pandemic. Some of the immediate responses accelerated the university’s efforts to pursue long-term actions that could help both schools and P-12 students and families integrate remote learning and instruction into effective education models.ASU responded rapidly to the educational challenges COVID-19 presented because the university had a high degree of institutional readiness in at least three key areas of operational excellence and organizational culture: A core set of preexisting commitments and functional capabilities in the area of technology-enhanced instruction Strong existing partnerships with P-12 schools An institutional vision to universal learning that demands a university be ready and able to deliver instruction to all learners across many modalities This chapter only represents a moment in time, the beginning of the pandemic, and the actions taken to support and ameliorate consequences. Since this time, much has happened.
Conference papers on the topic "Higher education; universities; Cold War"
1
King-Berry, Arlene, and Carolene Eslyn Charles. "FACULTY & STUDENT RETENTION: KEEPING OUR HBCU-UDC ALIVE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end119.
Full textAbstract:
There is a national crisis around recruiting and retaining students from HBCUs. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education surveyed 64 of 100 HBCUs and found that only five of the schools surveyed graduated more than 50 percent of their students. The statistics are startling because HBCUs, some of which date to Reconstruction in the South after the Civil War (widely accepted as the period from 1865 to 1877), ostensibly was designed to improve an underserved community. Despite the large number of freshmen admitted each year to Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU), a low number graduate (Tinto, 1993). It is, therefore, imperative that HBCUs implement strategies most likely to increase retention and persistence rates. When it comes to taking a closer look at pedagogy and practice in teaching, the COVID-19 Pandemic has created innovative environments for faculty to assess the students. The new perspective has many faculties utilizing evidence-based practices regarding performance-based assessment and other innovative techniques to assess students learning. Online teaching & learning and online assessment are likely to occupy a higher percentage of the future curriculum, which can be seen as a positive development for online learning. A correlation assumed that university faculty satisfaction and fair promotion could have a positive effect on student retention and engagement with a comprehensive analysis of these studies. It is paramount to consider that not only was fundamental student engagement found of tremendous relevance, but the literature is evident that student engagement during the entire higher education experience also leads to higher student retention rates and increased institutional commitment (Burke, 2019). This paper defines retention and persistence at HBCUs and presents the results of a systematic literature review that (a) identifies the challenges that impact student retention and persistence at HBCUs during the COVID-19 Pandemic and (b) delineates research-based practices/strategies recommended to address the academic, socio-emotional, and financial and health/wellness challenges of students attending HBCUs.
2
Garibay, Juan. "A Critical Analysis of Higher Education Reparations at Universities Founded Pre–Civil War." In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1689411.
Full text
3
Contarini, Marina, Anna Bernabè, Marco Manfra, and Davide Turrini. "Design for Cultural Heritage at the University of Ferrara." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11085.
Full textAbstract:
Alongside Teaching and Research, Italian universities are also committed to Public Engagement activities featuring teaching and cultural initiatives for a non-academic audience. At the University of Ferrara, this commitment was translated into an exhibition in April 2019, originating from a virtuous union of cultural heritage and teaching activities. The creation of the “Natura Naturata” exhibition involved the synthesis of taught courses and research by the University of Ferrara's Industrial Product Design students together with their teachers, in collaboration with librarians. In the Product Design 2 Workshop, students develop exhibition projects, starting from the curatorial concept, through the construction, up to the graphic-communicative aspects and the creation of information and teaching tools. The exhibition was created based on the study of rules used to properly protect library assets so that students could gain specific skills for the preparation of bibliographic exhibitions. It took shape in the Chemistry and Life Sciences Library Santa Maria delle Grazie to emphasize the importance of the University's tangible and intangible cultural heritage with the intention of conveying the 'world' of library collections – and also the University's historical and architectural heritage - to students, scholars, and citizens.
4
Zulyar, Yuri. "Irkutsk Universities During the Great Patriotic War." In Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2020. Baikal State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3017-5.02.
Full textAbstract:
The events and processes that took place in the higher education system of Irkutsk are considered. The city, remote from the world war fronts, became a significant center of the active army’s logistics system. The article analyzes one fragment of this status — the participation of the city’s universities in solving tasks that are important for the country and difficult to perform. Irkutsk turned into a University center, where already existing universities increased the output of highly qualified specialists and hosted a number of evacuated universities, providing them with premises, equipment, places to live for teachers and students, and the necessary resources for work and life. At the same time, a small number of University premises were also transferred to hospitals and defense enterprises, and students and teachers took on a significant part of the work on the treatment and maintenance of wounded soldiers.
5
Pernía-Espinoza, Alpha, Enrique Sodupe-Ortega, Sergio Peciña-Marqueta, Sergio Martínez-Bañares, Andres Sanz-Garcia, and Julio Blanco-Fernandez. "Makerspaces in Higher Education: the UR-Maker experience at the University of La Rioja." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5400.
Full textAbstract:
According to the CDIO (Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate) Syllabus, apart from technical knowledge, labour markets are demanding engineers with personal, interpersonal and system building skills. The current educational system, however, is based on teaching theoretical concepts rather than on practical activities. Makerspaces could become a bridge between universities and industry, particularly in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) carriers. Makerspaces, also known as hackerspaces, hack labs and fab labs, are open-access spaces where a community shares tools, machines and knowledge in order to implement an idea. This communication reviews the makerspaces at the world’s top 10 engineering universities and three of the most recognized in Spain. The qualitative data was collected through the universities’ websites. We observed that most of the reviewed universities have outstanding makerspaces for engineering students, generally open to the entire university community. In Spain, the ‘Maker UPV’ was found exceptionally successful in activities and projects performed in spite of their lack of material resources. Lastly, the authors describe their experience implementing a campus makerspace at the University of La Rioja, sharing interesting information about the organization, budget, funding and activities.
6
Pérez Jiménez, M., A. Dávila Rivas, C. Félix Arce, LA Padilla, and MA Cordero-Díaz. "ACADEMIC CONTINUITY OF CLINICAL TRAINING IN POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION AMID THE PANDEMIC." In The 7th International Conference on Education 2021. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/24246700.2021.7108.
Full textAbstract:
The pandemic has posed many challenges for the academic continuity of clinical training. The social responsibility of universities and the professionalism of physicians inspired residents on taking the leadership in the front line of COVID-19. Their direct involvement in patient care required the establishment of protocols to offer mentoring and support services for self-care and mental health strategies to prevent burnout. The objective of this study was to describe the design and implementation of a comprehensive strategy to transform the Multicentric Program of postgraduate medical education in northern Mexico to continue academic and clinical training activities amid the pandemic. The participants in this study include six training centers which represent 290 physicians in 17 medical specialties programs. The results of the designed strategy focus on three specific activities: 1) offering formal curricular elements through online platforms and mobile devices, 2) adaptative clinical training for the residents participating directly in SARS-Cov2 patient care, and 3) specific training on COVID-19 for all participants on patient safety protocols and use of protective equipment. All 17 programs achieved academic continuity by the use of digital platforms. The protection and safety of the educational community were privileged with the purpose of training by providing residents specific safety training on COVID-19, personal protection equipment, periodical PCR testing and by the vaccination strategy. The responsibility and responsiveness of educational institutions to address the challenges to continue the clinical training during the health crisis will significantly affect the educational results and preparedness of the next generation of health professionals. The commitment of universities should be beyond academic continuity or sharing content online, it should address as well self-care and wellbeing strategies that could provide graduates with the skills that are essential to thrive in the current pandemic. Keywords: higher education, educational innovation, postgraduate medical education, residents’ education, COVID-19
7
"An Examination of the Barriers to Leadership for Faculty of Color at U.S. Universities." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4344.
Full textAbstract:
[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Volume 16] Aim/Purpose: The aim and purpose of this study is to understand why there is a dearth of faculty of color ascending to senior levels of leadership in higher education institutions, and to identify strategies to increase the representation of faculty of color in university senior administrative positions. Background: There is a lack of faculty of color in senior level academic administrative position in the United States. Although there is clear evidence that faculty of color have not been promoted to senior level positions at the same rate as their White col-leagues, besides racism there has been little evidence regarding the cause of such disparities. This is becoming an issue of increased importance as the student bodies of most U.S. higher educational institutions are becoming increasingly more inclusive of people of various racial and ethnic backgrounds. Methodology: Qualitative interviews were used. Contribution: This study adds to the research and information made previously available regarding the status of non-White higher educational members in the U.S. by contributing insights from faculty of color who have encountered and are currently encountering forms of discrimination within various institutions. These additions include personal experiences and suggestions regarding the barriers to diversification and implications of the lack of diversity at higher educational institutions. Given the few diverse administrative or executive leaders in service today in higher education, these personal insights provide seldom-heard perspectives for both scholars and practitioners in the field of higher education. Findings: Limited diversity among faculty at higher educational institutions correlates with persistent underrepresentation and difficulty in finding candidates for leadership positions who are diverse, highly experienced, and highly ranked. This lack of diversity among leaders has negative implications like reduced access to mentor-ship, scholarship, and other promotional and networking opportunities for other faculty of color. While it is true that representation of faculty of color at certain U.S. colleges and programs has shown slight improvements in the last decade, nationwide statistics still demonstrate the persistence of this issue. Participants perceived that the White boys club found to some extent in nearly all higher educational institutions, consistently offers greater recognition, attention, and support for those who most resemble the norm and creates an adverse environment for minorities. However, in these findings and interviews, certain solutions for breaking through such barriers are revealed, suggesting progress is possible and gaining momentum at institutions nationwide. Recommendations for Practitioners: To recruit and sustain diverse members of the academic community, institutions should prioritize policies and procedures which allocate a fair share of responsibilities between faculty members and ensure equity in all forms of compensation. In addition, institutional leaders should foster a climate of mutual respect and understanding between members of the educational community to increase confidence of people of color and allow for fresh perspectives and creativity to flourish. Where policies for diversification exist but are not being applied, leaders have the responsibility to enforce and set the example for other members of the organization. Assimilation of diverse members occurs when leaders create an inclusive environment for various cultures and advocate for social and promotional opportunities for all members of the organization. Recommendations for Researchers: Significant research remains on understanding barriers to the preparation of faculty of color for leadership in higher education. While this research has provided first-hand qualitative perspectives from faculties of color, additional quantitative study is necessary to understand what significant differences in underrepresentation exist by race and ethnicity. Further research is also needed on the compound effects of race and gender due to the historic underrepresentation of women in leadership positions. At the institutional and departmental level, the study validates the need to look at both the implicit and explicit enforcement of policies regarding diversity in the workplace. Future Research: Higher education researchers may extend the findings of this study to explore how faculty of color have ascended to specific leadership roles within the academy such as department chair, academic dean, provost, and president.
8
Fleischman, David, and Peter English. "The alumni narrative of the connection between university skills and knowledge, and industry: An ‘outside-in’ understanding." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9347.
Full textAbstract:
This study takes an ‘outside-in’ approach by exploring the narratives of university alumni working in industry. The aim of the study is to understand how engaging with industry alumni supports and informs graduate skills and knowledge needed for future employability, and university career/future focused curriculum design. To achieve the aim, the study adopted an Appreciative Inquiry approach to guide a series of n=8 depth interviews recorded in a digital video format. This approach provided alumni with a platform to construct their unique professional narratives in a manner that was relatable and engaging to students, and that universities could use as an educational tool. Data from the interviews resulted in three main themes: 1) the necessity of soft-skills and work experience, 2) the importance of resilience, and 3) the willingness to constantly learn. Theoretically, the findings contribute externally validated support and extension of important and desirable graduate attributes, providing evidence for informing and extending career/future focused curriculum design. Practically, the findings provide students and universities with professional confirmation and foresight of the skills and knowledge needed to transition and navigate the professional workforce, along with an educational tool to implement into curriculum.
9
Retamosa, Marta, Ángel Millán, and Juan Antonio García. "Thinking about going to university? Segmenting undergraduates." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9208.
Full textAbstract:
Choosing a university is a crucial decision in a person's life because, most of the time, the acquisition of a university degree allows him access to better working conditions. Universities are interested in knowing the factors that students cite as impacting their choice of university. This study aims to classify future university students according to different evaluation criteria that could help university administrators to improve their recruitment and positioning strategies. Building on the growing body of knowledge related to the marketing of Higher Education Institutions, the current study seeks to further explore the existence of segments featuring different selection patterns. The main goal of this study was tested by applying Latent Class Analysis as a segmentation method, also referred to as Latent Class Cluster Analysis. This study found that students have different sets of motivations for their choice of Higher Education Institutions, and also found significant differences in the motivations of males and females with regard to university selection. All of these findings are of great importance to the managers of university brands, particularly at the university under study.
10
Angulo, Marlenne, and Marco Turrubiartes. "On-Line Education in Computer Networks Courses. Study Case: UABC University." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2652.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, distance learning is increasing its application in Mexican Universities; despite that it is not enough to satisfy the demand of higher education in Mexico. This paper presents a comparative analysis of undergraduate student performance in two systems: face-to-face and On-Line education. This analysis was realized with two different courses: Local area network and Interconnectivity. These two courses are part of the Computer Engineering curricula. The results show two important issues: the students are more participative and the team work is improved in the on-line class. The original idea of this work was to quantitatively evaluate face to face and On-line educational systems applied in computer networks. Finally they could not be compared in that manner. Both systems are options that the students have, and according to their profile they can choose the most convenient alternative. Finally, the Internet is a tool, it does not give better or worse education by itself, it has some advan-tages/disadvantages that should be taken into account when an On-Line course is designed.