Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Higher density housing'
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1
Atthakor, Songpol. "Terrace housing : providing quality in higher-density housing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63200.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1992.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-126).
The higher demand of higher-density housing in Bangkok due to the rapid growth of the economy and the use of high-performance materials and modern construction methods has changed the forms of housing from low-rise buildings to multistorey apartments. During the last two decades, people in Bangkok have faced problems of living in high-density housing and lack of open space, which limit the quality of living space. Providing better quality of living space above ground must therefore be considered. Terrace housing, that is multi-story housing with open spaces on each level, is a building type which has the advantage of providing the qualities of private open spaces to each unit of building. Terrace building types have been a popular solution to modern housing design for quality in multi-story aj-jartment buildings. There is a great variety of this building type: roof top, hillside, on ground free standing terrace, vertical stack, courtyard terrace, artificial hill terrace and cluster terrace. The main purpose is to provide compensation of living quality on the ground to individual units and common area in the air. Terrace buildings also respond well to their environment. However, terrace buildings require many special architectural and technical considerations. A study of this building type will help to clarify the design and technical considerations of terrace housing design and provide design alternatives for better living conditions city. The work deals with terrace houses on flat sites in the city of Bangkok on two main contextual levels. 1. General level; Guidelines for off-ground terrace buildings are described by means of the specific components of the building types which are generated by internal requirements and external conditions (such as spatial requirements, climates and urban contexts ). 2. Specific Level; This level is based on practical considerations of the process of representing a terrace building. Prototypical forms of terrace housing will be matched with quality of housing and technological systems. The results provide suggestions for the design of this building type and a selected design alternative.
by Songpol Atthakar.
M.S.
2
Turner, David. "Planning for higher density: concepts of privacy in Auckland���s culture of housing." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/7331.
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This thesis is concerned with the theory and practice of urban housing.
Houses are a socially located ���collection of rights, opportunities, assets, and
attributes��� (Donnison and Ungerson, 1982, 11); at the same time, housing
describes and expresses an urban culture and its values. The activities of New
Zealand���s commercial housing supply system are governed by planning and
building legislation enacted in a political climate ideologically aligned with the
social customs of an electorate that has historically expressed a preference for
political conservatism, non-intervention, and de-regulation. Harsher aspects of
social policy have been modified in a long period of Labour-led coalition
government since 1999; but environmental legislation has remained largely
unchanged since reforms of 1991 re-oriented planning legislation to suit a market
economy. In this environment, objectives of sustainability in ordinary private
housing developments are inscribed as a market responsibility, with a limited set
of mandatory technical standards.
The planning and architecture of housing are political acts that represent
and interpret the substance of a social vernacular in a process that is decisively
influenced by political priorities in a liberal democracy. This position is
reconcilable with argument supporting the notion of sustainable urban housing
as an artefact connected functionally and theoretically to collective habits of
vernacular-based social systems (Alexander, 1979, 1987; Habraken, 1998). In
such arguments, sustainability is a subsidiary but dependent condition of
housing supply. For sustainable urban development to be achieved the inherited
paradigms of ���house��� need to be constructed in the managed provision of new
housing forms. Political ideologies of the planning framework thus become
relevant to a housing study.
Auckland is a regional city with a relatively high population growth rate,
and with strategic planning policies intended to achieve sustainable urban
environments through a medium density housing typology. Housing at medium
density has not previously been tested in the private sector in New Zealand.
Planning policies, in this situation, become the political instruments through
which a new housing model is to be developed.
From an analysis of New Zealand���s housing history, affective density and
interpretations of privacy are argued to be critical dimensions of a socially and
economically sustainable housing form. Contemporary interpretations of privacy
correspond to economic habits that underpin New Zealand society. It is argued
that both New Zealand���s construct of social privacy and its political economy can
be traced to origins in John Locke���s protestant liberal philosophy. An
epistemology of density and privacy in New Zealand���s urban and suburban
housing traditions is considered in relation to Locke, and to Polanyi���s theory of
tacit and explicit forms of knowledge, used in his thesis to re-conceptualise
understandings of privacy as a social fact. These ideas constitute a basis for the
planning of higher density housing in forms that could be shaped to suit the
social habits and environmental conditions of Auckland.
This thesis examines the question: what higher density forms of housing
will meet the needs of ordinary house-holders in Auckland in the twenty-first
century?
3
Raynor, Katrina E. "Defining the density debate: Social representations of urban consolidation in Brisbane." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107711/1/Katrina_Raynor_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is concerned with understanding the social representations that impact on how stakeholders understand, value and act in relation to urban consolidation, a planning policy designed to increase the density of housing in existing urban areas. The study revealed that urban consolidation is a complex topic that involves associated issues of land use conflict, regional population management, investment and property, home and housing affordability, neighbourhood change and urban renewal. Urban consolidation is a political topic subject to vested interests and often doesn't achieve the positive outcomes for which it is promoted in policy documents.
4
Timlett, Rose. "Recycling in high and medium density housing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543417.
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Chong, Fook Loong. "Housing & urban models: high density, low-rise housing in Singapore." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.729312.
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Goh, Ai Tee. "Courtyard housing in the UK : Potentials for high density-low energy urban housing." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526861.
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The Garden City Movement has been a trigger for the design development of the courtyard house for the working class single family in Northern Europe in the late-1920s. This house form was experimented with in the UK for three decades since the late-1950s, and has since been neglected as only few architects have explored its contemporary relevance. This research seeks to investigate the potential of reinterpreting the contemporary courtyard house for creating an urban housing that can adapt to the changing needs of its dwellers over time in the UK. Four main research problems have been identified: the lack of a comprehensive study of the courtyard house type in the UK; a mismatch between the kinds of house needed by a family throughout their life course and the house provided by the market; a paucity of knowledge regarding the concept for housing mobility; and the biased observations on the sustainability (thermal performance) of this house form in the UK. A holistic approach was used in this thesis to ensure that a greater insight can be developed in examining the potentials of courtyard housing in providing low rise high density and low energy housing in the UK. The research began with a literature review followed by a combination of different research method techniques such as content analysis, ordinance survey mastermap analysis and overt non-participant field observations to collect information about the contemporary courtyard house schemes in the UK. A post occupancy evaluation (POE) study was then carried out on three carefully selected recently completed courtyard housing schemes in the UK. A postal questionnaire survey, in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews and overt non-participant observation techniques were adopted to examine users' perceptions of the performance of this house according to a number of selected criteria. Next, the cross tabulations and logistic regression analysis techniques on data of censuses obtained from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (LS) were carried out to establish if there is any evidence to support the argument that design (housing and environmental) factors rather than economic ones influenced individuals' housing mobility. Finally, Ecotect, the thermal performance analysis tool was used to evaluate the thermal performance for different house forms in the UK. The tool was then used to investigate the best thermally performing courtyard house configuration in the UK. Furthermore, the case studies technique was adopted to examine architectural and environmental design strategies and approaches to design towards zero energy for space heating in a home. There are four key contributions in this research. Firstly, a systematic survey of courtyard housing schemes designed and/ or developed in the UK from 1950s to the present day was completed with the aim to provide a comprehensive database for designers, planners and policy makers. Secondly, the results from POE studies of three recently completed courtyard house schemes in the UK, show that the `Home' received the highest level of satisfaction in all cases. The evidence collected through the POE studies suggest that the courtyard house type (when it is well designed) is well suited for creating a contemporary family house in an urban area. Thirdly, the empirical evidence from the housing mobility study seem to suggest that design (housing and environment) constitutes one of the most important variable influencing individuals' housing mobility in the England and Wales. The best model to predict `house move' made by individuals between 1991 and 2001 Censuses in the England and Wales is a combination of variables from design/ environmental (accommodation type, population density and number of rooms in house), social (age, household type and number of person in house) and economic (social class). Last but not least, this study establishes that the long-narrow with the internal court configuration performed (thermally) better than L-, I-, Z- and T-shaped courtyard house. Careful planning and layout may improve its thermal performance to reach results that are better than terraced house. Additionally, nine architectural design principles were recommended to ensure low energy consumption for residential buildings in the UK.
7
Chen, Zheng. "HIGH-DENSITY URBAN HOUSING IN CHINA: The Living Environment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555301.
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Chan, Kit-chu Winky. "Density and design : high density private residential development in Hong Kong (TaiKoo Shing and Mei Foo Sun Chuen) /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13814138.
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Yiu, Wing-kin Jason. "Experimental housing for diversity of home in a high density city." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31987448.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004.Includes special report study entitled:Study of traditional house and spaces bonding the house and community or, Study of traditional houses, and spaces bonding families and the community. Also available in print.
10
Li, Siu-ping. "Crimes and high-density urban living : an empirical study /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40887716.
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Morton, Everett L. (Everett Livingston). "Courtyard housing, a solution for high-density, low-rise single-family housing in the U.S." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68726.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-41).
This thesis examines the potential application of the L-shaped courtyard house in an American context. Privacy for the dwelling and its grounds is a key issue to be addressed. It is shown than a traditional single-family detached house will provide sufficient privacy on lots of one-quarter acre or more. However, an alternate solution must be developed in higher-density applications of one-eighth acre or less. The principal design elements desired in a traditional home are identified and incorporated into an alternate design solution. The courtyard house is proposed as an alternate and it is shown that, contrary to popular belief, such a house form can function in temperate climates without excessive heat loss. The reason for prizing an L-shaped courtyard house over other variations in a high-density application is explained in light of privacy and solar access issues. A detailed discussion of design elements in an L-shaped application include: inter-unit privacy issues, the courtyard size and passive solar heating applications, the dwelling layout and interior zoning, entry location, Circulation, facade treatment, parking, grouping or clustering, and expansion potential. It is demonstrated that the L-shaped design will satisfy American standards within a high-density urban context of eight to twelve units per acre.
by Everett L. Morton.
M.S.
12
Chan, Kit-chu Winky, and 陳潔珠. "Density and design: high density private residential development in Hong Kong (TaiKoo Shing and Mei Foo SunChuen)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258165.
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Lam, Wai-yuk, and 林惠玉. "Housing management of high-rise and high density development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967784.
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Lam, Wai-yuk. "Housing management of high-rise and high density development in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14739215.
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Yip, Mo-bing. "Housing design as a shaper of dwellers' behaviour : a study of the high density high rise housing in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18812399.
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Du, Wei 1962. "A study of medium-rise high-density housing : Beijing, 1979-1990." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22542.
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In China, huge population and limited arable land resources constitute one of the basic contradictions in urban mass housing design. As a stereotype, medium-rise apartment buildings were constructed to attain high densities all over the country during the 1980s. The extensive use of the housing typologies caused problems in many aspects. This reflects the poverty of architectural solutions and the consequences of the socio-economic systems of the country.Focusing on the aspects of single building design and site planning, this thesis analyses the methods to reach high building densities in medium-rise mass housing design in Beijing from 1979 to 1990. The study is conducted through the review of the socio-economic issues and the introduction of mass housing design of the country. It intends to see the interrelationships between ways to attain high building densities and the socio-economic backgrounds.
The research indicates that methods to reach high building densities are many. Ways used in Beijing during 1980s were based on the socio-economic system at the time being. These ways are not appropriate in terms of the unique urban context of the city and could be thus replaced by others.
17
Aggarwal, Monica. "Outdoor play areas for children in high-density housing in Montreal." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31025.
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Children form a bulk of the Canadian population, but have no control over the economic purse that decides their future. The "action-radii" of children between the ages of 6 years to 10 years is limited to the surrounding neighbourhood. This is also the age of physical exercise, emotional, social and full personality development in which play constitutes an important education tool. Over the years, the urgent need to create high-density housing led to subsidized housing projects. During this process, providing an ideal environment in which to raise children has been overlooked. So, what do the children do? Where do they play? The objective of this study is to decipher the functional and safe outdoor areas preferred by children living in high-density housing in Montreal. This led to the evaluation of various mini-parks in the neighbourhood of the Plateau Mont-Royal with respect to their design elements and the play patterns of the children. The identification of positively and negatively perceived play areas demonstrates the child's point of view. This research investigates the relationship between the child, the open spaces and the surrounding built environment in an effort to create an awareness of the need to design a more responsive, cooperative and sympathetic environment for children in urban settings.
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Yiu, Wing-kin Jason, and 姚永健. "Experimental housing for diversity of home in a high density city." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31987448.
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Yip, Mo-bing, and 葉慕冰. "Housing design as a shaper of dwellers' behaviour: a study of the high density high rise housing in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968181.
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Leung, Kam Shing. "Climate-responsive design for high-density tropical housing : the effect of urban morphology on the indoor thermal environment of high-density housing in the hot and humid climate." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609287.
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V, Tromsa Ye. "FEATURES OF ARCHITECTURAL-PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF MEDIUM-RISE HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL HOUSING." Thesis, ПОЛІТ.Сучасні проблеми науки.Гуманітарні науки:тези доповідей XVII Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції молодих учених і студентів:[y 2-x т.].Т.2(м.Київ,4-7 квітня 2017 р.)/[ред.кол.:В.М.Ісаєнко та ін.]; Національний авіаційний університет.-К.:НАУ,2017.-374 с, 2017. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/27739.
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Constant population growth creates demand for land resources including residential space. Population growth requires certain density of city environment and architecture with the correspondent qualities. Under the conditions of high density, architectural forms may be the most viable models of future architecture in general and residential buildings in particular.
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Lee, Chun-man John. "Discovery of new housing typology in high density living development an alternative way of public housing design vs. infectious disease /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31987126.
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Lee, Chun-man John, and 李俊文. "Discovery of new housing typology in high density living development: an alternative way of public housing designvs. infectious disease." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31987126.
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Harper, Caleb Benjamin. "Vertical Village : towards a new typology of high-density low-income urban housing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87539.
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Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Apocalyptic global urbanization is old news. For generations statistically supported oracles have warned against the rising tide of rapid urban growth, one must only casually search the keywords "urban slum" on Goggle to witness the physical manifestation of these abstract predictions across the world. One would expect that with such continuous and advanced warning the landscape of global low-income urban architecture would be highlighted with innovative approaches to housing our ever densifying urban populations. However contemporary high-density low-income housing projects largely continue to rely on post-war modern architectural paradigms that view the creation of high-density low-income housing in isolation avoiding the messiness of a diverse social, environmental, infrastructural and economic context. Future typologies of high-density low-income housing must embrace and re-imagine their relativity within larger urban ecologies and in the process develop as responsive multi-cellular organisms, as opposed to autonomous products. This is not a new or novel idea, finding its roots in village models as early as the 14th century. The foundational components of communal living have not changed significantly in the last 800 years, remaining concretized in the defensibility, production and sociability of the collective. It is the aim of this body of research to elaborate and expose the 21st century high-density low-income urban village and to three-dimensionally assemble its components into intelligent and evocative discourse.
by Caleb Benjamin Harper.
M. Arch.
25
Park, Gene S. (Gene Sungjin). "Transformation of the courtyard house--low-rise high density urban housing in Korea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76405.
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Thesis (M. Arch)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1987.Includes bibliographical references (p. 45).
The idea of low-rise high-density urban housing is based on two fundamental objectives: 1) To provide higher density by intensifying land use as urban growth escalates at an unprecedented rate. 2) To reconsider the essential qualities of house - a house with a garden, light and air. Modern high-rise apartments provide greater density and improved living conditions in terms of proper sanitation, electricity, and open space. But it lacks individuality and promotes a high degree of anonymity leading to limited social contact between neighbors. It dissociates the house from the ground and creates ambiguous open space between buildings. Single-family detached houses provides individuality and open space but detachment is not only meaningless but highly inefficient in terms of land use The courtyard house provides an alternative solution by combining advantages of individual house and high density housing. Its introverted nature allow dense clustering while maintaining a private open space. The design takes this traditionally horizontal aggregation of dwellings one step further to increase its potential density. It proposes a vertical courtyard house while maintaining access to light and air, visual and acoustical privacy, efficiency of construction, and a revitalization of street life and open space.
by Gene S. Park.
M.Arch
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Riley, Colin M. 1964. "Developing high-density housing near Tren Urbano stations : financial feasibility for transit supportive condominiums." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32184.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-135).
The confluence of rail transit and real estate development opportunities in San Juan, Puerto Rico raises a number of questions related to the future built form of the city and surrounding region. As the construction of Tren Urbano nears completion many advocate transit supportive development that captures the social benefits that results for public investment in Tren Urbano. Private developers have been slow to react to the potential for transit supportive real housing. This research brings together the urban design ideas expressed in New Urbanism and real estate investment decision modeling to forecast the potential for building transit supportive housing at the Martinez Nadal station within the next two years. The analysis shows that market demand for high-density housing in San Juan is strong, a reflection of rising income levels in Puerto Rico and an increase in the number of households. In addition, recent housing development in the Greater San Juan region has started to shift to mid-rise walk-ups and highrise condominiums. However, the link between high-density housing and rail transit is still not firmly established In terms of the financial decision modeling for future transit supportive housing, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is used to estimate a risk-adjusted discount rate for housing development. The Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) investment decision rules are applied to four stylized housing programs synthesized from recent housing development practice in San Juan. The investment potential of the stylized housing projects is evaluated under different conditions. First, the result from a market development that ignores the impact of the transit system is established. The model then adjusts for reduced parking ratios to account for transit supportive housing. In one case, the results show that the investment will continue to be profitable up to a six percent reduction in the average price for a condominium unit when the parking is reduced from two spaces per dwelling to a more transit friendly ratio of one space. In another case, the size of the public subsidy that is required to develop the housing is estimated to be 15 percent of total development cost. The results show that there is a real opportunity for transit supportive housing in San Juan. However, Tren Urbano will need to play an active role in getting projects such as these off the ground. Key words: Transit supportive housing, reduced parking, sound investment practice, densification, condominium ownership, developer's required return on equity.
by Colin M. Riley.
M.C.P.
27
Lehman, Theodore Welby. "complexity form order structure." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42808.
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This thesis project is complex because of its crystalline form. It is ordered through structural hierarchy and modularity. The presence of both complexity and order gives articulation to all scales of the project, allows for variety without chaos, and repetition without monotony. All of these characteristics are essential for the program of a high-rise residential building that accommodates 1,500 people.Master of Architecture
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Madikane, Thulani. "Perceptions and preferences on high density residential development in low-cost housing : a case study of Langa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52989.
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Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The provision of low-cost housing constitutes one of South Africa's biggest challenges. As a result, high density residential development, amid an ever increasing urban population in South Africa, is seen as the answer to address the housing problems by the authorities. The concept of densification presupposes, upon its implementation, the advantages of promoting an integrated urban system, more economical use of land, a better quality of life for the recipients, containing urban sprawl and the protection of the agricultural and natural resources. However, the application of the concept of high density development in low-cost housing has been criticised for failing to fulfil its main objectives which are intended to better the lives of the people. The hypothesis is that the concept of densification may impact negatively on the quality of family living. As a result, the main objective of this study is to seek statistical data which is related to quality of family living and to uncover the views and experiences of household members. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire, interviews and literature-based research method was adopted in this study. In addition, built housing models complemented the questionnaire. Since part of the government's high density development strategy is to expand the existing townships, the Langa township in the Western Province was chosen to conduct the study. The findings of this study revealed that the application of the concept of high density development in Langa has resulted in situations of overcrowding and noise, a lack of privacy, smaller housing structures and erven, a lack of space for children to play and adults to socialise and regular clashes between the residents and the authorities regarding these issues. Therefore, the hypothesis that although densification may have resulted in more housing units being built whilst at the same time impacting negatively on the quality of family living has been proven to be true by this study. However, this study has revealed the fact that although there is nothing inherently wrong with the concept of densification, the problem lies with the manner in which the concept is applied in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die voorsiening van laekostebehuising vorm deel van Suid-Afrika se grootste uitdagings. Die resultaat is dat die ontwikkeling van woongebiede met hoë digthede deur die owerhede gesien word as een van die oplossings vir behuisingsprobleme van 'n steeds snelgroeiende stedelike bevolking. Met die toepassing van die konsep van verdigting word daar veronderstel dat die voordele van 'n geintegreerde stedelike stelsel, die ekonomiese gebruik van grond, beter lewensgehalte vir burgers, die beperking van stedelike uitgestrektheid en die beskerming van landbou- en natuurlike hulpbronne, verwesenlik sal word. Die toepassing van die konsep van verdigting in laekostebehuising word egter gekritiseer omdat dit tekortskiet in die primere doelwit wat daarop gemik is om die lewensgehalte van burgers te bevorder. Die hipotese is dat die konsep van verdigting gesinslewe en daarby die lewenskwaliteit van persone negatief kan beinvloed. Die doel van die studie is dus om statistiese data wat verband hou met die gehalte van gesinslewe , in te win ten einde sienswyses en ervarings van gesinne in laekoste woonbuurte te verwoord. Om hierdie doelwit te bereik, is 'n vraelys, onderhoude en 'n literatuurgebaseerde navorsingsmetode gevolg. Bykomende behuisingsmodelle het die vraelys gekomplementeer. Aangesien die regering se verdigtingstrategie vir ontwikkeling ten doel het om bestaande townships uit te brei, is Langa in die Wes-Kaap gekies as studiegebied. Die bevindinge van die studie toon aan dat die implementering van die konsep van die ontwikkeling van hoë digte, laekostebehuising oorbevolking en geraas, 'n gebrek aan privaatheid, kleiner huisstrukture en erwe, 'n gebrek aan speelplek vir kinders en onvoldoende plek vir volwassenes om te sosialiseer, teweeg gebring het - die toestande het tot gereelde botsings tussen die inwoners en owerhede gelei. Die studie bewys dus die hipotese dat hoewel verdigting tot die bou van meer behuisingseenhede gelei het, dit ook 'n negatiewe impak op die gehalte van gesinslewe meegebring het. Die studie bewys dat hoewel daar niks inherent met die konsep van verdigting verkeerd is nie, die probleem Iê in die manier waarop die konsep binne Suid-Afrika toegepas word.
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Coorey, Shaleeni B. A. "Design of open spaces in high density zones case study of public housing estates in Hong Kong /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39848905.
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Li, Siu-ping, and 李小冰. "Crimes and high-density urban living: an empirical study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40887716.
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Dwyer, Scott Michael. "A method for evaluating energy-related low-carbon improvement options for urban high density social housing." Thesis, Ulster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497335.
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Lallie, Silimela. "High-density affordable housing impact investing: a best-in-class project screening credit risk management model." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25095.
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Constrained housing supply coupled with rapid urbanisation and a volatile domestic credit market have put affordable rental housing development under the spotlight. Addressing this demands appropriate and deliberate capital provisions to induce the property development market to deliver the scale needed to tackle the supply-side of the problem. Inducements are needed for residential property developers to choose to develop high-density affordable rental housing on land that presents great accessibility to economically vibrant nodes, where land is priced at a premium. The greenfield residential property development space is in need of sophisticated and specific funding interventions to evolve it beyond the sporadic developments we observe located on the urban periphery on cheap land. The benefits of sophisticated funding models in commercial property have seen the widespread proliferation of building and investment activity. Rental housing, however, lags behind owing to an immature market, shallow investment analysis and rudimentary risk-weighted debt-funding solutions. These funding instruments impede developers building affordable housing schemes on well-located parcels of land near existing amenities and profoundly incorporate green technology into buildings. This research presents a proof of concept for a sophisticated model for high-density housing. A largely 'spatial economic' model for risk analysis, it is developed to attain a so-called Probability of Default Ratio ("PDR") by coalescing two formulae regarded as international best-practice: The risk types incorporated into the model are (1) borrower-level credit risk, (2) property/development-level risk, and (3) cash-flow risk factors. The research is proof of concept of a credit risk management tool for impact investment funding model using these formulae and Geographic Information Systems ("GIS"). It calculates the extent of credit risk for income-producing real estate fundamentals and uses endogenous factors- risk factors and drivers associated with the housing scheme to be build and the surrounding area it is to be built in. The study area covers the 336 contiguous municipal wards that make up the Johannesburg, Tshwane and Ekurhuleni metropolitan municipalities.
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王永德 and Wing-tak Wong. "Can high density provide quality housing in Hong Kong?: a case study of Amoy Garden, Richland Garden and TelfordGarden." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261371.
Full text
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Wilkinson, Sarah Wraye. "Suburban New Urbanist Environments: The Resident Experience." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10187.
Full textAbstract:
xii, 69 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.New Urbanists promote development modeled upon neighborhoods that are highdensity and mixed-use with connected streets so that residents will drive less and have a strong sense of community. Little is known about whether New Urbanist environments provide the envisioned change in living experience for those who reside there. This study assesses changes in the living experience of residents of a suburban New Urbanist environment located in Eugene, Oregon, relative to their living experience in their previous residential environment. Findings reveal that respondents drive less for some but not all types of trips. There are no significant changes in sense of community. Changes in housing density and land-use mix are found associated with driving behavior change. Change in the enjoyment of the walking environment is found associated with changes in levels of resident interaction and feelings of sense of community.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Yizhao Yang, Chair; Dr. Robert Young; Robert Parker
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Mazinyo, Sonwabo Perez. "Community participation in solid waste management in high-density low-income areas: the case of C-Section in Duncan Village." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/261.
Full textAbstract:
Solid waste management in high density low-income areas is a problem that manifests itself in ubiquitous illegal dumpsites and unhealthy living environmental conditions. Community participation in solid waste management in Duncan Village, C-Section has been found to be part of the solution to this problem. This study investigates community participation in SWM at household level, community waste project level and at informal salvaging/scavenging level. The integration of community participation into existing Buffalo City Municipality waste management plans and the nature of the relationship between the different interest groups are investigated. This study employs qualitative research methods where interviews and participatory observations are used to investigate key objectives. The nature of the relationships between councillors, C-Section residents and the Buffalo City Municipality Departments are tenuous and fraught with conflicts. These conflicts emerge due to the lack of communication as well as due to the non-integration of the community interest groups‟ views and activities into solid waste management in C-Section. The study suggests that this lack of communication should be addressed and that integrated participation of all stakeholders must be encouraged for effective solid waste management in a high density low-income community.
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Májek, Jan. "Kompaktní formy bydlení." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233240.
Full textAbstract:
"The compact forms of housing" is a term with which the Czech interior design yet do not often occur. This concept densely built low-rise residential files yet carries a strong potential not only in matters of mere living, but also offers one of the progressive alternative ways of living environment in general. Examined form of residential buildings is becoming increasingly important especially in specific situations where conventional housing is failing and instead generates other social problems. This thesis is primarily seeking the maximum extent available to document the issue of a compact housing, describe its basic form and point out the historical roots of this typology. The acquired knowledge was then subjected to an in-depth analysis, the output of which is to be the most comprehensive characterization researched the topic and its inclusion in the context of the standard forms of housing. The result is a set of research information, assumptions and typological bases that determine the primary urban, architectural, or social limits of the residential category. This work attempts to take into account the specified topic in the broader context of housing as a basic human need. As a result of findings would be its contribution to the culture scene in our home and create a theoretical material that would become an essential information base for creating compact residential files. The conclusions of this research can be further developed, tested and refined in the educational process at the faculties of architecture or in the practice. The results of research could stimulate interest in this type of housing and contribute to the enrichment of Czech housing scene of a synthetic form, which will form the connecting link between the typological family house and an apartment building. Low-rise housing complexes with a high population density can also create an effective counterbalance to the typical suburban development of part-time family home and offer method, respectively one of the alternative ways to be with this dilapidated urban housing estate deal.
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Swart, Johan. "Urban church, re-developing space within Pretoria's Schubart Park complex." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30293.
Full textAbstract:
The study investigates the development of church infrastructure within the urban environment. A symbiotic interaction between church form and urban conditions is proposed and contextualised through analysis of existing church models and current spatial concerns within Pretoria’s inner-city. The potential of church as agent for urban renewal and community development is identified and the study generates a spatial and programmatic model aligned with the inner-city’s need for meaningful and integrated interventions. A systemic definition of church proposes a multi-layered programme based on partnership and interaction while alternative church positioning suggests the concept of re-claiming inner-city spaces, applied through the re-development of the Schubart Park housing complex. AFRIKAANS : Hierdie studie ondersoek die ontwikkeling van kerk infrastruktuur in die stedelike omgewing. ‘n Simbiotiese interaksie tussen kerkvorm en stedelike kondisies word voorgestel en gekontekstualiseer deur analise van bestaande kerk modelle en ruimtelike kwessies in die middestad van Pretoria. studie identifiseer die potensiaal van kerk as agent vir stedelike hernuwing en gemeenskapsontwikkeling en vervolgens word n ruimtelike en programmatiese model in lyn gestel met die middestad se tekort aan betekenisvolle en geintegreerde ingrypings. Sistemiese definisie van kerk stel n gelaagde program voor gebasseer op vennootskap en interaksie terwyl alternatiewe plasing van die hergebruik van stedelike ruimtes voorstel wat toegepas word deur die herontwikkeling van die Schubart Park behuisings kompleks.Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Architecture
unrestricted
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Vašáková, Dagmar. "Bydlení v soudobém městě - architektonicko urbanistická studie využití Kohnovy cihelny v Brně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215868.
Full textAbstract:
Interest about living in the city is increasing and people look suitable sites for newconstruction. Boundary of these good places expand into the landscape. Undeveloped areas have become valuable goods and it is important to build up the appropriate form of building with critical density, which will provide new space for living, but also contribute to raising living standards and it elevate all surrounding area. Variable and flexible solution of my architectural and urban design fights with evacuation people into urban sprawl and try put there quality housing to the city center and try to be a timeless concept,which will be able to respond to different human rights requirements and wishes. The built up area will be created by grouping the proposed houses and residential houses into blocks. Individual detached houses are designed in a range of four sizes for satisfy of people who require small houses and for people which findmore comfortable living. Different sizes of houses could satisfy both seniors and young couples and families with children and the solution ensure local settlement by people of all ages and this creates a healthy demographers structure for place.
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Spurná, Tereza. "Intenzivní dům v Brně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-394016.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma project designs architectural study of Intensive Urban Housing in the city of Brno, district Veveří. Its proposed a building of complex form on vacant site desined by Veveří, Kounicova, Pekárenská and Sokolská Streets which used to be a military grounds. Intensive Urban Housing includes wide community amenities and dwelling for different social groups. As it is located on within walking distance to services which makes the complex self-sufficient, the transport demands are reduced. The proposal works with differentiation of public space, main buildings volumes and facade arrangement that create a lovely city environment and new atractive location in the city of Brno.
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Ruzycky, Daniel. "An Investigation into the Household and Resident Composition of Higher Density Residential Districts in the Greater Toronto Area." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4198.
Full textAbstract:
The intensification of existing urban areas has become a common strategy
used by planners to combat the negative aspects associated with unrestrained
urban growth. This paper investigates the cultural and socio-economic
characteristics of higher density households and residents of both owned and
rented tenures in the Greater Toronto Area’s three constituent urban zones, the
central city, the inner suburbs and the outer suburbs, between 2001 and 2006.
Canada census data at the dissemination area level is used to produce
descriptive statistics for the 100 variables included in the analysis. Although
research relating to higher density housing is abundant, the consideration and
affirmation of higher density housing sub-markets in the Greater Toronto Area
based on location and tenure makes this study unique. It becomes clear that the
diversity of the higher density housing market must be regarded during the
planning process. The findings will be useful to planners for the purposes of
infrastructure planning, community planning and aid in the implementation of
urban intensification strategies in the Greater Toronto Area.
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Haughton, Brittany L. "A Renovation to Develop Community, Build Connections and Support Student Needs in The Southwest Residential Towers at The University of Massachusetts Amherst." 2012. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/881.
Full textAbstract:
In a time of increased admissions at State Colleges and Universities students are at risk for various concerning factors including decreased academic performance, feelings of isolation and alienation from faculty, staff and their peers, and other issues of mental health. Intentional architectural programming, primarily the public spaces within residence halls, can help to alleviate these issues for students and ensure that they are connected to their residential community not only academically but personally.
This thesis will discuss how the increase in college admissions has affected residence hall communities and the personal development of students attending large academic institutions. It will analyze current residence hall spaces and propose a renovation for the Southwest Residential Area towers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst which house at least 580 students per tower. Issues of crowding, stress and over stimulation as a result of the built environment will be assessed and discussed to illuminate the need for renovation in the Southwest Residential Area towers, the largest halls on the UMass campus. The proposed renovation focuses on providing students who live in towers with public spaces that connect the community. This renovation reflects the original design intent of Hugh Stubbins, the complex’s architect, who designed the towers to consist of three vertically stacked houses. Each house, consisting of seven floors in the tower will be connected with a series of atria that feature small study and social spaces along their main circulation. The main public space floor of the residence hall, located at the center of the 7-floor vertically stacked house, will undergo the largest renovation of all the floors and will feature centralized service spaces such as mail, laundry and cooking facilities in addition to a large community gathering space and study spaces. The students’ personal spaces have also been renovated to maximize sunlight, reduce roommate viii conflicts, and provide personalized intermediary space that will architecturally draw students towards their public spaces.
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Park, Minsik. "Alternative spatial frameworks in high-density housing." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/17536.
Full textAbstract:
My thesis is an investigation of alternative spatial frameworks in high-density housing. My thesis proposes that ordinary dwellings can be transformed into extra-ordinary space through the use of spatial frameworks. I believe this Habitat '02 is one possible prototype housing. Still I have to study more but, it contains a lot of potential for the future and I hope it will be an ideal project for the next generation.
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Srivastava, Mohit. "A behavioural approach to design of high-density housing." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12245.
Full textAbstract:
The basic intention of this study is to show that the research
findings in the field of restorative environments can be used in the
design of high-density housing to develop healthy living
environments. This study explores the possibility that providing
public, semi-public and private landscaped open spaces in and
around the dwelling units, can improve the living conditions in a
low-rise, high-density housing design. It is primarily concerned
with the relationship which people in the high-density settings
have with their outdoor environment and explores the possibilities
of design and management of the nearby natural area in ways that
are beneficial for people and appreciated by them. The study uses
the literature on restorative benefits of nature and housing to
develop criteria for the design and management of housings at
high densities and illustrates the significance and implementation
of the design criteria through comparative analysis of the existing
and the proposed housing design.
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"Re-interpretation of old public slab: housing for high density living." 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893149.
Full textAbstract:
Leung Wai Yue."Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2006-2007, design report."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-111).
Chapter PART I -- --- RESEARCH
Chapter A. --- Background: Public Housing Development in Hong Kong
Chapter B. --- Research Study
Chapter 1. --- Study of Slab Form Public Housing Estates in Hong Kong in Relation with Site
Chapter 1.1 --- Slab Housing Estates on Level Site
Chapter 1.2 --- Slab Housing Estates on Slope Site
Chapter 2. --- Study of Slab Formation in Relation with Circulation and Units
Chapter 2.1 --- Horizontal Organization of Units
Chapter 2.2 --- Horizontal Arrangement of Towers
Chapter 2.3 --- Variation in Units and Circualtion System
Chapter 3. --- Unit Study (Study of Le Corbusier's Work from 1922 to 1945)
Chapter PART II- --- DESIGN
Chapter A. --- Pre-Design Study
Chapter 1. --- Density Study of Old Slab Housing Estates and New Tower Estates
Chapter 1.1 --- Density of Old Slab Estates
Chapter 1.2 --- Density of New Tower Estates
Chapter 1.3 --- Conclusion
Chapter 2. --- Quality in Old Slab Public Housing Estates
Chapter 2.1 --- Adaptability in Site Organization
Chapter 2.2 --- Potential for Flexible Internal Space Organization
Chapter 2.3 --- Form Allows Diversified Circulation System
Chapter 3. --- Design Objectives
Chapter B. --- Design
Chapter 1. --- The Site - an Exisiting Tower Estate
Chapter 1.1 --- Site Scale
Chapter 1.2 --- History of Site -- a Former Slab Estate
Chapter 2. --- Volumetric Study of Slab Form against High Density Program
Chapter 2.1 --- Volumetric Study 01
Chapter 2.2 --- Volumetric Study 02
Chapter 2.3 --- Conclusion on Study and Further Development
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"Reinterpreting the built form and network of movement within the high-density housing." 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893954.
Full textAbstract:
Li Kin, Richard."Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2009-2010, design report."
"May 2010."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 84).
Chapter 00/ --- Phenomenon
Chapter - --- HK = VERTICAL CITY
Chapter - --- HOUSING TYPES IN HK
Chapter - --- GATED COMMUNITIES
Chapter 01/ --- Built Form - Land Use
Chapter - --- "Leslie Martin- ""the Grid as generator"" (1972), Urban Space and Structures, Cambridge University Press, pages 13-22"
Chapter - --- Testing Cases IN HK
Chapter /1. --- Tin Shui Wai- Tin Shing Court
Chapter /2. --- Shatin- Belair Garden
Chapter /3. --- Lai Chi Kwok- Mei Foo Sun Chuen
Chapter 02/ --- Bullt Form - Movement Network
Chapter - --- TYPES of connectivity related to built form
Chapter - --- Case Studies
Chapter /1. --- Shatin-Wo Che Estate
Chapter /2. --- Chai Wan-Hing Wah Estate two
Chapter /3. --- Tokyo-Shinonome Block 3 (Kengo Kuma)
Chapter /4. --- "Berlin-Free University (Candilis, Josic & Woods)"
Chapter 03/ --- Deslgn Testing - Mei Foo Sun Chuen
Chapter - --- TYPES of connectivity related to built form
Chapter - --- Case Studies
Chapter /1. --- Shatin-Wo Che Estate
Chapter /2. --- Chai Wan-Hing Wah Estate two
Chapter /3. --- Tokyo-Shinonome Block 3 (Kengo Kuma)
Chapter /4. --- "Berlin-Free University (Candilis, Josic & Woods)"
Chapter 04/ --- Deslgn - Ma On Shan
Chapter - --- Site Research/Ma On Shan
Chapter - --- Density Study
Chapter - --- Concept development
Chapter - --- Communal Space Study
Chapter - --- Intersection Study
Chapter - --- Dynamic Views
Chapter - --- Plans
Chapter - --- Unit Type Study
Chapter - --- Section
Chapter - --- Facade Study
Chapter - --- Podium Study
Chapter - --- Model
Chapter - --- Perspective view
Chapter - --- Special Study
Chapter / --- Circle Extension
Chapter / --- Geometrical Transformation
Chapter 05/ --- Blbllography
Appendix
46
V, Tromsa Ye. "Features of architectural-planning organization of medium-rise high-density residential housing." Thesis, 2017. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/27840.
Full textAbstract:
Constant population growth creates demand for land resources including residential space. Population growth requires certain density of city environment and architecture with the correspondent qualities. Under the conditions of high density, architectural forms may be the most viable models of future architecture in general and residential buildings in particular.
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Wong, Kam Sing. "Dwelling densification and "greenness": Hong Kong’s high-density housing and resource conservation." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4707.
Full textAbstract:
Urban dwelling densities have profound implications on the form of built environment, which in
turn incurs significant effects on the patterns of resource use associated with housing construction
and operational needs. Hong Kong is a compact, industrialized city with housing at very high
densities. This thesis proposes and tests the hypothesis that Hong Kong's housing represents a
green model of residential development which is conducive to low per capita consumption.
Reducing per capita consumption is a primary greening agenda, especially for industrialized
regions. "Wastes" are also increasingly seen as resources. This thesis addresses three aspects of
resource use: energy, water (including "wastewater"), and materials (including solid "waste").
Hong Kong's housing development is commonly in the form of estates which are characterized by
large site area measured in hectares and towers of 30-40 storeys. The current densities are 2000-
4000 residents per hectare of net site area, plot ratio of 5 and above, 1-2 square metres of
communal open space per resident, and 15-20 square metres of gross floor area per resident. In
contrast, the corresponding densities of North American single-family dwelling are 50-100
residents per hectare of net site area, plot ratio of less than 1, about 100 square metres of private
open space per resident, and 80-100 square metres of floor area per resident.
The analysis offered in this thesis shows that Hong Kong's dwelling densification is conducive to
efficient centralized systems such as mass transit, sea-water flushing, and inorganic waste
segregation — which consequently lead to low per capita consumption of fossil fuels and potable
water and high per capita recovery of domestic solid waste. On a building level, the attached,
compact dwelling configuration also leads to low per capita energy and material use associated
with housing construction. However, very high "building densities" entail physical/spatial
constraints on a number of greening practices, such as harnessing of ambient wind for space
cooling and on-site recovery of wastewater and organic waste. A direction towards high
"occupancy density" in company with moderate "building density" should be considered as a
greener housing alternative in long term.
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Donaldson-Selby, Gavin Hugh. "Photorealistic visualisation of urban greening in a low-cost high- density housing settlement." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3380.
Full textAbstract:
Apartheid housing policies of the pre-1994 South African government, and the low-cost highdensity housing programmes of the post-1994 government, has given rise to numerous urban environmental problems, some of which could be addressed in a cost-effective and sustainable manner through urban greening, while simultaneously promoting biodiversity. Public participation in the planning of urban greening has been identified as being of vital importance, without which urban greening projects run a high, and expensive, risk of failure. Previous studies indicate that the greening priorities of residents in low-cost high-density housing settlements may differ considerably from those of managers and experts tasked with the protection and extension of the natural environment resource base. A system of participatory decision support is therefore required to reconcile the greening requirements of the community, and the ecological benefits of biodiversity. If language, literacy, map literacy and numeracy difficulties are to be avoided, and a sense of place or belonging is to be invoked, such a participatory decision support system should, ideally, be visually based, and capable of generating realistic eye-level depictions of the urban landscape. New computer-based landscape visualisation applications, which can directly utilise GIS, CAD and DEM data to produce detailed photo-realistic viewsheds, were deemed better suited to the task of visualising urban greening than existing GIS based mapping systems, CAD and traditional landscape visualisation methods. This dissertation examines the process of constructing a 3D computer model of the Mount Royal low-cost high-density housing settlement, situated in the eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Visualisations including terrain, natural features, indigenous vegetation, houses and roads were produced and submitted, with a questionnaire, to experts from different disciplines, Mount Royal residents and neighbors. Results from the expert survey indicate moderate support for visualisation in professional decision-making. However, both experts and residents expressed strong support for the accuracy and credibility ofthe visualisations, as well as for their potential in a participatory decision support system.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.
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Shih, Fu Hsueh, and 施甫學. "The Impact of High Density Development on Housing Prices─ An example of Taipei City." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25399937026166166441.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
地政研究所
96
Nowadays, most nations in the world has thought of the urban form of high density development as a mean to pursue sustainable development. For policy planner, what they care is whether high density development would influence residents about the variation of welfare for living. Literatures of past empirical research also show that high density development will have the effects of rising or falling on housing prices, which leads to the motive of this study and also leads to a better understanding of how high density indicators would impact housing prices in Taipei City. However, what’s the impact for every income class through the implication of this urban development policy is impossible to know if we use OLS models, therefore, our study adopts Quantile Regression to enhance the interpretable abilities for every variable. Accordingly, our study uses 1268 property-trading-records from 2004 to 2007 as samples, which all locate within 12 districts in Taipei City. We use floorage ratio, residential building and population density as main variables to analyze their impacts on housing prices. The result shows that high density development will both lead to falling of average housing prices and middle and low housing prices. Consequently, the urban form of high density development will enhance the level of residents’ welfare and improve the benefits for all urban area.
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Lau, Chi Kong. "Yuen Tin Court : a study of neighborhood open space planning for high density housing development in Hong Kong." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22719.
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