Relevant bibliographies by topics / Higher density housing

Academic literature on the topic 'Higher density housing'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Higher density housing"

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Forsyth, Ann, Gretchen Nicholls, and Barbara Raye. "Higher Density and Affordable Housing: Lessons from the Corridor Housing Initiative." Journal of Urban Design 15, no. 2 (March 25, 2010): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13574801003638079.

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Burford, N. K., J. Thurrot, and A. D. Pearson. "Minimum Energy - Maximum Space: Higher-Density Attached Family Housing." Open House International 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2011-b0007.

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In 2016 all new houses in England and Wales must be zero carbon. To date most work in zero carbon housing has been carried out on detached family housing typologies. Practice has shown that one of the overriding factors in the struggle to achieve zero carbon status (Code for Sustainable Homes Level 6) is the projected significant increase in construction cost. While grant funding can offset some of this increase, further costs savings will be required to allow developers to deliver affordable homes within reasonable profit margins. One result of this will be a reduction in design quality; which will impact on the quality of the spaces provided and the robustness and longevity of the construction and finishes. In order to deliver better design standards, higher density attached family housing models should be considered to ensure that a proportion of the projected increase in cost of the building fabric can be transferred to the internal volume of the house, thus achieving better quality living spaces. The following paper reviews the context for future housing provision in the UK and examines two existing medium density terraced housing developments. The existing examples reflect two contrasting approaches: one derived from low-energy principles utilising minimum space standards, the other reflecting the need for high quality spaces but at premium cost. A new medium density terrace model is proposed that deals with these conflicting demands to demonstrate that it is possible to provide affordable, high quality, higher density, family housing whilst meeting low energy targets.
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Kupke, Valerie, Peter Rossini, and Stanley McGreal. "Measuring the impact of higher density housing development." Property Management 30, no. 3 (June 22, 2012): 274–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02637471211233909.

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Haarhoff, Errol, Lee Beattie, Ann Dupuis, and Ben Derudder. "Does higher density housing enhance liveability? Case studies of housing intensification in Auckland." Cogent Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (October 15, 2016): 1243289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2016.1243289.

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Crookston, M. "The higher-density housing agenda and the ‘urban renaissance’." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 157, no. 4 (December 2004): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.2004.157.4.251.

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Lee, Jin-Seong. "Measuring the value of apartment density?" International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 9, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 483–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-08-2015-0047.

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Purpose The primary purpose of this study is to identify whether there is a price premium and consumers’ preferences for higher housing density, and whether there is a relationship between housing densities and sales prices. The second purpose was to identify if there is a non-linear relationship between housing density and prices even though housing density is directly associated with housing prices. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies hedonic modeling techniques to measure the value of development density of apartments in the metropolitan area of Seoul, South Korea. The regression of the sale price is a function of different types of variables such as density, market, location and other control variables. Findings For the first question, this paper concludes that the higher densities cause housing prices to decrease in Seoul. The summary of the results presents that housing density, floor area ratio (FAR), building coverage ratio and floor level are all important components affecting housing prices. Generally, consumers tend to buy housing with central heating systems, more parking spaces, smaller portion of rental housing within an apartment and buildings that have more of a mixed-use function. Consumers are also found to pay higher premiums for housing in areas with high population growth and less housing supply. It is conclusive that people are inclined to live in populated areas but do not want more density. For the second question, the results show that generally FAR has quadratic effects, but most housing density variables tend to have a non-linear relationship depending on the different quantile groups. Originality/value There is a knowledge gap in the area of estimating development density of apartments. Generally, studies investigating property value impacts of multifamily housing focus on external effects of the multifamily housing on home values to examine whether high density development could result in a decrease in nearby property values. These studies found that there are some positive effects. A study found that high-density housing increases property values of existing single-family homes (Joint Center for Housing Studies, 2011). More specifically, developments that are of a high design quality and superior landscaping increase values of single-family homes as well. Also, those residents who live in these high-density apartments can be good potential buyers for the existing single-family homes. The greater the number of buyers, the greater the housing market becomes. Similarly, according to a report by the Joint Center for Housing Studies (2011) at Harvard University, the presence of multifamily residents correlates with higher home values in “working communities”. Indeed, density can be an important factor determining value of apartments because of its unique characteristics. However, no empirical evidence has been provided in the literature with regard to the value of the development density. This study contributes toward improving this knowledge gap.
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Kurvinen, Antti, and Arto Saari. "Urban Housing Density and Infrastructure Costs." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020497.

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Urbanisation is one of the most significant global megatrends and, as a result, major cities are facing multiple challenges. In this study, we contribute to the sustainable urban development debate and examine the relation between housing density and infrastructure costs. The analysis is based on four hypothetical design prototypes and a consistent cost calculation framework. Based on the results, infrastructure costs per capita are the highest in low-density areas and the lowest in high-density areas, if parking is excluded. However, if also construction costs of parking structures are included, the costs per capita are the highest in high-density areas. Considering the notably high cost impact of parking structures and people’s limited willingness to pay for parking, municipally zoned parking requirements in urban areas are likely to result in non-optimal land use. Furthermore, construction in poor soil conditions may only be considered feasible if the floor area ratio and residential densities are relatively high. Beyond the cost benefits, the number of residents that may be accommodated is crucial and higher density in central urban locations should be promoted. We also suggest the cost of urban greenness to be reasonable relative to its many reported benefits and conclude that denser urban structure should not be pursued at the expense of green spaces.
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Parham, Susan. "Historical review of ‘the higher-density housing agenda and the “urban renaissance”’." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 172, no. 6 (December 2019): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.19.00045.

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Raynor, Katrina. "Social representations of children in higher density housing: enviable, inevitable or evil?" Housing Studies 33, no. 8 (February 2018): 1207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2018.1424807.

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Randolph, Bill, and Andrew Tice. "Who Lives in Higher Density Housing? A Study of Spatially Discontinuous Housing Sub-markets in Sydney and Melbourne." Urban Studies 50, no. 13 (March 5, 2013): 2661–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098013477701.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Higher density housing"

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Atthakor, Songpol. "Terrace housing : providing quality in higher-density housing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63200.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-126).
The higher demand of higher-density housing in Bangkok due to the rapid growth of the economy and the use of high-performance materials and modern construction methods has changed the forms of housing from low-rise buildings to multistorey apartments. During the last two decades, people in Bangkok have faced problems of living in high-density housing and lack of open space, which limit the quality of living space. Providing better quality of living space above ground must therefore be considered. Terrace housing, that is multi-story housing with open spaces on each level, is a building type which has the advantage of providing the qualities of private open spaces to each unit of building. Terrace building types have been a popular solution to modern housing design for quality in multi-story aj-jartment buildings. There is a great variety of this building type: roof top, hillside, on ground free standing terrace, vertical stack, courtyard terrace, artificial hill terrace and cluster terrace. The main purpose is to provide compensation of living quality on the ground to individual units and common area in the air. Terrace buildings also respond well to their environment. However, terrace buildings require many special architectural and technical considerations. A study of this building type will help to clarify the design and technical considerations of terrace housing design and provide design alternatives for better living conditions city. The work deals with terrace houses on flat sites in the city of Bangkok on two main contextual levels. 1. General level; Guidelines for off-ground terrace buildings are described by means of the specific components of the building types which are generated by internal requirements and external conditions (such as spatial requirements, climates and urban contexts ). 2. Specific Level; This level is based on practical considerations of the process of representing a terrace building. Prototypical forms of terrace housing will be matched with quality of housing and technological systems. The results provide suggestions for the design of this building type and a selected design alternative.
by Songpol Atthakar.
M.S.
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Turner, David. "Planning for higher density: concepts of privacy in Auckland���s culture of housing." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/7331.

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This thesis is concerned with the theory and practice of urban housing. Houses are a socially located ���collection of rights, opportunities, assets, and attributes��� (Donnison and Ungerson, 1982, 11); at the same time, housing describes and expresses an urban culture and its values. The activities of New Zealand���s commercial housing supply system are governed by planning and building legislation enacted in a political climate ideologically aligned with the social customs of an electorate that has historically expressed a preference for political conservatism, non-intervention, and de-regulation. Harsher aspects of social policy have been modified in a long period of Labour-led coalition government since 1999; but environmental legislation has remained largely unchanged since reforms of 1991 re-oriented planning legislation to suit a market economy. In this environment, objectives of sustainability in ordinary private housing developments are inscribed as a market responsibility, with a limited set of mandatory technical standards. The planning and architecture of housing are political acts that represent and interpret the substance of a social vernacular in a process that is decisively influenced by political priorities in a liberal democracy. This position is reconcilable with argument supporting the notion of sustainable urban housing as an artefact connected functionally and theoretically to collective habits of vernacular-based social systems (Alexander, 1979, 1987; Habraken, 1998). In such arguments, sustainability is a subsidiary but dependent condition of housing supply. For sustainable urban development to be achieved the inherited paradigms of ���house��� need to be constructed in the managed provision of new housing forms. Political ideologies of the planning framework thus become relevant to a housing study. Auckland is a regional city with a relatively high population growth rate, and with strategic planning policies intended to achieve sustainable urban environments through a medium density housing typology. Housing at medium density has not previously been tested in the private sector in New Zealand. Planning policies, in this situation, become the political instruments through which a new housing model is to be developed. From an analysis of New Zealand���s housing history, affective density and interpretations of privacy are argued to be critical dimensions of a socially and economically sustainable housing form. Contemporary interpretations of privacy correspond to economic habits that underpin New Zealand society. It is argued that both New Zealand���s construct of social privacy and its political economy can be traced to origins in John Locke���s protestant liberal philosophy. An epistemology of density and privacy in New Zealand���s urban and suburban housing traditions is considered in relation to Locke, and to Polanyi���s theory of tacit and explicit forms of knowledge, used in his thesis to re-conceptualise understandings of privacy as a social fact. These ideas constitute a basis for the planning of higher density housing in forms that could be shaped to suit the social habits and environmental conditions of Auckland. This thesis examines the question: what higher density forms of housing will meet the needs of ordinary house-holders in Auckland in the twenty-first century?
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Raynor, Katrina E. "Defining the density debate: Social representations of urban consolidation in Brisbane." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107711/1/Katrina_Raynor_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis is concerned with understanding the social representations that impact on how stakeholders understand, value and act in relation to urban consolidation, a planning policy designed to increase the density of housing in existing urban areas. The study revealed that urban consolidation is a complex topic that involves associated issues of land use conflict, regional population management, investment and property, home and housing affordability, neighbourhood change and urban renewal. Urban consolidation is a political topic subject to vested interests and often doesn't achieve the positive outcomes for which it is promoted in policy documents.
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Timlett, Rose. "Recycling in high and medium density housing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543417.

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Chong, Fook Loong. "Housing & urban models: high density, low-rise housing in Singapore." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.729312.

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Goh, Ai Tee. "Courtyard housing in the UK : Potentials for high density-low energy urban housing." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526861.

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The Garden City Movement has been a trigger for the design development of the courtyard house for the working class single family in Northern Europe in the late-1920s. This house form was experimented with in the UK for three decades since the late-1950s, and has since been neglected as only few architects have explored its contemporary relevance. This research seeks to investigate the potential of reinterpreting the contemporary courtyard house for creating an urban housing that can adapt to the changing needs of its dwellers over time in the UK. Four main research problems have been identified: the lack of a comprehensive study of the courtyard house type in the UK; a mismatch between the kinds of house needed by a family throughout their life course and the house provided by the market; a paucity of knowledge regarding the concept for housing mobility; and the biased observations on the sustainability (thermal performance) of this house form in the UK. A holistic approach was used in this thesis to ensure that a greater insight can be developed in examining the potentials of courtyard housing in providing low rise high density and low energy housing in the UK. The research began with a literature review followed by a combination of different research method techniques such as content analysis, ordinance survey mastermap analysis and overt non-participant field observations to collect information about the contemporary courtyard house schemes in the UK. A post occupancy evaluation (POE) study was then carried out on three carefully selected recently completed courtyard housing schemes in the UK. A postal questionnaire survey, in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews and overt non-participant observation techniques were adopted to examine users' perceptions of the performance of this house according to a number of selected criteria. Next, the cross tabulations and logistic regression analysis techniques on data of censuses obtained from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (LS) were carried out to establish if there is any evidence to support the argument that design (housing and environmental) factors rather than economic ones influenced individuals' housing mobility. Finally, Ecotect, the thermal performance analysis tool was used to evaluate the thermal performance for different house forms in the UK. The tool was then used to investigate the best thermally performing courtyard house configuration in the UK. Furthermore, the case studies technique was adopted to examine architectural and environmental design strategies and approaches to design towards zero energy for space heating in a home. There are four key contributions in this research. Firstly, a systematic survey of courtyard housing schemes designed and/ or developed in the UK from 1950s to the present day was completed with the aim to provide a comprehensive database for designers, planners and policy makers. Secondly, the results from POE studies of three recently completed courtyard house schemes in the UK, show that the `Home' received the highest level of satisfaction in all cases. The evidence collected through the POE studies suggest that the courtyard house type (when it is well designed) is well suited for creating a contemporary family house in an urban area. Thirdly, the empirical evidence from the housing mobility study seem to suggest that design (housing and environment) constitutes one of the most important variable influencing individuals' housing mobility in the England and Wales. The best model to predict `house move' made by individuals between 1991 and 2001 Censuses in the England and Wales is a combination of variables from design/ environmental (accommodation type, population density and number of rooms in house), social (age, household type and number of person in house) and economic (social class). Last but not least, this study establishes that the long-narrow with the internal court configuration performed (thermally) better than L-, I-, Z- and T-shaped courtyard house. Careful planning and layout may improve its thermal performance to reach results that are better than terraced house. Additionally, nine architectural design principles were recommended to ensure low energy consumption for residential buildings in the UK.
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Chen, Zheng. "HIGH-DENSITY URBAN HOUSING IN CHINA: The Living Environment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555301.

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Chan, Kit-chu Winky. "Density and design : high density private residential development in Hong Kong (TaiKoo Shing and Mei Foo Sun Chuen) /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13814138.

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Yiu, Wing-kin Jason. "Experimental housing for diversity of home in a high density city." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31987448.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes special report study entitled:Study of traditional house and spaces bonding the house and community or, Study of traditional houses, and spaces bonding families and the community. Also available in print.
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Li, Siu-ping. "Crimes and high-density urban living : an empirical study /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40887716.

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Books on the topic "Higher density housing"

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R, Goodkin Sanford, and National Association of Home Builders (U.S.), eds. Higher density housing: Planning, design, marketing. Washington, D.C: National Association of Home Builders, 1986.

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J, Mills J. Urban Blacks' perceptions of higher density and/or higher rise dwelling units: An exploratory study. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 1986.

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Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Conference. The housing crisis: Is higher density a solution? : a joint RIAI/IPI conference, O'Reilly Hall, University College Dublin, 19th November 1998. [S.l: s.n], 1998.

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Housing density. Wien: Springer, 2012.

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Christian, Schittich, ed. High-density housing: Concepts, planning, construction. München: Edition Detail, 2004.

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Javier, Mozas, and Arpa Javier, eds. Dbook: Density, data, diagrams, dwellings : a visual analysis of 64 collective housing projects. Vitoria-Gasteiz: a+t ediciones, 2007.

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Per, Aurora Fernández. Dbook: Density, data, diagrams, dwellings : a visual analysis of 64 collective housing projects. Vitoria-Gasteiz: a+t ediciones, 2007.

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Ian, Colquhoun, ed. Urban housing forms. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2005.

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Goodkin, Stanford R. Higher Density Housing: Planning, Design, Marketing. Home Builder Pr, 1986.

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Schittich, Christian. High-Density Housing: Concepts, Planning, Construction. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Higher density housing"

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Black, John. "Higher Density Housing and Transport in Australian Cities." In Transport, Land-Use and the Environment, 55–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2475-2_4.

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Antoniucci, Valentina, Adriano Bisello, and Giuliano Marella. "Urban Density and Household-Electricity Consumption: An Analysis of the Italian Residential Building Stock." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 129–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_9.

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AbstractThe influence of urban density on household electricity consumption is still scarcely investigated, despite the growing attention to building energy performance and the electrification of heating systems advocated at the European level. While the positive correlation between urban sprawl developments and the increasing of marginal costs of public infrastructures, services, amenities, public, and private transports are known, there has been little research on the relationship between urban form and electricity consumption in residential building stock. The present work aims to contribute to filling the gap in the existing literature, presenting the early results of ongoing research on the role of urban form in the household electricity consumption in Italy and, consequently, the related energy costs. The building typology and, in general, the structure of urban dwellings, is crucial to forecasting the electricity requirements, taking into account single housing units and their spatial composition in multi-family homes and neighborhoods. After a brief literature review on the topic, the contribution presents empirical research on the electricity consumption at the municipal level in 140 Italian cities, analyzing the diverse consumption patterns under different conditions of urban density to verify whether there exists a significant statistical correlation between them. The analysis confirms that there is a statistically negative correlation between urban density and the log of electricity consumption, even if its incidence is very limited. Further investigation may highlight whether there exists a threshold for which this relationship would be reversed, explaining the higher electricity consumption in dense metropolitan areas.
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Birkbeck, David. "High density (250–350+dph)." In The Housing Design Handbook, 150–63. Second edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203704516-12.

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Ozarisoy, Bertug, and Hasim Altan. "Energy Calibration: Developing a Novel Methodology to Calibrate Building Energy Performance of Social Housing Estates." In Handbook of Retrofitting High Density Residential Buildings, 453–505. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11854-8_8.

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Ozarisoy, Bertug, and Hasim Altan. "Interpretations and Discussions: Retrofitting of the Post-war Social Housing Estates in the Eastern Mediterranean Climate." In Handbook of Retrofitting High Density Residential Buildings, 641–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11854-8_11.

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Indriyati, Sri Astuti. "Spatial Use and Satisfactory Level of the High-Density Housing Residents." In ICoSI 2014, 223–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-661-4_24.

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Puurunen, Eero, and Alan Organschi. "Multiplier Effect: High Performance Construction Assemblies and Urban Density in US Housing." In Springer Environmental Science and Engineering, 183–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37030-4_10.

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Maulidi, Chairul, and A. Wahid Hasyim. "Good or Bad of Greening Effects on High-Density Urban Housing Air Quality." In Sustainable Future for Human Security, 119–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5433-4_8.

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"Das Erdgeschoss als Schlüsselzone im verdichteten Wohnungsbau / The Ground Floor as the Key Zone in Housing of Higher Density." In best of DETAIL: Urbanes Wohnen/Urban Housing, 44–49. DETAIL, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11129/9783955533601-010.

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"2.6 LOW RISE HIGH DENSITY." In Floor Plan Manual Housing, 297–316. Birkhäuser, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783035611496-017.

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Conference papers on the topic "Higher density housing"

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Verma, Nalin, Kenneth A. Cunefare, Ellen Skow, and Alper Erturk. "Power Density Performance Improvements for High Pressure Ripple Energy Harvesting." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3179.

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A hydraulic pressure energy harvester (HPEH) device, which utilizes a housing to isolate a piezoelectric stack from the hydraulic fluid via a mechanical interface, generates power by converting the dynamic pressure within the system into electricity. Prior work developed an HPEH device capable of generating 2187 microWatts from an 85 kPa pressure ripple amplitude using a 1387 mm3 stack. A new generation of HPEH produced 157 microWatts at the test conditions of 18 MPa static pressure and 394 kPa root-mean-square pressure amplitude using a 50 mm3 stack, thus increasing the power produced per volume of piezoelectric stack principally due to the higher dynamic pressure input. The stack and housing design implemented on this new prototype device yield a compact, high-pressure hydraulic pressure energy harvester designed to withstand 35 MPa. The device, which is less than a 2.54 cm in length as compared to a 5.3 cm length of a previous HPEH, was statically tested up to 21.9 MPa and dynamically tested up to 19 MPa with 400 kPa root-mean-square dynamic pressure amplitude. An inductor was included in the load circuit in parallel with the stack and the load resistance to increase the power output of the device. A previously developed electromechanical power output model for this device that predicts the power output given the dynamic pressure ripple amplitude is compared to the power results. The power extracted from this device would be sufficient to meet the proposed applications of the device, which is to power sensor nodes in hydraulic systems.
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Atmadja, Felicia, and Dushko Bogunovich. "Shaping compact cities for liveability, affordability and sustainability." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/gbmg2410.

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Rapid urban population and territorial growth is becoming a general trend across the world, driving planning policies to promote a more compact city. As an alternative to sprawling patterns of urban development, the compact city emerges as a spatial form characterized by three key elements: densification, connectivity and accessibility. All three are articulated by transit-oriented development (TOD) strategies in today’s urban context. TOD aims to encourage densification, mixed land uses, walkability and public transportation, as well as vertical housing typologies. There are now many examples around the world in which TOD has influenced the verticalization of the city, and we can expect further translations into other contexts. Auckland and Jakarta have too chosen the TOD strategy, incorporating vertical housing, to slow down the sprawl. But citizens are concerned about the quality of life in high-rise, higher density housing, as well as its price. We make a comparative assessment of TOD’s ability to achieve liveability, sustainability and affordability in two cities – Jakarta and Auckland – while using Singapore as a benchmark for both. Two case studies have shown that some of the residents’ complaints are justified. In the conclusion of the study we suggest improvements in planning and design strategies and produce further recommendations for an effective city transformation.
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Liu, Xuhui, Yifan Yu, and Xin Sui. "Neighborhood Environment and the Elderly’s Subject Well-being." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/evqy6355.

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Background: In the context of an aging society, the physical and mental health and quality of life of the elderly have received more and more attention. Among them, in the field of mental health of the elderly, subject well-being is an important concern. Many studies have shown that the environment has a certain impact on people's mental health. In the field of landscape, public health and architecture, most of the studies focus on the natural environment, including the number and proportion of green space, the distance to green space, the characteristics of green space, as well as the building density, building form, road network density and layout in the built environment. However, in China, the specific environment elements that are more comprehensive and more closely linked with urban planning and management need to be studied. Objectives: Relevant research shows that more than 80% of the activities of the elderly are completed within 1 km of the neighborhood. This study takes neighborhood environment as the main research area and research object. The objectives include: 1, to find the status of the elderly’s subject well-being in Shanghai; 2, to find the impact of the neighborhood environmental factors on the subject well-being of the elderly; and therefore, 3, to put forward some suggestions for neighborhood planning to promote the subject well-being of the elderly. Methods: Based on the data of the Fourth Survey on the Living Conditions of the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas of China, 3431 urban residential samples in Shanghai were selected and analyzed in this study. The subject well-being comes from the question, "General speaking, do you feel happy?" Options include five levels, ranging from very happy to very unhappy. According to the existing literature and the specific requirements of Shanghai urban planning compilation and management, the environmental factors are summarized as 20 indicators in four aspects: natural environment, housing conditions, urban form and facility environment. According to the sample address, the environmental factors indicators are calculated in GIS. The data are analyzed by the method of path analysis in Mplus7.4. Results: 70.9% of the respondents felt very happy or happy, while only 2.2% of the respondents said they were unhappy or very unhappy. Non-agricultural household registration, higher education, better self-rated economic status of the elderly, the better of the subject well-being of the elderly. Under the control of the basic characteristics and socio-economic attributes of the elderly, the per capita green space area, housing construction area, road network density and location conditions have a significant impact on the well-being of the elderly. Conclusion: Under the control of socio-economic variables, community environment can significantly affect the subjective well-being of the elderly. In the planning of community life circle, improving the level of green space per capita in the community, improving the housing conditions of the elderly, and building a high-density road network system are effective measures to promote the subject well-being of the elderly.
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Aguirre Núñez, Carlos Andrés. "Analysis of chilean metropolitan areas, the case of Santiago, and Concepcion: location patterns as building licences 2002-2010." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8129.

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The study seeks to describe the growth of Chile's main cities, especially in the cycle 2002 to 2010. This series presented a growth economy averaged around 7%, with the consequent growth in the residential construction sector. In that sense, there is an increase in housing prices that impact on real estate products offered. This period was characterized by neoliberal policies, in a low-density city center rings in their peri central an impact on the urban fabric of the city. Communes as Ñuñoa; Providencia and Recoleta, in the metropolitan area of Santiago, Viña del Mar and Con Con, in the metropolitan area of Valparaiso, Chiguallante and San Pedro de la Paz in the great conception, are obvious example of this process as it grew up, estate submitted higher-priced products of past and pointing to families in training, with prices can only pay the highest decile of income each metropolitan reality. To conclude, it requires new public policies that analyze the problem pericenter ring and also agree on the elements themselves beyond the city economic growth.
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Sequeira, Sebastien, Kevin Bennion, J. Emily Cousineau, Sreekant Narumanchi, Gilbert Moreno, Satish Kumar, and Yogendra Joshi. "Validation and Parametric Investigations Using a Lumped Thermal Parameter Model of an Internal Permanent Magnet Motor." In ASME 2020 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2020-2550.

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Abstract One of the key challenges for the electric vehicle industry is to develop high-power-density electric motors. Achieving higher power density requires efficient heat removal from inside the motor. In order to improve thermal management, a multi-physics modeling framework that is able to accurately predict the behavior of the motor, while being computationally efficient, is essential. This paper first presents a detailed validation of a Lumped Parameter Thermal Network (LPTN) model of an Internal Permanent Magnet (IPM) synchronous motor within the commercially available Motor-CAD® modeling environment. The IPM motor’s stator is studied at steady state, and winding losses are generated by a constant DC current. The validation is based on temperature comparison with experimental data and with more detailed Finite Element Analysis (FEA). All critical input parameters of the LPTN are considered in detail for each layer of the stator, especially the contact resistances between the impregnation, liner, laminations and housing. Finally, a sensitivity analysis for each of the critical input parameters is provided. A maximum difference of 4% — for the highest temperature in the slot windings and the end windings — was found between the LPTN and the experimental data. Comparing the results from the LPTN and the FEA model, the maximum difference was 2% for the highest temperature in the slot windings and end windings. As for the LTPN sensitivity analysis, the thermal parameter with the highest sensitivity was found to be the liner-to-lamination contact resistance. The latter is often ignored in the literature, whereas its impact on temperature rise was found to be more significant than any other contact resistance within the stator.
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Zeng, Wenwei, and Shawn Okun. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis on High Power Density Multi-Fuel Rotary Engine Heat Redistribution Optimization Design." In ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2017-4889.

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A revolutionary cooling system is designed for a multi-fuel rotary engine (200 cc, 40 hp). The patented cooling system includes a water cooled array of engine housings, an innovative rotor and hydrodynamic bearings set cooled with a secondary oil cooling system. The oil conduits, however, are incorporated into water jackets, therefore the heat is further transferred to the water flow. Numerous fins and ribs are utilized as deflectors in water jackets thus controlling water flow to carry heat from the “hot” side of the engine housing to the “cold” side, which minimize temperature differential over the housing as well as reducing peak temperature. Numerical simulation indicated hot spots and uneven temperature distribution issues were controlled in the water jackets. Testing the optimized water jackets as part of the cooling system was also shown in successful in controlling temperature, hot spots and cavitation on the rotary engine with multi-fuels testing, such as kerosene, JP-5, JP-8, alcohol, gasoline, and E85. The potential of applying current water cooling system in other rotary engines is feasible.
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7

Baldea, Maja. "NEW PATTERNS OF HIGH-DENSITY MULTIFAMILY HOUSING IN ROMANIA." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/5.3/s21.053.

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Itma, M. "High-density housing in Palestine: learning from traditional typologies." In SUSTAINABLE CITY 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sc140081.

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Sato, S., S. Jovanovic, J. Lang, and Z. Spakovszky. "Demonstration of a Palm-Sized 30 Watt Air-to-Power Turbine Generator." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22925.

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A compact, high power-density turbo-generator system was conceived, designed and experimentally tested. The air-to-power (A2P) device with a nominal design point of 50 W electric power output operates on high pressure air such as for example from a plant pneumatic system or a portable bottle of pressurized air. A concept design study was first carried out to explore the design space for a range of output power at cost efficiency levels specified in collaboration with industry. The cost efficiency is defined as the cost of electrical power over the cost of pressurized air. The key challenge in the design is the relatively low power demand of 50 W while operating at high supply pressures of nominally 5 to 6 bar. To meet the cost efficiency goal under these conditions, a high-speed turbine and generator (∼450,000 rpm) are required with small blade span (∼200 μm) minimizing the mass flow while achieving the highest possible turbine performance. Since turbines with such small turbomachinery blading aren’t commercially available, a silicon-based MEMS turbine was designed using 2-D and 3-D CFD computations. To reduce the development time, existing and previously demonstrated custom-made generator and ceramic ball-bearing technology were used, resulting in a compact A2P proof-of-concept demonstration. The cylindrical device of 35 mm diameter resembles a tube fitting with a standard M24 adapter. Without load, a top turbine speed of 475,000rpm was demonstrated exceeding the design specification. Using load resistors, the proof-of-concept A2P device achieved 30 W of electrical power at 360,000 rpm and a turbine efficiency of 47%, meeting the cost efficiency goal. Higher speeds under load could not be achieved due to thrust load limitations of the off-shelf ball bearings. The demonstrated performance is in good agreement with the projected CFD based predictions. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first successful demonstration of a self-contained, 50 W-class turbo-generator of hybrid architecture where a MEMS turbine disk is joined with a precision machined titanium shaft and aluminum housing.
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Wilkes, Jason, Ryan Cater, Erik Swanson, Kevin Passmore, and Jerry Brady. "The Influence of Ambient Pressure on the Measured Load Capacity of Bump-Foil and Spiral-Groove Gas Thrust Bearings at Ambient Pressures up to 69 Bar on a Novel High-Pressure Gas Bearing Test Rig." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91735.

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Abstract This paper will show the influence of ambient pressure on the thrust capacity of bump-foil and spiral-groove gas thrust bearings. The bearings were operating in nitrogen at various pressures up to 69 bar, and were tested to failure. Failure was detected at various pressures by incrementally increasing the thrust load applied to the thrust bearing until the bearing was no longer thermally stable, or until contact was observed by a temperature spike measured by thermocouples within the bearing. These tests were performed on a novel thrust bearing test rig that was developed to allow thrust testing at pressures up to 207 bar cavity pressure at 260°C while rotating at speeds up to 120,000 rpm. The test rig floats on hydrostatic air bearings to allow for the direct measurement of applied thrust load through linkages that connect the stationary thrust loader to the rotor housing. Test results on a 65 mm (2.56 in) bump-foil thrust bearing at 100 krpm show a marked increase in load capacity with gas density, which has not previously been shown experimentally. Results also show that the load capacity of a similarly sized spiral-groove thrust bearing are relatively insensitive to pressure, and supported an order-of-magnitude less load than that observed for the bump-foil thrust bearing. These results are compared with analytical predictions, which agree reasonably with the experimental results. Predicted power loss is also presented for the bump-foil bearing; however, measured power loss was substantially higher.
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Reports on the topic "Higher density housing"

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Niles, John, and J. M. Pogodzinski. TOD and Park-and-Ride: Which is Appropriate Where? Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1820.

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Despite the sharp drop in transit ridership throughout the USA that began in March 2020, two different uses of land near transit stations continue to be implemented in the United States to promote ridership. Since 2010, transit agencies have given priority to multi-family residential construction referred to as transit oriented development (TOD), with an emphasis on housing affordability. In second place for urban planners but popular with suburban commuters is free or inexpensive parking near rail or bus transit centers, known as park-and-ride (PnR). Sometimes, TOD and PnR are combined in the same development. Public policy seeks to gain high community value from both of these land uses, and there is public interest in understanding the circumstances and locations where one of these two uses should be emphasized over the other. Multiple justifications for each are offered in the professional literature and reviewed in this report. Fundamental to the strategic decision making necessary to allocate public resources toward one use or the other is a determination of the degree to which each approach generates transit ridership. In the research reported here, econometric analysis of GIS data for transit stops, PnR locations, and residential density was employed to measure their influence on transit boardings for samples of transit stops at the main transit agencies in Seattle, Los Angeles, and San José. Results from all three cities indicate that adding 100 parking spaces close to a transit stop has a larger marginal impact than adding 100 housing units. Previous academic research estimating the higher ridership generation per floor area of PnR compared to multi-family TOD housing makes this show of strength for parking an expected finding. At the same time, this report reviews several common public policy justifications for TOD as a preferred land development emphasis near transit stations, such as revenue generation for the transit agency and providing a location for below-market affordable housing where occupants do not need to have a car. If increasing ridership is important for a transit agency, then parking for customers who want to drive to a station is an important option. There may also be additional benefits for park-and-ride in responding to the ongoing pandemic.
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Alexander, Serena E., Mariela Alfonzo, and Kevin Lee. Safeguarding Equity in Off-Site Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Mitigation in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2027.

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Historically, the State of California assessed the environmental impacts of proposed developments based on how it was projected to affect an area’s level of service (LOS). However, as LOS focused on traffic delays, many agencies simply widened roads, which was an ineffective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). With the passage of Senate Bill (SB)743 in 2013, LOS was replaced by Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) as a more appropriate metric by which to gauge the environmental impacts of proposed development. Additionally, SB 743 presented an opportunity for off-site VMT mitigation strategies through banking and exchanges– allowing multiple development projects to fund a variety of strategies to reduce VMT elsewhere in the city or region. While the shift from LOS to VMT has generally been lauded, concerns remain about how to apply SB 743 effectively and equitably. This study aimed to: 1) understand how local governments are addressing this shift toward VMT while ensuring equity, including its approaches to off-site VMT mitigation; and 2) evaluate the various built environment factors that impact VMT, which should be considered by local governments, using both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The study posited that both micro and macro level aspects of the built environment needed to be considered when evaluating the impacts of proposed development on VMT, not only to ensure higher accuracy VMT models, but also because of the potential equity implications of off-site mitigation measures. Using multiple linear regression, the study shows that macroscale built environment features such as land use, density, housing, and employment access have a statistically significant impact on reducing VMT (35%), along with transit access (15%), microscale features such as sidewalks, benches, and trees (13%), and income (6%). More notably, a four-way interaction was detected, indicating that VMT is dependent on the combination of macro and micro level built environment features, public transit access, and income. Additionally, qualitative interviews indicate that transportation practitioners deal with three types of challenges in the transition to VMT impact mitigation: the lack of reliable, standardized VMT measure and evaluation tools; the lack of a strong legal foundation for VMT as a component of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); and the challenge of distributing off-site VMT mitigation equitably. Overall, findings support a nuanced, multi-factor understanding of the context in which new developments are being proposed, both in terms of modeling VMT, but also when considering whether offsite mitigation would be appropriate. The results of this study can help California ensure equitable VMT mitigation that better aligns with the state’s climate goals.
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Jacobsen, Nils. Linjebussens vekst og fall i den voksende byen: en studie av bybussenes geografiske kvalitet Stavanger – Sandnes 1920 – 2010. University of Stavanger, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.244.

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Linear city bus services are facing increased challenges from city growth. Increased number of inhabitants on increasing acres of built-up areas, makes it demanding to maintain adequate bus services within reasonable catchment areas. Number of departures per hour give a partial description of the bus service quality. Number of departures give reference to the time aspect of bus service quality, but say nothing about the geographical aspect. What part of the entire line network is within reach of direct bus service when frequencies are limited? To address the geographical aspect of bus service quality, the term network ratio is introduced. The term Network Ratio (NR) signifies what part of the entire line network is within reach of direct bus service to or from a certain place in the network. Network Ratio is given as a mathematical term whereby direct bus lines are calculated as a percentage of the entire network. The character and development of Network Ratio in a specific city is illustrated through an analysis of the urban growth of line network and built-up areas in the twin cities of Stavanger and Sandnes. The analysis is covering the period 1920 – 2000 in intervals of 20 years from the first bus lines were established in the urban area. Year 2010 is also included due to major changes implemented right after the turn of the millennium. Development show there is a close relation between bus network and built-up areas. When areas are being built, bus lines follow. The initial fase 1920 – 40 with extensive development of bus lines combined with some areal growth, is followed by a fase of consolidation 1940 – 60. The latter period is characterized by moderate areal growth, extended lines reducing network ratios, and increasing frequencies on the best bus lines. Extensive areal growth in the following period 1960 – 80, implies increased number of bus lines. As a consequence network ratios as well as frequencies are falling in the entire network. In 1960 certain lines had developed as much as 6 departures per hour, while maximum bus line frequency in 1980 has diminished to 2. New bus service development is introduced in the following period between 1980 and 2000. Numerous bus companies are united, and a more comprehensive planning of bus services are applied. The number of bus lines is stabilized at about 40, the fall in network ratio is reduced, and certain lines develop 4 departures per hour. Parallell to the bus development, growth of built-up areas is slowing down due to increased urban renewal with higher densities within built-up areas. In the period 2000 – 2010 new efforts are given to the development of bus services. Development of Network Ratio takes a new direction: The length of network links with high NR is increasing, while links with very low NR are diminishing. Number of bus lines is decreasing, and by 2010 almost 50% of the bus lines are served with 4 departures or more. Passenger comfort is improved in buses as well as on bus stops, and low floor buses are introduced to ease accessibility. Bus service quality is further developed after 2010. Digital services are introduced including digital ticketing, bus service information and real-time information on internet. In addition real-time information is presented at high frequency bus stops through visual screen and auditory speaker. Inside the buses name of next stop is given on screen and through loudspeaker. Further development of the bus services, should include improved Network Ratios in the entire network, as well as increased frequencies on major bus corridors. The latter is a task not only for the bus service planners, but just as well for the city planners and politicians in collaboration with the developers implementing urban density and allocation of important destinations. A last, but not least, objective for bus service development will be to improve punctuality and total travel time. Today a considerable proportion of city bus services are delayed in car traffic congestions. This is occurring especially on main streets and during rush hours. A set of different solutions are needed to address this question: 1. Dedicated bus streets (including car access to limited addresses) 2. Bus lines through local streets in concentrated housing, office and shopping areas. 3. Dedicated bus lane on main streets where possible. 4. Car traffic regulations on main streets without space for extra bus lane. As an overall vision, we need to cultivate the word of Flemming Larsen: urban growth as pearls on a string, as shown in fig. 13 and fig. 14.
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