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Goswami, Sanghamitra, Mary Mathew, and N. K. Chadha. "Differences in Occupational Commitment amongst Scientists in Indian Defence, Academic, and Commercial R&D Organizations." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 32, no. 4 (October 2007): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920070402.
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Occupational commitment is referred to as the psychological link between an individual and his occupation that is based on an affective reaction to that occupation. Thus a person with higher occupational commitment strongly identifies and has positive feelings towards his occupation. It has been observed that R&D professionals have a very distinctive nature in their career orientations, value systems, and reward preferences. In R&D organizations, due to complexity of tasks, the employee and the employer often do not understand the nature of the job performance and therefore commitment to occupation is seen as an important contributing factor. Hence, this study addresses the following research questions: How does occupational commitment differ with the different types of R&D organizations? How do personal demographic, job satisfaction, and personality variables influence occupational commitment of different types? This study empirically examines the relationship among the personal characteristics of R&D scientists across three types of R&D organizations: A government commercial organization A government defence organization A government academic organization. The objective is to find out the influence of age, occupational tenure, job satisfaction, and occupational commitment on the five factor model of personality. A questionnaire of job satisfaction followed by the neo five factor personality inventory and occupational commitment questionnaires were administered on a sample of 126 R&D professionals. The results of the analysis revealed that: Occupational commitment of scientists does differ in these different R&D organizations. Occupational tenure is much higher for the scientists of the government commercial R&D organization and the government academic R&D organization compared to the scientists of government defence R&D organization. Job-satisfaction is the highest amongst the scientists of the government defence R&D organization followed by the scientists of the government academic R&D organization. Personality scores of the scientists also differ across these three organizations. Occupational tenure and age are not related to personality. Affective commitment is shown to have a positive and significant relationship with conscientiousness for scientists of the government academic R&D organization. Affective commitment is explained by occupational tenure and extraversion while continuance commitment is explained by job satisfaction and agreeableness in the government commercial R&D organizations. Extraversion (factor of personality) emerged as the strongest predictor of affective commitment in the presence of conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism. For managers of R&D organizations, it is important to note that in the information-enabled world of today, occupational commitment rather than organizational commitment is likely to be the key variable in deciding whether to stay or leave.
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Harris, Stephen. "The Canadian General Staff and the Higher Organization of Defence, 1919–1939." War & Society 3, no. 1 (May 1985): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/106980485790304051.
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Sanko, Albina Mikhaylovna. "Activity specifics of educational institutions peripheral staff in the conditions of education modernization." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20164315.
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The following article deals with the change of professional activity content of educational peripheral staff in conditions of higher education modernization and structural changes of historically developed traditions of activity management organization in the higher educational institution in the course of their merger (on the example of two Samara universities merger - higher educational institution that gives education in the sphere of classical natural sciences and humanities and higher educational institution that educates specialists for narrow high-technology, being strategically important for the national defence capability branch). The author describes the content and essence of educational peripheral staff social and technological activity and difficulties appearing at the rearrangement from one activity (communication) to another (work with software programs and services). The author also shows the role of adequate cooperation of educational peripheral staff of all organization departments for activity management effective organization of the university and presents the results of educational peripheral staff activity analysis. The obtained materials can serve as the basis for the interacademic further training courses organization for educational peripheral staff and further monitoring of their activity effectiveness for the educational institution management.
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FAGANEL, ROMAN, and DRAGOMIR ČEVRIZ. "ANALITIČNI PRISTOP K NAČRTOVANJU VIROV IN SPREJEMANJU ODLOČITEV V OBRAMBNEM SISTEMU." SECURITY FORCES OF THE FUTURE/VARNOSTNE SILE PRIHODNOSTI, VOLUME 2017 ISSUE 19/4 (November 15, 2017): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.19.4.5.
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Povzetek V prispevku opredeljujemo ožji koncept načrtovanja obrambnih virov (poudarek je na finančnih virih), ki temelji na dejanjih in rezultatih ter presega odločitve le na podlagi intuicije za doseganje boljših rezultatov pri odločanju, razporejanju in načrtovanju vojaških sredstev ter zmogljivosti. Viri v sodobnih vojaških organizacijah so omejeni in prav njihova načrtna/namenska dodelitev in racionalna izraba oziroma poraba predstavlja velik izziv sodobnega načrtovanja. Za doseganje optimalnih rezultatov je zelo pomembno razumevanje in poznavanje obstoječih virov, njihovo razporejanje in upravljanje znotraj vojaške organizacije. Nepravilno razporejeni viri prinašajo dodatne negativne posledice, kot so višji stroški, tehnološki zaostanek in zmanjševanje možnosti reševanja življenj. Z analitičnim pristopom upravljanja se oblikuje temeljna podlaga za raziskovanje vzrokov, procesov in pojavov odstopanj od načrtovanja virov skozi kratkoročna, srednjeročna in dolgoročna obdobja obrambnega načrtovanja. Predstavljena je metodologija procesa obrambnega načrtovanja, ki je osredotočena predvsem na kvantitativne pristope kot komplementarni del kvalitativnemu segmentu raziskovanja. Ključne besede: Upravljanje virov, intuicija, analiza stroškov in koristi, ekonomska analiza, matematični analitični modeli, proces odločanja. Abstract In the article, we define a narrow concept of defence expenditure planning (with the emphasis on financial resources), which is based on the acts and results and exceeds intuition-based decisions and achieve better results in decision making, allocating and planning of military assets and capabilities. Resources in modern military organizations are limited and it is their planned or eligible allocation and rational use and consumption that represent a major challenge in modern planning. In order to achieve optimum results, understanding and awareness of the existing resources, their allocation and management within a military organization are crucial. Incorrectly allocated resources bring additional adverse consequences, such as higher costs, technological backlog and reduced possibility of saving lives. An analytical management approach creates the basis for exploring the causes, processes and phenomena of deviations from resource planning through short-term, medium-term and long-term defence planning periods. The article presents the methodology of the defence planning process, which is mainly focused on quantitative approaches as a complementary part of the qualitative research segment. Key words: Resource management, intuition, cost-benefit analysis, economic analysis, mathematical analytical models, decision-making process.
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Leiner, Natália Oliveira, and Wesley Rodrigues Silva. "Territoriality in females of the slender opossum (Marmosops paulensis) in the Atlantic forest of Brazil." Journal of Tropical Ecology 25, no. 6 (October 8, 2009): 671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409990228.
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Spatial organization within animal populations is often thought to reflect the outcome of strategies implemented by each individual to enhance its reproductive success and survival (Clutton-Brock 1989). Thus, while females usually focus on the acquisition of food and breeding sites, male dispersion is more often determined by the distribution and availability of females (Clutton-Brock 1989). Due to these factors, intraspecific competition for space could lead to the adoption of a territorial strategy, whenever the benefits of territorial defence are higher than the costs (Brown & Orians 1970). Among small mammals, two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain the occurrence of territoriality in females. Ostfeld (1990) proposed that females should defend food resources, so the distribution and availability of food items should determine the cost–benefit relationship of adopting a territorial strategy. However, Wolff (1993) developed a hypothesis, based on small rodents, that females should defend nest sites in order to avoid infanticide, the so-called pup-defence hypothesis.
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Nielsen, Sigrid S., Malan Johansen, and Kim N. Mouritsen. "Caste formation in larval Himasthla elongata (Trematoda) infecting common periwinkles Littorina littorea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94, no. 5 (April 2, 2014): 917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414000241.
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Reproductive division of labour is well-known in several animal groups but the ecological factors driving the evolution of such social organization are still being discussed. Recent studies have discovered social organization in four marine species of trematode parasites having two distinct castes specialized for reproduction and defence of the clonal intra-molluscan larval colony, respectively. Here, we provide novel evidence for social structure also in colonies of the trematode Himasthla elongata infecting the common periwinkle Littorina littorea. We found two types of rediae, the parthenogenetic larval offspring of the parasite: small non-reproductive rediae and considerably larger reproductive rediae. Both redial types possessed a digestive system, collar and posterior appendages and, hence, aside from dimensions, were morphologically similar. However, in vitro experiments showed that non-reproductive morphs attacked heterospecific competing parasites at a higher rate (2–3 fold) than reproductive morphs did. No within-colony antagonism was observed. In contrast to a previous study on a congeneric trematode species, our findings suggest a relatively weak caste formation in H. elongata, possibly resulting from a corresponding weaker level of interspecific competition.
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Mohapatra, Sanjay, Amit Nayak, Ankita Bhangadiya, Ipshit Bagchi, Pradeep Kumar Sharma, and Sukanya Behera. "A dilemma of terracotta professional – the case of implementing information systems in a terracotta unit." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-04-2013-0038.
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Subject area The case concerns strategy. Study level/applicability This study is applicable to information system, development sector and application of technology in development sector. Case overview Krutika Terracotta Unit is a small unit located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha (India), owned by Mr Tarun Tapan Sahoo. The organization product portfolio varies from decorative statues, pots and vessel to customized products demanded by customers. Organization is also involved in training and renting the products for traditional fairs, marriages and religious ceremony in Bhubaneswar along with order sales. The case attempts to get a close picture of the industry. The exercise of developing the vision, mission, and goals for the organization was carried out and an attempt was made to align the information system with the business objectives even though the organization does not have a very structured organogram. Using BIS will surely reduce manual work and will give qualitative output. There will be lesser hassles in management. The defined and integrated approach will also help in taking strategic decisions well. The objective is to develop and apply well-structured BIS which can be integrated with the existing system so as to develop the terracotta organization in terms of reachability and profit-making with better decision-making capacity. Expected learning outcomes To learn about the business model of a handicraft marketing organization; to learn about the processes involved in traditional art form of Terracotta; to go through the exercise of creating vision, mission, goals of the organization through mutual discussion and expectation of owner; to determine how BIS helps in achieving higher productivity in Krutika Terracotta Unit; and to get an idea about how NPV calculation and social ROI should be measured for finding feasibility of technology investment. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Defence statement has been uploaded. Consent form to publish has been uploaded.
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Logoyda, L. S. "ACADEMIC PLAGIARISM: IMPACT OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY ON THE QUALITY OF HIGHER PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION." Медична освіта, no. 3 (December 3, 2019): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/me.2414-5998.2019.3.10647.
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The article adduces the ways to solve the main problems faced by faculty stuff and students regarding academic plagiarism in higher pharmaceutical education. The development of information technologies, globalization processes in education, facilitating access to a large massive of data, research and publications updated the need for formulation and observance of moral and ethical principles regarding the use of information in the academic sphere.
The research is based on the study of materials obtained from open sources of information and authors’ own experience. Program for checking the text for uniqueness: StrikePlagiarism.com – anti-plagiarized Internet system that automatically checks the originality of text. The system has a simple and user-friendly interface. Documents can be downloaded into the system in many popular formats (DOC, ODT, TXT, PDF), there are no restrictions on the size of the document. The text is compared with Internet resources and database system.
The concept of academic integrity in a civilized world is not mythical by any means, it is rather an effective instrument for ensuring and enhancing the quality of higher education. Myths are born only in heads of individual weak-minded people who are deliberately unwilling to notice the urgency of problem, and even have some benefits to it. That is why the Ukrainian high school shall cease to live with myths in time, and move on to effective actions, implementing fundamental ethical values not by word but by deed. I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine developed an Internal Code of Honour. The University seeks to create an environment conducive to learning, work, innovation, knowledge sharing, intellectual development of students and employees, support of a special academic culture of relationships. Each member of a university community, following the rules of this Code, directly contributes its invaluable contribution to the development of the entire university. The purpose of the Code is to create favourable conditions for the effective performance by members of university community of their duties, based on the principles of high social morality and culture; formation of a conscious moral and legal position of interactions of participants in the educational process; growth and strengthening of positive image of the University as a scientific and educational organization of innovative direction. The priority task of the University is to form a responsible person capable of creative thinking and self-solving of philosophical and professional tasks, to be ready for life and activities in the modern multicultural environment. In my opinion, starting from the next academic year, to the curriculum for the preparation of students of the specialty 226 “Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy” it is expedient to add the subject “Fundamentals of Academic Integrity”, with consideration of essence and principles of academic integrity, as well as general approaches to writing and defence of various types of scientific student works in compliance with the requirements concerning testing for plagiarism. This subject should become the basis of the block of subjects for carrying out scientific researches (taking into account educational and qualification level, professional orientation, academic mobility, etc.). At the same time, it is appropriate to develop the Code of Academic Integrity, based on its own traditions and many years of university experience, high standards in higher education. The key to implementing the Code will be the signing of declarations of academic integrity by lecturers and students.
To prepare the students, integrating the laws and methods of many sciences, plays an important role in adding of Fundamentals of Academic Integrity, with consideration of essence and principles of academic integrity, as well as general approaches to writing and defence of various types of scientific student works in compliance with the requirements concerning testing for plagiarism. This subject should become the basis of the block of subjects for carrying out scientific researches (taking into account educational and qualification level, professional orientation, academic mobility, etc.). The observance of certain ethical principles and values will contribute to ensuring the high quality of higher education, the training of highly qualified masters of pharmacy, which will be competitive in the labour market not only in Ukraine but also abroad.
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Nash, Louise, Michele Daly, Maree Johnson, Garry Walter, Merrilyn Walton, Simon Willcock, Carissa Coulston, Elizabeth van Ekert, and Chris Tennant. "Psychological Morbidity in Australian Doctors who have and have not Experienced a Medico-Legal Matter: Cross-Sectional Survey." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 11 (November 2007): 917–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701634960.
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Objective: To describe the differences in psychological morbidity between Australian general practitioners (GPs) who have experienced a medico-legal matter and those who have not. Methods: A total of 1499 GPs were initially invited to participate in the study. Two hundred and sixty requested not to participate, with 1239 subsequently being sent a survey. There were 566 respondents (45.7% response rate to survey). There were two sources of data. First, a cross-sectional survey sought demographic information, personality traits via the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), history of a medico-legal matter with any medical defence organization, and measures of psychological morbidity, including the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Second, information was extracted from the United Medical Protection database on medico-legal matters. Results: Fifty-nine per cent of respondents to the survey reported ever having a medico-legal matter, with 13% having a current medico-legal matter. Those with a current matter reported increased levels of disability (in work, social or family life) and higher prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (45% vs 27% GHQ ‘case identification’ rates), compared to those with no current matter. Those respondents with a history of past medico-legal matters reported increased levels of disability (SDS) and depression subscores (GHQ). Male respondents drank significantly more alcohol than female respondents, and male respondents with current or past medico-legal matters had significantly higher levels of alcohol use than male respondents with no experience of medico-legal matters. Conclusions: Doctors who have current and past medico-legal matters have a higher level of psychological morbidity. The study design was unable to distinguish cause or effect. A longitudinal study is planned to investigate this. The findings have significant implications for medical training, doctor support systems and medical insurance groups.
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Zhou, Peng, Zhongzhou Chen, Qiaojuan Yan, Shaoqing Yang, Rolf Hilgenfeld, and Zhengqiang Jiang. "The structure of a glycoside hydrolase family 81 endo-β-1,3-glucanase." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 69, no. 10 (September 20, 2013): 2027–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s090744491301799x.
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Endo-β-1,3-glucanases catalyze the hydrolysis of β-1,3-glycosidic linkages in glucans. They are also responsible for rather diverse physiological functions such as carbon utilization, cell-wall organization and pathogen defence. Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 81 mainly consists of β-1,3-glucanases from fungi, higher plants and bacteria. A novel GH family 81 β-1,3-glucanase gene (RmLam81A) fromRhizomucor mieheiwas expressed inEscherichia coli. PurifiedRmLam81A was crystallized and the structure was determined in two crystal forms (form I-free and form II-Se) at 2.3 and 2.0 Å resolution, respectively. Here, the crystal structure of a member of GH family 81 is reported for the first time. The structure ofRmLam81A is greatly different from all endo-β-1,3-glucanase structures available in the Protein Data Bank. The overall structure of theRmLam81A monomer consists of an N-terminal β-sandwich domain, a C-terminal (α/α)6domain and an additional domain between them. Glu553 and Glu557 are proposed to serve as the proton donor and basic catalyst, respectively, in a single-displacement mechanism. In addition, Tyr386, Tyr482 and Ser554 possibly contribute to both the position or the ionization state of the basic catalyst Glu557. The first crystal structure of a GH family 81 member will be helpful in the study of the GH family 81 proteins and endo-β-1,3-glucanases.
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WALLIS, Russell, and Kurt DRICKAMER. "Asymmetry adjacent to the collagen-like domain in rat liver mannose-binding protein." Biochemical Journal 325, no. 2 (July 15, 1997): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3250391.
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Rat liver mannose-binding protein (MBP-C) is the smallest known member of the collectin family of animal lectins, many of which are involved in defence against microbial pathogens. It consists of an N-terminal collagen-like domain linked to C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domains. MBP-C, overproduced in Chinese-hamster ovary cells, is post-translationally modified and processed in a manner similar to the native lectin. Analytical ultracentrifugation experiments indicate that MBP-C is trimeric, with a weight-averaged molecular mass of approx. 77 kDa. The rate of sedimentation of MBP-C and its mobility on gel filtration suggest a highly elongated molecule. Anomalous behaviour on gel filtration due to this extended conformation may explain previous suggestions that MBP-C forms a higher oligomer. The polypeptide chains of the MBP-C trimer are linked by disulphide bonds between two cysteine residues at the N-terminal junction of the collagen-like domain. Analysis of an N-terminal tryptic fragment reveals that the disulphide bonding in MBP-C is heterogeneous and asymmetrical. These results indicate that assembly of MBP-C oligomers probably proceeds in a C- to N-terminal direction: trimerization at the C-terminus is followed by assembly of the collagenous domain and finally formation of N-terminal disulphide bonds. The relatively simple organization of MBP-C provides a template for understanding larger, more complex collectins.
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Orme, Geoffrey J., and James E. Kehoe. "Cohesion and Performance in Military Occupation Specialty Training." Military Medicine 185, no. 3-4 (October 23, 2019): e325-e330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz217.
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Abstract Introduction Cohesion within military teams is not only vital to their performance but also modulates the adverse impact of work stressors on mental health, including depression, distress, and morale. This study stems from previous findings concerning cohesion during recruit training in the Australian Army. In that study, ratings of cohesion clustered on three dimensions, namely horizontal bonding among team members, vertical bonding with leaders, and organizational bonding with the wider army. Ratings on all three dimensions increased during recruit training, similar to what has been during U.S. Army basic training. The present study takes the next step, which is to determine the relationship between team cohesion and external measures of group performance during training in three types of military occupational specialty, specifically, infantry, quartermaster, and administrative clerk. Materials and Methods The final sample of respondents consisted of 261 infantry trainees, 22 quartermaster trainees, and 39 administrative clerk trainees. These sample sizes, their gender distribution (9% female), and age distribution are proportional to their representation in the Australian Army. The questionnaires given to trainees and their instructors were adapted from Siebold and Kelly’s Platoon Cohesion Index used for measuring the types of bonding within a team. The questionnaire for trainees was administered three times during their respective courses. The cohesion questionnaire for instructors was administered at the completion of training. This study was conducted under defence ethics approval DPR-LREP 069-15. Results The trainees’ ratings of horizontal, vertical, and organizational bonding generally started at a high value and further increased throughout each of the three courses. Vertical bonding tended to be higher than the horizontal bonding, which in turn was consistently higher than organizational bonding. At the end of each course, the trainees’ ratings of horizontal bonding had a large significant correlation with their instructors’ ratings of the trainees’ horizontal bonding (r = 0.70), while the ratings of vertical bonding by the trainees versus their instructors had a smaller correlation (r = 0.21). In relation to the trainees’ individual grades on their course, the trainees’ grades were not significantly correlated with their section’s horizontal bonding (r = 0.29), while their section’s mean grade was correlated with their instructors’ ratings of horizontal bonding (r = 0.44). Conclusions The present results during military occupational specialty training paralleled previous findings that Australian Army recruits quickly developed solid team cohesion early in their training, which generally continued to rise in all three courses. Furthermore, as seen previously with recruits, vertical bonding between section members in all three courses and their instructor leaders tended to be higher than horizontal bonding among team members, which in turn was higher than vertical bonding of the trainees with the wider Army. These findings have useful implications for health professionals. When discussing feelings of depression, distress, and low morale, health professionals might explore a military member’s sense of bonding with their team members, their leaders, and their wider organization as possible contributors to their concerns. By the same token, advice aimed at promoting cohesion may help evoke their protective effects.
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Rysz, Kamil, and Kinga Mazurek. "Contemporary foundations of the theory of urban development – case study smart, slow and compact city theory." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0072.
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Abstract The issue of the concept of development and urban planning in an optimal manner is as old as cities. It has not yet been established which human activities are to be considered as conscious and planned space development. It is assumed that the beginnings of rational, thoughtful urban planning should be sought at a time when cities began to be treated as a single organism, which should function smoothly, guarantee the safety of its inhabitants through defence functions and provide a higher standard of living. The effect of these assumptions was the logical placement of buildings, transportation systems and infrastructure, as well as recreational areas so that life in the city was something more than just miserable existence. This article overlooks former planning theories such as the theories of location by J.H. von Thunen or A. Weber, as well as the projects of a garden city by E. Howard and Functional Warsaw by J. Chmielewski and S. Syrkus. Instead, it focuses on what is currently, at the beginning of the 21st century, up to date and combines contemporary concepts of sustainability and new technologies, and treats the city as a resource of limited space, buildings, infrastructure and people representing both purchasing power and the labour force. The article, apart from theoretical considerations, focused on realizations of ideas in practice, quoting both sectoral solutions related to the organization of transportation in the city, as well as to projects of entire cities.
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Дмитриева, Ирина, Irina Dmitrieva, Владислав Шелекета, Vladislav Sheleketa, Сергей Копылов, Sergey Kopylov, Юрий Прибытков, and Yuriy Pribytkov. "Corporate culture of the organization and improvement of the service quality in the conditions of society transformation (on the example of University activities)." Servis Plus 10, no. 4 (December 22, 2016): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23726.
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In the context of a social and cultural situation of post-industrial society, and also in a social political situation of “the transformed society” the article examines the problem of an involvement and degree of the last in the processes happening in the organization. Authors suggest to look at system of relations from social and psychological interrelation between a corporate and organizational culture. Relevance of this consideration is caused by the fact that in cases of the small and growing organizations there is no side between organizational and corporate cultures owing to their formation. Using system approach, authors consider a corporate culture in the conditions of modern service that means from a line item of quality characteristics of the product received “at the exit”. On the example of activities of research university authors come to a conclusion that the corporate culture represents the system characteristic of the organization, creating service level as service qualities. In this sense transition on new education forms at the higher school predetermines new features and, in general, understanding of education as system of educational services. Improvement of training methods in view of a strong competition among higher education institutions for students are caused not by cynical conditions of crisis of education and culture, but by the real social and economic, and also demographic situation. All parameters of activity of the organization are connected among themselves and with the product, – in this case –with the result of training. So, fixed professional growth creates a favorable competitive environment in the organization for the staff of higher education institutions that promotes the fixed growth of advanced training (including defense of theses and getting degree etc.).
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Setyawan, Dharma. "MOVING IJTIHAD AND TAJDID ON AMAL USAHA MUHAMMADIYAH (AUM) IN BUILDING THE CIVILIZATION OF ISLAMIC ECONOMY." ADDIN 11, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/addin.v11i1.1904.
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Muhammadiyah declares that the gate of ijtihad (reasoning) and tajdid (modernization) were being yet continued. Ijtihad was the base core to establish the main character of Muhammadiyah as a Modern Islamic Modernization Movement. Then, the establishment on tajdid (modernization) grows as a motor to improve the system of its movement on finding the solution to ideology problem, politic, business, social, cultural, and defence. Muhammadiyah, which the first time moved on social-religious track, was still upbringing to comprehend and rolling in the progressivity of Moslem society as in the case Indonesia. By ijtihad (reasoning) and tajdid (modernization), the role-model of Muhammadiyah as a social-religious movement grows its root on business practice. The Council of Business and Enterpreneurship (MEK) of Muhammadiyah schedules on developing the House for Charity of Muhammadiyah (AUM). Dawam Rahardjo (2000) confirms, a large number of member and institution will represent as a comparative advantage capital resources to the movement of Muhammadiyah. Those resources orchestrate Muhammadiyah as an organization which is not only moves on social-education-and-religious practices, but as well in business and finance. At least, there are two reasons why Muhammadiyah rolls in business practice. <em>Firstly</em>, Muhammadiyah perform to roll in this business merit by the image of intechangible advantages to other charities: as well as schools, hospitals or religious calls. <em>Secondly</em>, Muhammadiyah sustains a potential power to organize those. That is supported by the fact that there are many beureucrates possess in higher structural of Muhammadiyah, the large number of human resources out-put by Muhammadiyah schools, the enterpreneurs possessions, and large number of its members. This paper researches the Muhammadiyah-Nomic, the contribution of ijtihad and tajdid on Charitable Enterprises of Muhammadiyah (AUM) in building the civilization of Islamic economy.
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Erkinov, Ilhom Erkinovich, Alisher Sagdullaevich Kuchkorov, and Azamat Nizamkulovich Atamurodov. "The Importance Of Military Patriotic Education In Higher And Secondary Special Educational Institutions." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 02, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue12-16.
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One of the urgent tasks of today is to educate young people in the spirit of patriotism, to prepare them physically and spiritually for the defense of the Motherland. Organizes the organization, content, forms and methods of spiritual, political, psychological and physical training of students to serve in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan. This article discusses the military patriotic education of students in higher education institutions. The information provided in the article also includes ideas on patriotic education of students and military personnel.
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Orme, Geoffrey J., and E. James Kehoe. "Development of Cohesion in Mixed-Gender Recruit Training." Military Medicine 184, no. 7-8 (January 23, 2019): e212-e217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy409.
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Abstract Introduction With the removal in 2016 of restrictions on recruiting women to the combat arms in the all-volunteer Australian Army, a key question has been whether adding women to small combat teams will reduce the sense of cohesion among their members, which entails their subjective bonds with each other, their leader, and wider organization. Despite recent initiatives in Australia and the USA, there are too few women in combat units in any country to answer this question and how these subjective bonds affect a team’s ability to stick together under pressure. Men and women recruits in the Australian Army have undertaken basic soldier training in mixed-gender teams since 1995. Recruit training provides the foundation of teamwork and cohesion in all types of units. The present study capitalized on this well-established practice as an avenue for illuminating the development of cohesion in the form of subjective bonds within mixed-gender teams. Materials and Methods The respondents were 89 females and 434 males, who were members of 46 teams denoted as “sections,” each consisting of 9–12 recruits. The gender mix of the sections varied from 0% female (all males) up to 55.6% females. The recruits were surveyed on three occasions during the 81-day recruit training (Days 10, 46, 80). The questionnaire comprised 18 items asking the recruits’ ratings of “vertical” bonding with their instructor/leaders, “horizontal” bonding within their sections, and “organizational” bonding with the wider Australian Army. This study was conducted under Defence ethics approval DPR-LREP 069-15. Results At the start of training, vertical bonding of the recruits with their instructor/leaders was significantly higher than horizontal and organizational bonding, which were similar. During training, all three types of bonding as rated by both female and male recruits increased and largely converged to a high level. Any apparent gender-related differences were not statistically significant. Bonding scores for females did decline slightly as the proportion of women increased, but only significantly for vertical bonding. Even these declines all occurred within a band of high scores. For male recruits, there was no discernible relationship of bonding scores with the percentage of females in a section; the lines of best fit appeared flat. Conclusions Within the Australian Army, women and men have been trained in mixed-gender sections since 1995 with sustained success, at least anecdotally. The present findings provide the first independent confirmation that all three dimensions of cohesion increase in strength during recruit training much to the same degree in women and men alike. To the extent that felt cohesion translates into effective teamwork, mixed-gender training establishes a sound foundation for integrating women into combat units as well as support units, where they have traditionally served.
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Hart, Claudia, Tony Plemmons, Karin Stulz, and Margo Vroman. "Auditing Communication Effectiveness In Higher Education: A Team-Based Study By MBA Students." Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) 10, no. 2 (March 31, 2017): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/cier.v10i2.9924.
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A regional University in the United States implemented an AQIP (Academic Quality Improvement Program) Action Project with a goal of developing processes for effective leadership communication. An MBA (Masters of Business Administration) class conducted a university-wide communication audit to assist with the AQIP project. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed and presented to the AQIP Task Force. The audit was a win-win opportunity for the students and broader university community. University leadership learned about communication strengths and opportunities within the organization and received recommendations on ways to strengthen communication in the areas of communication channels, information flow, and feedback. As a result, the Task Force implemented tools and processes to enhance communication within the University. The audit also provided MBA students with an opportunity to connect classroom theory with workplace practice. As a result of this service-learning project, students acquired knowledge about organizational communication, worked collaboratively with University employees and practiced communication skills as they developed and defended decisions and recommendations.
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Hochachka, P. W. "Mechanism and evolution of hypoxia-tolerance in humans." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 8 (April 1, 1998): 1243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.8.1243.
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To physiologists, the term 'adaptation' usually refers to any trait that is considered advantageous; evolutionary biologists require a more rigorous definition (restricting it to traits arising and maintained under selection). By their definition, many physiological traits may merely reflect inheritance passed on through lineage. In considering the evolution of tolerance to reduced oxygen availability, we examined the issue (of true adaptations versus simple inheritance) in pinnipeds (the two dominant groups, phocids and otariids, with varying diving capacities) and in human lineages exposed for varying generational periods to hypobaric hypoxia. Basic principles of the evolution of complex physiological systems first emerged from an analysis of the diving response. We then analyzed human responses to hypobaric hypoxia in three different lineages: lowlanders, Andean natives (Quechuas) and Himalayan natives (Sherpas). As in the pinniped example, we found 'conservative' and 'adaptable' physiological characters involved in human responses to hypoxia. Conservative characters are clearly dominant and are too numerous to outline in detail; three examples are haemoglobin oxygen-affinities, the organization of muscle into different fibre types and the brain's almost exclusive preference for glucose as a fuel. Most notably, we also found evidence for 'adaptable' characters at all levels of organization examined. At the whole-body level in Quechuas and Sherpas, we found (i) that maximum aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacities were down-regulated, (ii) that the acute effect of hypoxia (making up the energy deficit due to oxygen lack; i.e. the Pasteur effect) expected from lowlanders was blunted, and (iii) that acclimation effects were also attenuated. The biochemical behaviour of skeletal muscles was consistent with lowered reliance on glycolytic contributions to energy supply, thus improving the yield of ATP per mole of carbon fuel utilized. Heart adaptations also seemed to rely upon stoichiometric efficiency adjustments, improving the yield of ATP per mole of oxygen consumed (by using glucose in preference to fatty acids). Most of the biochemical and physiological adaptations we noted (both as acute and as acclimation responses) were similar in Sherpas and Quechuas. These two lineages have not shared a common ancestor for approximately one-third of the history of our species, so it is possible that their similar physiological traits arose independently as hypoxia defence adaptations in two different times and places in our history. As in the evolution of exquisite capacities for management of oxygen down to vanishingly low levels in diving animals, the evolution of human hypoxia-tolerance can be described in terms of how two (conservative versus adaptable) categories of physiological characters are assembled in different human lineages and how the assembly changes through generational time. More recent evidence indicating that our species evolved under 'colder, drier and higher' conditions suggests that these adaptations may represent the 'ancestral' physiological condition for humans.
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B. Nes, Erik. "Antecedents and consequences of replacing international independent intermediaries." European Business Review 26, no. 3 (May 6, 2014): 218–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-09-2013-0118.
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Purpose – What characterizes the relationships with intermediaries that are soon to be replaced, and are the replacements successful? The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The study applies a longitudinal design. The paper conducted a survey among a sample of exporters concerning their relationships with independent intermediaries in terms of trust, commitment, communication, control and two performance variables; financial performance and strategic goal achievement. Five years thereafter the author contacted the same companies again and questioned which independent intermediaries had been replaced in the period. The author then compared the replaced intermediaries with the extended intermediaries before they were replaced and analysed changes in the evaluations of the relationships and of the performance after the replacement. Findings – The relationships with terminated intermediaries that were replaced by sales subsidiary or home-based direct sales were characterized having higher trust, communication and control than extended relationships before replacement. While it may be surprising that these quite successful relationships were terminated, this is in line with internationalization process theories. The replacements, both intermediaries that were replaced by other intermediaries and by sales subsidiary/home-based direct sales, were highly successful in terms of improvement in performance and behavioural relationship variables. Research limitations/implications – The empirical findings are limited by the sample and by data collection from the principal only in the dyadic relations. Practical implications – International independent intermediaries should analyse the likelihood of being replaced by the principal because the relationship or the performance is unsatisfactory, but also because of satisfactory evaluations. Terminations of satisfactory relationships tend to be accompanied by change in operation mode to internal organization. The independent intermediary should in such cases build a defence structure against unwanted termination and/or prepare for buyout. The success of the replacements suggests that international marketers benefit from being proactive in replacing intermediaries with new intermediaries or with a hierarchal entry mode. Originality/value – This is the first study that applies most of these variables from interorganizational relations theory in the study of international independent intermediary replacements. It is also the first to give insight into the consequences of intermediary terminations.
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Pakhomov, Sergey I., Igor M. Matskevich, Valery A. Gurtov, Natalia V. Melekh, and Ekaterina I. Zaugolnikova. "Efficiency of Organizations Entitled to Award Academic Degrees." Integration of Education 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 111–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.098.024.202001.111-143.
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Introduction. As part of the Bologna process since September 1, 2016, the Russian government has granted the right to award academic degrees to leading educational and scientific organizations on par with Dissertation Defense Councils under Higher Attestation Commission, modeled after the system adopted at OECD member-states and universities. Currently, 27 educational and scientific organizations are exercising this right. However, the problematic issue is the assessment of their efficiency. The purpose of this research is to analyze the efficiency of Dissertation Councils of the above-mentioned scientific and educational organizations by comparing them in terms of efficiency with classical Dissertation Defense Councils established by the decree of the Ministry of Education and Scie nce of Russia. Materials and Methods. The research objects are Dissertation Councils of scientific and educational organizations of higher education (hereinafter referred to as pilot organizations) that have the right of independent award of academic degrees according to the Federal Law No. 148 issued on May 23, 2016 “On Amendments to Article 4 of the Federal Law ‘On research and state scientific and technological policy’”. Dissertation Councils efficiency analysis is made using following indicators: Dissertation Councils members’ compliance with the Higher Attestation Commission requirements, structure of candidate and doctoral defenses, Dissertation Councils members’ publications and publication activity of degree seekers. Statistical data analysis methods were applied including mean comparison me thods, clustering, factor analysis. Results. There are 337 pilot Dissertation Defense Councils and 374 classical Dissertation Defense Councils. In 2016, 24% of defenses were reviewed by pilot councils of the total number of defenses in classical Dissertation Councils of the entire network. In 2018 70 doctoral and 591 candidate defenses in “pilot” councils were held, amounting to 7% of the total number of defe nses in classical Dissertation Councils. Discussion and Conclusion. The article will be useful to the heads of federal authorities making management decisions in the field of training and certification of highly qualified scientific personnel, to the chairmen and scientific secretaries of dissertation councils, as well as to scientific and pedagogical workers carrying out analytical studies in this subject area.
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BROŽIČ, LILIANA. "30 YEARS OF SLOVENIA’S INDEPENDENCE AND ITS SECURITY PERSPECTIVE." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, ISSUE VOLUME 2021/ISSUE 23/1 (May 14, 2021): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.23.1.00.
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Every year, the first issue of Contemporary Military Challenges is published in May. This year, May is particularly important for Slovenia and especially for the Slovenian Armed Forces. Thirty years have passed since the first training of Slovenian military recruits on Slovenian territory. The beginning of this training additionally enraged the then authorities, especially the Yugoslav People's Army, and led to what is today known as the Pekre events. The first victim of the independence process fell, and the tensions due to the events that followed grew. They escalated into an armed conflict and a war, which fortunately did not last long. The independence process, however, began much earlier, before May of 1991, and ended with the departure of the last soldier of the former Yugoslav army from Slovenia in October of the same year. The thirtieth anniversary of Slovenian independence is an important milestone in Slovenian history. Unfortunately, this year it will not be commemorated as it should be as the COVID-19 pandemic has severely restricted us from socializing and celebration. It has also brought new circumstances and insights in many areas, where the resilience of the society and security should be particularly emphasized. The understanding and functioning of our national security system has been greatly influenced by the European migrant crisis in 2015, illegal migration, which is still underway, and the pandemic that has no end in sight. In the second semester of this year, Slovenia will hold the Presidency of the Council of the European Union. All of the above brings challenges as well as opportunities. We have learned a lot from the above, one of the most important findings being that self-sufficiency and the ability to take care of oneself are good. In a situation where all countries, not just EU members, are facing problems, it is very useful to be autonomous and independent of others. The various mechanisms of the European Union, NATO and some other international security organizations operate on the principles of solidarity, assistance and burden-sharing. However, it is very hard to share when everybody is lacking in something. The challenge for the future is certainly to anticipate trends, especially in security, to prepare accordingly, to own as much of what you need for yourself and for the functioning of your country, and, if possible, help other countries as well. It is the Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union that requires more investment in the security and defence of countries, as well as in strengthening our common resilience. This has been included in several directives and other documents of the European Union, continually pointed out by its representatives; yet, according to the facts there is still a steady decline in this area. Perhaps Slovenia's Presidency of the Council of the European Union is the right opportunity to pay more attention to this topic. This year, May is also important for the Contemporary Military Challenges. Following last year’s indexing of the publication in the Crossref database, all articles that are available from the Digital Library of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Slovenia will, as of May 2021, also be available from the Military and Government Collection of the EBSCO database and in Air University Library Index in Military Periodicals. This will enable a greater exchange of views, opinions and ideas between Slovenian and foreign authors in the security, defence and military domains. In the Slovenian Armed Forces, a Military Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia is being drafted, and the now retired Brigadier General Branimir Furlan is writing a book on military strategy. Hence, there will be more than enough opportunities for interesting military-related reading. The issues of our publication will contribute to this as well. In this issue, Pavel Vuk writes about the Evolution of the concept of strategy and its relating with the politics. He begins by explaining the historical aspect, when military leaders still consider the combat strategy to be a necessary concept, and gradually moves into the strategy as a way of shaping the public policy and reflecting the political will of the ruling elite. More on how successful countries are in implementing their strategies can be found in the article. Valerija Bernik writes about the Perspectives and challenges of Slovenian military education system. In her article, we learn a lot about the latest changes in the Slovenian Armed Forces in this regard. The author participated in the process of establishing the Higher Military Vocational School (NCO College) and acts as its Head. However, the establishment of the school is not the end, but the beginning of a new path and new opportunities for military education. In her article Activities of the Slovenian Armed Forces during the COVID-19 epidemic, Tanja Kremžar Kovač writes about the experiences of the Slovenian Armed Forces in these exceptional circumstances. The mission of international operations and missions continues despite the epidemic and the various restrictions on movement and travel bans. The armed forces must remain active and effective regardless of the various obstacles. Her article describes in detail how the Slovenian Armed Forces have managed to achieve this. Marjan Horvat focused on an ever-topical issue. Leadership in the Slovenian Armed Forces touches upon some new, as well as some already known topics. Leadership is an area that has never been sufficiently researched and which, despite continuous training and many years of practice, can never be mastered enough. Therefore, every effort dedicated to making progress in leadership is a good investment in every organization, especially in the Slovenian Armed Forces. The COVID-19 epidemic prevents us from properly commemorating the 30th anniversary of our country's independence this year, so we may do so on some other occasion. However, remembering important events and personalities is essential for a nation’s consciousness and patriotism. Jerica Pavšič and Zvezdan Markovič write about this in their article Forms of collective remembrance of General Maister, where they establish how we have been remembering this important figure, his actions and consequences that mainly reflect in the territorial integrity of our country.
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Dong, Hui Fang. "Building the AHP-Based Teaching Ability System for Martial Arts Teachers in Institutions of Higher Learning." Advanced Materials Research 187 (February 2011): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.187.29.
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This study builds with AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) the teaching ability system for martial arts teachers in institutions of higher learning, which falls into four layers: destination layer, criteria layer, feature layer and index layer. The destination layer refers to the teaching abilities of martial arts teachers; the criteria layer consists of two criterions, which are professional practice ability and teaching ability; the feature layer is made up of seven features, including martial arts skills, martial arts organization and judgment, martial arts culture, martial arts graph recognition and routine design, basic quality, basic skill and teaching organization; and the index layer consists of 19 indexes, which are self-defense skills, routine exercise skills, offensive and defensive skills, martial arts organization, martial arts judgment, schools of martial arts, martial arts culture, martial arts graph recognition, martial arts routine design, professional ethics, teamwork, humanistic quality, language expression, student management, teaching research, course design, teaching practice, teaching evaluation and teaching guide. The results show that the top five impact factors for the teaching ability of martial arts teachers in institutions of higher learning are course design, routine exercise skills, teaching practice, teaching research and martial arts routine design.
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Westlund, Steven. "Leading Techies." International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals 2, no. 2 (April 2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhcitp.2011040101.
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The leadership behavior of the immediate supervisor is found to contribute to subordinate job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The purpose of this study is to assess leadership styles that are significantly correlated with software developer job satisfaction. The participants were software developers from 24 organizations in higher education, consulting, defense contracting, and local government. Correlations were assessed through multiple linear regressions. The results indicate a significant predicting relationship between project manager leadership styles and software developer job satisfaction. Contingent-reward, active management-by-exception, and laissez-faire leadership styles are found to be significantly related to overall job satisfaction when controlling the effects of the other independent variables. Implications of these findings are discussed along with recommendations for IT professionals and researchers.
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Bednyi, B. I., A. A. Mironos, and N. V. Rybakov. "Doctoral Education as an Institutional Resource for Training Research and Higher Education Personnel (Article 1)." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 28, no. 8-9 (September 20, 2019): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2019-28-8-9-44-54.
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The diversification of professional trajectories of academic degree holders is now becoming a global trend, and it prompts us to take a fresh look at the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of existing institutions for the training of academic and research personnel – the systems of doctoral education in Russia and abroad – in terms of the training of academic researchers and higher education teaching staff. Our two articles which share the scope of problems and have a single general concept, consecutively address the following issues: the collection and analysis of empirical data on training in doctoral programs; the dynamics of dissertation defense by graduates after the completion of doctoral programs; the actual timeframe of doctoral students’ advancement to their degree; the proportion of graduates who continue their scientific career after graduating from the doctoral program. The first article analyzes the organizational and methodological aspects of information and analytical support of institutions responsible for doctoral education in the countries of the European Union, the United States and Russia. It provides information about the organization of the systems for monitoring doctoral education and doctoral program graduates’ professional careers in foreign countries. The authors note the insufficient information support for the programs aiming to develop doctoral education in Russia, as well as the lack of empirical data necessary to assess the effectiveness of Russian doctoral education in the reproduction of human resources for the research and education sector. The results of the authors’ scientometric research concerning doctoral program graduates’ retention in the field of research and higher education are announced. The second article will present the details of the method and the results of these studies.
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Vogel, Ryan M., and Marie S. Mitchell. "The Motivational Effects of Diminished Self-Esteem for Employees Who Experience Abusive Supervision." Journal of Management 43, no. 7 (January 15, 2015): 2218–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206314566462.
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This research considers two theoretical perspectives on employees’ motivation associated with diminished self-esteem from abusive supervision. The self-defense view of diminished self-esteem suggests that abusive supervision motivates destructive behavior in an attempt to reassert personal control and protect victims’ self-image. The self-presentational view of diminished self-esteem suggests abusive supervision motivates behavior that attempts to signal fit with and value to the workgroup and organization. On the basis of these two theoretical perspectives, we examine how employees’ diminished self-esteem from abusive supervision can motivate destructive work behavior (i.e., supervisor-directed deviance, organizational deviance) and self-presentational behavior (i.e., putting on a façade, ingratiation). Additionally, employees’ turnover intentions, which are an indicator of employees’ psychological detachment from the organization, are considered a moderator of the effects of abusive supervision on diminished self-esteem and associated behavior such that high turnover intentions attenuate the effects. Results of two field studies and a daily diary study support the hypothesized model and show that abusive supervision indirectly influences employees’ workplace deviance and self-presentational behavior via diminished self-esteem. As predicted, the effects are stronger for employees with lower versus higher turnover intentions.
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Verma, Pratima, and R. R. K. Sharma. "The linkages between business strategies, culture, and compensation using Miles & Snow’s and Hofstede culture framework in conglomerate firms." Benchmarking: An International Journal 26, no. 4 (May 7, 2019): 1132–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-06-2017-0153.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the linkages among different employee benefits, business strategies and organizational cultures. The manufacturing and service sectors in the conglomerate industry are investigated. Design/methodology/approach Analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used for the statistical verification of the hypotheses, whereas Levene’s test and Wilk–Shapiro tests are conducted to verify the assumptions of ANOVA. Findings The results reported indicate that the social class benefits (SCB) and long-term benefits (LTB) are high in defenders as compared to prospectors and innovators, whereas group incentive schemes (GIS) are lower in the defender, and power distance and uncertainty avoidance are higher in the defender as compared to prospector and innovator. Practical implications This paper highlights that if mismatch among the employee benefits, strategy and culture occurs, then it becomes a hurdle to the good performance of organization and employee. The proposed model focuses on the effective coherence among the strategy, culture and benefits for leveraging the business processes. This research along with enriching the already existing literature would also act as a guidelines to practitioners implementing organizational change and development and to the academicians for extending the research in this area. Originality/value It has been established in the study that employee benefits (SCB, LTB, GIS and result-oriented benefits) are completely different for innovators, defenders and prospectors for conglomerate firms.
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Kovalenko, Iia. "MAIN DIRECTIONS OF ACTIVITY OF KRYVYI RIH STATE PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE: THE FIRST YEARS OF P.I. SHEVCHENKO'S RECTOR." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 192 (March 2021): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2021-1-192-186-189.
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It’s proved that it’s necessary to study the activity of domestic, pedagogical institutions of higher education from the standpoint of the history of pedagogy, to describe in detail the educational-methodical and scientific-organizational work of institutes/universities and individual figures of the domestic educational branch. This approach allows: to reproduce a holistic picture of the development of the national education system, to track the formation and development of pedagogical ideas, concepts, which have their continuation in the modern scientific and pedagogical discourse. Although domestic science has significant achievements in various areas of historical and pedagogical knowledge, it still needs its study and generalization of step-by-step comprehensive reproduction of the history of individual institutions of higher education. Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University is 90 years old, so there is a need to study its experience in training teachers, as the institute was and remains the only specialized (pedagogical) institution of higher education in the Dnieper region. The author of the article believes that a significant contribution to the development of the Kryvyi Rih Pedagogical Institute was made by the rector - Pavel Ivanovich Shevchenko, who began working in the position in the late 70's of the twentieth century. At the beginning of his organizational-pedagogical and scientific-methodical activity the rector identified the main areas of work that contributed to the development of the university: quality training of part-time students (organization of independent work, cooperation with teachers, individualization of the learning process), general pedagogization of the educational process. organization of pedagogical practice, development of methodical recommendations on pedagogical practice, cooperation between methodologists of different departments) raising the level of qualification cadre of KPI (defense of candidate and doctoral dissertations, internships) and research (group) work of students. The author is convinced that certain areas remain relevant in modern conditions. The formation of the student's personality in higher pedagogical educational institutions will be effective only if the historical educational experience accumulated in Ukraine is used, thorough study, objective assessment and creative understanding of which will help to introduce the best achievements of higher education into modern pedagogical theory and practice.
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Sabonete, Sérgio Abílio, Helga Santa Comba Lopes, David Pascoal Rosado, and João Carlos Gonçalves dos Reis. "Quality of Work Life According to Walton’s Model: Case Study of the Higher Institute of Defense Studies of Mozambique." Social Sciences 10, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10070244.
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The quality of life at work has been one of the most important aspects to be considered by a given organization to achieve pre-defined objectives. Thus, this research aims to analyze the level of satisfaction with the quality of work life (QWL) of the employees of the Higher Institute of Defense Studies “Lieutenant-General Armando Emílio Guebuza” (ISEDEF) according to Walton’s model. A conceptual framework was built through a bibliographic and literature review. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire applied to 97 military and civilian personnel in August 2019. The results show that the general level of satisfaction with QWL is moderate, requiring an improvement in living conditions so that military education and training continues, as well as the development of models that enable the realization of benefits according to the social and economic level in the country.
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Bednyi, B. I., G. L. Voronin, A. A. Mironos, and N. V. Rybakov. "Barriers to Doctoral Degree Attainment: Problems of the Period after Postgraduate Studies." University Management: Practice and Analysis 25, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/umpa.2021.01.003.
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Increasing the effectiveness of postgraduate programs is now becoming one of the most important issues in ensuring the economic development of the state. As a rule, Russian postgraduate students, who are aimed at getting an academic degree, fail to defend their theses during their postgraduate studies, and they need additional time to complete their work. The purpose of this research article is to identify and analyze the key problems faced by Russian postgraduates seeking to submit their dissertations for defense. Our investigation comes to be original in two aspects. First, in contrast to other empirical studies of postgraduate school, the authors’ attention is focused on the barriers to attaining a degree, which arise not in the course of study, but after graduation. Second, the analysis is based on interviewing those graduates who have successfully overcome these barriers and defended their PhD theses. The empirical base of the study is online questionnaire surveys of Russian PhDs (Candidates of Science) who have recently completed their postgraduate studies, as well as administrative and managerial workers responsible for postgraduate students’ training and certification. The quantitative data obtained indicate that the presence or absence of a dissertation council in an organization wherein postgraduate students are trained is one of the key factors determining the pace and effectiveness of the postgraduates’ proceeding to an academic degree. In general, the results of the study make it possible to conclude that the difficulties at the final stage of preparing a dissertation are largely due to the imperfection of the mechanism for pairing the systems of state scientific certification and scientific and pedagogical personnel postgraduate training. Thus, we discuss possible organizational and managerial decisions of how to bring these systems closer and improve the performance of postgraduate studies. This paper might be of interest for higher education researchers, as well as for scientific, pedagogical and administrative workers involved in the management of personnel training and higher scientific qualifications certification.
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Rigolizzo, Michele. "The labs (learning as behaviors) framework for higher-order learning." Learning Organization 25, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tlo-06-2017-0064.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to greater conceptual clarity on the topic of higher-order learning, and to enable its potential empirical measurement. It includes a framework to show how this ability is developed by engaging in specific learning behaviors, each of which constitutes its own level of learning.Design/methodology/approachThree criteria are used to develop the framework. Each learning behavior should lead to a change in long-term memory, should have empirical support for leading to a defined learning outcome, and should be applicable to workplace learning.FindingsThe Learning As Behaviors (LABS) framework presents three novel propositions. Four key learning behaviors of taking on a challenge, attending to information, forming meaningful connections, and practicing with feedback are required to engage in higher-order learning. There is an optimal order to the learning behaviors. Any one individual is unlikely to be motivated to engage in all four learning behaviors.Research limitations/implicationsThe clear definitions and elaborated LABS framework provide a potential new means for empirical research. The learning behaviors provided are directly observable behaviors, each with its own measurable learning outcome.Originality/valueHistorically, engaging in higher-order learning has been presented as a choice that is plagued by psychological forces of self-defense, ego and image management. This paper extends that view by presenting higher-order learning as a domain-specific ability to derive fundamental principles and patterns through critical reflection. It also develops three novel propositions that lend insight into the barriers that employees face as they engage in workplace learning.
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Milošević-Stolić, Jasmina. "Possibilities for developing leadership competences through the system of military education: System openness." Bezbednost, Beograd 63, no. 1 (2021): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bezbednost2101082m.
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The paper presents comparative research on the representation of subjects within the study programs of three higher military educational institutions (Military Academy, University of Defense in Belgrade, University of Defense in Brno, Czech Republic, Royal Military School in Belgium), in order to strengthen their leadership competencies. The conducted comparative research was intended to contribute to predicting the future development of education of professional members of the armed forces, as part of the defense system in the field of leadership, especially because the comparison includes educational systems of countries with different social, economic, historical and social milieu. The aim of the paper in a broader sense was to try and decipher the dimensions of leadership of professional members of the defense system; in a narrower sense the aim was to determine the possibilities of developing leadership competencies through the system of military education provided through the study programs of the Military Universities in Serbia, Belgium and the Czech Republic. The main subject of this research is the leadership competencies of professional military personnel. We have defined the concept of leadership as one of the functions of management, which primarily refers to the influence of leaders on other employees, in order to achieve organizational and group goals. The notion of the necessary leadership competencies is defined as a function of knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to perform complex functions and roles of officers, which can be classified as systemic and interpersonal competencies. The problem of leadership in the defense system is complex due to the very nature and characteristics of the system itself. Precisely because of the significance of the topic, as well as the fact that this issue remains current and new, it is scientifically and professionally justified to dedicate attention to researching the problem of developing leadership competencies in the military educational system. Furthermore, given the fact that change has become a way of life inherent to every modern organization, the military ones included, new leadership competencies, necessary to perform complex functions and roles of defense system officers are required of the employees and therefore it is necessary to implement the concept of lifelong, permanent and continued education in order to meet the demands of the job set before professional military personnel.
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Li, Nan. "Organizational Changes of the PLA, 1985–1997." China Quarterly 158 (June 1999): 314–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000005798.
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At the 15th Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Congress held in September 1997, Chinese leader Jiang Zemin announced that the People's Liberation Army (PLA) would reduce its manpower by 500,000 in the next three years. This is apparently a new step to deepen the military reform that Deng Xiaoping had initiated in early 1980s. Such reform aims to transform the PLA from a manpower-based military geared toward fighting a major defensive “people's war” to a technology-based military capable of forward deployment to deal with more variegated local contingencies. While substantial research has been done on major aspects of this reform, changes within major PLA organizations, such as the Central Military Commission (CMC), the higher command structure, the research and learning institutions, and the force structure, have not been adequately and systematically analysed. This study intends to shed light on these changes. Such a study is necessary and significant also because it helps towards an understanding of the extent, direction and problems of China's defence modernization drive, which may have important implications for Asian security. Finally, it provides an analytical framework for research regarding further organizational changes of the PLA.
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Kirov, Ilya, Murad Omarov, Pavel Merkulov, Maxim Dudnikov, Sofya Gvaramiya, Elizaveta Kolganova, Roman Komakhin, Gennady Karlov, and Alexander Soloviev. "Genomic and Transcriptomic Survey Provides New Insight into the Organization and Transposition Activity of Highly Expressed LTR Retrotransposons of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 9331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239331.
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LTR retrotransposons (RTEs) play a crucial role in plant genome evolution and adaptation. Although RTEs are generally silenced in somatic plant tissues under non-stressed conditions, some expressed RTEs (exRTEs) escape genome defense mechanisms. As our understanding of exRTE organization in plants is rudimentary, we systematically surveyed the genomic and transcriptomic organization and mobilome (transposition) activity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) exRTEs. We identified 44 transcribed RTEs in the sunflower genome and demonstrated their distinct genomic features: more recent insertion time, longer open reading frame (ORF) length, and smaller distance to neighboring genes. We showed that GAG-encoding ORFs are present at significantly higher frequencies in exRTEs, compared with non-expressed RTEs. Most exRTEs exhibit variation in copy number among sunflower cultivars and one exRTE Gagarin produces extrachromosomal circular DNA in seedling, demonstrating recent and ongoing transposition activity. Nanopore direct RNA sequencing of full-length RTE RNA revealed complex patterns of alternative splicing in RTE RNAs, resulting in isoforms that carry ORFs for distinct RTE proteins. Together, our study demonstrates that tens of expressed sunflower RTEs with specific genomic organization shape the hidden layer of the transcriptome, pointing to the evolution of specific strategies that circumvent existing genome defense mechanisms.
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Kriskovets, T. N. "NEW CONTEXTS OF CADETS’ PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN MILITARY EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Современные проблемы науки и образования (Modern Problems of Science and Education), no. 5 2019 (2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/spno.29251.
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Rodríguez, Víctor M., Rogelio Santiago, Rosa Ana Malvar, and Ana Butrón. "Inducible Maize Defense Mechanisms Against the Corn Borer Sesamia nonagrioides: A Transcriptome and Biochemical Approach." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 25, no. 1 (January 2012): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-11-0154.
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In spite of multiple studies elucidating individual defense mechanisms against stalk borer feeding, little information is available about the plant response to these members of Lepidoptera. Four maize inbred lines were cultivated in a greenhouse and challenged with larvae of the corn borer Sesamia nonagrioides. Transcriptome and biochemical analyses were performed to elucidate the maize response mechanisms to this insect. General plant defense mechanisms were activated, including the jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathway, proteinase inhibitors, and four defense-related transcription factors. Interestingly, gene ontology analysis shows that maize plants undergo cell-wall reorganization after being attacked. These results were confirmed through biochemical analyses showing that the concentration of some cell-wall-related compounds significantly changed after plant infestation in a genotype-dependent way. In conclusion, maize plants respond to the attack of the corn borer S. nonagrioides through cell-wall fortification, activating genes involved in cell-wall organization, which finally is reflected in a higher concentration of some cell-wall components, especially in resistant genotypes.
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Kyrian, Tetiana, Inna Nikolaesku, Nataliia Stepanova, and Yuliia Nenko. "Relationship between Professional Burnout of Teachers of Higher Education Institutions of Ukraine and Their Organizational, Professional and Socio-demographic Characteristics." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 12, no. 4 (2020): 268–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/12.4/345.
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The research addresses the need to assess the degree of professional burnout of teachers of higher education institutions of Ukraine and to analyse connection between the level of teachers’ professional burnout and their organizational-professional (type of education, teaching experience) and socio-demographic (age, gender, marital status) characteristics. The article presents results of comparative analysis of major scientific approaches to the content of professional burnout: result of occupational stress; psychological defence mechanism; type of professional deformation of a personality; professional crisis and clinical disorder. The authors’ Questionnaire was employed as the main method of the study. The level of teachers’ professional burnout was explored via “Burnout Syndrome” in professions of the system “man-man” method by Maslach & Jackson. The study was conducted from 01 to 31 May 2020 and involved 302 faculty members of higher education institutions of Cherkasy region (central Ukraine). The findings signal that more than a third of the surveyed teachers experience a high level of expression of all components of professional burnout. The paper reports that the length of teaching experience has a positive effect on reducing most components of professional burnout; the level of emotional exhaustion decreases with age; women have a lower degree of emotional exhaustion than men. It is revealed that the actual socio-demographic characteristics of teachers (age, gender) have a greater impact on such a component of professional burnout as emotional exhaustion, while organizational and professional characteristics have a greater effect on such components of professional burnout as depersonalization and reduction of personal achievements.
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Dishon-Berkovits, Miriam. "The Role of Organizational Justice and Stress in Predicting Job Burnout." Journal of Career Development 45, no. 5 (May 5, 2017): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845317705469.
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This study explores how job-burnout dimensions—emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and personal accomplishment—relate to distributive justice and stress. Questionnaire data were collected in a cross-sectional design from 90 information technology professionals. Structural equation modeling analysis indicated that low levels of perceived justice are associated with higher exhaustion. Next, a parallel mechanism unfolds: High levels of exhaustion are directly related to low levels of personal accomplishment. At the same time, high levels of exhaustion are associated with high levels of cynicism, which are associated with higher levels of self-accomplishment. These findings are consistent with theories, suggesting that employees may utilize cynicism as a defense mechanism in an attempt to protect the self. Cynicism also mediated the relationship between stress and personal accomplishment. Cynicism may help employees cope with exhaustion and stress and thus may protect their sense of self-worth. Theoretical and applied implications for organizations, career development, and counseling are discussed.
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Komarnitskyi, Oleksandr, and Liudmyla Komarnitska. "PUBLIC ACTIVITY OF THE STUDENTS OF PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN KYIV IN 20-30s OF THE 20th CENTURY." Kyiv Historical Studies, no. 1 (2020): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2020.1.14.
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In the 20–30s of the 20th century special attention was paid to the formation of the ideological worldview of students of education institutions, future teachers who were to shape the political consciousness of the younger generation with communist ideals. The ideological principles of the party were subordinated to the social activities of youth, in particular, in Kyiv pedagogical educational institutions. The article deals with the work of student clubs and student government bodies, various organizations. Since the mid-20s of the 20th century trade union organizations took over the functions of youth advocates, which were largely influenced by university administrations and controlled the social composition of students, who presented themselves as an exclusively peasant workers. Some of the students were embraced by work in the cells of voluntary societies, the government used to propagate their ideas of socialist construction and the ideological education of the masses. The most active were the cells of Tsoaviakhim, which oversaw the work of the rifle circles. Close to them were sports clubs. Universities also operated cells of MOPR, the Friends of the Children societies, the All-Ukrainian Society for Land Organization of Working Jews OZET, and the Friends of Radio. The ideological work among students was intensified by the student press, the production of “live and light newspapers” that covered the processes of building a higher school, the participation of youth organizations in the proletariat of institutes and technical schools, the life and attitude of students, their participation in cultural work etc. Most of the time, students took part in enriching work. In particular, they worked on various campaigns related to raising funds for the state’s economic needs, participating in fundraising to strengthen defense, days of industrialization, etc.
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Lemeshkin, R. N., P. K. Kotenko, I. F. Savchenko, G. V. Kosyakov, V. A. Blinov, A. V. Sinkievich, A. V. Stepanov, D. А. Chepurnenko, and А. G. Klimzov. "Problematic use issues military medical terminology in the disaster medicine service ministry of defense of the Russian Federation." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma62817.
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The health care of the Russian Federation and its medicine of accidents industry were undergoing systemic changes that required, inter alia, reappraisal of approaches to the work of specialist doctors in federal ministries, agencies and services in the implementation of joint activities during the elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of emergencies of various genesis. It is noted that during interpersonal communication, medical specialists often encounter various understandings and paths of special professional terms, which often leads to a decrease in the quality of organization of interaction and management. A particular feature of the use of military-medical terminology in the Disaster Medicine Service of the Russian Federation was its mixing with the terminological definitions of specialists from other federal ministries, agencies and services, which in some cases significantly complicates management communication. A scientific search has been carried out using content analysis, rank-based dispersion analysis of data, sociological and linguistic analysis to study the most used terms that characterize such concepts as wounded, sick and affected, injured, patient, medical and sanitary care, treatment and evacuation support, medical care, and terms characterizing types of care. The most significant, according to experts, terms that reflect the practical activities of medical specialists and allow them to master at the proper level the training programs for personnel of higher qualifications in the field of disaster medicine were the terms affected in an emergency, patient (3,770,82 points), as well as treatment and evacuation support (4,670,55 points) and medical support (4,21,1 points). Meaningful terminological contradictions that can lead to a violation of organizational integrity are also identified of the system of medical and evacuation support of troops (forces) and the population during the elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of emergency situations by the forces and means of the medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as not always reflecting the specific conditions of activity and organization of interaction of medical specialists of federal ministries, agencies and services. All this requires harmonization (bringing to a common understanding) of the relevant terminology for the application of military-medical terminology in the Disaster Medicine Service of the Russian Federation.
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Yaroshenko, O. "Theoretical bases for academics’ research competence development under the conditions of higher education and science integration." International Scientific Journal of Universities and Leadership, no. 1(5) (December 20, 2018): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2520-6702-2018-5-1-26-36.
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The academics’ research activity is predetermined in the Law of Ukraine «On Higher Education». Research activity possesses purpose, object, subject, motives, activity of the subject, means, result of activity described in the article. It was emphasized that results of research activities include academic’s scientific discoveries, masters’ and dissertation papers defended under his supervision, and the effectiveness in organization of educational and initiative research activities for students.
Research competence is the personal quality that provides academic with knowledge and comprehension in research activities, ways of presenting scientific results and their use in the educational process. The basis for research competence is the cognitive, activity, value, communicative components
While developing academic’s research competence there are following stages: initial, formation, productive functioning. After each stage there may be stagnation period (fading research activity). The main principles for academics’ research activity competence development, namely functional unity, continuity, variability, voluntariness, openness, transnationality are defined and revealed.
The indicators for academics’ research competence components development are offered: completeness of knowledge, forming the core of cognitive component; the level of formation of abilities necessary for conducting scientific research, processing, proving reliability, designing and presentation of its results, establishing communication links; the attitude to research activity as a motivator for the performance of professional duties and important factor for ensuring the quality of higher education; the ability to apply the results of scientific research in the educational process and organization and management of research activities of applicants for higher education. The highest level of academic’s research competence development is the foundation of scientific school.
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Січкаренко, Г. Г. "Researches of higher education development in Ukraine (1990s)." ВІСНИК СХІДНОУКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ імені Володимира Даля, no. 3(259) (February 18, 2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2020-259-3-77-83.
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The article deals with the state of research in the contemporary historical scientific literature of the problems of higher Ukrainian education in the 1990s, and clarifies a range of topical and promising issues for the study of the educational field. Various studies on the history of higher education in Ukraine are controversial. After all, the evolution of educational systems is determined by the educational policy, which is a field of interaction, interconnection of different social groups with the involvement of public institutions to realize their interests and needs. The consistency and directionality of the analysis is ensured by the use of the problem-chronological approach and the structural-functional method, which allows to determine the level of knowledge regarding the different stages of development of the educational process in the scientific literature.Therefore, the historiography of the development of higher education in Ukraine in the 1990s has undergone several major stages. The writings of the early 1990s were dominated by negative evaluations of Soviet higher education and over-optimistic expectations about its reform and borrowing from the achievements of the Western Defense Law.
The purpose of the article is to provide a historiographical overview of the basic scientific approaches of historians to the development of higher education in Ukraine in the 1990s.In modern research, there is a tendency to consider higher education in the 1990s through the prism of certain elements of its system: legislation, structural changes, quantitative indicators, funding and more. There is a lack of research that combines all the components of higher education and, most importantly, with the subjects of the educational process, human potential. The complex causes of the crisis phenomena in higher education, the peculiarities of the formation of the higher education network, the role of public organizations, the protection of the interests of participants in the educational process, the shadow relations, and so on, remain unanswered. To this day, comprehensive coverage by historians of the deep problems of higher education is relevant, which will help to understand the causes of its current crisis and the optimal ways to solve it.
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Филимонова, О., and O. Filimonova. "“Engineering and Computer Graphics” Discipline in the System of Higher Military Education." Geometry & Graphics 6, no. 4 (January 29, 2019): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c21fba3f26c35.85693389.
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In this paper features for creation of educational process in a military higher education institution when studying “Engineering and Computer Graphics” discipline are revealed. Military education is a part of the Russian Federation’s education system. In conditions of the Armed Forces modernization and development of new methods and ways for conduct of operations the young officers’ perfection acquires a big significance. Requirements applicable to military specialists reflect the concept of educational activity in general – possession of strong theoretical knowledge and formed practical skills at the tasks solution. The big part in the system of development for military engineering education is assigned to practical orientation of training. Future officer has to understand the processes for design, production and operation of cars and mechanisms with varying complexity, therefore be able to work with design documentation of any kind. In the course of “Engineering and Computer Graphics” discipline studying cadets are learned to read and carry out drawings, to develop their technical support, and also to design and model both two, and three-dimensional objects on a plane and in space. The efficiency of graphic training in a greater degree depends on educational activity’s organization. Application of education traditional forms in combination with innovative practice and methods, development of the system of didactic tools focused on increase in educational process’s intensity is the most optimal one for achievement of training maximum results. During realization of the tasks set by the state for training of competent military specialists, the educational process based on principles of personally focused training with developing orientation has been organized by “Engineering and Computer Graphics” discipline teachers of Military Academy of Troops Air Defense of Russian Federation Armed Forces. The developed system of didactic tools enhances the intensity and productivity of cadets’ educational activity, helps to cultivate professional qualities of future military specialists.
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Miranda, Andrew T. "Using Conditional Probabilities to Understand “Human Error” in Military Aviation Mishaps." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601889.
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The Department of Defense Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (DoD HFACS) is the standardized taxonomy used by the services to classify human error identified in mishaps and hazards. DoD HFACS encourages safety investigators and professionals to examine how higher-level influences (e.g. organizational policy, supervisor ability, and technological environment) can impact perfor mance for the individuals executing the actual work (e.g. aviators flying the aircraft). The current project applied the well- known conditional probability formula of Bayes’ Theorem to better understand how the higher-level influences shape the specific types of performance deviations experienced by individuals involved in aviation mishaps.
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Žydžiūnaitė, Vilma. "Intellectual Leadership of Researchers in Higher Education: Relationship Between the Demographic Factors and Roles (Lithuanian Context)." Acta Technologica Dubnicae 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atd-2016-0017.
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Abstract The intellectual leadership of educators or teachers represents a topic of a great interest for educational research and practice. Variety of variables or factors have been examined to find the most complete explanations for teachers’, professors’ and educators’ roles, for example, institutional, financial, gender, organizational, spiritual, and intellectual. No literature was found on the relationship between the demographic variables and researchers’ roles in higher education regarding intellectual leadership. But a lot of studies are focused on the relationship between demographic and other factors in education: job satisfaction, organizational justice, religion, gender, culture, personal and professional roles, stress, mental health, and mobility. The research issue in this study is related to researchers’/scientists’ work in higher education schools and is focused on intellectual leadership, which consists of different roles. It is worth to think about researchers as intellectual leaders and to discover how they recognize or identify their roles in higher education. In this study, findings answer the following research question: “What are the relationships between researchers’ roles and their gender, work experience, dissertation defence date, and research field?” The object of the research study is the researchers’ roles in higher education. The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between demographic factors and researchers’ roles in higher education. Data were collected by performing a questioning survey and using a validated questionnaire with 116 statements in total. The sample consisted of 304 researchers working in higher education institutions. For data analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, Mean and ANOVA calculations were used. The research findings reported that the female-researchers’ evaluations were higher in all cases regarding their roles in higher education schools. The results of the study highlighted that the male-researchers were devoted to the roles of academic citizens and mentors, while they did not refer the interest for academic freedom and the role of a knowledge producer. Findings revealed that the role of an academic citizen is perceived equally to other roles, despite the fact that researchers work in different research fields. In this research study, the highest estimates were given to the roles by the researchers representing medical sciences. Results showed that the lowest estimates for the diverse roles in higher education were provided by the researchers from engineering sciences. A correlation analysis between distinguished minor roles descriptions revealed that the participation of scientists in society debates and public policy correlates with all the remaining roles of scientists very weakly or weakly. The strongest correlation with all roles refers to academic duty, critic, personal development, and acting in one research field. In conclusion, intellectual leadership is the scope of challenging processes regarding developing, designing, creating, defining, ensuring, critiquing, teaching, instructing, researching, mentoring, enabling questioning, generating, envisioning, advocating, encouraging, re-imagining, managing, representing, counseling, achieving, evaluating, acting, and providing. The general components here refer to ideas, values, understandings, solutions, beliefs, visions, knowledge, approaches, purposes, and actions. By concluding the study, it is worth to accentuate that the demographic factors that are meaningful in studying the researchers’ roles within the intellectual leadership in higher education are the following - gender and research areas. The work experience in higher education and the year of Ph.D. defence are not the factors, which are meaningfully related to the role performance, academic duty and academic freedom of the researcher as an intellectual leader in higher education.
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Luh, Robert, Marlies Temper, Simon Tjoa, Sebastian Schrittwieser, and Helge Janicke. "PenQuest: a gamified attacker/defender meta model for cyber security assessment and education." Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques 16, no. 1 (November 22, 2019): 19–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11416-019-00342-x.
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AbstractAttacks on IT systems are a rising threat against the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of critical information and infrastructures. At the same time, the complex interplay of attack techniques and possible countermeasures makes it difficult to appropriately plan, implement, and evaluate an organization’s defense. More often than not, the worlds of technical threats and organizational controls remain disjunct. In this article, we introduce PenQuest, a meta model designed to present a complete view on information system attacks and their mitigation while providing a tool for both semantic data enrichment and security education. PenQuest simulates time-enabled attacker/defender behavior as part of a dynamic, imperfect information multi-player game that derives significant parts of its ruleset from established information security sources such as STIX, CAPEC, CVE/CWE and NIST SP 800-53. Attack patterns, vulnerabilities, and mitigating controls are mapped to counterpart strategies and concrete actions through practical, data-centric mechanisms. The gamified model considers and defines a wide range of actors, assets, and actions, thereby enabling the assessment of cyber risks while giving technical experts the opportunity to explore specific attack scenarios in the context of an abstracted IT infrastructure. We implemented PenQuest as a physical serious game prototype and successfully tested it in a higher education environment. Additional expert interviews helped evaluate the model’s applicability to information security scenarios.
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Piazza, Gianni. "Not only students, but also not enough: the waves of protest in the higher education in Italy." International Review of Social Research 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/irsr-2018-0008.
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Abstract In time of economic crisis, since the 2008 credit crunch, many Western and European countries entered in the “age of austerity” characterized by the imposition of unprecedented large cuts in welfare state provision. Even the public education institutions have been affected by government policies characterized by budget cuts, neoliberal private-oriented reforms and increase in tuition fees for students. In reaction to this, in the following years, various global waves of protests have arisen in many countries all over the world. Differently from the past, not only students have promoted these mobilizations, although they are majority, but also the education systems workforce: from professors/teachers to permanent and precarious researchers, from temporary workers to technical- administrative employees. Although these mobilizations have had specific characteristics related to the national contexts, they have shared common aspects as the defence of public education and the refusal of the commercialization/marketization and privatization process. In this paper I focus on the mobilizations in the higher education system occurred in Italy. The most important waves of protests were in 2008-2010 against the budget cuts and the university neoliberal reform promoted by the former centre-right Education Minister Gelmini. If in the 2008, students and precarious workers mainly promoted the Anomalous Wave movement, so called for its unpredictability, in the 2010, beyond the students, the open-ended researchers were the main protagonists. Notwithstanding the mass participation and the sympathy of part of the public opinion, the reform and the cuts were approved and then, the mobilizations decreased and seemed to be completely finished. I argue that these mobilizations were unsuccessful not only because of the fragmentation of student organizations and because of the low salience of higher education in Italian public opinion, but also because protesters were not supported by most university staff and hindered by the academic authorities (deans and rectors).
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Hlushko, Tetiana. "Neoliberal Algorithm of Higher Economic Education as the Instrument for Deformation of Strategic Thinking." International Scientific Journal of Universities and Leadership, no. 10 (December 20, 2020): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2520-6702-2020-10-2-26-34.
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Neoliberal paradigm of higher education, which is dominating in today’s global world, orients everyone who studies economic science for compliance with standards of self-regulating free market and recognition of its key role in social economy. Such educational algorithm, in our opinion, significantly narrows the range for comprehension of strategic solutions in specific historical economic problems. In particular, limiting the horizons of professional economists and focusing their attention on the capabilities of only one economic ideology significantly restricts freedom of thought and freedom of choice for strategies of economic behavior. Also we should say that mixed types of economic evolution in developed countries are not practically determined by the theoretical postulates defended by neoliberalism. Thus, critical analyses and significant transformation of implemented in the 1990’s ideological platform are long ago actualized not only in theory, but mainly in the level of socio-economic practices. In our opinion, modern Ukraine needs a fundamentally new approach for organization of educational process in the field of higher economic education. And the main focus of transformation in educational sphere should be namely strategic vectors of comprehension for the future of the country. That is, we must clearly define which kind of professional economists we are educating and for what purpose: should they create and implement effective strategies of socio-economic development or just to reproduce borrowed economic scenarios, formed by external global actors? Our answer to this question requires providing of an academic condition for creating self-sufficient professionals who will be able to take responsibility for development and implementation of productive socio-economic strategies.
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Ismail, Azman, Nurrul Adnan, and Rizal Bakar. "Perceived career development support in workplace career programme." Ekonomski anali 59, no. 201 (2014): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1401157i.
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This study aims to quantify the relationship between the workplace career programme, perceived career development support, and job satisfaction. The survey method was employed to gather self-reported questionnaires from employees who work at a defence-based higher learning institution in Malaysia. The outcomes of SmartPLS path model analysis showed two important findings: first, the relationship between career planning and career management was positively and significantly correlated with job satisfaction. Second, the relationship between perceived career development support was positively and significantly correlated with job satisfaction. This finding confirms that perceived career development support does act as an important mediating variable in the relationship between workplace career programme and job satisfaction in the organizational sample. This study includes a discussion, implications, and a conclusion.
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Haruna, Shoji, and Rajeev K. Goel. "International Tariffs in a Mixed Oligopoly with Research Spillovers." Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 22, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2016-0007.
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AbstractThis paper merges three strands of the literature – industrial organization, international trade, and economics of technical change – to examine the effect of tariffs on international mixed oligopolies which conduct research and development (R&D) that is prone to spillovers. Mixed oligopolies are prevalent in the defense sector, among other sectors. Using a two-stage sequential game with R&D in the first stage and production in the second stage, results show that higher tariffs reduce outputs of both the domestic public firm and foreign private firms, and private R&D. Effects on domestic R&D and welfare, and profits of foreign private firms depend upon spillovers. Within a large range of research spillovers, higher tariffs can in fact lower welfare. Some of these findings are different from traditional oligopolies and from models that ignore research spillovers. Policy implications are discussed.