Journal articles on the topic 'Higher Australia Planning'
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1
Gibson, Chris. "Geography in Higher Education in Australia." Journal of Geography in Higher Education 31, no. 1 (January 2007): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03098260601033050.
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Sharpham, John. "Managing the transition to mass higher education in Australia." Long Range Planning 26, no. 2 (April 1993): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(93)90135-3.
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Pokarier, Christopher. "Cross-border higher education in the Australia–Japan relationship." Australian Journal of International Affairs 60, no. 4 (December 2006): 552–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357710601007034.
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Peng, Fanke, Benjamin Altieri, Todd Hutchinson, Anthony J. Harris, and Daniel McLean. "Design for Social Innovation: A Systemic Design Approach in Creative Higher Education toward Sustainability." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 8075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138075.
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The role and responsibilities of our creative Higher Education are evolving in our ever-changing society. Systemic design thinking equips our design students with the means to promote sustainable development objectives via engagement, community building and discourse. This study reflects on interdisciplinary resource recovery projects for the City of Adelaide (CoA) during a final-year systemic design course in the Product Design programme at the University of South Australia. Since 2015, the core design team has collaborated with external partners outside of HE sectors, including NGOs, local councils, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) government and the South Australia (SA) government, to promote social innovation towards sustainability. Systemic design is one of the core courses of the Bachelor of Design, Product Design programme within the faculty of Creative, University of South Australia. In this course, system thinking combined with project-based learning (PBL) was adapted and illustrated to demonstrate good systemic design practice for social innovation. This study was focussed on how we can collaborate on a variety of interdisciplinary projects to contribute to the realisation of the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from a human-centred systemic design perspective.
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McKenzie, N. L., R. D. Bullen, and M. Pennay. "Echolocation and foraging ecology of the bristle-faced free-tailed bat, Setirostris eleryi, in central Australia." Australian Mammalogy 42, no. 3 (2020): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am19038.
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We document the spectral characteristics of echolocation sequences of Setirostris eleryi recorded from riparian zones in the Central Ranges in Western Australia, near Warakurna. These are the first records of this species in Western Australia. The sequences are comparable to reference S. eleryi sequences from near Alice Springs, as well as to sequences from a nearby vouchered specimen locality (Hull River in the Northern Territory), yet distinct from Scotorepens greyii sequences from Western Australia, including locations in the Central Ranges. The central Australian S. eleryi sequences average 3kHz higher in frequency than reference S. eleryi recordings from eastern Australia. We deduce the species’ foraging strategy, microhabitat, wing beat frequency and flight speed from the echolocation sequences, then show that these deductions are consistent with calculations based on an airframe analysis of museum specimens, and with available field observations. The echolocation recordings provided a quick, passive, cost-effective characterisation of foraging niche, useful for conservation planning.
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Baker, Tom. "Home-making in Higher Density Cities: Residential Experiences in Newcastle, Australia." Urban Policy and Research 31, no. 3 (September 2013): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2013.799064.
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Shah, Zawar, Shannon Kennedy-Clark, Yancong Xie, Md Shamsur Rahim, Mehregan Mahdavi, and Andrew Levula. "Teacher Views on Teaching Sustainability in Higher Education Institutes in Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 10, 2022): 8431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148431.
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Higher education for sustainable development (HESD) plays a key role in achieving the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research study specifically examined HESD in terms of eLearning initiatives in Australian private higher education providers from the perspective of teachers. A qualitative structured interview method was adopted wherein 10 teachers were interviewed in order to gain an understanding of their general knowledge of HESD, their attitudes and experience towards HESD, their teaching practices related to HESD, and their understandings of strategy as well as planning initiatives for their institution. The main findings suggest that (1) teachers in private higher education providers tend to have a limited knowledge of sustainability concepts and limited experience in teaching sustainability; (2) eLearning can be a valuable approach in teaching sustainability, but this approach presents teachers with challenges such as student engagement; and (3) private higher education providers require proper resources and governance frameworks in order for any sustainability initiative to be successful. This research highlights the resourcing aspect of private higher education providers in training staff, developing learning materials, and developing practical guidelines to achieve the SDGs by 2030.
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WIJEWARDENA, HEMA, and ANURA DE ZOYSA. "THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONTROL ON PERFORMANCE OF SMEs IN AUSTRIALIA." Journal of Enterprising Culture 09, no. 04 (December 2001): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495801000195.
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Although there has been some discussion in the academic literature on the relationship between planning and performance of small and medium enterprises(SMEs), no prior research has attempted to capture the control aspect of planning and its possible impact on performance. Furthermore, most of the studies on this aspect have been concentrating on long-range strategic planning with little attention being devoted to financial planning based on annual budgeting. Therefore, based on the results of a study involving a questionnaire survey of budgetting and budgetary control processes of 473 manufacturing SMEs in Australia, this paper attempts to provide an analysis of the impact of both financial planning and control of the sample firms on their performance. The results reveal that greater comprehensiveness in both financial plannig and control processes leads to higher sales performance of these firms.
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Schofield, Margot J., Victor Minichiello, Gita D. Mishra, David Plummer, and Jan Savage. "Sexually Transmitted Infections and Use of Sexual Health Services among Young Australian Women: Women's Health Australia Study." International Journal of STD & AIDS 11, no. 5 (May 2000): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646240001100507.
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Our objective was to examine associations between self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and sociodemographic, lifestyle, health status, health service use and quality of life factors among young Australian women; and their use of family planning and sexual health clinics and associations with health, demographic and psychosocial factors. The study sample comprised 14,762 women aged 18–23 years who participated in the mailed baseline survey for the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, conducted in 1996. The main outcome measures are self report of ever being diagnosed by a doctor with an STI, including chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts or other STIs, and use of family planning and sexual health clinics. The self-reported incidence of STI was 1.7% for chlamydia, 1.1% genital herpes, 3.1% genital warts, and 2.1% other STIs. There was a large number of demographic, health behaviour, psychosocial and health service use factors significantly and independently associated with reports of having had each STI. Factors independently associated with use of family planning clinic included unemployment, current smoking, having had a Pap smear less than 2 years ago, not having ancillary health insurance, having consulted a hospital doctor and having higher stress and life events score. Factors independently associated with use of a sexual health clinic included younger age, lower occupation status, being a current or ex-smoker, being a binge drinker, having had a Pap smear, having consulted a hospital doctor, having poorer mental health and having higher life events score. This study reports interesting correlates of having an STI among young Australian women aged 18–23. The longitudinal nature of this study provides the opportunity to explore the long-term health and gynaecological outcomes of having STIs during young adulthood.
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Warner, David. "Shale gas in Australia: a great opportunity comes with significant challenges." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12087.
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Australia could have shale gas resources several times bigger than the existing conventional gas resource base, which is estimated at about 5,300 BCM (190 TCF) by Geoscience Australia (GA). The Australian Government has no estimate of potential shale gas resources. The US Department of Energy (EIA) in 2011 estimated Australian shale gas resources to be 400 TCF. The quantity of this estimate is supported by an Australian study—which estimates resources of 600 TCF—conducted by Advanced Well Technologies (AWT) in conjunction with DSWPET. While there are significant technical differences between the shale gas plays in the US and Australia, it is too early to tell if the technical differences are barriers. There are also significant differences in the commercial landscape. The lack of capacity in Australia has lead to much higher costs for drilling and fracture stimulation than in the US. The size of the domestic gas market is much greater in the US and its existing infrastructure allows for production to come onstream quickly. In Australia this infrastructure is not present in most areas and the domestic market cannot support another large gas development. Perhaps the greatest challenge to this great opportunity is politics. There is a public, hence political,perception that all gas sources have the same gasland problems. These perceptions can be changed. First, the petroleum industry and governments need to understand the potential size of the gas resource and the possible strategic opportunity for Australia. Also these parties need to recognise that the shale gas resources are often located away from areas of high social and environmental impact. Once these factors are understood by these parties, factual information about the environmental impact of shale gas plays in comparison with coal seam methane and other alternative gas supplies can be factored into gas resource planning.
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Clarke, Robert, and Andrea Adam. "Digital storytelling in Australia." Arts and Humanities in Higher Education 11, no. 1-2 (June 20, 2011): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474022210374223.
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This project explored the experiences of a small sample ( N = 6) of Australian academics with the use of digital storytelling as a pedagogical tool in higher education contexts. This article describes two case studies of academic uses of digital storytelling, along with interpretive analysis of six semi-structured interviews of academics working within media and communication studies and their reflections on the potential of digital storytelling to enhance student learning and the student experience. Three consistent themes emerged, based around issues of definition, the need for ‘constructive alignment’, and resource and planning requirements. Academics regarded digital storytelling as a complement to, not a substitute for, conventional methods of learning and assessment such as the critical research essay. Overall, reservations exist regarding the promise of digital storytelling as a pedagogical tool that some academics have recently claimed for it.
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Awasthi, S. P., and Ashoka Chandra. "Migration from India to Australia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300207.
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The article examines the contemporary trends and future prospects of migration from India to Australia. The focus is on Indian Settlers and Temporary Entrants admitted to Australia for employment and Indian students admitted to Australia for higher studies. The volume of emigration for permanent residence during the early 1990s has made India one of the leading source countries of migration to Australia. A majority of Indians admitted as Settlers every year join the labor force. Recent data indicate that, among Indian Settlers, there is a preponderance of unsponsored Independent Skilled Migrants. Given the anticipated growth in the number of Indian students, the coming years are likely to witness a spurt in Skilled Temporary Workers from India.
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Sari Hutagaol, Yulia Purnama, Fauriatun Helmiah, and Sumantri Sumantri. "Penerapan Metode Algoritma C4.5 untuk Menentukan Kualitas Telur Ayam Australia Terbaik." J-Com (Journal of Computer) 1, no. 3 (November 4, 2021): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33330/j-com.v1i3.1348.
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Abstract: Australia chicken eggs are one of the animal foods that are consumed in addition to meat, fish and milk. Australian chicken eggs contain high nutrition, sustainable availability, and relatively higher prices compared to other eggs, making Australian chicken eggs in great demand by consumers. However, Australian chicken eggs are easily damaged and decreased in quality due to the entry of bacteria into the eggs. CV. Bintang Ternak selection of quality eggs is still done manually by employees, so there is a need for a new method in determining quality eggs. cv. Bintang Ternak has a sample of 90 Australian chicken eggs. The sample used is Australian chicken egg shell, in determining the quality of Australian chicken eggs can be seen from the condition of the egg shells. Planning in solving these problems will use the C4.5 algorithm method. With the application of the C4.5 algorithm method contained in the rapidminer5 application, there are several advantages to be gained, namely in making a simpler decision, shortening employee work, more flexibility in selecting class attributes, accuracy in predicting more effectively and efficiently and easy to understand with there are conclusions generated by the rapidminer5 application that can be seen from the decision tree or rules obtained using 90 samples of test data resulting in an accuracy of 90%. Keywords: Rapid Miner5;Algorithm C4.5;Determining the Best Quality of Australian Chicken Eggs. Abstract: Telur Ayam Autralia merupakan salah satu bahan makanan hewani yang dikonsumsi selain daging, ikan dan susu. Telur ayam australia mengandung gizi yang tinggi, ketersediaan yang berkelanjutan, dan harga yang relatif lebih dibandingkan dengan telur lainnya sehingga menjadikan telur ayam australia sangat diminati oleh para konsumen. Namun, telur ayam australia mudah mengalami kerusakan dan penurunan kualitas akibat masuknya bakteri kedalam telur. CV. Bintang Ternak pemilihan telur yang berkualitas masih dilakukan secara manual oleh karyawan, sehigga perlu adanya metode terbaru dalam penentuan telur yang berkualitas. Cv. Bintang Ternak memiliki sampel telur ayam australia 90 butir. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu kulit telur ayam australia, dalam menentukan kualitas telur ayam australia dapat dilihat dari kondisi kulit telurnya. Perencanaan dalam penyelesaian permasalahan tersebut akan menggunakan metode algoritma C4.5. Dengan adanya penerapan metode algoritma C4.5 yang terdapat pada aplikasi rapidminer5 maka ada beberapa keuntungan yang didapat diperoleh yaitu dalam mengambil suatu keputusan lebih sederhana, mempersingkat pekerja karyawan, lebih fleksibel dalam pemilihan atribut kelas, keakuratan dalam memprediksi lebih efektif dan efisien dan mudah dipahami dengan adanya kesimpulan yang dihasilkan oleh aplikasi rapidminer5 yang dapat dilihat dari pohon keputusan atau rule yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan 90 sampel data uji memghasilkan akurasi sebesar 90%. Kata kunci:RapidMiner5;Algoritma C4.5;Menentukan Kualitas Telur Ayam Australia Terbaik.
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Alejandro-Cruz, Jesus S., Rosa M. Rio-Belver, Yara C. Almanza-Arjona, and Alejandro Rodriguez-Andara. "Towards a Science Map on Sustainability in Higher Education." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (June 27, 2019): 3521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133521.
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This article analyses how the concept of sustainability is being incorporated into global research of higher education. This study utilizes different scientometric reviews of global research between 1991 and 2018 using text mining techniques in order to generate first and second-generation bibliometric indicators, the latter are displayed in science maps. A total of 6724 articles and conference proceedings were collected from the Web of Science and Scopus databases to generate this research. From the results obtained, it was possible to build a canvas of the main institutions that have significantly contributed to the topic of sustainability in higher education, and it was found that 40.58% of the records originated in institutions from the United States, China, United Kingdom, and Australia. This study also provides an insight into emerging trend themes, and patterns of research in the area of sustainability worldwide. Terms such as regional planning and environmental protection inside the top keywords found, suggest a greater interest in issues of sustainable planning and social awareness and that higher education is becoming the cornerstone of environmental awareness, innovation, and guidance to achieve sustainability goals in higher education institutions, as well as in society and government.
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Xerri, Matthew, Rod Farr-Wharton, Yvonne Brunetto, and Dennis Lambries. "Work harassment and local government employees: Australia and USA." International Journal of Public Sector Management 29, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-05-2015-0094.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the impact of management and colleagues on the perception of work harassment and outcomes of local government employees in Australia and the USA. Design/methodology/approach – Completed surveys from local government employees (265 from the USA and 250 from Australia) were analysed using structural equation modelling and an ANOVA. Findings – The results depict support for the overall measurement and structural models showing that workplace relationships impact on work harassment, and in turn employee outcomes (psychological wellbeing and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour-Individual (OCB-I)), although not all paths were accepted for each country. Statistically significant differences were found between the Australian and USA samples for both the measurement and structural models, with the sample from the USA showing much higher levels of satisfaction with workplace relationships, higher levels of psychological wellbeing, OCB-I, and lower perceptions of work harassment. Practical implications – The findings provide implications that Australian and US local government employees, positioned closest to the public, experience work harassment probably as a result of chronic under-resourcing both in terms of manpower and other resources, and coupled with unrealistically high-performance targets. The results depict that such work harassment is resulting in lower psychological wellbeing (USA only) and lower extra-role behaviour associated with OCB-I (Australia and USA). Originality/value – The value of this paper is that it benchmarks the impact of workplace relationships on work harassment for local government employees across two Anglo-American countries.
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Christie, Michael, Sorrel Penn-Edwards, Sharn Donnison, and Ruth Greenaway. "Selective Planning of the First Year Experience in Higher Education: A Sweden-Australia Comparative Study of Support." International Journal of Higher Education 7, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n2p128.
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Literature on the support of the First Year Experience (FYE) in institutions of Higher Education provides a range of modelled approaches. However, we argue that institutions still need to selectively plan which approach/es and attendant strategies are best suited to their particular contexts and institutional policy and practice frameworks and how their FYE is to be presented for their particular student cohort. This paper compares different ways of supporting students in their first year in two contrasting universities. The first case study focuses on a first year course at Stockholm University (SU), Sweden, a large, metropolitan, single campus institution, while the second investigates a strategy for supporting first year students using a community of practice at a satellite campus of the University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), a small regional university in South-East Queensland, Australia. The research contrasts a formal, first generation support approach versus a fourth generation support approach which seeks to involve a wider range of stakeholders in supporting first year students. The research findings draw conclusions about how effective the interventions were for the students and provide clear illustrations that selective planning in considering the institution’s strategic priorities and human, physical, and resource contexts was instrumental in providing a distinctive experience which complemented the institute and the student cohort. (212 words)
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Brooker, Abi, and Lydia Woodyatt. "2019 Special Issue: Psychological Wellbeing and Distress in Higher Education." Student Success 10, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): i—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ssj.v10i3.1419.
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Many universities around the world have now initiated wellbeing strategies that encompass psychological wellbeing. These resources can be leveraged for change to better support students. Associate Professor Lydia Woodyatt from Flinders University, Adelaide and Dr Abi Brooker from the University of Melbourne are guest editors for this very special issue which includes a collection of articles from scholars and practitioners in Australia, Canada, the US, UK and Germany addressing student (and staff) psychological wellbeing in higher education. Broadly, articles discuss the scope of mental wellbeing and psychological distress, identify specific cohorts (including international students and refugees), profile targeted means of support (via the curriculum, the co-curriculum and strategic policy and planning initiatives) and also identify the need for ‘psychological literacy’ via leadership.
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Dale, Katie Dorothy, James McCracken Trauer, Pete J. Dodd, Rein M. G. J. Houben, and Justin Timothy Denholm. "Estimating the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in a low-incidence setting: Australia." European Respiratory Journal 52, no. 6 (December 2018): 1801218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01218-2018.
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Migration is a key driver of tuberculosis (TB) in many low-incidence settings, with the majority of TB cases attributed to reactivation of latent TB (LTBI) acquired overseas. A greater understanding of LTBI risk in heterogeneous migrant populations would aid health planning. We aimed to estimate the LTBI prevalence and distribution among locally born and overseas-born Australians.Annual risks of TB infection estimates were applied to population cohorts (by country of birth, year of arrival and age) in Australian census data in 2006, 2011 and 2016.Both the absolute number and proportion of Australian residents with LTBI increased from 4.6% (interquartile range (IQR) 4.2–5.2%) in 2006 to 5.1% (IQR 4.7–5.5%) in 2016, due to the increasing proportion of the population born overseas (23.8% in 2006 to 28.3% in 2016). Of all residents estimated to have LTBI in 2016; 93.2% were overseas born, 21.6% were aged <35 years and 34.4% had migrated to Australia since 2007.The overall prevalence of LTBI in Australia is low. Some residents, particularly migrants from high-incidence settings, may have considerably higher risk of LTBI, and these findings allow for tailored public health interventions to reduce the risk and impact of future TB disease.
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Phillips, Matthew W., and Charles W. Stahl. "International Trade in Higher Education Services in the Asia Pacific Region: Trends and Issues." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 10, no. 2 (June 2001): 273–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680101000203.
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The expansion of trade and investment in the global economy since the 1980s has been accompanied by an associated growth in the international trade in education services, particularly higher education. In this paper we provide a detailed analysis of the expansion of higher educational mobility, measured by the burgeoning numbers of tertiary students going abroad to study. In particular, this paper investigates the increasing mobility of students from the Asia Pacific region undertaking study in Western Europe, North America and Australia. The paper argues that increasing international trade in education services in the Asia Pacific region reflects the strategic importance of these services to develop and maintain the long-term economic and social viability of these nations. Increasingly governments throughout the world now recognize the crucial role of education in fostering economic growth (especially in new knowledge-based sectors), personal and social development, as well as reducing inequality. Nations with well-established and prestigious higher education systems such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia have been the main beneficiaries of this growing trade in education services. These countries have been at the forefront of educational exports as they have led aggressive marketing campaigns to recruit new students as well as develop new methods of higher education provision and delivery. Further, this paper explores the positive and negative effects of student mobility, and the linkages between the internationalization of higher education and the professions. Finally, this study makes some suggestions for further research.
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Standen, Jeffrey C., Jessica Spencer, Grace W. Lee, Joe Van Buskirk, Veronica Matthews, Ivan Hanigan, Sinead Boylan, Edward Jegasothy, Matilde Breth-Petersen, and Geoffrey G. Morgan. "Aboriginal Population and Climate Change in Australia: Implications for Health and Adaptation Planning." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 19, 2022): 7502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127502.
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The health impacts of climate are widely recognised, and extensive modelling is available on predicted changes to climate globally. The impact of these changes may affect populations differently depending on a range of factors, including geography, socioeconomics and culture. This study reviewed current evidence on the health risks of climate change for Australian Aboriginal populations and linked Aboriginal demographic data to historical and projected climate data to describe the distribution of climate-related exposures in Aboriginal compared to non-Aboriginal populations in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The study showed Aboriginal populations were disproportionately exposed to a range of climate extremes in heat, rainfall and drought, and this disproportionate exposure was predicted to increase with climate change over the coming decades. Aboriginal people currently experience higher rates of climate-sensitive health conditions and socioeconomic disadvantages, which will impact their capacity to adapt to climate change. Climate change may also adversely affect cultural practices. These factors will likely impact the health and well-being of Aboriginal people in NSW and inhibit measures to close the gap in health between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations. Climate change, health and equity need to be key considerations in all policies at all levels of government. Effective Aboriginal community engagement is urgently needed to develop and implement climate adaptation responses to improve health and social service preparedness and secure environmental health infrastructure such as drinking water supplies and suitably managed social housing. Further Aboriginal-led research is required to identify the cultural impacts of climate change on health, including adaptive responses based on Aboriginal knowledges.
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Edwards, Daniel, and Paul Weldon. "Understanding teacher supply: Where do online Initial Teacher Education students fit?" Australian Journal of Education 61, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004944116688962.
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Curriculum delivery in higher education is changing rapidly, notably in the area of online delivery. Initial Teacher Education (ITE) in Australia is no exception to this, and this article explores this growth with a particular focus on its implications for workforce planning for teachers. In this planning in Australia, ITE students are usually considered part of the ‘supply pipeline’ for the state in which their university is located. However, with online delivery, students could potentially be enrolled on the other side of the country (or the world) from the physical location of their institution. The data presented here show that of the growing cohort of external ITE graduates, a small but significant group resides outside of the state in which their institution of enrolment is located. This exploration of data highlights some new evidence which has consequences for teacher supply planning and offers insight to inform future teacher workforce projections.
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Hohnen, Rosemary, Karleah Berris, Pat Hodgens, Josh Mulvaney, Brenton Florence, Brett P. Murphy, Sarah M. Legge, Chris R. Dickman, and John C. Z. Woinarski. "Pre-eradication assessment of feral cat density and population size across Kangaroo Island, South Australia." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19137.
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Abstract Context Feral cats (Felis catus) are a significant threat to wildlife in Australia and globally. In Australia, densities of feral cats vary across the continent and also between the mainland and offshore islands. Densities on small islands may be at least an order of magnitude higher than those in adjacent mainland areas. To provide cat-free havens for biodiversity, cat-control and eradication programs are increasingly occurring on Australian offshore islands. However, planning such eradications is difficult, particularly on large islands where cat densities could vary considerably. Aims In the present study, we examined how feral cat densities vary among three habitats on Kangaroo Island, a large Australian offshore island for which feral cat eradication is planned. Methods Densities were compared among the following three broad habitat types: forest, forest–farmland boundaries and farmland. To detect cats, three remote-camera arrays were deployed in each habitat type, and density around each array was calculated using a spatially explicit capture–recapture framework. Key results The average feral cat density on Kangaroo Island (0.37 cats km−2) was slightly higher than that on the Australian mainland. Densities varied from 0.06 to 3.27 cats km−2 and were inconsistent within broad habitat types. Densities were highest on farms that had a high availability of macropod and sheep carcasses. The relationship between cat density and the proportion of cleared land in the surrounding area was weak. The total feral cat population of Kangaroo Island was estimated at 1629±661 (mean±s.e.) individuals. Conclusions Cat densities on Kangaroo Island are highly variable and may be locally affected by factors such as prey and carrion availability. Implications For cat eradication to be successful, resources must be sufficient to control at least the average cat density (0.37 cats km−2), with additional effort around areas of high carcass availability (where cats are likely to be at a higher density) potentially also being required.
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Sen, Gaurangi, Hing-Wah Chau, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq, Nitin Muttil, and Anne W. M. Ng. "Achieving Sustainability and Carbon Neutrality in Higher Education Institutions: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010222.
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Universities and higher education institutions play an important role in achieving a sustainable future through their teaching and by undertaking cutting edge research to combat climate change. There have been several efforts towards a sustainable future and achieving carbon neutrality at higher education institutions in Australia and around the world. This study has reviewed the sustainability strategies of numerous universities in Australia and has identified as study cases six universities that are committed to and leading the implementation of initiatives to achieve carbon neutrality. The initiatives implemented at the selected universities were classified into eight “sustainability categories”, namely, built environment, energy, food and gardens, GHG emissions, natural environment, resource and waste management, transport, and water. Among the selected leading universities in sustainability, Charles Sturt University and the University of Tasmania (UTAS) are the only universities in Australia certified as carbon neutral. An interesting aspect of this review is the way in which universities are implementing sustainability initiatives in line with their mission and strategies. Despite striving towards the same end goal of achieving carbon neutrality, different institutions offer individually unique approaches towards sustainability. For example, UTAS values the creation, expansion and dissemination of knowledge and the promotion of continual learning, which is clearly demonstrated through its initiatives and policies. The findings in this review are critical in identifying those institutions of higher education which are role models in their strong commitment to achieving carbon neutrality. Such role model universities can pave the way for similar climate action at other universities.
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Smyth, V. A. "(A166) Disaster Risk Reduction - Extreme Heat Preparedness." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001646.
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BackgroundSouth Australia is often referred to as the driest state in the driest continent on earth and the community expects summers to be hot. However since 2007 South Australia has experienced several periods of extreme heat which have challenged and required the emergency services including health to consider a new preparedness approach. Any extreme weather condition can cause disruption to the community and the effects of such events as extreme heat are not always immediately obvious. However these effects can silently cause death and an increase to the health burden of the community.DiscussionIn South Australia the term ‘Extreme Heat’ as opposed to ‘Heatwave’ has been quite deliberately chosen as this describes more accurately an unusual climatic situation characterised by higher temperatures and greater length of time than normally expected. A number of studies have been undertaken to consider the impact on the health of the South Australian community and its health services and specfic action plans and communication strategies have been developed to respond to extreme heat and encourage an increasing level of community resilience. This paper will describe recent events, some of the research undertaken and the preparedness, planning and response strategies implemented to reduce and manage the risk.ConclusionThe response strategies introduced in South Australia have been recognised for their excellence and in 2010 SA Health was the recipient of several awards at both state and national level for this work.
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Mulley, Corinne, Liang Ma, Geoffrey Clifton, and Michael Tanner. "Are Network Planning Guidelines Based on Equal Access Equitable?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2651, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2651-01.
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Planning principles for public transport networks include simplicity, legibility, frequency, and spatial coverage. These principles are typically translated into a series of guidelines that set out the specific standards for network design within a jurisdiction. In practice, such guidelines usually concentrate on creating a bus network or on defining the role of buses within a multimodal network, as rail-based routes are regarded as fixed in location, and separate planning processes are typically used to design rail frequency and stopping patterns. The outcome of network planning gives rise to tradeoffs between the economic and institutional environments and is conditioned by historical legacy. Bus routes often continue because they have operated at that location. This paper offers a case study of Sydney, Australia, where network planning guidelines still place emphasis on equality of spatial coverage despite moving toward a more integrated approach to network planning. The paper asserts that guidelines focusing on equal spatial coverage may inadvertently promote inequity by not taking account of the difficulties (and therefore higher cost) of serving challenging topographical areas. The paper examines the equity impacts of implementing service planning guidelines on the basis of equal spatial coverage. Criteria relating to equity are established and then measured with the use of data on bus supply, journeys to work, and socioeconomics. The conclusions of the paper contribute to implementation of network planning, with many cities in Australia and elsewhere implementing similar guidelines to those in Sydney.
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KOTEY, BERNICE. "PLANNING, ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE AND OWNER/MANAGER PERSONAL VALUES." Journal of Enterprising Culture 03, no. 04 (December 1995): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495895000210.
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The research demonstrates that owner/managers who undertake planning are distinguishable from those who do not plan in terms of personal values and performance levels. Data was obtained from a mail survey of small business furniture manufacturers in New South Wales, Australia. The analysis was based on 224 responses, a response rate of 34%. A typology of owner/managers was constructed, based on personal value factors, using cluster analysis. Differences among personal value types with respect to planning and enterprise performance were examined by multivariate analyses of variance using deviation contrasts. The results suggest that, in general, owner/managers place little emphasis on planning. However, some owner/managers undertake more planning than others. Owner/managers who placed greater emphasis on planning were identified with entrepreneurial personal values and with higher performance levels than those with lesser emphasis on planning.
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PICKARD, JOHN. "Shepherding in Colonial Australia." Rural History 19, no. 1 (April 2008): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793307002300.
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AbstractShepherds were a critical component of the early wool industry in colonial Australia and persisted even after fencing was adopted and rapidly spread in the later nineteenth century. Initially shepherds were convicts, but after transportation ceased in the late 1840s, emancipists and free men were employed. Their duty was the same as in England: look after the flock during the day, and pen them nightly in folds made of hurdles. Analysis of wages and flock sizes indicates that pastoralists achieved good productivity gains with larger flocks but inflation of wages reduced the gains to modest levels. The gold rushes and labour shortages of the 1850s played a minor role in increasing both wages and flock sizes. Living conditions in huts were primitive, and the diet monotonous. Shepherds were exposed to a range of diseases, especially in Queensland. Flock-masters employed non-whites, usually at lower wages, and women and children. Fences only replaced shepherds when pastoralists realised that the new technology of fences, combined with other changes, would give them higher profits. The sheep were left to fend for themselves in the open paddocks, a system used to this day.
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Kuller, Martijn, David J. Reid, and Veljko Prodanovic. "Are we planning blue-green infrastructure opportunistically or strategically? Insights from Sydney, Australia." Blue-Green Systems 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2021.023.
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Abstract Strategic placement of water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) is essential in optimising its performance and maximising co-benefits. However, little is known about the current placement and interconnectedness between WSUD assets and the performance of current planning strategies. We evaluated the placement of existing WSUDs in a highly urbanised catchment in Sydney, Australia. We used a three-step process: (1) compiling a comprehensive spatial asset database, (2) performing spatial correlation analysis between asset locations and biophysical, urban form and socioeconomic variables and (3) using a novel approach to facilitate holistic understanding through analysing asset locations compared with the outcome of the spatial suitability analysis tool (SSANTO). WSUD coverage was generally low, with clustering in some municipalities. Placement was constrained by physical variables, such as slope, limited space and varying land uses. However, placement was not detectably influenced by most socioeconomic variables. SSANTO's suitability score at asset locations was only slightly higher than average, suggesting that the placement of existing WSUD was opportunistic, rather than strategically planned. Further development and implementation of tools able to account for spatial constraints will help guide future WSUD placement as a component of green urban stormwater management.
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Gudes, O., S. Glackin, and C. Pettit. "DESIGNING PRECINCTS IN THE DENSIFYING CITY – THE ROLE OF PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEMS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W11 (September 20, 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w11-3-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Australia’s cities face significant social, economic and environmental challenges, driven by population growth and rapid urbanisation. The pressure to increase housing availability will lead to greater levels of high-density and medium-density stock. However, there is enormous political and community pushback against this. One way to address this challenge is to encourage medium-density living solutions through “precinct” scale development. Precinct-scale development has the potential to include additional hard and soft infrastructure that may offset the perceived negativities of higher densities. As part of Australian research into precinct-scale development, and as part of our broader Smart Cities approach, or more specifically City Analytics approach, new digital planning tools &ndash; Envision and ESP &ndash; have been developed to support scenario planning and design needs. They utilise a data-driven and scenario planning approach underpinned by Geographic Information System (GIS) functionality.</p><p>We focus on a case study in the City of Blacktown, Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. By 2036 Blacktown is forecast to grow to approximately 500,000 people (an increase of over 30<span class="thinspace"></span>%) and 180,000 dwellings. Most new dwellings will be delivered through urban infill. The Blacktown master plan promotes higher density housing, mixed employment uses and continued improvements to the public domain. Our study provides a unique opportunity to implement this broad strategy within a specific case and location. Specifically, this paper provides information on how these digital planning tools supported Blacktown planners in identifying, co-designing and implementing a new approach for precinct level planning. It also presents the results of an evaluation of digital-planning tools in the context of the Blacktown case study.</p>
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Bingham, Amie L., Cameryn C. Garrett, Anne M. Kavanagh, Louise A. Keogh, Rebecca J. Bentley, and Jane S. Hocking. "Prescription rates of the contraceptive implant in Australia 2008–2012: impact of patient age and area of residence." Sexual Health 13, no. 1 (2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh15141.
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Background Long-acting reversible contraceptives are an effective means of preventing unwanted pregnancies and associated negative consequences. The Sexual Health and Family Planning Association of Australia has called for efforts to address barriers to the uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) in Australia, where LARC uptake is thought to be low, though comprehensive data describing use and associated factors is scarce. The aims of this study were to describe patterns of prescriptions for the etonogestrel-releasing subdermal implant (SDI) in Australia, 2008–2012, and associated factors. Methods: Records of prescriptions written through Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme from 2008 to 2012 were obtained, including patient age and geographic location. Direct, age-standardised rates (ASR) of prescriptions were calculated for each year and location, with multivariate analysis used to examine associations between prescription rates and patient age, location and proximity to family planning clinics (FPC) or Aboriginal Medical Services (AMS). Results: ASR of prescriptions rose ~6% per year (OR 1.06, 95%CI: 1.05–1.06) from 13.05 per 1000 (2008) to 15.76 per 1000 (2012; P < 0.01). Rates were highest among 15- to 19-year-olds, increasing from 20.81 (2008) to 29.09 per 1000 (2012: P < 0.01) and lowest among 45- to 49-year-olds, increasing from 3.37 to 3.73 per 1000 (P < 0.01). ASR by location were significantly higher in regional than metropolitan areas. Conclusions:This is the first analysis of SDI prescriptions across all ages and regions of Australia. Uptake of SDI in Australia is increasing but remains low. Significant associations were found between prescription rates and patient age and residence in regional/remote areas.
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Forino, Giuseppe, Jason Von Meding, and Graham John Brewer. "Challenges and opportunities for Australian local governments in governing climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction integration." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 9, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 258–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-05-2017-0038.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore challenges and opportunities for Australian local governments (LGs) in governance of climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) integration. Design/methodology/approach The paper identifies three Australian LGs which are subjected to potential climate change-related hazards. Semi-structured interviews with staff officers of the selected LGs and supporting organizations have been conducted to collect and analyze primary data. Findings The findings reveal that emerging challenges in governance of CCA and DRR integration include the political sensitiveness of climate change, uncertainty and standstill because of the vagueness by higher government levels, competing interests between LGs’ departments and communication breakdowns because of scepticism and the use of jargon. Meanwhile, the findings reveal that emerging opportunities include the promotion of participation mechanisms in planning, the creation of partnerships with local stakeholders and the use of coordination organizations and platforms. Exploring these challenges and opportunities represents a key step to strengthen governance mechanisms at a local level. Research limitations/implications The paper is based on a limited number (3) of Australian case studies with a limited number (15) of interviews. Further insights could be gained by analyzing more Australian LGs, involving a higher number of participants, and by using complementary research methods and data (survey and questionnaires) about experiences of other local stakeholders. Originality/value The paper is one of the few exploring challenges and opportunities of Australian LGs in governance of CCA and DRR integration in Australia and discusses them in terms of the potential to strengthen governance mechanisms within Australian LGs.
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Kerr, Rhonda, and Delia V. Hendrie. "Is capital investment in Australian hospitals effectively funding patient access to efficient public hospital care?" Australian Health Review 42, no. 5 (2018): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17231.
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Objective This study asks ‘Is capital investment in Australian public hospitals effectively funding patient access to efficient hospital care?’ Methods The study drew information from semistructured interviews with senior health infrastructure officials, literature reviews and World Health Organization (WHO) reports. To identify which systems most effectively fund patient access to efficient hospitals, capital allocation systems for 17 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries were assessed. Results Australian government objectives (equitable access to clinically appropriate, efficient, sustainable, innovative, patient-based) for acute health services are not directly addressed within Australian capital allocation systems for hospitals. Instead, Australia retains a prioritised hospital investment system for institutionally based asset replacement and capital planning, aligned with budgetary and political priorities. Australian systems of capital allocation for public hospitals were found not to match health system objectives for allocative, productive and dynamic efficiency. Australia scored below average in funding patient access to efficient hospitals. The OECD countries most effectively funding patient access to efficient hospital care have transitioned to diagnosis-related group (DRG) aligned capital funding. Measures of effective capital allocation for hospitals, patient access and efficiency found mixed government–private–public partnerships performed poorly with inferior access to capital than DRG-aligned systems, with the worst performing systems based on private finance. Conclusion Australian capital allocation systems for hospitals do not meet Australian government standards for the health system. Transition to a diagnosis-based system of capital allocation would align capital allocation with government standards and has been found to improve patient access to efficient hospital care. What is known about the topic? Very little is known about the effectiveness of Australian capital allocation for public hospitals. In Australia, capital is rarely discussed in the context of efficiency, although poor built capital and inappropriate technologies are acknowledged as limitations to improving efficiency. Capital allocated for public hospitals by state and territory is no longer reported by Australian Institute of Health and Welfare due to problems with data reliability. International comparative reviews of capital funding for hospitals have not included Australia. Most comparative efficiency reviews for health avoid considering capital allocation. The national review of hospitals found capital allocation information makes it difficult to determine ’if we have it right’ in terms of investment for health services. Problems with capital allocation systems for public hospitals have been identified within state-based reviews of health service delivery. The Productivity Commission was unable to identify the cost of capital used in treating patients in Australian public hospitals. Instead, building and equipment depreciation plus the user cost of capital (or the cost of using the money invested in the asset) are used to estimate the cost of capital required for patient care, despite concerns about accuracy and comparability. What does this paper add? This is the first study to review capital allocation systems for Australian public hospitals, to evaluate those systems against the contemporary objectives of the health systems and to assess whether prevailing Australian allocation systems deliver funds to facilitate patient access to efficient hospital care. This is the first study to evaluate Australian hospital capital allocation and efficiency. It compares the objectives of the Australian public hospitals system (for universal access to patient-centred, efficient and effective health care) against a range of capital funding mechanisms used in comparable health systems. It is also the first comparative review of international capital funding systems to include Australia. What are the implications for practitioners? Clinical quality and operational efficiency in hospitals require access for all patients to technologically appropriate hospitals. Funding for appropriate public hospital facilities, medical equipment and information and communications technology is not connected to activity-based funding in Australia. This study examines how capital can most effectively be allocated to provide patient access to efficient hospital care for Australian public hospitals. Capital investment for hospitals that is patient based, rather than institutionally focused, aligns with higher efficiency.
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Jiang, Zhigang, Siva Chandrasekaran, Gang Zhao, Jing Liu, and Yanan Wang. "Teaching towards Design-Based Learning in Manufacturing Technology Course: Sino–Australia Joint Undergraduate Program." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 25, 2020): 3522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093522.
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The internationalized higher education in Engineering has made the sustainable future of Chinese regional universities prosper in the recent decade. The teaching practices of engineering courses pose many challenges in Sino–foreign joint undergraduate programs. The design-based learning (DBL) approach addresses students learning challenges in the joint undergraduate program facilitated by the Wuhan University of Science and Technology (WUST) in central China along with Deakin University (DU), Australia. Following the seven general principles of DBL, a project of process planning was performed for teaching and learning in the Manufacturing Technology course. An implicit meta-cognitive competence was developed through performing the engineering project tutoring, diverse learning tasks and normative assessment criteria. The DBL pedagogy succeeds in bridging the diverse knowledge systems in the specialized courses of Manufacturing Technology between Chinese and Australian programs in Mechanical Engineering. Many achievements and awards won by the students demonstrate a satisfactory result in the case study on the teaching practice towards DBL. The pedagogy towards DBL truly improves the teaching quality of the courses in joint programs and further strengthens the internationalized engineering education for the sustainable development of regional universities in China.
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Buchanan, Michael T. "Teacher education: What Australian Christian schools need and what higher education delivers." International Journal of Christianity & Education 24, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056997119892642.
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The intersection between schools and the higher education institutions that prepare graduates for teaching in schools is driven by secular agendas. These agendas showcase knowledge transfer as a key indicator of effective learning and teaching. However, the preparation of graduate teachers for service in Christian schooling systems cannot be limited to an exclusive focus that places emphasis on knowledge transfer as a means to an end. Employers of teachers for Christian educational contexts, including Catholic education, desire teachers who are competent in their discipline area(s) and are able to draw confidently upon their Christian beliefs and values in a way that informs their professional work as educators. This article proposes that the intersection between higher education and schools needs to be navigated more effectively in the preparation of teachers for Christian schooling systems who are responsible for approximately one-third of the student population in Australia. The role of the teacher in Christian educational contexts is explored, drawing on practical theological insights into the teacher as Christian witness. Secular perspectives on effective teaching and learning in higher education teacher training courses are considered in the light of teacher preparation for Christian schooling systems. Approaches to teaching and providing opportunities for students to belong to a community in learning, as well as planning time for students to critically reflect on learning, are proposed as possible examples of how to help prepare teachers for service in Christian schooling systems.
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O'Brien, Joanna S., John J. Todd, and Lorne K. Kriwoken. "Incineration of waste at Casey Station, Australian Antarctic Territory." Polar Record 40, no. 3 (July 2004): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740400347x.
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The Australian Antarctic Division manages four permanent stations in the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic. At each station a municipal waste incinerator is used to dispose of putrescible waste, wood, paper, cardboard, and plastics. Incineration significantly reduces the volume of waste but this combustion also emits toxic compounds. This study examined the waste incineration stream at Casey Station, Australian Antarctic Territory. The waste stream was sorted, burnt, and the incinerator emissions monitored. Twelve chemical compounds in gaseous emissions and heavy metals in the ash were measured. Results indicate that emissions of carbon monoxide are higher than one might expect from a small incinerator, and hydrocarbon emissions from the incinerator exceed combined hydrocarbon emissions from other sources on station. Arsenic and copper concentrations in ash, which is returned to Australia for disposal, exceed limits for hazardous waste disposal and so treatment would be required. Recommendations are provided on controlling source material in order to reduce or eliminate toxic emissions and undertaking incinerator maintenance to optimise combustion.
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PICKARD, JOHN. "The Transition from Shepherding to Fencing in Colonial Australia." Rural History 18, no. 2 (October 2007): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793307002129.
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AbstractThe transition from shepherding to fencing in colonial Australia was a technological revolution replacing labour with capital. Fencing could not be widespread in Australia until an historical conjunction of technological, social and economic changes: open camping of sheep (from about 1810), effective poisoning of dingoes with strychnine (from the mid-1840s), introduction of iron wire (1840s), better land tenure (from 1847), progressive reduction of Aboriginal populations, huge demand for meat (from 1851) and high wages (from 1851). Labour shortages in the gold-rushes of the early 1850s were the final trigger, but all the other changes were essential precursors. Available data are used to test the alleged benefits of fencing: a higher wool cut per head; an increased carrying capacity; savings in wages and the running costs of stations; less disease in flocks; larger sheep; higher lambing percentages, and use of land unsuitable for shepherding. Many of the benefits were real, but some cannot be verified. By the mid-1880s, over ninety-five per cent of sheep in New South Wales were in paddocks, wire fences were spreading rapidly, and the cost of fences was falling. However, shepherding persisted in remote northern areas of Australia until well into the twentieth century.
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Harris, Melissa L., Nicholas Egan, Peta M. Forder, and Deborah Loxton. "Increased chronic disease prevalence among the younger generation: Findings from a population-based data linkage study to inform chronic disease ascertainment among reproductive-aged Australian women." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): e0254668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254668.
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Background Chronic disease represents an ongoing public health challenge in Australia with women disproportionately affected and at younger ages compared to men. Accurate prevalence and ascertainment of chronic disease among women of reproductive age at the population level is essential for meeting the family planning and reproductive health challenges that chronic diseases pose. This study estimated the prevalence of chronic disease among younger Australian women of reproductive age, in order to ascertain key conditions that would benefit from targeted family planning support strategies. Methods and findings Population-level survey data from the 1973–78 and 1989–95 cohorts of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health were linked to health service use, pharmaceutical, cancer and cause of death data to ascertain the prevalence and chronic disease trends for ten chronic health conditions associated with poor maternal and foetal outcomes. Individual chronic disease algorithms were developed for each chronic disease of interest using the available linked datasets. Lifetime prevalence of chronic disease varied substantially based on each individual data source for each of the conditions of interest. When all data sources were considered, all conditions with the exception of mental health conditions were higher among women in the 1973–78 cohort. However, when focused on point prevalence at similar ages (approximately 25–30 years), the chronic disease trend for women in the 1989–95 cohort was substantially higher, particularly for mental health conditions (70.4% vs 23.6%), diabetes (4.5% vs 1.3%) and multimorbidity (17.9% vs 9.1%). Conclusions Given the low concordance between individual data sources, the use of multiple data sources are recommended for chronic disease research focused on women of reproductive age. In order to reduce the increasing chronic disease and multimorbidity trend among women, strategic chronic disease interventions are required to be implemented in childhood and adolescence to ensure the long-term health of not only current but also future generations.
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Ross, Tara T., Mohammad A. Alim, and Ataur Rahman. "Community-Scale Rural Drinking Water Supply Systems Based on Harvested Rainwater: A Case Study of Australia and Vietnam." Water 14, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14111763.
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Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems can be used to produce drinking water in rural communities, particularly in developing countries that lack a clean drinking water supply. Most previous research has focused on the application of RWH systems for individual urban households. This paper develops a yield-after-spillage water balance model (WBM) which can calculate the reliability, annual drinking water production (ADWP) and benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of a community-scale RWH system for rural drinking water supply. We consider multiple scenarios regarding community aspects, including 150–1000 users, 70–4800 kL rainwater storage, 20–50 L/capita/day (LCD) drinking water usage levels, local rainfall regimes and economic parameters of Australia (developed country) and Vietnam (developing country). The WBM analysis shows a strong correlation between water demand and water supply with 90% system reliability, which allows both Australian and Vietnamese systems to achieve the similar capability of ADWP and economic values of the produced drinking water. However, the cost of the Vietnamese system is higher due to the requirement of larger rainwater storage due to larger household size and lower rainfall in the dry season, which reduces the BCR compared to the Australian systems. It is found that the RWH systems can be feasibly implemented at the water price of 0.01 AUD/L for all the Vietnamese scenarios and for some Australian scenarios with drinking water demand over 6 kL/day.
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Rydlewski, James, Zohreh Rajabi, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq, Nitin Muttil, Paras Sidiqui, Ashfaq Ahmad Shah, Nasir Abbas Khan, et al. "Identification of Embodied Environmental Attributes of Construction in Metropolitan and Growth Region of Melbourne, Australia to Support Urban Planning." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 8, 2022): 8401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148401.
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As growth regions evolve to accommodate the increasing population, they need to develop a wider variety of residential properties to accommodate the varying needs of the residents. As a result, the new accommodation is denser which involves higher embodied water carbon and energy. This research compares the construction differences in metropolitan and growth regions of Melbourne to identify embodied carbon, water, and energy. Representative areas of 25 km2 are selected from both regions. The growth region has 80% of the built area comprised of 2nd generation low-rise residential buildings whereas the prolific construction type in the Metropolitan region is mixed purpose industrial with 30% of the built area comprising of this type. The methodology implies open-source satellite imagery to build a spatial dataset in QGIS. The visual identification of the constructions in the study areas enables to identity the materials used in their construction. The total embodied carbon, water, and energy for the Metropolitan region are 32,895 tonnes, 4192 mL, and 3,694,412 GJ, respectively, whereas in the growth region, the totals are 179,376 tonnes carbon, 2533 mL water, and 2,243,571 GJ. Whilst Metropolitan has a significantly higher overall footprint when this is compared to the population of each region, it is shown that the growth region with its current construction type has a higher embodied carbon, water, and energy per head. The total per head for Metropolitan is 226.7 GJ energy, 257 kL water, and 20 tonnes carbon, whereas in the growth region, the embodied energy, water, and carbon, respectively, per head is 287.4 GJ, 324.6 kL, and 22 tonnes. The current performance per head of the growth region is considerably lower than that of Metropolitan. Using diverse residential construction types and efficient materials can serve the demanding needs of denser populated areas.
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Doran-Browne, Natalie A., John Ive, Phillip Graham, and Richard J. Eckard. "Carbon-neutral wool farming in south-eastern Australia." Animal Production Science 56, no. 3 (2016): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15541.
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Ruminant livestock production generates higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) compared with other types of farming. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce or offset those emissions where possible. Although mitigation options exist that reduce ruminant GHGE through the use of feed management, flock structure or breeding management, these options only reduce the existing emissions by up to 30% whereas planting trees and subsequent carbon sequestration in trees and soil has the potential for livestock emissions to be offset in their entirety. Trees can introduce additional co-benefits that may increase production such as reduced salinity and therefore increased pasture production, shelter for animals or reduced erosion. Trees will also use more water and compete with pastures for water and light. Therefore, careful planning is required to locate trees where the co-benefits can be maximised instead of any negative trade-offs. This study analysed the carbon balance of a wool case study farm, Talaheni, in south-eastern Australia to determine if the farm was carbon neutral. The Australian National Greenhouse Gas Inventory was used to calculate GHGE and carbon stocks, with national emissions factors used where available, and otherwise figures from the IPCC methodology being used. Sources of GHGE were from livestock, energy and fuel, and carbon stocks were present in the trees and soil. The results showed that from when the farm was purchased in 1980–2012 the farm had sequestered 11 times more carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) in trees and soil than was produced by livestock and energy. Between 1980 and 2012 a total of 31 100 t CO2e were sequestered with 19 300 and 11 800 t CO2e in trees and soil, respectively, whereas farm emissions totalled 2800 t CO2e. There was a sufficient increase in soil carbon stocks alone to offset all GHGE at the study site. This study demonstrated that there are substantial gains to be made in soil carbon stocks where initial soils are eroded and degraded and there is the opportunity to increase soil carbon either through planting trees or introducing perennial pastures to store more carbon under pastures. Further research would be beneficial on the carbon-neutral potential of farms in more fertile, high-rainfall areas. These areas typically have higher stocking rates than the present study and would require higher levels of carbon stocks for the farm to be carbon neutral.
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Khoshbakht, Maryam, Zhonghua Gou, Xiaohuan Xie, Baojie He, and Amos Darko. "Green Building Occupant Satisfaction: Evidence from the Australian Higher Education Sector." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): 2890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082890.
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Universities spend billions of dollars on green buildings as a sustainability commitment. This research investigates occupant satisfaction with indoor environmental quality (IEQ), building design (BD), and facilities management (FM) in five highly ranked green higher educational buildings in the subtropical climate of Australia, in comparison to nine non-green counterparts. The results disclose that the green building users were more consistently satisfied than the non-green building users with BD&FM elements, such as design, needs from facilities, building image, cleaning, the availability of meeting rooms, and storage. On the other hand, the study revealed weaknesses of green buildings in IEQ, such as noise, ventilation, and artificial lighting. The individual environmental control positively correlated with satisfaction in non-green buildings, but did not significantly affect satisfaction in green buildings. This study also identified the influences of non-environmental factors on occupant satisfaction, such as gender, age, sitting close to a window, hours spent in the building and in the workstation, and the number of people sharing office space. The research provides evidence and guidance for investing in, designing, and managing green educational facilities.
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Watson, Phil J. "Determining Extreme Still Water Levels for Design and Planning Purposes Incorporating Sea Level Rise: Sydney, Australia." Atmosphere 13, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010095.
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This paper provides an Extreme Value Analysis (EVA) of the hourly water level record at Fort Denison dating back to 1915 to understand the statistical likelihood of the combination of high predicted tides and the more dynamic influences that can drive ocean water levels higher at the coast. The analysis is based on the Peaks-Over-Threshold (POT) method using a fitted Generalised Pareto Distribution (GPD) function to estimate extreme hourly heights above mean sea level. The analysis highlights the impact of the 1974 East Coast Low event and rarity of the associated measured water level above mean sea level at Sydney, with an estimated return period exceeding 1000 years. Extreme hourly predictions are integrated with future projections of sea level rise to provide estimates of relevant still water levels at 2050, 2070 and 2100 for a range of return periods (1 to 1000 years) for use in coastal zone management, design, and sea level rise adaptation planning along the NSW coastline. The analytical procedures described provide a step-by-step guide for practitioners on how to develop similar baseline information from any long tide gauge record and the associated limitations and key sensitivities that must be understood and appreciated in applying EVA.
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Troy, Laurence. "The politics of urban renewal in Sydney’s residential apartment market." Urban Studies 55, no. 6 (March 15, 2017): 1329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017695459.
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Australia has long had a deeply speculative housing property market. Arguably this has been accentuated in recent years as successive governments have privileged private-sector investment in housing property as the key mechanism for delivering housing and a concurrent winding back of direct government support for housing. This has occurred through a period in which urban renewal and flexible planning regulation have become the key focus of urban planning policy to deliver on compact city ambitions in the name of sustainability. There has been a tendency to read many of the higher density housing outcomes as a relatively homogenous component of the housing market. There has been a comparative lack of critical engagement with differentiated spatial, physical and socio-economic outcomes within the higher density housing market. This paper will explore the interactions between flexible design-based planning policies, the local property market and physical outcomes. Different parts of the property development industry produced distinctive social and physical outcomes within the same regulatory space. Each response was infused with similar politics of exclusion and privilege in which capacity to pay regulated both access and standard of housing accessible, opening new socio-economic divisions within Australia’s housing landscape.
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Zalnezhad, Amir, Ataur Rahman, Nastaran Nasiri, Mehdi Vafakhah, Bijan Samali, and Farhad Ahamed. "Comparing Performance of ANN and SVM Methods for Regional Flood Frequency Analysis in South-East Australia." Water 14, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14203323.
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Design flood estimations at ungauged catchments are a challenging task in hydrology. Regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) is widely used for this purpose. This paper develops artificial intelligence (AI)-based RFFA models (artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM)) using data from 181 gauged catchments in South-East Australia. Based on an independent testing, it is found that the ANN method outperforms the SVM (the relative error values for the ANN model range 33–54% as compared to 37–64% for the SVM). The ANN and SVM models generate more accurate flood quantiles for smaller return periods; however, for higher return periods, both the methods present a higher estimation error. The results of this study will help to recommend new AI-based RFFA methods in Australia.
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Robins, Julie B., Ian A. Halliday, Jonathan Staunton-Smith, David G. Mayer, and Michelle J. Sellin. "Freshwater-flow requirements of estuarine fisheries in tropical Australia: a review of the state of knowledge and application of a suggested approach." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04087.
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The freshwater-flow requirements of estuarine fisheries in tropical areas are reviewed, with reference to species important to fisheries in northern Australia. Fisheries production, in terms of catch, is often elevated during, or as a consequence of, years with higher river flow, but the causality of these relationships often remains unproven. Scientific information on the freshwater-flow requirements important to fisheries production is increasingly being sought during the planning, allocation and management of water resources within Australia and in other countries around the world. Frequently, such advice is based on the analysis of catch and freshwater flow (or rainfall), or on life-history information. Clarifying fisheries-specific goals of water management would assist in prioritising research into the freshwater-flow requirements of estuarine fisheries. A framework that integrates life-history information and correlative analyses is suggested to assist in understanding the freshwater-flow requirements of estuarine fisheries. The framework is also useful in identifying knowledge gaps and pertinent research questions. The approach is illustrated through its application to identifying key freshwater-flow events likely to be important for fisheries production in a dry tropical estuary in Queensland, Australia.
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Ghani, Nazifa Abd, Poh-Chuin Teo, Theresa C. F. Ho, Ling Suan Choo, Beni Widarman Yus Kelana, Sabrinah Adam, and Mohd Khairuddin Ramliy. "Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends on Higher Education Internationalization Using Scopus Database: Towards Sustainability of Higher Education Institutions." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 8810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148810.
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Sustainability in education has continued to evolve, which in turn creates a research niche that is able to provide greater opportunities for interaction between Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and their surroundings. Internationalization of higher education is one of the new forms of engagements in higher education for ensuring sustainability. This study seeks to understand the research in higher education internationalization on publication outcomes, co-authorships between authors and similar countries, and co-occurrences of author keywords. This can provide valuable opportunities in expanding collaborative networks to impart global perspectives into teaching, learning, and research development. For this purpose, a bibliometric analysis was carried out to identify a total of 1412 journal articles from between 1974 to 2020 using information taken from the Scopus database. The research wraps up similarities on the growth of research, with the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, China and Canada emerging as among the countries that publish the most. There is a growing popularity of the term ‘higher education internationalization’ as part of the global new trends of cross-cultural study in transnational education. Finally, this study calls for future research programs with a concern in developing the intercultural communication of graduate students for global competence skills towards sustainability of HEIs.
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Kulendran, N. "Modelling Quarterly Tourist Flows to Australia Using Cointegration Analysis." Tourism Economics 2, no. 3 (September 1996): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669600200301.
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The purpose of this paper is to use cointegration analysis to estimate the long-run relationship between quarterly tourist flows to Australia from the USA, Japan, to UK and New Zealand and the factors such as income, price and airfare that influence arrivals. To this end, the demand function approach to tourism flow modelling is employed. The new econometric modelling approach of cointegration analysis adopted in this paper has not been used in previous studies of tourism demand modelling. This method is capable of overcoming the problem of ‘spurious regression’ associated with traditional econometric modelling approach for estimating the tourism demand function. For the countries of origin, the estimated long-run income elasticity is greater than one, and considerably higher for Japan. UK tourists are more responsive to changes in airfares than to changes in income. The estimated long-run elasticity with respect to the relative price variable for the UK and Japan is close to unity, and for the USA and New Zealand it is greater than one.
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Mavoa, Suzanne, Melanie Davern, Martin Breed, and Amy Hahs. "Higher levels of greenness and biodiversity associate with greater subjective wellbeing in adults living in Melbourne, Australia." Health & Place 57 (May 2019): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.05.006.
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Mekala, Shailaja, Suvarna Alladi, Kammammettu Chandrasekar, Safiya Fathima, Claire M.O.'Connor, Colleen McKinnon, Michael Hornberger, Olivier Piguet, John R. Hodges, and Eneida Mioshi. "Cultural differences are reflected in variables associated with carer burden in FTD: A comparison study between India and Australia." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 7, no. 1 (March 2013): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642013dn70100016.
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ABSTRACT There is great need to understand variables behind carer burden, especially in FTD. Carer burden is a complex construct, and its factors are likely to vary depending on the type of dementia, carer characteristics and cultural background. Objective: The present study aimed to compare profiles and severity of carer burden, depression, anxiety and stress in carers of FTD patients in India in comparison to Australia; to investigate which carer variables are associated with carer burden in each country. Methods: Data of 138 participants (69 dyads of carers-patients) from India and Australia (India, n=31; Australia, n=38). Carer burden was assessed with the short Zarit Burden Inventory; carer depression, anxiety and stress were measured with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress-21. Dementia severity was determined with the Frontotemporal Dementia Rating Scale (FTD-FRS), and a range of demographic variables regarding the carer and patient were also obtained. Results: Overall, levels of carer burden were not significantly different across India and Australia, despite more hours delivering care and higher dementia severity in India. Variables associated with burden, however, differed between countries, with carer depression, anxiety and stress strongly associated with burden in India. By contrast, depression, stress, and dementia severity were associated with burden in Australia. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that variables associated with carer burden in FTD differ between cultures. Consequently, cultural considerations should be taken into account when planning for interventions to reduce burden. This study suggests that addressing carers' skills and coping mechanisms are likely to result in more efficacious outcomes than targeting patient symptoms alone.
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Muchow, RC, and PS Carberry. "A simulation model of kenaf for assisting fibre industry planning in northern Australia. V. Impact of different crop traits." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 4 (1993): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9930731.
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The production potential of rainfed kenaf in the Northern Territory (NT) (latitude 12-15�S.) has been assessed using a growth simulation model for the cultivar Guatemala 4. However, this raises the important question of how well-suited is this cultivar, and what are the likely yield gains which might be obtained by breeding or selecting a different cultivar. Answering these questions with conventional experimentation would be expensive, given the variable yield response among seasons associated with rainfall variability in the NT. Accordingly, the kenaf growth simulation model NTKENAF was used in conjunction with long-term climatic data for two sites in the NT to assess the value of different plant traits relative to Guatemala 4, that are potential selection criteria in plant breeding. Extending the duration from sowing to flowering resulted in relatively small gains in stem yield over Guatemala 4, but substantial yield losses were predicted by using an earlier flowering cultivar. Increasing the efficiency of water use (higher transpiration efficiency) greatly increased yield, and was the most risk-efficient crop improvement strategy. Unfortunately, the prospects for improving transpiration efficiency of kenaf by plant breeding remain uncertain. Increasing the amount of water available for crop growth by greater extent of soil water extraction had little effect on yield in this water-limited environment. Changing the yield potential of kenaf by altering the photosynthetic capacity (higher radiation use efficiency) was risk-efficient in some situations, but the mean yield change was relatively small. It is concluded from the simulation analysis, that the standard cultivar Guatemala 4 is well-suited to the NT environment.