Academic literature on the topic 'High wealth individuals'
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Journal articles on the topic "High wealth individuals"
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Martin, Nigel, and John Rice. "Spearing High Net Wealth Individuals." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 7, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jisp.2013010101.
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Every day dangerous criminals are targeting high net wealth members of our community as they venture onto the internet. Statements from twenty-nine community organizations and mature age internet users were analyzed using structured coding techniques in order to identify the major criminal risks and threats, and key protective safeguards. The study warns that mature users, particularly those with high net wealth, are critically vulnerable to internet fraud, and personal data and identification theft through spear phishing email and remote access trojan malicious software attacks. The major implication for countries with aging populations, and rising numbers of mature internet users, is the urgent need for ongoing development and resourcing of internet security skills and awareness programs; consumer protection laws and law enforcement assistance; affordable protective internet technologies and complementary support schemes; and the strengthening of online business codes and standards, particularly in dealings with older people.
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Gaubert, Cécile, and Eva Louvet. "Wealth, Power, Status." Social Psychology 52, no. 3 (May 2021): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000443.
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Abstract. The main purpose of the present research was to examine the moderating effect of system-justifying beliefs on the relationship between a target’s hierarchical position in an organizational context and perceived competence. Through three experiments we manipulated an employee’s hierarchical position in various ways and examined the effects on social judgment. Participants’ system-justifying beliefs were assessed in an ostensibly unrelated study. In Studies 1 and 2, as predicted, only participants high in system justification rated the high-position target as more competent than the low-position target. A very different pattern of results emerged when experimentally disentangling hierarchy based on status, and hierarchy based on power (Study 3). Individuals who are respected and admired by others (high-status individuals) were systematically valued on competence, whereas individuals who have asymmetric control over valued resources (high-power individuals) were derogated on competence by participants low in system justification. The present studies provide greater insight into how social judgment can function to maintain the existing social hierarchy, and offer novel empirical support to the widely accepted idea that status and power refer to theoretically different constructs.
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Henrekson, Magnus. "Taxation of Swedish Firm Owners: The Great Reversal from the 1970s to the 2010s." Nordic Tax Journal 2017, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntaxj-2017-0002.
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Abstract By the late 1960s, real effective taxation of income from individual firm ownership in Sweden approached 100 percent. A series of tax reforms has reversed this situation. This paper (1) elucidates the thinking behind the vision of creating a largely market-based system without wealthy capitalists and how that vision guided tax policy; (2) outlines and evaluates the changes in the tax code since the late 1970s, their empirical and intellectual basis, and their implications for the taxation of individual firm ownership; and (3) compares the size of the largest individual wealth holdings in the mid-1960s to their equivalents in the 2010s and discusses how the general public’s views have changed regarding sizeable income streams and wealth from business activity. Today, the tax code favors already wealthy individuals, while high labor income taxation combined with a high valuation of existing assets renders wealth accumulation difficult for persons with no initial wealth.
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Zhang (张丛丛), Congcong, and Chien-Chung Huang (黄建忠). "The Donation of the Extremely Wealthy in China." China Nonprofit Review 11, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 205–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341363.
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Abstract As trends in increasing private wealth around the world continue, understanding the charitable contributions of the extremely wealthy is important. Using the Forbes China Rich Lists and the Forbes China Charity Lists from 2013 to 2017, this study examines the social and economic factors present in the donations of the extremely wealthy whose net worth equals at least 649 million (all amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted) in China. The results indicate that net worth, social status, political connection, and source of wealth are important factors in these donations. Specifically, extremely wealthy individuals with high net worth, social status, and political connections are more likely to be and more frequently on the Charity Lists than extremely wealthy individuals without above characteristics, particularly those in the real estate industry. However, the real estate industry’s effect on the dollar amount of donations is not significant. In contrast, the extremely wealthy individuals in professional, scientific, and technical areas donated significantly more money than their counterparts in other areas.
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Aumeboonsuke, Vesarach. "Parents or peers, wealth or warmth? The impact of social support, wealth, and a positive outlook on self-efficacy and happiness." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 6 (June 12, 2017): 732–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2015-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between family wealth, positive outlook, and support from significant others, including parents and friends, on self-efficacy and happiness. Design/methodology/approach The impact of family wealth, social support, and positive outlook on self-efficacy and one’s own happiness is analyzed through the partial least squared method. Findings There are five essential points that can be drawn from the statistical results. First, parents’ support tends to be more important than friends’ support for individuals’ happiness. Second, individuals that receive more support from parents tend to develop a higher level of self-efficacy. Third, individuals that are in a less wealthy family tend to develop a higher level of self-efficacy. Fourth, parents’ support plays a more important role in developing a higher level of self-efficacy for individuals that are in a less wealthy family than for individuals that are in a wealthier family. Finally, the positive link between happiness and self-efficacy was stronger for individuals in a wealthier family than for individuals in a less wealthy family. Research limitations/implications In particular, although individuals in a wealthier family tend to exhibit a lower level of self-efficacy, and happiness alone had no significant impact on self-efficacy, happiness significantly promoted self-efficacy more for individuals in a wealthier family than for individuals in a less wealthy family. Social implications In conclusion, the results from this research provide essential recommendations for individuals regarding the approach to happiness and self-efficacy. The results indicated how significant the role of parents’ support is in one’s happiness and that support from parents is more important for one’s self-efficacy and happiness than support from friends. Furthermore, individuals should be aware that money is not the ultimate answer for happiness and self-efficacy. Individuals in less wealthy families were able to enjoy a higher level of self-efficacy given that they were receiving sufficient support from their parents. Originality/value This study found that although individuals in a wealthier family tend to exhibit a lower level of self-efficacy, and happiness alone has no significant impact on self-efficacy, happiness significantly promote self-efficacy more for individuals in a wealthier family than for individuals in a less wealthy family. However, in the less-wealthier family, parents play more significant role and can generate high level of self-efficacy for their children.
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Henrekson, Magnus, and Gunnar Du Rietz. "The Rise and Fall of Swedish Wealth Taxation." Nordic Tax Journal 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntaxj-2014-0002.
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Abstract We study the evolution of modern Swedish wealth taxation from its introduction in**1911 until it was abolished in 2007. The rules concerning valuation of assets, deductions/exemptions and tax schedules to characterize effective wealth tax schedules are described. These rules and schedules are used to calculate marginal and average wealth tax rates for three differently endowed owners of family firms and individual fortunes corresponding to a large, medium-sized and small firm. The overall trend in the direct wealth tax was rising until 1971 for owners of large and medium-sized firms and for individuals of equally-sized wealth consisting of non-corporate assets. Average direct wealth tax rates were low until 1934, except for 1913 when a progressive defense tax was levied. There were three major tax hikes: in 1934, when the wealth tax was more than doubled, in 1948 when tax rates were doubled again and in 1971 for owners of large firms and similarly sized non-corporate fortunes. Effective tax rates peaked in 1973 for owners of large firms and in 1983 for individuals with large non-corporate wealth. Reduction rules limited the wealth tax rates from 1934 for fortunes with high wealth/income ratios. The wealth tax on unlisted net business equity was abolished in 1991. Tax rates for wealthy individuals were decreased in 1991 and in 1992 and then remained at 0.5-1 percent through 2006, depending on whether the reduction rule was applicable. Tax rates for small-firm owners and small individual fortunes were substantially lower. Aggregate wealth tax revenues were rela-tively small; they never exceeded 0.4 percent of GDP in the postwar period and amounted to 0.16 percent of GDP in 2006.
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Ross, Cody T., Monique Borgerhoff Mulder, Seung-Yun Oh, Samuel Bowles, Bret Beheim, John Bunce, Mark Caudell, et al. "Greater wealth inequality, less polygyny: rethinking the polygyny threshold model." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 144 (July 2018): 20180035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0035.
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Monogamy appears to have become the predominant human mating system with the emergence of highly unequal agricultural populations that replaced relatively egalitarian horticultural populations, challenging the conventional idea—based on the polygyny threshold model—that polygyny should be positively associated with wealth inequality. To address this polygyny paradox, we generalize the standard polygyny threshold model to a mutual mate choice model predicting the fraction of women married polygynously. We then demonstrate two conditions that are jointly sufficient to make monogamy the predominant marriage form, even in highly unequal societies. We assess if these conditions are satisfied using individual-level data from 29 human populations. Our analysis shows that with the shift to stratified agricultural economies: (i) the population frequency of relatively poor individuals increased, increasing wealth inequality, but decreasing the frequency of individuals with sufficient wealth to secure polygynous marriage, and (ii) diminishing marginal fitness returns to additional wives prevent extremely wealthy men from obtaining as many wives as their relative wealth would otherwise predict. These conditions jointly lead to a high population-level frequency of monogamy.
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Epper, Thomas, Ernst Fehr, Helga Fehr-Duda, Claus Thustrup Kreiner, David Dreyer Lassen, Søren Leth-Petersen, and Gregers Nytoft Rasmussen. "Time Discounting and Wealth Inequality." American Economic Review 110, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1177–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181096.
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This paper documents a large association between individuals’ time discounting in incentivized experiments and their positions in the real-life wealth distribution derived from Danish high-quality administrative data for a large sample of middle-aged individuals. The association is stable over time, exists through the wealth distribution and remains large after controlling for education, income profile, school grades, initial wealth, parental wealth, credit constraints, demographics, risk preferences, and additional behavioral parameters. Our results suggest that savings behavior is a driver of the observed association between patience and wealth inequality as predicted by standard savings theory. (JEL C91, D15, D31, E21)
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Merhej, Ramona, Fernando P. Santos, Francisco S. Melo, and Francisco C. Santos. "Cooperation and Learning Dynamics under Wealth Inequality and Diversity in Individual Risk." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 74 (June 14, 2022): 733–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.13519.
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We examine how wealth inequality and diversity in the perception of risk of a collective disaster impact cooperation levels in the context of a public goods game with uncertain and non-linear returns. In this game, individuals face a collective-risk dilemma where they may contribute or not to a common pool to reduce their chances of future losses. We draw our conclusions based on social simulations with populations of independent reinforcement learners with diverse levels of risk and wealth. We find that both wealth inequality and diversity in risk assessment can hinder cooperation and augment collective losses. Additionally, wealth inequality further exacerbates long term inequality, causing rich agents to become richer and poor agents to become poorer. On the other hand, diversity in risk only amplifies inequality when combined with bias in group assortment—i.e., high probability that agents from the same risk class play together. Our results also suggest that taking wealth inequality into account can help to design effective policies aiming at leveraging cooperation in large group sizes, a configuration where collective action is harder to achieve. Finally, we characterize the circumstances under which risk perception alignment is crucial and those under which reducing wealth inequality constitutes a deciding factor for collective welfare.
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Chen, Yu-Chih, Sojung Park, and Nancy Morrow-Howell. "PATTERNS OF WEALTH TRAJECTORY IN LATER LIFE: CRITICAL PERIOD, ACCUMULATION, AND SOCIAL MOBILITY MODELS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1403.
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Abstract Wealth, an important financial cushion for older adults to buffer economic stress, requires a longer time to accumulate and develop in one’s course of life. However, little is known about the trajectories of wealth in later life, and how the life course socioeconomic status (SES) may contribute to the development of wealth at old-age. This study investigated longitudinal patterns of wealth trajectory and whether SES across the life course affects these trajectories using critical period, accumulation, and social mobility models. Using data from 16,189 adults aged 51 and older from the 2004-2014 Health and Retirement Study, a growth mixture model was used to explore distinct wealth trajectories. Impacts of life course models were studied using multinomial logistic regression. Results showed that four heterogeneous latent classes of wealth were identified: Stable high (reference group), Low and increasing, Stable low, and High but decline. Disadvantaged adulthood SES, accumulated exposure to socioeconomic risks, and downward or persistent socioeconomic disadvantage over the life course were associated with Stable low, Low and increasing, and High but decline, supporting all three life course mechanisms on wealth development in later life. Evidence suggests that wealth development is heterogeneous across individuals, and a strong gradient effect of life-course SES on wealth trajectories are clearly observed. Programs and policies should address the effects of life course on wealth development to strengthen the economic well-being in later life.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "High wealth individuals"
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BOSETTO, DANIELA. "Costruire il ruolo del PRIVATE BANKER: indagini e proposte operative." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1410.
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Obiettivo del presente lavoro è identificare le principali connotazioni specifiche della professione di private banker. In seguito ad una prima analisi della genesi del ruolo e dei fattori che ne hanno determinato l’evoluzione nel tempo, si sono indagati: quali mansioni e responsabilità ricopre e quali riporti gerarchici è chiamato a rispettare, quali caratteristiche comportamentali e attitudinali siano distintive del ruolo, quale il livello di competenze necessario al suo esercizio e quali i gap formativi ancora da colmare. Non da ultime, sono state rilevate le difficoltà quotidiane e le fonti di soddisfazione tipiche della professione, nonché gli strumenti motivazionali e di incentivazione utilizzati dalle realtà di private banking. L’indagine è stata condotta attraverso l’analisi congiunta di più progetti di ricerca quali-quantitativi, che hanno visto il coinvolgimento di private banker e opinion leader di settore. Emerge così una figura professionale ancora in divenire per effetto di cambiamenti strutturali del mercato, oggi guidati dal nuovo contesto normativo, dalla crisi finanziaria e dal processo di globalizzazione continua.The aim of this paper is to identify the main aspects of the private banking profession. Following a preliminary analysis of its origins and the factors that led to its evolution over recent years, this research investigates main tasks and duties of a private banker, his position in the organizational chart of the company, behavioural and attitudinal characteristics relevant to his role, required level of skills and expertise, as well as knowledge gaps still to be filled. A special focus has been put on his daily difficulties and typical sources of satisfaction, in addition to motivational tools and incentives used by private banking organizations. The survey has been conducted by means of a combined analysis of various qualitative and quantitative research projects, involving both private bankers and opinion leaders within the banking sector. The emerging scenario is an evolving professional role as a result of current structural changes in the business, constantly subjected to new regulations, recurring financial crisis and the continuous globalization process.
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Su, Shiang-Wei, and 蘇祥緯. "A Study of High net worth individuals Wealth Planning Strategies." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25sj5c.
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碩士東海大學
高階經營管理碩士在職專班
104
With the increasing scale of our wealth of high net worth individuals, as well as changes in laws and regulations of the external environment, while about personal wealth, often overlooked in the past few problems have surfaced. Wealth Management due to financial institutions often provide the information or piece goods, so that wealth management has become synonymous with another commodity sales. In this study, four interviews by high net worth individuals, sort out their needs, and high net worth population architecture strategy wealth planning, let high net worth individuals have a direction to follow to reach the goal of wealth and sustainable for future generations. Interviews four objects, or I have three children have dual nationality American identity, but also verifiable, high asset ethnic groups have very high proportion of dual nationality. Certain impact on wealth planning in 2014 to be implemented FETCA "Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act" (Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, hereinafter referred to as "FATCA") is bound to have people of this ethnic group
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Widihartanto, Sekti. "Regulating Indonesia's high wealth individual taxpayers: ideas for policy transfer." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/16961.
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A growing challenge for tax authorities worldwide is managing the tax compliance of high wealth individuals (HWIs). The OECD promotes comparative policy learning as an approach to addressing such shared problems. It also gives its imprimatur to ‘best practice’ for OECD countries wishing to strengthen their regulatory frameworks. Among OECD recommendations are for tax administrations to invest in specialised HWI initiatives. While such initiatives have gained popularity, this thesis presents evidence to suggest that the divergence of tax regulatory practices and policies can reduce the transferability of such policy lessons and practices.
Indonesia, despite its developing status and the relative immaturity of its tax administration, adopted a HWI initiative in 2009. This thesis investigates the process of this transfer and, in particular, its implementation in the Directorate General of Taxation (DGT). The policy transfer framework of Dolowitz and Marsh (1996; 2000) was used as the theoretical starting point for the thesis. The notions of ‘uninformed’, ‘incomplete’, and ‘insufficient’ transfer provided by the framework, however, are terms too broad for understanding processes that may lead to failure. A process approach, as advocated by Christensen (2013), Eccleston (2006), Radaelli (2000) and Sharman (2010) was needed that could take account of multiple, competing processes, some of which assisted the HWI office, others which undermined it. Braithwaite and Drahos’ (2000) concepts of actors, principles, mechanisms, and webs of influence were applied to disentangle the dynamics that occurred at the implementation stage of the transferred policy. Evidence of implementation processes and consequences was collected through an empirical case study of HWI taxation regulatory arrangements in Indonesia and Australia. Australia was the single most important advisor to DGT on establishing a HWI unit. In all, 54 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Indonesian and Australian tax officials and other relevant actors between September 2011 and April 2013. Archival material and public documents were also analysed.
Policy transfer occurred with a political imperative to ‘do something’ to modernise the tax administration. The policy was adopted voluntarily by Indonesia, with support sought and received from the international epistemic community. Within Indonesia and DGT, however, there was no opportunity for negotiating the time frame for the HWI initiative. There was little time for deep learning.
In the early stages, DGT invested in training and dialogue to build a shared commitment among staff and stakeholders around the functions of the HWI unit. After three months, the DGT’s direction on how it managed compliance of the HWI taxpayers changed dramatically. The old DGT ethos of meeting revenue targets was imposed on the HWI unit. During this second period of the HWI unit’s operations, webs of dialogue took second place to webs of control. Coercion undermined the process of building commitment to the new HWI unit. Blocked communication channels prevented cooperation. Resistance emerged – among stakeholders, to the idea of a HWI unit, and to a return to old tax collection practices by those who favoured reform. For the moment, the contest of principles for Indonesia’s tax system, and control of mechanisms to realise these principles, has led to a crushing of HWI tax reform.
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Vale, Rita Silva do. "Wealth management in Africa: the cape verde opportunity." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15354.
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This work project consists of a comprehensive study of the possibility of opening a Wealth Management (WM) firm located in Cape Verde (CV), and was made at the request of NovoBanco’s Research Sectorial team. WM is a growing industry that consists in the set of financial services provided to wealthy clients. After taking into account the expected industry growth of the Sub-Saharan region, the preferences of the African wealthy, the current industry structure, and the advantages and disadvantages of locating a WM business in CV, it is concluded that a business opportunity exists. The reasons for thus, along with relevant recommendations, including which services a new business should offer and whom to target specifically, are presented in the final section.UNL - NSBE
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Liao, Min-Li, and 廖敏利. "The study of Key Successful Factors and Service Gap in Cross-border Wealth Management - The Case of High-net-worth Individuals and Taiwanese Businessman." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tqf7h8.
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碩士國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
102
In response to the needs of cross-border wealth management business in the banking industry in Taiwan, literature review summarized the key successful factors of operations. Apply research methods, the first part through modified Delphi method compiled experts' opinions identify the key success factors of the criteria cross-border wealth management, and the second part by Importance - Satisfaction model (IS Model) analyze customer base in the practice of service gaps. The study found: cross-border wealth management operations key successful factors included the image of the product -oriented, the image of customer -oriented and company reputation, such as three dimensions of seventeen measure factors. Taiwan businessman and high net worth individuals (HNWI) through empirical analysis, we found for to be improve area (II / To be improve) of Taiwan businessman and situated in the top three for the improvement factor are "insurance and protection planning" and "loans"; HNWI were "investment by Renminbi in mainland China " and " tax and trust planning", the quality of the properties listed in this area is regarded as important, but the customer service has not yet reached the expected shortfall , the service providers must focus on these quality attributes, and immediately made improvements.
Books on the topic "High wealth individuals"
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Li-Huang, Rebecca. The Psychology of High Net Worth Individuals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269999.003.0010.
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This chapter takes an economic view of the investment behavior of high net worth individuals (HNWIs), including: the psychological aspects of private wealth and the practice of wealth management, the current trends affecting the players and markets, and empirical findings on wealth creation and distribution that have fueled policy debates. As the chapter shows, wealth concentrations and scarcity of skills have attributed to institutional advantages for HNWIs and the highly skilled, including higher returns on physical and human capital investments. Besides achieving financial returns, HNWIs want to use their private wealth to have a social impact. Wealth managers respond to the attitude and behavior of HNWIs by shifting the focus from investment products and transactions to holistic investing and goal-based wealth management.
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Flood, Brian G. Wealth Exposed: Insurance Planning for High Net Worth Individuals and Their Advisors. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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Wealth Exposed: Insurance Planning for High Net Worth Individuals and Their Advisors. Wiley, 2013.
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Flood, Brian G. Wealth Exposed: Insurance Planning for High Net Worth Individuals and Their Advisors. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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Flood, Brian G. Wealth Exposed: Insurance Planning for High Net Worth Individuals and Their Advisors. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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Flood, Brian G. Wealth Exposed: Insurance Planning for High Net Worth Individuals and Their Advisors. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2014.
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Stenner, Thane. True Wealth: An Expert Guide For High-Net-Worth Individuals (And Their Advisors). True Wealth Publishing Inc., 2002.
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Active Investing Wealth Management For High Net Worth Individuals Specifically Designed For High Net Worth Individuals With One Million Or More Of Investable Assets. Xlibris Corporation, 2010.
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Furchtgott-Roth, Diana, ed. United States Income, Wealth, Consumption, and Inequality. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518199.001.0001.
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Few topics are more certain to generate a lively debate among any group of individuals than the causes and consequences of income inequality. Economists are prone to similar, although more reasoned and empirically based, debates. This book is a curated collection of essays that explore a wide range of viewpoints about income inequality in the United States. Neither income nor income inequality is easily quantified and, consequently, economists have different views about what is the best measure. Economists also offer differing explanations for the sources of income inequality and its ultimate consequences, leading to opposing policy implications. Finally, focusing on the United States adds yet another layer of complexity. America has unusually high income and unusually high income inequality.
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Laughlin, Lucilla Mc, and John Buchanan. Revenue Administration: Implementing a High-Wealth Individual Compliance Program. International Monetary Fund, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "High wealth individuals"
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El Said, Mohammed. "The Impact of ‘TRIPS-Plus’ Rules on the Use of TRIPS Flexibilities: Dealing with the Implementation Challenges." In Access to Medicines and Vaccines, 297–327. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83114-1_11.
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AbstractImproving the health and well-being of society is a priority to many governments. One essential element within this debate focuses on the accessibility and affordability of medicines for patients. Although interest in this area has persisted for decades, the recent shift in this field is manifested by this now being treated as a global concern, rather than as a regional or a national one. Patients in both developed and developing countries alike are facing the same challenges and are under an increased pressure to access and afford treatment. The recently published UN High Level Panel for Access to Medicines Report explicitly stated its view of ‘access to medicines, vaccines, diagnostics and related health technologies as a serious, multidimensional global problem, with challenges that affect all people and all countries.…the High-Level Panel recognizes that the costs of health technologies are rising globally and are being felt by individuals and by public and private insurance schemes in both wealthy and resource-constrained countries alike’ (UN Secretary General High Level Panel, ‘The United Nations Secretary-General High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines Report: Promoting Innovation and Access to Health Technologies’, (September 2016), 12. https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s23068en/s23068en.pdf.). This thinking represents a fundamental departure from the previous approach which classified the problem related to access to medicines as one mainly attributed to developing and least developed nations. It is within this debate that the role of intellectual property protection in general and by way of the rise of TRIPS-Plus agreements and their impact on accessibility and affordability of medicines takes centre stage.
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Santos, Mariana. "Family Generations." In Global Wealth Chains, 201–19. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832379.003.0010.
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In this chapter, Mariana Santos shows how relational wealth chains are based on high-trust status-based relationships between clients and suppliers. Santos investigates transgenerational wealth management, a market where wealth managers carefully cultivate close relationships with ultra-high-net-worth individuals to maintain ties over generations. In this market 500 individuals will pass over $2.1 trillion to heirs over the next 20 years. Wealth managers engage in relational work to foster intimacy and trust between ultra-high-net-worth clients and professional suppliers located in private banking and the wealth-management industry. This includes influencing parents and children on emotional and financial commitments and investing time in financial education and elite networking events. Based on extensive fieldwork in Lisbon, London, Geneva, and Zurich, Santos analyzes the careful cultivation of the affective bonds that fortify relational wealth chains.
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"Through the Eyes of the Advisers: A Fresh Look at High Wealth Individuals." In Taxing Democracy, 251–76. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315241746-20.
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Daar, Judith. "The High Cost of Assisted Reproduction." In The New Eugenics. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300137156.003.0003.
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This chapter explores how cost as a barrier to ART access is more complex than just the high price of medical goods and services transacted in the pursuit of parenthood. Reportedly, assisted reproduction generates annual revenues of over $4 billion in the United States, much of it paid out-of-pocket by patients who are underinsured for this aspect of health care. At first blush, it is clear that the synergy between high-priced treatments and low levels of reimbursement produces a world of stratified reproduction in which wealth status determines entry into the procreative marketplace. A deeper analysis does not refute this impression, but also reveals that socioeconomics alone do not fully explain how ART funding works to suppress reproduction by certain “lower resource” individuals.
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Furchtgott-Roth, Diana. "Introduction and Summary." In United States Income, Wealth, Consumption, and Inequality, 1–9. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518199.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Few topics are more certain to generate a lively debate among any group of individuals than the causes and consequences of income inequality. Economists are prone to similar, although more reasoned and empirically based, debates. This book is a curated collection of essays that explores a wide range of viewpoints about income inequality in the United States. Neither income nor income inequality is easily measured, and, consequently, economists have different views about what is the best measure. Economists also offer differing explanations for the sources of income inequality and its ultimate consequences, leading to opposing policy implications. Finally, focusing on the United States adds yet another layer of complexity. Americans have unusually high incomes and unusually high income inequality.
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Bohle, Dorothee, and Aidan Regan. "Global Capital and National Growth Models." In Diminishing Returns, 323–48. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197607855.003.0013.
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Abstract This chapter contributes to growth model literature by examining the extent to which small states occupy different privileged positions in global wealth and value chains. In the globally interconnected world of big tech, banking and financial services, small states increasingly carve out particular niches. We demonstrate this on two distinct cases. First, we examine the role of Ireland in facilitating the global corporate tax avoidance strategies of US multinationals, which increases the wealth of individual shareholders in big tech and pharma companies. Second, we examine the role of Latvia in facilitating illicit banking practices and money laundering, which increases the wealth of high-net-worth individuals in the post-Soviet space. The chapter concludes by arguing that the growth model literature needs to move beyond methodological and ontological assumptions of the nation-state to understand the integrated and globalized nature of capital accumulation.
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Simpson, Dick. "Income and Racial Inequality." In Democracy's Rebirth, 21–42. University of Illinois Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252044304.003.0003.
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White men have ruled America since its founding. In recent years, leadership has diversified, with more women and minorities being elected. However, there is still a high level of income and racial inequality that hampers our democracy. Institutional racism is one source of the problem, but income inequality and the loss of the middle class undermine democracy as well. The income and wealth gap continues to grow. Wealthy individuals and corporations are able through campaign contributions and lobbying to buy political power. There must be an equality of opportunity and a limitation on the gap between rich and poor.
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Simpson, Dick. "Income and Racial Inequality." In Democracy's Rebirth, 21–42. University of Illinois Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252044304.003.0003.
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White men have ruled America since its founding. In recent years, leadership has diversified, with more women and minorities being elected. However, there is still a high level of income and racial inequality that hampers our democracy. Institutional racism is one source of the problem, but income inequality and the loss of the middle class undermine democracy as well. The income and wealth gap continues to grow. Wealthy individuals and corporations are able through campaign contributions and lobbying to buy political power. There must be an equality of opportunity and a limitation on the gap between rich and poor.
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Simpson, Dick. "Income and Racial Inequality." In Democracy's Rebirth, 21–42. University of Illinois Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252044304.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
White men have ruled America since its founding. In recent years, leadership has diversified, with more women and minorities being elected. However, there is still a high level of income and racial inequality that hampers our democracy. Institutional racism is one source of the problem, but income inequality and the loss of the middle class undermine democracy as well. The income and wealth gap continues to grow. Wealthy individuals and corporations are able through campaign contributions and lobbying to buy political power. There must be an equality of opportunity and a limitation on the gap between rich and poor.
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Simpson, Dick. "Income and Racial Inequality." In Democracy's Rebirth, 21–42. University of Illinois Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252044304.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
White men have ruled America since its founding. In recent years, leadership has diversified, with more women and minorities being elected. However, there is still a high level of income and racial inequality that hampers our democracy. Institutional racism is one source of the problem, but income inequality and the loss of the middle class undermine democracy as well. The income and wealth gap continues to grow. Wealthy individuals and corporations are able through campaign contributions and lobbying to buy political power. There must be an equality of opportunity and a limitation on the gap between rich and poor.
Conference papers on the topic "High wealth individuals"
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Bozkaya, Gülferah. "The Role of Social Protection Expenditure in the Fight against Poverty." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00990.
Full textAbstract:
The concept gradually accumulate wealth in the world and intensifies poverty and insecurity are increasing to the same extent. When we look at the past, present and edit the markets cannot self-cleaning, as they cannot, by themselves can be considered as social justice has been seen cannot produce. Social justice-seeking different genders, groups and generations ensures the promotion of equality between the values. The realization of social justice on a global scale before everything redistribution of income from the rich to the poor is mandatory. Redistributing income in various forms of social protection social justice, provide more in several sizes. Avoidance of poverty by helping individuals develop their individual autonomy, dignity, protects and supports integration with the community. Whatever the economic power and productivity of individuals worthy of human dignity to have a minimum standard of social life provides guaranteed by the state. Spread evenly across society for education and health facilities and offers high standards. Social protection expenditure used in the creation of the European Union using ESSPROS method a methodology that has been guiding international social protection expenditures to produce an international comparison also provides the opportunity to do. In the light of current international developments in the field of social policy, social protection expenditure in Turkey will be evaluated in a comparative perspective.
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Barbosa, Joao Roberto, and Pericles Pilidis. "GEOPHILES: GEneration Of Power with HIgh Levels of Environmental Friendliness — A Technology Transfer Project Between Europe and South America." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0586.
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This paper outlines the main details of a technology transfer educational project between the EU and South America. It was sponsored by the CEC, The British Council and GUASCOR. An international network called GEOPHILES was set up to train ten South American individuals selected by the South American partners. The technical subject was power generation with gas fuel from biomass and low calorific value coal. The objective was to create a team of individuals with experience on a relevant discipline, giving each grantholder a different experience. To achieve this the training took place in several European Universities and a Spanish company. The trainees and their host institutions received state of the art training and material. They were also made aware of the advanced wealth creation capabilities within the European Community. The European membership of the consortium included three Universities with important industrial and commercial links and an industrial partner. This gave the programme a valuable practical element. The project was in two phases, firstly the preparation and delivery of the technical material in an intensive two week course. The second phase of the project was the mobility of the grantholders to Europe to carry out a six and a half month project on a subject relevant to the engineering of suitable power systems. In the short term the benefit to the South American community was a small team of experts with an increased awareness of advanced environment friendly power generation systems. In the long term this may result in valuable business opportunities to European industry.
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Elhag, Saba, Ibrahem Abdalhakam, and Manar Abel-Rahman. "Prevalence of Consanguinity among ASD Individuals: Systematic Review & Meta-analysis." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0163.
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Aim: We aim to estimate the global prevalence of consanguinity among the ASD families and compare that among different populations. Methods: Meta-analysis of observational studies reporting prevalence of consanguinity among ASD families was searched systematically in important databases including EMBASE, PubMed and Academic Search Complete. Individual studies were screened by two reviewers independently, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a risk of bias tool (Hoy’s tool). Random Effect model was used to calculate pooled weighted estimates due to considerable heterogeneity. Subgroups analysis was also calculated. Results: 10 publications were identified based on our inclusion criteria from 8 different countries, 4 of them were from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the rest were from: Lebanon (2 studies), Egypt, Jordan, Iran, and Israel). Studies varied in ASD cases numbers as it ranged between 49 -500, and the total ASD individuals in all studies were 1581. All studies address consanguinity among the ASD families despite the variation in the methods. The pooled estimate of consanguinity among ASD families was 24% Subgroup analysis by the study country led to a higher pooled estimate of consanguinity of 38% in the GCC countries compared to other than GCC countries with a pooled estimate of 16%. In addition, the overall odd ratio calculated from the case-control studies included in our meta-analysis was 1.5. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that studied the prevalence of consanguinity among ASD families worldwide. Children born to consanguineous parents have been reported to have lower social behavior and cognitive ability, which are the main problems with ASD children. Our study qualitatively reviewed the prevalence of consanguinity among ASD families throughout the world and 10 eligible studies from eight countries were identified. We quantitatively synthesized the results and the key findings of this study showed a 24% overall pooled estimate of consanguinity among ASD families. GCC countries showed a high estimated pooled prevalence of consanguinity among ASD families as 38% compared to countries other than GCC 16%, which was higher than our overall pooled prevalence. This high estimate among GCC countries can be related to the high rates of consanguineous marriage in the GCC countries compared to the worldwide rates (20%). In Qatar, the rate of consanguineous marriage reported as 54%. This high rates among GCC countries may be due to factors like rooted cultural beliefs, social life and customs in addition to, economic benefits of keeping wealth within the families. Conclusion: The globally estimated pooled consanguinity prevalence among ASD patients was 24%, GCC countries showed a higher pooled prevalence (38%)
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Hinson, David, Rusty Smith, Bruce Kitchell, Mackenzie Stagg, Elizabeth Farrell Garcia, and Betsy Burnet. "Can Increasing Energy Performance Be a Key to Unlocking Rural Home Affordability?" In 2020 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.36.
Full textAbstract:
Though home energy use should be considered in every residential project, it is particularly critical for low-wealth individuals and families. While higher-budget projects can rely on a return on investment for energy-saving features, “affordable” housing projects built by not-for-profit organizations frequently rely on reductions in construction costs to keep purchasing prices low for homeowners. However, this can result in higher maintenance and operations costs over the useful life of the home. Could linking home performance to the mortgage carry of an individual homeowner provide opportunities to create a housing stock of homes that consider the total cost of homeownership? This paper describes a research initiative designed to seek the balance point between up-front investments in improved energy performance and home affordability in support of a pilot, systems-based approach to more affordable homeownership. In a design-build studio format, the authors and their students have revised and constructed multiple versions of the same small, two-bedroom prototype home developed for the context of a mixed-humid climate: one built to the Passive House Institute U.S. (PHIUS) standard and the other to the Department of Energy’s Zero Energy Ready Home (ZERH) standard. By constructing two prototype homes on the same street and with similar orientation, but with differing energy-related details, the authors are able to evaluate the initial cost of construction associated with achieving these two performance standards while simultaneously comparing the monthly energy savings afforded by each approach. Each home underwent a rigorous process of modeling, testing, and monitoring. Computational energy modeling during the design phase were used to to test various envelope assemblies. At key points in construction, blower door tests and thermal imaging were utilized to assess the specific efficacy of alternative approaches construction detailing and to verify systems and envelope airtightness. Long-term monitoring is used to evaluate actual post-occupancy energy use against that which was predicted in the initial design phase. Furthermore, post-occupancy engagement with the homeowner allows for a deeper understanding of the design of end-user education programs that empower families to leverage the high-performance potential of their homes. Ultimately, these findings provide an invaluable contribution to the authors’ broader research and development where, in partnership with federal agencies as well as mortgage and insurance providers, the team continues to explore mechanisms to better integrate both the policies and products necessary to support a new paradigm of truly affordable homeownership to families in the rural South.
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Skjong, Rolf, and Knut O. Ronold. "So Much for Safety." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28451.
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The paper demonstrates that a simple method exists, by which easily accessible information aggregated in national statistics can be used to derive acceptance criteria for use in cost effectiveness evaluations. Cost effectiveness assessment is normally used for risks that should be made as low as reasonably practicable. These are risks, which are neither intolerably high nor negligible. Examples of users of such criteria are the national and international regulators that implement safety related regulations and industrial companies that operate in an industrial self-regulation regime and therefore define and implement their own risk control strategies. The criteria are derived by combining societal indicators published by the United Nations development program and national statistics. It is observed that in an unregulated market, individuals invest in their own safety or in the safety of their own family. In the same way as the societal indicators indicate how much the regulator should use on safety, the data on how much individuals spend on safety when the decision is up to them indicate when the regulator should not regulate. The idea is then that when individuals make better use of the available resources there is no reason to regulate. As a last point, when it comes to cost effectiveness, the paper demonstrates that situations may well occur for which a wealthy country should invest in safety and a poor country should not.
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Egorova, Maia, and Tamara Ruiz. "STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AT DIFFERENT PHASES OF GETTING HIGHER EDUCATION (THE CASE OF RUSSIA)." In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b1/v4/13.
Full textAbstract:
"The problem of motivation is one of the most important in determining the driving mechanisms that force a person to learn, work, master something new. Motivation to work is one of the key elements of challenging yourself on the way to self-development. Motivation has deep psychological and moral roots and is a complex multifaceted phenomenon that often defies logical comprehension. In addition, it is an ephemeral, elusive thing; it is not a permanent feature of a person in one or another area of his activity. Accordingly, it is the problem of origin, retention, and in a good scenario of strengthening the motivation that is in one of the first place among the tasks that modern teachers face. Rapid scientific and technological development and progress in various fields of knowledge, new scientific and technical discoveries and the need for new high-tech developments require specialists with a high level of education and high-quality professional training. This applies not only to scientific and technical spheres, but also to natural-applied and humanitarian areas. All this makes higher education today a prestigious and extremely attractive goal for most young people, making young people use their studies at a university as a social lift for further personal development and career development. At the same time, a situation is observed when entering universities, many young people are faced with a serious problem of lack of motivation to learn, or they are demotivated in the learning process, which often leads to a very low level of quality of their studies, and sometimes makes them interrupt study for academic leave or give it up completely. Pedagogical science has accumulated a wealth of experience in studying this problem, however, the modern challenges of a changing world require pedagogy to constantly monitor changes and search for new approaches to solving the problems that students have in the course of obtaining higher education. The authors study this problem, taking as an example Russia, which is a country at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, where features of European and Eastern culture are combined in people. The authors approached the issue from several important angles. The article analyzes the socio-economic and political characteristics that affect the motivation for learning among young people. Particular attention is paid to the state of the current Russian society, spiritual and moral guidelines of young people, their goals and views on life and their own future. The authors emphasize the importance of family, religion and spiritual and moral development in the issue of motivation to work and study. The authors come to the conclusion that the problem of lack of motivation is based on a combination of reasons, but its root is primarily in the family upbringing of the student, as well as in his moral component and emotional and psychological maturity of the individual. The article provides an overview and some of the changes in student motivation associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and online learning. It is important to note that in the course of their research, the authors relied on their many years of experience in teaching at higher educational institutions in Russia."
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Fuentes, O., and G. Pincon. "PARIETAL AND MOBILE ART OF ROC-AUX-SORCIERS ROCK SHELTER (MIDDLE MAGDALENIAN, VIENNE, FRANCE)." In Знаки и образы в искусстве каменного века. Международная конференция. Тезисы докладов [Электронный ресурс]. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-308-4.15-16.
Full textAbstract:
The rock shelter of the Roc-aux-Sorciers at Angles-sur-lAnglin (Vienne, France) is one of the archaeological reference sites for the Upper Paleolithic. The sculpted, painted and engraved frieze was gradually brought to light in its archaeological context by Susanne Cassou de Saint-Mathurin and Dorothy Garrod from 1949 onwards (Saint-Mathurin, Garrod, 1950). A wealth of archaeological material was discovered alongside the parietal art, comprising numerous works of portable art, tools made of animal bone, jewellery, etc. It was very rapidly observed that the portable art and the parietal art shared the same graphic and thematic conventions. For example, images of female bodies are rendered in high relief, in a monumental way, but also in the form of small statuettes. Our research has demonstrated the undeniable intra-site links between the portable art and the parietal art (Pinon, 2012). Here we propose to broaden this analysis within a well-identified culture of the Middle Magdalenian known as the Magdalenian of Lussac-Angles spearpoints. At the time of the discovery of the Magdalenian site of La Marche in 1937 (Vienne) (Lwoff, Pricard, 1940), some similarities had been identified between this site and that of Le Roc-aux-Sorciers, where the discoveries dated back to 1927 (Rousseau, 1933). These similarities are also perceptible in shared techniques (Chehmana, Beyries, 2010), as well as in the production of objects in hard organic materials such as the Lussac-Angles spearpoints (Pinon, 1988), the jewellery in fossil mammoth ivory (Dujardin, Pinon, 2000), the engraved horse incisors (Mazire, 2009) and the figurative art (Bourdier et al., 2016 Fuentes, 2016). We propose to further explore the links between these two sites through the analysis of the dynamic processes of reworking images. In particular we examine the engraved plaquettes of La Marche and the parietal art of Le Roc-aux-Sorciers to bring these links into perspective. This could shed light on some common ways of seeing the world in this Magdalenian group. Bourdier, C., Pinon, G., Bosselin, B. (2016). Norme et individualit au Rocaux-Sorciers (Vienne, France): approches des mains du registre animalier au travers de la forme. In M. Groenen, M.-Ch. Groenen (Eds.), Style, Techniques and Graphic expression in Rock Art (pp. 1735). BAR S2787. Chehmana, L., Beyries, S. (2010). Lindustrie lithique du Roc-aux-Sorciers (collection Rousseau). In J. Buisson-Catil, J. Primault (Eds.), Prhistoire entre Электронная библиотека ИА РАН: https://www.archaeolog.ru/ru/el-bib 16 Vienne et Charente. Hommes et socit du Palolithique (pp. 453460). Association des publications Chauvinoises, mmoire XXXVIII. Dujardin, V., Pinon, G. (2000). Le Magdalnien dans la Vienne et la Charente. In G. Pion (Dir.), Le Palolithique suprieur rcent: nouvelles donnes sur le peuplement et lenvironnement (pp. 213222). Actes de la table ronde de Chambry, 12-13 mars 1999, Mmoire de la Socit prhistorique franaise 28. Fuentes, O. (2016). The social dimension of human depiction in Magdalenian rock art (16,500 cal. BP 12.000 Cal. BP): the case of the Roc-aux-Sorciers rockshelter. Quaternary International, 430, 97113. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.quaint.2016.06.023 Pericard, L., Lwoff, S. (1940). La Marche. Commune de Lussac-les-Chteaux (Vienne). Premier atelier de Magdalnien III dalles graves mobiles. Bulletin de la Socit Prhistorique franaise, 37(79), 155180. Pinon, G. (1988). Fiche sagaie de Lussac-Angles. In H. Camps Fabrer (Dir.), Fiches typologiques de lindustrie osseuse prhistorique. Commission de nomenclature sur lindustrie de los prhistorique. Cahier I: sagaies (fiche 3bis). Universit de Provence. Pinon, G. (2012). Art mobilier et art parital du Roc-aux-Sorciers (Angles-surlAnglin, Vienne, France): disparits ou sens communs In J. Clottes (Ed.), Lart plistocne dans le monde / Pleistocene art of the world / Arte pleistoceno en el mundo (pp. 15491558). Bulletin Socit Prhistorique Arige-Pyrnes. Mazire, G. (2009). Les incisives de chevaux graves. In G. Pinon (Dir.), Le Roc-aux-Sorciers: art et parure du Magdalnien. Runion des Muses Nationaux. http://www.catalogue-roc-aux-sorciers.fr Rousseau, L. (1933). Le Magdalnien dans la Vienne. Dcouverte et fouille dun gisement du Magdalnien, Angles-sur-lAnglin (Vienne). Bulletin de la Socit Prhistorique franaise, 30, 239256. Saint-Mathurin (de), S., Garrod, D. (1950). Une frise sculpte du Magdalnien ancien dcouverte Angles-sur-lAnglin, dans la Vienne. Acadmie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, 94(2), 123128.
Reports on the topic "High wealth individuals"
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Scartascini, Carlos, and Joanna Valle Luna. Research Insights: How Much Do We Trust Others in Latin America and the Caribbean?: The Role of Inequality and Perceptions. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003136.
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Inclusive growth requires high levels of trust, both among individuals and in institutions, and trust is shaped by a variety of factors, including the distribution of income and wealth. This is problematic when that distribution is not perceived as legitimate. Latin America and the Caribbean has traditionally been a highly unequal region. Inequality might be associated with lower trust because it reflects an unequal distribution of power, as those at the top can use the states coercive power to benefit themselves at the expense of others. Inequality nonetheless tends to be wrongly estimated, as most people do not accurately estimate their countrys income and wealth distribution, or their position within.