Academic literature on the topic 'High-voltage engines'
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Journal articles on the topic "High-voltage engines"
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Tsai, Wen Chang. "Design and Implementation of a Voltage Booster Circuit for High-Pressure Injector Drives in GDI Engines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 1367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.1367.
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A DC/DC voltage booster circuit is essential to design for the high-pressure (H.P.) injector driving circuit since the power supply voltages for various H.P. injectors are DC 60~90 V rather than DC 12~14V battery voltages. The DC 12~14V battery voltages have to be boosted up to the stable DC 60~90 V voltages supply for being able to drive various H.P. injectors. The new H.P. injector driving circuit consists of a voltage booster circuit and an originally designed three-stage power MOSFETs injector driving circuit to control the dc-link power supply voltage. The dynamic performance of a H.P. injector driven by the designed electrical driving circuit with the voltage booster are simulated and analyzed. The stability and electrical characteristics for the voltage booster under various injection pulse durations and engine speeds are investigated. The fuel injection quantities, supply voltages and injector driving currents of the H.P. injector fed by the new injector driving circuit is illustrated and analyzed in the paper. The experimental results show that this injector driving circuit with a newly designed voltage booster is capable of operating stably to drive the H.P. injector and obtain the accurate fuel injection quantities in the air-fuel ratio control of engines.
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Tran, Thanh Phong, Quang Minh Nguyen, and Quoc Cuong Tran. "Feasibility of Studying Fuel Mixer Design for High Power Engines Using Completely Biogas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 889 (March 2019): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.889.231.
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Nowadays, the original source of mineral fuel for engines was depleting increasingly while combustion products make the environment to be polluted, CO2emission which caused many greenhouse gases; this also makes crude oil prices fluctuate and rise. They tend to use biogas as a fuel for internal combustion engines which have been interested in the powerful countries. Supply of biogas from the waste of farms, flour production, fish processing, landfills, etc., with hundreds or thousands of cube meter of biomass daily leads demand on high-power generators using biogas in order to make good use of produced gas. This article introduces a technology solution for fuel engines using purely large-capacity biogas and operating under compression type fire. Accordingly, the tubular biogas Venturi mixer with electronic controller has been used to supply the mixture of fuel to engine. The CDI-DC ignition circuit provides a high voltage of 28kV for forced combustion of the mixture. Experimental results show that the mixer operates stably, well controlled and allows adjusting the ratio of air/fuel, as well as easily changing its speed when it is used as a hybrid engine for the generator. Some results of performance evaluation of biogas mixer will be presented in this article.
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Liura, О. P., N. Ya Vozna, and Ya M. Nykolaichuk. "RESEARCH OF TRANSIENT PROCESSES IN HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES 6–10 KV AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROELECTRONIC SPECIAL PROCESSOR OF RELAY PROTECTION, INVARIANT TO CHANGE IN AMPLITUDES OF PHASE CURRENTS." Scientific Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, no. 2(45) (November 13, 2018): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9965-2018-2(45)-57-83.
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The fast-acting algorithms of exposure and invariant authentication of transients in the lines of electricity transmission as load surge, short circuits and start of powerful electric engines were developed; based on that, the functions of relay defense device of high-voltage lines of electricity transmission were determined. The given structure of small, microelectronic fast-acting device of relay defense is with the extended functional possibilities of recognition of load surge and defense of high-voltage lines of electricity transmission from short circuits, the syntax of his functions was presented. This device can be used for load surge recognition and short circuits, invariant to the size of increase currents in the separate phases of electric lines. It allowed successful application of the developed method and device for simultaneous recognition of load surge, short circuits and starting of powerful electric engines. The information technology of designing structural solutions of relay protection special processor for high-voltage electricity transmission lines was presented.
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Russell, Michael J., Wolfgang Nitschke, and Elbert Branscomb. "The inevitable journey to being." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1622 (July 19, 2013): 20120254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0254.
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Life is evolutionarily the most complex of the emergent symmetry-breaking, macroscopically organized dynamic structures in the Universe. Members of this cascading series of disequilibria-converting systems, or engines in Cottrell's terminology, become ever more complicated—more chemical and less physical—as each engine extracts, exploits and generates ever lower grades of energy and resources in the service of entropy generation. Each one of these engines emerges spontaneously from order created by a particular mother engine or engines, as the disequilibrated potential daughter is driven beyond a critical point. Exothermic serpentinization of ocean crust is life's mother engine. It drives alkaline hydrothermal convection and thereby the spontaneous production of precipitated submarine hydrothermal mounds. Here, the two chemical disequilibria directly causative in the emergence of life spontaneously arose across the mineral precipitate membranes separating the acidulous, nitrate-bearing CO 2 -rich, Hadean sea from the alkaline and CH 4 /H 2 -rich serpentinization-generated effluents. Essential redox gradients—involving hydrothermal CH 4 and H 2 as electron donors, CO 2 and nitrate, nitrite, and ferric iron from the ambient ocean as acceptors—were imposed which functioned as the original ‘carbon-fixing engine’. At the same time, a post-critical-point (milli)voltage pH potential (proton concentration gradient) drove the condensation of orthophosphate to produce a high energy currency: ‘the pyrophosphatase engine’.
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Caliari, Luca, Paola Bettacchi, Evangelista Boni, Davide Montanari, Arrigo Gamberini, Luigi Barbieri, and Francesco Bergamaschi. "KEMET SMD Film Capacitors for High Temperature Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, HITEN (January 1, 2013): 000013–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hiten-ma13.
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Trends of several applications like down-hole drilling, commercial aviation (e.g. jet engines), heavy industrial and automotive are challenging the capabilities of capacitors and other electronic components. The growing harsh-environment conditions for these applications are: high temperature, high voltage and high current. At the capacitor component level, required features are: very high reliability under mechanical shock, rapid changes in temperature, low leakage current (high insulation resistance), small dimensions, good stability with time and humidity, and high peak withstanding voltage. Capacitors for power-conversion circuitry must maintain a low AC loss and DC leakage at high temperatures. KEMET has recently designed film capacitor series using PEN to address the needs of the above mentioned circuits, in particular regarding the working temperature, voltage and current. This paper will cover technological advances in film capacitor technology to address harsh environment conditions needs, providing test results on temperature, voltage and thermal shock acceleration factor.
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Hennek, Krystian, and Mariusz Graba. "The influence of exhaust system leak on the operating parameters of a turbocharged spark ignition engine." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.114.
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Turbocharging of an internal combustion engine is the most common technique to improve an engines’ performance. In present it is not hard to meet vehicles on the road with turbocharged SI engines, which have a high mileage, and because of this fact there is a high risk of exhaust systems leak. This might have its influence not only on the emissions, but also on the vehicles performance. Thereby this dissertation shows the comparative analysis of the influence of exhaust system leak in the catalyzer input on the exhaust gasses composition in the catalyzer output and the operation parameters of an turbocharged SI engine. During the research some parameters were recorded and compared, e. g.: the engines power and torque, the injec-tors opening time, the oxygen sensors voltage signals in the input and in the output of the catalyzer, the concentration of harmful gasses in the exhaust tailpipe. The research was conducted with the use of a single roller MAHA MSR 500 chassis dynamometer. A series of torque measurements was performed. Under these measurements a simulation of the exhaust system leakage of a turbocharged SI passenger car engine was made. As a result three variations of the wideband oxygen sensor acting were reached. The wideband sensor is mounted between the turbocharger unit and the input of the catalyzer. In the test the influence of the leakage on the injector’s opening time and the composition of harmful exhaust substances were pointed.
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Lu, De Cai, Ji Xiang Wu, and Fu Qun Shao. "The Research of High Voltage Electrical Capacitance Tomography System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.896.
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The electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) was used to detect multiphase flows in pipelines, fluidization process and combustion phenomena in internal combustion engines, and so on. In the mentioned applications, none of them has equipment or vessel with inner diameter exceeding 1 meter. Nevertheless, there are some of large equipments like blast furnaces, coal bunkers and so on, need to detect its content distribution. These requirements could be met by ECT technology. But there are not any ECT systems can be used to detect content distribution of those large equipments, because the existing system can not measure the capacitance in change which was changed by content distribution. A new method of high AC voltage excitation and C/V circuits which has a higher excitation voltage about 20~50 times than the previous ac-based system, with an 8-electrodes sensor array that is amounted on a 2.5m inner diameter object constructed a High Voltage Electrical Capacitance Tomography (HVECT) system in laboratory. Image reconstruction experiments show that the HVECT is applicable to monitor the content distribution in the future.
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Lus, Tomasz, Marek Łutowicz, and Dominika Cuper. "APPLICABILITY STUDY OF THE FIBER-OPTIC GYRO IN PISTON ENGINES DIAGNOSING PROCESS." Agricultural Engineering 46, no. 1 (September 10, 2014): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/ageng.2014.004.
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The Polish Naval Academy has been involved in marine reciprocating combustion engines indication tests for many years. Results of researches aiming to diagnostic using of measurement of engine crankshaft unsteady angular speed are presented in the paper. Up to now, adequate accuracy of angular speed measurement had not been achieved to make proper diagnostic decision. Commercially, measurement of unsteady rotation speed has been used only in MAPEX –TV system (Torsional Vibration detector) dedicated to SULZER engines, which can detect only the one engine cylinder switch out of work without any mistakes. For several years, mostly in navigation, more often are used optic gyroscopes which work on the base of Sagnac effect, assuring angular speed measurements with resolution of 0.001o/h. Such resolution is too high than needed in piston engines diagnostic, but range of measured rotation speed is much much lower than rpm of medium-or low-speed marine diesel engines. In scope of conducted research it was decided to build a model of Sagnac interferometer prepared to measure of instantaneous angular speed in range adequate to medium speed marine diesel engines. At rotational crankshaft speed equal 750 rpm 1mV change in output voltage had been achieved for the difference of 0,4 o/sec of rotational speed. Time of measurement is equal the time which need light ray to go through distance of 100 m fibber-optic line. In practice this method do not introduce any significant phase shifts and does not limit the number of samples per revolution.
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Hsueh, Ming-Hsien, Chia-Nan Wang, Meng-Chang Hsieh, Chao-Jung Lai, Shi-Hao Wang, Chia-Hsin Hsieh, Tsung-Liang Wu, and Jo-Hung Yu. "An Analysis of Exhaust Emission of the Internal Combustion Engine Treated by the Non-Thermal Plasma." Molecules 25, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 6041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25246041.
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Industries’ air pollution causes serious challenges to modern society, among them exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, which are currently one of the main sources. This study proposes a non-thermal plasma (NTP) system for placement in the exhaust system of internal combustion engines to reduce the toxic contaminants (HC, CO, and NOx) of exhaust gases. This NTP system generates a high-voltage discharge that not only responds to the ion chemical reaction to eliminate NOx and CO, but that also generates a combustion reaction at the local high temperature of plasma to reduce HC. The NTP system was designed on both the front and rear of the exhaust pipe to analyze the difference of different exhaust flow rates under the specified frequency. The results indicate that the NTP system can greatly reduce toxic contaminants. The NTP reactor placed in the front of exhaust pipe gave HC and CO removal efficiency of about 34.5% and 16.0%, respectively, while the NTP reactor placed in the rear of exhaust pipe gave NOx removal efficiency of about 41.3%. In addition, the voltage and material directly affect the exhaust gases obviously. In conclusion, the proposed NTP system installed in the exhaust system can significantly reduce air pollutants. These results suggest that applying NTP to the combustion engine should be a useful tool to simultaneously reduce both emissions of NOx and CO.
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Komariah, Leily Nurul, Erik Salindra, Muhammad Akbar Ray, and Muhammad Rendana. "Effect of Technical Modifications on the Fuel Consumption and Emission Level of Biodiesel-Diesel Blended (B30) Fuel Engine." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 12, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm.2021.012.03.21.
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The use of the mixed of biodiesel and diesel (BXX) will affect the performances of engines that are previously used for pure diesel. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the appropriate technical modifications that can be applied in the B30-fueled generator set. Several modifications were carried out such as no modification (as a control), the addition of fuel preheater, the change of the injector nozzle specifications, and the combined modifications in the B30 fuel generator set. The results of the study revealed that the addition of fuel preheater reduced fuel consumption, CO emission around 20% and 7.6% respectively. In contrast, there was an increase of the output voltage by 0.7%. Moreover, the change of the injector nozzle specifications showed a decrease in fuel consumption and output voltage around 7.92% and 2.2% respectively, but increase in CO emissions by 62.3%. The combined modification showed the reduction of fuel consumption and output voltage around 12.45% and 2.6%, respectively. However, the CO emission increased around 90%. In summary, the best modification for biodiesel-diesel blended (B30) fuel engine was found in the engine with the addition of preheater modification because it gives high fuel consumption but low emission level.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "High-voltage engines"
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Білянівський, Артур Віталійович. "Оцінка ефективності самозапуску високовольтних двигунів в системі власних потреб теплоелектроцентралі потужністю 160 МВт." Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/40105.
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Магістерська дисертація складається з пояснювальної записки та графічної частини. Пояснювальна записка виконана на 116 сторінках формату А4, яка включає в себе 27 малюнків, 41 таблиць, 35 джерел використаної літератури. Графічна частина містить 4 аркуші технічних креслень форматом А1.
В магістерський дисертації розглядається питання оцінка ефективності самозапуску високовольтних двигунів в системі власних потреб теплоелектроцентралі потужністю 160 МВт. Проведено розрахунок і аналіз самозапуску двигунів власних потреб , а також побудовані моментні характеристики двигунів ВП.
Актуальність роботи. На даний момент електроенергетична галузь України характеризується високим рівнем зносу електроенергетичного обладнання, що використовується для виробництва, передачі та розподілу електричної енергії, основна частина якого введена в експлуатацію в 1960-1970-х роках минулого століття, а спроектована за нормами 1950-х років.
Системи власних потреб станцій потребують модернізації, яка дозволить стабільно підтримувати потрібний діапазон регулювання частот та покращити умови самозапуску при короткочасних зниженнях або навіть повному зникненню напруги на шинах власних потреб.
Метою магістерської дисертації є проведення оцінки ефективності самозапуску двигунів власних потреб теплоелектроцентралі потужністю 160 МВт. Для досягнення поставленої мети необхідно вирішити наступні задачі:
1. Забезпечити теоретичний фон поточного дослідження
2. Надати інформацію про самозапуск електродвигунів власних потреб
3. Виконати розрахунок і аналіз самозапуску двигунів власних потреб ТЕЦ.
Об’єкт дослідження. Перехідні процеси в електромеханічних системах власних потреб теплоелектроцентралі
Предмет дослідження. Процес самозапуску високовольтних двигунів в системі власних потреб .
Методи дослідження. В основу роботи покладено оцінку ефективності самозапуску високовольтних двигунів в системі власних потреб теплоелектроцентралі потужністю 160 МВт. Моделювання було здійснено за допомогою програми Power Factory .The master's dissertation consists of an explanatory note and a graphic part. The explanatory note is made on 116 pages of A4 format, which includes 27 figures, 41 tables, 35 sources of references. The graphic part contains 4 sheets of technical drawings in A1 format. In the master's dissertation the question of estimation of efficiency of self-starting of high-voltage engines in system of own needs of the thermal power plant with a power of 160 MW is considered. The calculation and analysis of self-starting of engines of own needs are carried out, and also moment characteristics of engines of VP are constructed. Relevance of work. At present, Ukraine's electricity industry is characterized by a high level of wear and tear of electricity equipment used for the production, transmission and distribution of electricity, most of which was commissioned in the 1960s and 1970s and designed according to the norms of the 1950s. The stations' own needs systems need to be upgraded, which will allow them to stably maintain the required frequency control range and improve the self-starting conditions with short-term reductions or even complete loss of voltage on the own needs buses. The purpose of the master's dissertation is to evaluate the efficiency of self-starting engines of own needs of a thermal power plant with a capacity of 160 MW. To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1. Provide a theoretical background for the current study 2. Provide information on self-starting of electric motors of own needs 3. Perform calculation and analysis of self-starting engines of CHP own needs. Object of study. Transients in electromechanical systems of own needs of thermal power plant Subject of study. The process of self-starting high-voltage motors in the system of own needs. Research methods. The work is based on the assessment of the efficiency of self-starting of high-voltage motors in the system of own needs of a thermal power plant with a capacity of 160 MW. The simulation was performed using the Power Factory program.
Магистерская диссертация состоит из пояснительной записки и графической части. Пояснительная записка выполнена на 116 страницах формата А4, которая включает в себя 27 рисунков, 41 таблиц, 35 источников литературы. Графическая часть содержит 4 листа технических чертежей форматом А1. В магистерский диссертации рассматривается вопрос оценка эффективности самозапуска высоковольтных двигателей в системе собственных нужд теплоэлектроцентрали мощностью 160 МВт. Проведен расчет и анализ самозапуска двигателей собственных нужд, а также построены моментные характеристики двигателей ОП. Актуальность работы. На данный момент электроэнергетическая отрасль Украины характеризуется высоким уровнем износа электроэнергетического оборудования, используемого для производства, передачи и распределения электрической энергии, основная часть которого введена в эксплуатацию в 1960-1970-х годах прошлого века, а спроектирована по нормам 1950-х годов. Системы собственных нужд станций нуждаются в модернизации, которая позволит стабильно поддерживать нужный диапазон регулирования частот и улучшить условия самозапуска при кратковременных снижениях или даже полному исчезновению напряжения на шинах собственных нужд. Целью магистерской диссертации является проведение оценки эффективности самозапуска двигателей собственных нужд теплоэлектроцентрали мощностью 160 МВт. Для достижения поставленной цели необходимо решить следующие задачи: 1. Обеспечить теоретический фон текущего исследования 2. Предоставить информацию о самозапуск электродвигателей собственных нужд 3. Выполнить расчет и анализ самозапуска двигателей собственных нужд ТЭЦ. Объект исследования. Переходные процессы в электромеханических системах собственных нужд теплоэлектроцентрали Предмет исследования. Процесс самозапуска высоковольтных двигателей в системе собственных нужд. Методы исследования. В основу работы положены оценку эффективности самозапуска высоковольтных двигателей в системе собственных нужд теплоэлектроцентрали мощностью 160 МВт. Моделирование было осуществлено с помощью программы Power Factory.
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Burke, Larry, Karina Osgood, John Muir, Christina Dearstine, Micheal Cardullo, and Timothy Fox. "ADVANCEMENTS IN TRANSMITTER HARDWARE FOR WIRELESS TELEMETRY ENGINEERS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605357.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaM/A-COM has developed a chip set designed specifically for miniaturized ballistic telemetry applications. One key component of this chip set is a dual port voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). This device allows for independent optimization of both modulation and tuning parameters at the chip level. In the dual port architecture, the modulation port of the VCO may be tailored for the peak (frequency) deviation requirements of each system, while still permitting the device to tune over entire SLOWER band. Additionally, M/A-COM has developed S band power amplifiers (PAs) for medium power (500mW, 1W and 2W) telemetry applications. These new PAs are very efficient, (>45% PAE) when operated in saturation. This improved efficiency means these components may be integrated into transmitters with a miniaturized form factor. The excellent thermal performance of these new PAs allows them to be packaged in commercial plastic packages which are robust in high shock/high vibration applications. This paper reviews the design of each MMIC device and presents system performance data.
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Шибка, Ігор Григорович, and Ihor Shybka. "Використання дешевих безколекторних двигунів постійного струму в ролі двигуна маховика." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/49991.
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Atmel AVR443: Sensor-based Control of Three Phase Brushless DC Motor
[Електронний ресурс] – Режим доступу до ресурсу: http://ww1.microchip.com
/downloads/en/AppNotes/Atmel-2596-Sensor-based-Control-of-Three-Phase-Brushless-DCMotors_Application-Note_AVR443.pdf
2. AVR444: Sensorless control of 3-phase brushless DC motors [Електронний
ресурс] – Режим доступу до ресурсу: http://ww1.microchip.com
/downloads/en/AppNotes/doc8012.pdf
3. Схема регулятора скорости бесколлекторного двигателя (ESC) [Електронний
ресурс] – Режим доступу до ресурсу: https://blog.avislab.com/brushless08/Проєкт Університетського молодіжного супутника дистанційного зондування Землі (ДЗЗ), що розробляється на фізико-технічному факультеті Дніпровського національного університету імені Олеся Гончара, передбачає для функціонування достатньо високу точність стабілізації і малий час на переорієнтацію для знімків заданих поверхонь Землі. Виконати ці умови можливо при використанні в системі кутової орієнтації і стабілізації двигунів-маховиків (ДМ). Існуючі ДМ мають вартість від 8000 до 15000 євро, що не дає можливості за обмеженого фінансування використовувати їх в прєкті.
Project of the University Youth Satellite Remote Sensing Land (remote sensing), which is being developed at the Faculty of Physics and Technology of Dniprovsky Oles Honchar National University, provides for operation high enough stabilization accuracy and short reorientation time for images given surfaces of the Earth. These conditions can be met when used in the system angular orientation and stabilization of flywheel engines (FL). Existing DMs have a value from 8,000 to 15,000 euros, which does not allow for limited funding use them in the project.
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Василега, Петро Олександрович, Петр Александрович Василега, Petro Oleksandrovych Vasyleha, М. С. Гайворонський, С. С. Гвоздак, and А. С. Зябко. "Комплексне випробування двигунів змінного струму після ремонту." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65658.
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Усі електродвигуни після середнього та капітального ремонту повинні проходити випробування при роботі під навантаженням. Такі випробування, як правило, потребують використання спеціального обладнання та пов’язані зі значними фінансовими затратами. Був розроблений і запатентований спосіб випробування асинхронних двигунів, при якому подають напругу промислової частоти від регульованого джерела живлення на обмотку статора двигуна з незагальмованим ротором в режимі холостого ходу. При цьому випробуванні здійснюють підвищення напруги на обмотках статора доти, поки величина струму в них не дорівнюватиме його номінальному значенню.
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Mohapatro, Sankarsan. "Dielectric Barrier Discharge Initiated NOx Abatement In Diesel Engine Exhaust : Towards Achieving Higher Removal Efficiency." Thesis, 2011. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2217.
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In the last few decades India has advanced socioeconomically due to the rapid growth of industries and automobile sector. This in turn increases the use of fossil fuel and diesel. The atmosphere gets polluted due to the harmful substances, which comes from the burning of fuel. These pollutants can be in the form of gaseous, liquid or solid particulate. Diesel engines, the major source of power in industries and automobiles, play a significant part in causing air pollution. The major pollutants in diesel exhaust are oxides of nitrogen (NOX), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC), aldehydes and alcohols. Due to the heavy consumption of diesel as a fuel there is an urgent need to control diesel exhaust.
Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of several gases and fine particles (commonly known as soot) that contains more than 40 toxic air contaminants. Amongst the gaseous pollutants in diesel exhaust, the major concern and a challenging task is to control oxides of nitrogen, commonly referred to as NOX as it is the major contributor for acid rain, photochemical smog etc. Successful control of emissions from diesel engines is yet to be achieved. The conventional techniques which are available to control emission now are either difficult to operate or does not satisfy the stringent emission standards. This has made the researchers throughout the world to find an alternative and effective non-conventional after treatment technique to reduce diesel engine emission. The failure of conventional techniques lead to the development of non-conventional techniques such as high voltage electric discharge based plasma which has already been proved to be economical and highly efficient in industrial
electrostatic precipitators.
Electric discharge plasma or non-thermal plasma produce energetic electrons which react with background molecules in flue gas leading to active species such as radicals. These radicals being chemically active selectively react with the harmful pollutants facilitating their removal/reduction.
The present thesis work is an attempt to provide a technical solution to achieve
higher removal efficiencies of oxides of nitrogen in the backdrop of shortcomings that exist in conventional technologies to do so. The current thesis describes the research in four stages: (i) studies on NOX removal from diesel exhaust by cross-flow DBD reactor, where design and fabrication of cross-flow DBD reactor, exhaust treatment using cross-flow DBD reactor and exhaust treatment with cascaded plasma-adsorbent technique is described (ii) studies on NOX removal from diesel exhaust by compact discharge plasma sources, where design and fabrication of high frequency high voltage AC (HVAC) using old television flyback transformer, Design and fabrication of high voltage pulse (HVPulse) using automobile ignition coil, exhaust treatment with both HVPulse and HVAC and exhaust treatment with cascaded plasma-adsorbent technique is described (iii) studies on NOX removal from diesel exhaust using solar powered discharge plasma source is described (iv) studies on the NOX removal from diesel exhaust using red mud, where exhaust treatment with red mud and Exhaust treatment cascaded plasma-red mud is covered. The results have been discussed in light of enhancing the NOX removal efficiency for stationary and automobile engine exhausts.
Books on the topic "High-voltage engines"
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Stuart, Thomas A. Study of a high voltage ion engine power supply: NASA grant NAG3-1576. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.
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Kind, Dieter. High-voltage insulation technology: Textbook for electrical engineers. Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1985.
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J, King Roger, Mayer Eric, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Study of a high voltage ion engine power supply: NASA grant NAG3-1576. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.
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High-Voltage Insulation Technology: Textbook for Electrical Engineers. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1985.
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Commercial Vehicles 2021. VDI Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181023808.
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Contents Ways to achieve Zero Emission ZF E-Mobility products and software for commercial vehicles ..... 1 Thermoelectric generators for heavy-duty vehicles as an economical waste heat recovery system ..... 17 Hybridization of heavy duty trucks – Market analysis and technology for high voltage as well as low voltage solutions ..... 33 Development processes and methods Lightweight construction and cost reduction – a lean, agile MSCDPS® product development process ..... 43 eDrive & Fuel Cell powertrain systems engineering for commercial vehicles ..... 55 Fatigue development of a 10x10 commercial vehicle frame using dynamic and/or strength simulation, virtual iteration and component testing together with measurement data acquisition ..... 73 Data-driven selection of vehicle variants for the E/E integration test – Increasing variants and complex technology versus test coverage ..... 81 Hydrogen propulsion High performance and efficiency hydrogen engine using westport fuel systems’ Commercially available HPDI fuel system ..... 97 E/E architecture and operating strategy for fuel-cell trucks – Challenges...
Book chapters on the topic "High-voltage engines"
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Kumar, P., and S. Jain. "Numerical investigation of a high-voltage circuit breaker." In Technology Drivers: Engine for Growth, 259–64. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203713143-39.
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Kumar, Prabhat, and Amritesh Kumar. "Analysis and Design of a Parallel Switched-Inductor DC-DC Converter." In Computational Methodologies for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 93–110. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3327-7.ch008.
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This chapter proposes a switched inductor configuration-based non-isolated DC-DC converter with high voltage gain. The proposed converter has two output capacitors instead of a single output capacitor for voltage boosting capabilities. Enhancement of the output voltage with the addition of more number of switched inductor cells is also possible in this configuration. The most advantageous factor of this proposed converter is the use of low-voltage semiconductor devices as they don't require large heat sinks. The converter operation in the steady state is fully analyzed. In addition to that, for the purpose of stability analysis, the small signal model for the proposed converter has also been developed. The frequency response using the small-scale transfer function of the converter has also been done by employing MATLAB. A suitable controller with suitable parameters has also been designed to improve the overall stability of the DC-DC converter in consideration. The results obtained after simulation verifies the feasibility of the converter.
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Matt, Daniel, Nadhem Boubaker, Mourad Aitakkache, Philippe Enrici, Jean-Jacques Huselstein, and Thierry Martire. "High Power Very Low Voltage Electric Motor for Electric Vehicle." In New Perspectives on Electric Vehicles [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99134.
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Electric vehicles are often designed in the same way as their conventional counterparts based on the internal combustion engine, they are heavy machines for comfort and safety reasons, and increasingly powerful. Under these conditions, in order to simplify the motor electrical supply system by reducing the current levels, the voltage chosen for the battery is very high and can go up to 700 V. However, for many applications where the power is relatively low (< 30 kW per motor), it can be more beneficial to size the system at very low voltage (< 60 V). This approach allows to overcome many constraining safety requirements and also to use off-the-shelf components (motor controllers, connectors, etc.) that are more easily available on the market in this voltage range. There are also many regulatory provisions that may require to stay within this voltage limit. This article presents a variety of very low voltage motorisation solutions with a required power up to 100kW. They use two complementary approaches. The first is to implement an original permanent magnet synchronous machine technology with an optimised armature winding for low voltage operation. The second is based on power splitting where the electrical machine being designed to be driven by multiple controllers. Many examples of low-voltage motorised vehicles (sporty vehicle, tractor, re-motorised automobile, etc.) are illustrated in this article.
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Nahin, Paul J. "What You Need to Know to Read This Book." In The Logician and the Engineer. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691176000.003.0001.
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This chapter details the background knowledge needed to read this book. Specifically, it assumes some knowledge of mathematics and electrical physics and an appreciation for the value of analytical reasoning—but no more than a technically minded college-prep high school junior or senior would have. In particular, the math level is that of algebra, including knowing how matrices multiply. The electrical background is simple: knowing (1) that electricity comes in two polarities (positive and negative) and that electrical charges of like polarity repel and of opposite polarity attract; and (2) understanding Ohm's law for resistors (that the voltage drop across a resistor in volts is the current through the resistor in amperes times the resistance in ohms) and the circuit laws of Kirchhoff (that the sum of the voltage drops around any closed loop is zero, which is an expression of the conservation of energy; the sum of all the currents into any node is zero).
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Aslan, Necdet. "Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Systems and Applications." In Emerging Developments and Applications of Low Temperature Plasma, 49–62. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8398-2.ch003.
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Atmospheric-pressure plasmas have a wide variety of potential industrial applications. They are used in extractive metallurgy; metal recovery; novel nanomaterial synthesis; refractory and wear-resistant coatings deposition; chemical synthesis; energy conversion; industrial, medical, and nuclear waste destruction; engine combustion enhancement; and exhaust gas pollutants clean up. Atmospheric plasmas are produced by applying DC or AC high voltage between two electrodes designed as cylindrical in shape for jets and planar for the dielectric barrier discharge systems. This review presents an overview of the use of atmospheric-pressure plasma devices and industrial processes carried out in several of these areas.
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Barnett, Stephen. "Quantum information processing." In Quantum Information. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198527626.003.0009.
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We have seen how information can be encoded onto a quantum system by selecting the state in which it is prepared. Retrieving the information is achieved by performing a measurement, and the optimal measurement in any given situation is usually a generalized measurement. In between preparation and measurement, the information resides in the quantum state of the system, which evolves in a manner determined by the Hamiltonian. The associated unitary transformation may usefully be viewed as quantum information processing; if we can engineer an appropriate Hamiltonian then we can use the quantum evolution to assist in performing computational tasks. Our objective in quantum information processing is to implement a desired unitary transformation. Typically this will mean coupling together a number, perhaps a large number, of qubits and thereby generating highly entangled states. It is fortunate, although by no means obvious, that we can realize any desired multiqubit unitary transformation as a product of a small selection of simple transformations and, moreover, that each of these need only act on a single qubit or on a pair of qubits. The situation is reminiscent of digital electronics, in which logic operations are decomposed into actions on a small number of bits. If we can realize and control a very large number of such operations in a single device then we have a computer. Similar control of a large number of qubits will constitute a quantum computer. It is the revolutionary potential of quantum computers, more than any other single factor, that has fuelled the recent explosion of interest in our subject. We shall examine the remarkable properties of quantum computers in the next chapter. In digital electronics, we represent bit values by voltages: the logical value 1 is a high voltage (typically +5 V) and 0 is the ground voltage (0 V). The voltage bits are coupled and manipulated by transistor-based devices, or gates. The simplest gates act on only one bit or combine two bits to generate a single new bit, the value of which is determined by the two input bits. For a single bit, with value 0 or 1, the only possible operations are the identity (which does not require a gate) and the bit flip.
Conference papers on the topic "High-voltage engines"
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Goto, Satoru, Sadao Nakayama, Yoshiharu Ono, and Yoshifumi Nishi. "High Efficiency and Low NOx Gas Engines for Co-Generation Markets." In ASME 2001 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-ice-408.
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Abstract Lean-burn gas engines are operating worldwide because of having an advantage of lower NOx emission and higher thermal efficiency than those of stoichiometric gas engines. The modern lean-burn gas engines, especially medium and large size, have the pre-combustion chamber technology. On the contrary, there are some problems that originate in the spark plug. Particularly near the ignition plug located in the center, the fuel gas density is lean, affected by the lean-gas mixture coming from the main combustion chamber during the compression stroke and the fuel gas density near the wall is rich. The lifetime of ignition plug is likely to be shorter than those used in the conventional theoretical mixture gas combustion engine, because the required voltage for the plug is high, which reaches 20–25 kV or more. The authors and their colleagues have studied a combustion method of using micro-pilot fuel oil instead of spark plug as an ignition source in recent four years to provide a solution for the above mentioned technical problems. The energy of micro-pilot fuel oil is equivalent to 1% of the total thermal input, but the energy of the pilot fuel oil is several thousands times of the spark ignition. According to the author’s study, NOx emission level is defined by the amount of pilot fuel oil. But only about 1% fuel can meet the NOx target. NOx emission level meets TA-Luft of 500 mg/m3N @ 5% O2. Even the regulation of 200 ppm @ 0% O2 in the Japanese large cities can be achieved, this level is almost corresponding to the half TA-Luft. This paper describes the performance being desired for gas engines through the service-experience in co-generation fields and also describes the newly developed gas engine corresponding to a 1000 kW class, which has micro-pilot fuel oil ignition method. This engine has the same performance of a diesel engine, BMEP of 2.3 MPa and brake thermal efficiency of 43%.
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McClung, R. W., and D. R. Johnson. "NDE Development for Ceramics for Advanced Heat Engines." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-291.
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Following an assessment of needs for NDT and characterization of ceramics for the DOE program, Ceramic Technology for Advanced Heat Engines (CTAHE), many NDT projects have been implemented under the sponsorship of CTAHE to address the needs. Tasks at Argonne National Laboratory have involved X-ray computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory has emphasized high-frequency ultrasonics, low-voltage radiography, and an advanced system for X-ray computed tomography. A brief investigation was made by Radiation Sciences, Inc., into the feasibility of synchrotron-computed tomography for ceramics. New programs recently initiated at Allison and Garrett integrate ultrasonics, radiography, and other methods into a major effort on life prediction. New programs at Norton and GTE on advanced processing of ceramics also place heavy emphasis on several methods of NDT for process development and control. Initial work on NDT standards has begun in ASTM Committees E-7 and C-28.
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Subramaniam, Vivek, Naveen Raj, Anand Karpatne, Douglas Breden, and Laxminarayan Raja. "Multiphysics Modeling of Spark Discharges in High Crossflow Ignition Environments." In ASME 2021 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2021-68226.
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Abstract In SI engines, the initial stages of flame kernel formation play an important role in determining the overall thermal efficiency and in reducing the cycle-to-cycle variability. Introducing a cross-flow within the spark gap has shown to reduce the combustion fluctuations by shortening this initial ignition period and activating a larger volume of the fuel-air mixture. This work presents a computational study of spark discharges in high cross-flow ignition environments using a high-fidelity, multi-physics equilibrium plasma solver. The numerical framework is designed to simultaneously model chemically reacting fluid flow coupled with electromagnetics, surface ablation physics and external circuit dynamics in a fully coupled manner. The spark channel is simulated in a constant volume combustion chamber under different operating conditions and cross flow velocities. The simulation model is validated by comparing several key parameters associated with the discharge such as the breakdown voltage, dwell current, restrike timing, and spark stretch against experimental measurements.
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Tozzi, Luigi, Emmanuella Sotiropoulou, and Paul Hicks. "Advanced Combustion System Solutions for Increasing Thermal Efficiency in Natural Gas Engines While Meeting Future Demand for Low NOx Emissions." In ASME/IEEE 2007 Joint Rail Conference and Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc/ice2007-40026.
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Key requirements for state of the art industrial gas engines are high engine thermal efficiency, high engine brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), low NOx emissions, and acceptable spark plug life. Fundamentally, as engine thermal efficiency and power density increase, along with the requirement of reduced NOx emissions, the pressure at the time of ignition increases. This results in a higher spark breakdown voltage that negatively affects spark plug life. This problem is resolved with a smaller electrode gap and high spark energy to overcome quenching effects during ignition kernel development. High flow fields in the spark gap region are required to assure the spreading of the discharge, which reduces the rate of electrode erosion. In addition, these high flow fields overcome mixture inhomogeneities by developing large ignition kernels. These large ignition kernels, inside the prechamber spark plug, produce high velocity flame jets into the main chamber enhancing combustion, which results in thermal efficiency gains at lower NOx levels and higher BMEP. The advanced combustion system solution discussed in this paper is the combination of high-energy ignition and a prechamber spark plug with flow fields at the electrode gap. Future developments include improved ion signal quality detonation detection resulting in additional gains in thermal efficiency.
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Huang, Shuai, Tie Li, Chongmin Wu, Bin Wang, and Ming Zheng. "Effects of Various Discharge Strategies on Ignition of Lean Methane/Air Mixture." In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9648.
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Ultra-lean burn with high turbulence has high potential for improving thermal efficiency and reducing NOx emissions in spark-ignition engines. Formation of initial flame kernel in high-turbulence flow by advanced ignition technologies is crucial for successful implementation of the ultra-lean burn concept. In this study, a four-coil ignition system is designed to enable temporally flexible discharge, including the single strike, multi-strike and continuous discharge with the discharge energy range from 100 to 300 mJ. The performance of the different discharge strategies on igniting the lean methane-air mixture is evaluated in an optically accessible constant volume vessel. The initial mixture pressure of 3.0 MPa and temperature of 388 K are set to simulate typical conditions near TDC (top dead center) of turbocharged large-bore natural gas engines. Both the flow and quiescent conditions around the spark plug are taken into account with and without gas flows in the vessel. The flame kernel formation and developing processes are captured by using the Schlieren imaging technique with a high-speed CMOS video camera, while evolution of both the voltage and current in the circuit are well monitored by the high-voltage probe and current clamp. With the continuous discharge ignition, the lean limit is remarkably extended in the case of the flow condition, while it is changed only slightly under the quiescent condition, compared with the other strategies. Analysis of the current and voltage waveforms shows that the continuous discharge strategy can enable a steadier and longer discharging period than the other strategies, regardless of conditions with and without gas flow. Besides, the continuous discharge strategy can accelerate the initial flame propagation compared with the other strategies. Once the flame kernel is successfully established, an increase in the discharge energy of single strike has no obvious effects on the flame development, but it is necessary for maintaining the lean limit. Although, in principle, the multi-strike discharge strategy can increase the ignition energy released to the mixture, the current waveform is prone to be interrupted with the discharge channel strongly distorted by the gas flow under the high-pressure condition. The flame propagation speed of the ultra-lean mixture is rather slow under the high ambient pressure quiescent condition compared with the high ambient pressure flow condition. Enhancement of turbulent flow in the mixture is very crucial for realizing the highly efficient and stable combustion of the lean mixture.
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Gilman, Thane. "Shore Power Supply (Cold Ironing) for Ships: Reducing Ship Engine Emissions." In ASME/USCG 2010 2nd Workshop on Marine Technology and Standards. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mts2010-0206.
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Cold Iron: Receipt of shore power, along with other utilities such as potable water and steam, is part of the process of placing the engineering plant in a status known as “cold iron.” The term originates from the steamship era, when ship boilers and engines would go relatively cold after being secured. To bring a steam plant back online, supplying its own power after a “cold iron” period, would involve a substantial light-off, warm-up, and transition period compared to modern, fully automated plants. Onshore power supply (OPS, sometimes referred to as “cold ironing”) is a system of procedures and equipment that provides ships with a source of electrical power as an alternative to the ship’s service electrical power system. The primary benefit is that, since the ship no longer has main or auxiliary engines operating, the engine emissions are virtually eliminated in the port area. Many ports around the world are located near large populations, and engine emissions from ships unfortunately contribute to unwanted levels of nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, particulate matter, and even the “greenhouse gas” carbon dioxide. Onshore power supply achieves a better total emissions reduction result than ship-installed emissions equipment, because the engines are off-line. On the other hand, there are difficulties associated with high voltage, varying frequencies, safety and infrastructure costs that must be addressed in order to justify an onshore power supply installation. Paper published with permission.
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Freen, Paul D., Jess Gingrich, and James Chiu. "Combustion Characteristics and Engine Performance of a New Radio Frequency Electrostatic Ignition System Igniting Lean Air-Fuel Mixtures." In ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2004-0853.
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Recently, industry and government have joined together to develop high efficiency, low emissions, natural gas fueled, industrial, reciprocating engines for power generation. The California Energy Commission targets fuel-to-electricity efficiency at over 50% and NOx less than 0.01 gm/BHP-hr by the year 2010 [1]. The Department of Energy’s ARES program has targeted 50% efficiency and 0.1 gm/BHP-hr NOx by 2010 [2]. The engine manufacturers have determined that these goals cannot be met with current ignition system technology. They have jointly developed a specification for the next generation ignition system [3], which will support meeting the engine cost, efficiency and emissions goals. The Electrically Controlled Combustion Optimization System (ECCOS) is a new technology (patent pending) which is designed to meet or exceed this specification. This ignition system generates a high voltage, low current, radio frequency electrostatic field inside the combustion chamber to efficiently ionize the air and fuel mixture and initiate multiple flame fronts. The system is able to reliably introduce much higher ionization energy to the combustion chamber than conventional ignition systems because the ionization is done with a high voltage electric field, not high temperature. Conventional ignition systems generate up to 30,000 deg F of temperature in the spark plug gap. This temperature is created in the plug gap by a high current, low voltage plasma arc. The reliance of the conventional ignition system on temperature to initiate combustion limits the maximum energy that can be delivered because the high temperatures erode the electrodes. Since the ECCOS does not generate these high temperatures, electrode erosion should not be a problem. This paper presents a comparison of combustion characteristics between a conventional ignition system and the ECCOS igniting various mixture rations of propane and air in a constant volume combustion test chamber. Pressure rise rates as well as combustion photographs of the ignition and flame propagation processes are presented. In addition, experimental data obtained from the natural gas, single-cylinder engine operating with a conventional ignition system and the ECCOS are presented. Combustion rates, ignition delay, fuel consumption and emissions are presented at various air-fuel ratios.
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Cha, Jong K., Thomas Y. Lee, and Yong X. Gan. "Thermoelectric Power Generation by Harvesting the Waste Heat From a Car Engine." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49225.
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Internal combustion (IC) engines typically have an efficiency of less than 35%. This is largely due to the fact that much of the energy dissipates into waste heat. However, the waste heat may be converted into electricity by using energy conversion modules made from bismuth telluride. In this work, it is demonstrated that electricity can be generated from waste heat due to the difference in temperatures. The thermal to electrical energy conversion is achieved by using a self-assembled thermoelectric generator (TEG). The TEG (thermoelectric generator) uses two different types of metallic compound semiconductors, known as n-typed and p-typed, to create voltage when the junctions are held at different temperatures. The work mechanism is based on the Seebeck effect. In this study, the TEGs are made from bismuth telluride (Bi-Te) with relatively high energy conversion efficiencies. In addition, it is readily available. The installation location of the TEG is studied. For testing purposes and convenience, the top of the radiator of a 1990 Mazda Miata car was chosen. The TEG and an aluminum finned heat sink were placed in order on the top of the radiator. Thermal paste was applied to both surfaces and secured with zip ties. A vent was cut on the hood of the car to promote airflow between the fins. Appropriate electrical wiring allowed the unit to output to a digital multi-meter which was located within the car for operator to take data. It is found from the measured results that 0.948 V is the maximum output and the average voltage is 0.751 V. The highest voltage came from driving mountain paths due to the heat sink and coolant temperature being higher than nominal. We estimate that placing an insulator between the heat sink and TEG would push the maximum voltage over 1.0 V. During the cool down phase, the TEG produced electricity continuously with a maximum voltage of 0.9 V right after engine cutoff. The voltage decreased to about 0.6 V within 40 minutes. It is found that the relationship between the temperature difference and output voltage is linear.
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Wang, Guanghua, Jordi Estevadeordal, Sean P. Harper, and Nirm Nirmalan. "Real-Time Burst Signal Removal Using Multi-Color Pyrometry Based Filter for Improved Jet Engine Control." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26417.
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Online line-of-sight (LOS) pyrometer is used on certain jet engines for diagnosis and control functions such as hot-blade detection, high-temperature limiting, and condition-based monitoring. Hot particulate bursts generated from jet engine combustor at certain running conditions lead to intermittent high-voltage signal outputs from the LOS pyrometer which is ultimately used by the onboard Digital Engine Controller (DEC). To study the nature of hot particulates and enable LOS pyrometer functioning under burst conditions, a Multi-Color Pyrometry (MCP) system was developed under DARPA funded program and tested on an aircraft jet engine. Soot particles generated as by-product of combustion under certain conditions was identified as the root cause for the signal burst in a previous study. The apparent emissivity was then used to remove burst signals. In current study, the physics based filter with MCP algorithm using apparent emissivity was further extended to real-time engine control by removing burst signals at real time (1MHz) and at engine DEC data rate. Simulink models are used to simulate the performances of the filter designs under engine normal and burst conditions. The results are compared with current LOS pyrometer results and show great advantage. The proposed model enables new LOS pyrometer design for improved engine control over wide range of operating conditions.
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Liu, Chong, Asif Rashid, Muhammad P. Jahan, and Jianfeng Ma. "Machining of High Aspect Ratio Micro-Holes on Titanium Alloy Using Silver Nano Powder Mixed Micro EDM Drilling." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10944.
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Abstract Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V is used extensively in aerospace engines because of its high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. Machining of cooling holes in turbine blades for aerospace engines is one of the major challenges faced in aerospace industries. Ti-6Al-4V is known as a difficult to be machined material by conventional machining processes, and machining of micro-through-holes with diameter less than 100 microns is even more challenging. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of machining high aspect ratio micro-through holes in Ti-6Al-4V using micro electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) with the silver (Ag) nanopowder mixed dielectric. The machining time, overcut, recast layer, crater size, aspect ratio and surface finish of the micro-holes were evaluated. In order to minimize the positional inaccuracy and spindle runout, the microelectrodes were fabricated in-situ using block micro-EDM process. In this study, as received electrode of 300 microns diameter tungsten wire was reduced to about 50 microns diameter rod by micro block EDM using a tungsten carbide block. The effect of powder concentration, gap voltage, capacitance and electrode rotational speed was studied. It is found that high quality micro-holes of about 50 microns diameter can be achieved successfully and repeatedly using powder mixed micro-EDM (PM-μEDM). The micro-holes generated by PM-μEDM provides comparatively smoother surface finish and minimal recast layer around the rim of the micro-holes. In addition, PM-μEDM process improves machining stability, thus allowing to minimize the hole size and quality, thus enhancing the aspect ratio of micro-holes.
Reports on the topic "High-voltage engines"
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Soer, Wouter. High-Voltage LED Light Engine with Integrated Driver. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1329007.
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Sohns, C. W., and D. Van Uum. Engine system electronics for high-temperature and high-voltage electronics, materials, and components for under-hood applications. Project accomplishment summary. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/666271.
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Effect of Spark Discharge Duration and Timing on the Combustion Initiation in a Lean Burn SI Engine. SAE International, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0478.
Full textAbstract:
Meeting the increasingly stringent emission and fuel efficiency standards is the primary objective of the automotive research. Lean/diluted combustion is a promising avenue to realize high-efficiency combustion and reduce emissions in SI engines. Under the diluted conditions, the flame propagation speed is reduced because of the reduced charge reactivity. Enhancing the in-cylinder charge motion and turbulence, and thereby increasing the flame speed, is a possible way to harness the combustion process in SI engines. However, the charge motion can have a significant effect on the spark ignition process because of the reduced discharge duration and frequent restrikes. A longer discharge duration can aid in the formation of the self-sustained flame kernel and subsequent stable ignition. Therefore, an empirical study is undertaken to investigate the effect of the discharge duration and ignition timing on the ignition and early combustion in a port fueled SI engine, operated under lean conditions. The discharge duration is modulated from 1 ms to 8 ms through a continuous discharge strategy. The discharge current and voltage measurements are recorded during the engine operation to characterize the discharge process. The in-cylinder charge is diluted using fresh air to achieve lean combustion. The in-cylinder pressure measurement and heat release analysis are used to investigate the ignition and combustion characteristics of the engine. Preliminary results indicate that while the discharge duration has a marginal effect on the ignition delay, cyclic variations are notably impacted.