Relevant bibliographies by topics / High temperature gas stream

Academic literature on the topic 'High temperature gas stream'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "High temperature gas stream"

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Rice, I. G. "Split Stream Boilers for High-Temperature/High-Pressure Topping Steam Turbine Combined Cycles." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815586.

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Research and development work on high-temperature and high-pressure (up to 1500°F TIT and 4500 psia) topping steam turbines and associated steam generators for steam power plants as well as combined cycle plants is being carried forward by DOE, EPRI, and independent companies. Aeroderivative gas turbines and heavy-duty gas turbines both will require exhaust gas supplementary firing to achieve high throttle temperatures. This paper presents an analysis and examples of a split stream boiler arrangement for high-temperature and high-pressure topping steam turbine combined cycles. A portion of the gas turbine exhaust flow is run in parallel with a conventional heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This side stream is supplementary fired opposed to the current practice of full exhaust flow firing. Chemical fuel gas recuperation can be incorporated in the side stream as an option. A significant combined cycle efficiency gain of 2 to 4 percentage points can be realized using this split stream approach. Calculations and graphs show how the DOE goal of 60 percent combined cycle efficiency burning natural gas fuel can be exceeded. The boiler concept is equally applicable to the integrated coal gas fuel combined cycle (IGCC).
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Zhang, Junming, Xiaoping Chen, and Yi Li. "Velocity–temperature correlations in high-temperature supersonic turbulent channel flows for two gas models." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 21 (July 30, 2019): 1950247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919502476.

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Velocity–temperature correlations in a high-temperature supersonic turbulent channel flows, including thermally perfect gas (TPG) and calorically perfect gas (CPG), are investigated based on the direct numerical simulation database [Chen et al., J. Turbul. 19 (2018) 365] to study the gas model effects. The results show that in fully developed turbulent channel flow, the Reynolds analogy factor remains close to 1.2 for both gas models. The “recovery enthalpy” is better than Walz’s equation to connect the mean stream-wise velocity with mean static temperature because it is independent with gas models. The modified strong Reynolds analogy for TPG is more accurate scaling than that for CPG, and the turbulent Prandtl number is insensitive to gas models. In addition, the influence of gas model on the probability density functions of stream-wise velocity and static temperature concentrate on the corresponding right tails.
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Abraitis, R. I., and P. P. Vaitekunas. "Destruction of refractories by a high-temperature gas stream." Refractories 32, no. 1-2 (January 1991): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01295626.

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Mebold, Ulrich. "High velocity clouds near the Magellanic Clouds." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 148 (1991): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900201162.

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High velocity clouds (HVCs) of neutral atomic hydrogen close to the position of the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) and the Magellanic Stream (Stream) are reviewed. The gas observed at velocities of +70 km/s and +130 km/s in front of the LMC is probably associated with ordinary HVCs in the galactic halo. This is not the case for the gas observed between +150 and +170 km/s which is more likely associated with the MCs. The HVCs observed superimposed onto the Stream are possibly remnants of collisions between a gaseous polar ring around our Galaxy and the bridge region between the MCs. The HVCs found close to and “behind” the tip of the Stream may be regarded as shreds of the Stream precipitating toward the galactic disk. The chemical composition, the radiation field and the temperature in the Stream is discussed in the context of the first spin temperature determination by Wakker (1990), of an HVC.
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Krishnamoorthy, V., B. R. Pai, and S. P. Sukhatme. "Influence of Upstream Flow Conditions on the Heat Transfer to Nozzle Guide Vanes." Journal of Turbomachinery 110, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3262212.

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The influence of a combustor located just upstream of a nozzle guide vane cascade on the heat flux distribution to the nozzle guide vane was experimentally investigated. The surface temperature distribution around the convectively cooled vane of the cascade was obtained by locating the cascade, firstly in a low-turbulence uniform hot gas stream, secondly in a high-turbulence, uniform hot gas stream, and thirdly in a high-turbulence, nonuniform hot gas stream present just downstream of the combustor exit. The results indicate that the increased blade surface temperatures observed for the cascade placed just downstream of the combustor can be accounted for by the prevailing turbulence level measured at cascade inlet in cold-flow conditions and the average gas temperature at the cascade inlet.
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Nakagawa, Tsuguhiko, Kazuaki Hara, Tomohiko Furuhata, and Norio Arai. "Non-Oxidizing Heating by High Temperature Nitrogen Gas Jet Stream." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 32, no. 1 (1999): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.32.110.

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Drobyshevskii, A. S., and A. B. Gots. "Measurement of particle velocity in a high-temperature gas stream." Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 24, no. 2 (February 1985): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00799717.

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Peterson, R. C. "A flame-heated gas-flow furnace for single-crystal X-ray diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 25, no. 5 (October 1, 1992): 545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889892004023.

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A furnace using an inert-gas stream heated by an acetylene torch has been designed to conduct high temperature X-ray diffraction experiments. The design makes use of the stability of electrically heated gas-flow devices and the high-temperature capability of flame heaters. The gas flow is coaxial with the crystal mounting fibre resulting in a thermally stable environment controlled by the composition of the heated gas stream. Temperatures from 373 up to 1573 K are maintained by computer-controlled flow regulation of the acetylene flame based on the signal from a thermocouple on which the crystal is mounted. The results of a high-temperature X-ray diffraction study of Mg0.54Fe2+ 0.46Fe2O4, spinel are given as an example of the application of this furnace.
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Cämmerer, Malcolm, Thomas Mayer, Stefanie Penzel, Mathias Rudolph, and Helko Borsdorf. "Application of Low-Cost Electrochemical Sensors to Aqueous Systems to Allow Automated Determination of NH3 and H2S in Water." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 2814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102814.

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Usage of commercially available electrochemical gas sensors is currently limited by both the working range of the sensor with respect to temperature and humidity and the spikes in sensor response caused by sudden changes in temperature or humidity. Using a thermostatically controlled chamber, the sensor response of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide sensors was studied under extreme, rapidly changing levels of humidity with the aim of analyzing nebulized water samples. To protect the sensors from damage, the gas stream was alternated between a saturated gas stream from a Flow Blurring® nebulizer and a dry air stream. When switching between high and low humidity gas streams, the expected current spike was observed and mathematically described. Using this mathematical model, the signal response due to the change in humidity could be subtracted from the measured signal and the sensor response to the target molecule recorded. As the sensor response is determined by the model while the sensor is acclimatizing to the new humid conditions, a result is calculated faster than that by systems that rely on stable humidity. The use of the proposed mathematical model thus widens the scope of electrochemical gas sensors to include saturated gas streams, for example, from nebulized water samples, and gas streams with variable humidity.
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Al-Mhanna, Najah. "Simulation of High Pressure Separator Used in Crude Oil Processing." Processes 6, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6110219.

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The aim of this research was to simulate a high-pressure (HP) separator in order to investigate the effect of changing separator operating conditions on product properties. In this study, the results obtained using the CHEMCAD simulation software package were compared with those obtained using the UniSim software package. The simulation results were comparable with industrial data. A sensitivity study was conducted by changing the gas stream properties, such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate, in order to investigate and optimize the process. The results showed that increasing the separator inlet pressure from 30 to 80 bar decreased the outlet gas flow rate from 1202 to 871.15 kmol/h. Also, the methane mole fraction increased from 0.69 to 0.74; however, the preheater heating duty was increased from 8.71 to 11.48 GJ/h. The simulation results showed that increasing the temperature of the separator feed stream from 43 to 83 °C increased the flow rate of the outlet gas stream from 871.15 to 1142.98 kmol/h. However, this temperature change reduced the methane concentration in the gas product and decreased the heating duty of the heat exchanger. Finally, the study demonstrated that there is no effect of increasing the inlet feed flow rate on the produced methane gas concentration.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "High temperature gas stream"

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Mathison, Randall Melson. "Experimental and Computational Investigation of Inlet Temperature Profile and Cooling Effects on a One and One-Half Stage High-Pressure Turbine Operating at Design-Corrected Conditions." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250281163.

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Wu, Stanley W. M. "Hydrodynamics of gas spouting at high temperature." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26345.

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The spouted bed technique was developed for handling solids which were too coarse to fluidize well. In its early stages, it was primarily used for drying wheat. It was later found that spouting has potential application in high temperature operations such as coal combustion and gasification. However, literature review will show that there are very few reports on the hydrodynamics of spouted beds at high temperature and/or pressure. Most existing correlations or expressions are based upon experiments done at room conditions; they have not been tested with data from higher temperatures. The goal of this study was to obtain experimental data at high temperatures, to examine the validity of existing equations and to modify the latter where appropriate. Spouting of sand particles (Ottawa sand) with preheated air, ranging from 20 to 420 °C, was conducted in a 156 mm stainless steel half-column, equipped with a glass panel. The transparent surface allowed one to measure spout diameter, fountain height, annulus height and other important parameters which otherwise are difficult to obtain in a full stainless steel column. In addition to air, helium and methane, at room conditions, were also used as spouting gases. With these two gases, it became possible to investigate the effect of changing gas density at constant gas viscosity and the effect of changing gas viscosity at constant gas density. The main experimental measurements were of minimum spouting velocities, spout diameters, maximum spoutable heights and bed pressure drops. For selected runs, additional measurements, such as of flow regime maps, particle circulation rates, radial and longitudinal pressure profiles, fountain heights and annular fluid velocities, were also obtained. In general, it was found that the range of stable spouting decreased with decreasing gas density and increasing gas viscosity, hence with increasing air temperature. Some of the existing equations were found to be inadequate. The Mathur and Gishler (1955) equation was unsatisfactory when tested against the experimental values of Ums. The expression of Epstein and Levine (1978) gave good prediction of the overall bed pressure drop for room conditions but overestimated the effect of temperature. The McNab (1972) equation for estimating spout diameter worked reasonably well for air spouting at room temperature but it underpredicted at higher temperatures. These equations were empirically modified to fit the new data obtained.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Stevens, Nancy Shanan Moore. "Composite membranes for high temperature gas separations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10082.

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Astbury, Christopher John. "High temperature chemistry in the gas phase." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236061.

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Plewacki, Nicholas. "Modeling High Temperature Deposition in Gas Turbines." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587714424017527.

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Baldwin, Thomas James. "Aerosol formation in high temperature vapour-gas mixtures." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843166/.

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Understanding the formation and growth of aerosols is important to a better understanding of a diverse range of problems. The identification of key parameters affecting aerosol behaviour is discussed, and a number of approaches for predicting this behaviour are developed in this thesis. Models appropriate to a wide range of industrial processes are used. Turbulent and laminar flow scenarios are considered, and an assessment is made of the likely differences in system behaviour according to whether nucleation occurs by a predominantly homogeneous, binary or ion-induced mechanism. A number of techniques for predicting aerosol behaviour are compared, ranging from the rigorous to more elementary approaches. It is shown that the simpler techniques are able to demonstrate many of the most important features of aerosol behaviour, whilst allowing the isolation of the parameters which influence this behaviour. This thesis presents methods which are capable of rapidly characterising the growth and formation behaviour of an aerosol system, and in doing so has identified many of the parameters which control this behaviour.
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Zwierlein, Martin W. "High-temperature superfluidity in an ultracold Fermi gas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39290.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, February 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 258-280).
This thesis presents experiments in which a strongly interacting gas of fermions was brought into the superfluid regime. The strong interactions are induced by a Feshbach scattering resonance that allows to tune the interfermion scattering length via an external magnetic field. When a Fermi mixture was cooled on the molecular side of such a Feshbach resonance, Bose-Einstein condensation of up to 107 molecules was observed. Subsequently, the crossover region interpolating between such a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of molecules and a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid of long-range Cooper pairs was studied. Condensates of fermion pairs were detected in a regime where pairing is purely a many-body effect, the pairs being stabilized by the presence of the surrounding particles. Superfluidity and phase coherence in these systems was directly demonstrated throughout the crossover via the observation of long-lived, ordered vortex lattices in a rotating Fermi mixture. Finally, superfluidity in imbalanced Fermi mixtures was established, and its Clogston limit was observed for high imbalance. The gas was found to separate into a region of equal densities, surrounded by a shell at unequal densities.
by Martin W. Zwierlein.
Ph.D.
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Forsyth, Peter. "High temperature particle deposition with gas turbine applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:61556237-feed-43cb-9f4a-d0aed00ca3f8.

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This thesis describes validated improvements in the modelling of micron-sized particle deposition within gas turbine engine secondary air systems. The initial aim of the research was to employ appropriate models of instantaneous turbulent flow behaviour to RANS CFD simulations, allowing the trajectory of solid particulates in the flow to be accurately predicted. Following critical assessment of turbophoretic models, the continuous random walk (CRW) model was chosen to predict instantaneous fluid fluctuating velocities. Particle flow, characterised by non-dimensional deposition velocity and particle relaxation time, was observed to match published experimental vertical pipe flow data. This was possible due to redefining the integration time step in terms of Kolmagorov and Lagrangian time scales, reducing the disparity between simulations and experimental data by an order of magnitude. As no high temperature validation data for the CRW model were available, an experimental rig was developed to conduct horizontal pipe flow experiments under engine realistic conditions. Both the experimental rig, and a new particulate concentration measurement technique, based on post test aqueous solution electrical conductivity, were qualified at ambient conditions. These new experimental data compare well to published data at non-dimensional particle relaxation times below 7. Above, a tail off in the deposition rate is observed, potentially caused by a bounce or shear removal mechanism at higher particle kinetic energy. At elevated temperatures and isothermal conditions, similar behaviour is observed to the ambient data. Under engine representative thermophoretic conditions, a negative gas to wall temperature gradient is seen to increase deposition by up to 4.8 times, the reverse decreasing deposition by a factor of up to 560 relative to the isothermal data. Numerical simulations using the CRW model under-predict isothermal deposition, though capturing relative thermophoretic effects well. By applying an anisotropic Lagrangian time scale, and cross trajectory effects of the external gravitational force, good agreement was observed, the first inclusion of the effect within the CRW model. A dynamic mesh morphing method was then developed, enabling the effect of large scale particle deposition to be included in simulations, without continual remeshing of the fluid domain. Simulation of an impingement jet array showed deposition of characteristic mounds up to 30% of the hole diameter in height. Simulation of a passage with film-cooling hole off-takes generated hole blockage of up to 40%. These cases confirmed that the use of the CRW generated deposition locations in line with scant available experimental data, but widespread airline fleet experience. Changing rates of deposition were observed with the evolution of the deposits in both cases, highlighting the importance of capturing changing passage geometry through dynamic mesh morphing. The level of deposition observed, was however, greater than expected in a real engine environment and identifies a need to further refine bounce-stick and erosion modelling to complement the improved prediction of impact location identified in this thesis.
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Andrienko, Daniil. "Non-equilibrium Models for High Temperature Gas Flows." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1405505300.

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Abercrombie, Matthew G. "Acoustic microsensor with optical detection for high-temperature, high-pressure environments." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19467.

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Books on the topic "High temperature gas stream"

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Gettings, Mike. Heat recovery from high temperature waste gas streams. [London]: Energy Efficiency Office, 1987.

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Bose, T. K. High temperature gas dynamics. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Bose, Tarit K. High Temperature Gas Dynamics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004.

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K, Bose T. High temperature gas dynamics. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Bose, Tarit K. High Temperature Gas Dynamics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07762-7.

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Bose, Tarit K. High Temperature Gas Dynamics. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05200-7.

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Anderson, John David. Hypersonic and high temperature gas dynamics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989.

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Hypersonic and high-temperature gas dynamics. 2nd ed. Reston, Va: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006.

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Anderson, John David. Hypersonic and high-temperature gas dynamics. 2nd ed. Reston, VA: AIAA, 2007.

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Kasten, P. R. Research on very high temperature gas reactors. Palo Alto, California: Electric Power Research Institute, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "High temperature gas stream"

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Zhong, Allan. "Challenges for High-Pressure High-Temperature Applications of Rubber Materials in the Oil and Gas Industry." In Residual Stress, Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems, Volume 9, 65–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21765-9_10.

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Peter, Johannes M. F., and Markus J. Kloker. "Numerical Simulation of Film Cooling in Supersonic Flow." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 79–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_5.

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Abstract High-order direct numerical simulations of film cooling by tangentially blowing cool helium at supersonic speeds into a hot turbulent boundary-layer flow of steam (gaseous H2O) at a free stream Mach number of 3.3 are presented. The stagnation temperature of the hot gas is much larger than that of the coolant flow, which is injected from a vertical slot of height s in a backward-facing step. The influence of the coolant mass flow rate is investigated by varying the blowing ratio F or the injection height s at kept cooling-gas temperature and Mach number. A variation of the coolant Mach number shows no significant influence. In the canonical baseline cases all walls are treated as adiabatic, and the investigation of a strongly cooled wall up to the blowing position, resembling regenerative wall cooling present in a rocket engine, shows a strong influence on the flow field. No significant influence of the lip thickness on the cooling performance is found. Cooling correlations are examined, and a cooling-effectiveness comparison between tangential and wall-normal blowing is performed.
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Bose, Tarit K. "High Temperature Gas Dynamics." In High Temperature Gas Dynamics, 259–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07762-7_11.

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Richter, Denny, and Holger Fritze. "High-Temperature Gas Sensors." In Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, 1–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5346_2013_56.

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Bose, Tarit K. "Introduction." In High Temperature Gas Dynamics, 1–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07762-7_1.

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Bose, Tarit K. "Diagnostic Techniques." In High Temperature Gas Dynamics, 241–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07762-7_10.

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Bose, Tarit K. "Some Practical Examples." In High Temperature Gas Dynamics, 283–324. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07762-7_12.

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Bose, Tarit K. "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics." In High Temperature Gas Dynamics, 5–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07762-7_2.

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Bose, Tarit K. "Introduction to Statistical Mechanics." In High Temperature Gas Dynamics, 25–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07762-7_3.

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Bose, Tarit K. "Radiative Properties of High Temperature Gases." In High Temperature Gas Dynamics, 59–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07762-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "High temperature gas stream"

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Rice, Ivan G. "Split Stream Boilers for High Temperature/High Pressure Topping Steam Turbine Combined Cycles." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-029.

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Research and Development work on high temperature and high pressure (up to 1500 °F TIT and 4500 psia)1 topping steam turbines and associated steam generators for steam power plants as well as combined cycle plants is being carried forward by DOE, EPRI and independent companies. Aero Derivative gas turbines and Heavy Duty gas turbines both will require exhaust gas supplementary firing to achieve high throttle temperatures. This paper presents an analysis and examples of a split stream boiler arrangement for high temperature and high pressure topping steam turbine combined cycles. A portion of the gas turbine exhaust flow is run in parallel with a conventional heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This side stream is supplementary fired opposed to current practice of full exhaust flow firing. Chemical fuel gas recuperation can be incorporated in the side stream as an option. A significant combined cycle efficiency gain of 2 to 4 percentage points can be realized using this split stream approach. Calculations and graphs show how the DOE goal of 60 % combined cycle efficiency burning natural gas fuel can be exceeded. The boiler concept is equally applicable to the integrated coal gas fuel combined cycle (IGCC).
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Kim, Chan Soo, Sung-Deok Hong, Dong-Un Seo, and Yong-Wan Kim. "Temperature Measurement With Radiation Correction for Very High Temperature Gas." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23074.

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When a thermocouple is placed in a high temperature gas-flow stream, the measured temperature could be biased from the true gas temperature due to a large radiation heat transfer from a thermocouple surface to its surroundings. In this study, two thermocouples of unequal diameters of 1/8 inch and 1/16 inch were used to correct the radiation effect. This method is called the reduced radiation error (RRE). The test results show that the radiation on the thermocouple sheath tubes is the source of the error in the gas temperature measurement, and the RRE method is very effective for radiation correction under negligible conditions with the conductive dissipation through the sheath tubes.
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Basson, Gert W., and P. W. E. Blom. "Non-Catalytic Plasma-Arc Reforming of Natural Gas With Carbon Dioxide as the Oxidizing Agent for the Production of Synthesis Gas or Hydrogen." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58023.

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The world’s energy consumption is increasing constantly due to the growing population of the world. The increasing energy consumption has a negative effect on the fossil fuel reserves of the world. Hydrogen has the potential to provide energy for all our needs by making use of fossil fuel such as natural gas and nuclear-based electricity. Hydrogen can be produced by reforming methane with carbon dioxide as the oxidizing agent. Hydrogen can be produced in a Plasma-arc reforming unit making use of the heat energy generated by a 500 MWt Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR). The reaction in the unit takes place stoichiometrically in the absence of a catalyst. Steam can be added to the feed stream together with the Carbon Dioxide, which make it possible to control the H2/CO ratio in the synthesis gas between 1/1 and 3/1. This ratio of H2/CO in the synthesis gas is suitable to be used as feed gas to almost any chemical and petrochemical process. To increase the hydrogen production further, the Water-Gas Shift Reaction can be applied. A techno-economic analysis was performed on the non-catalytic plasma-arc reforming process. The capital cost of the plant is estimated at $463 million for the production of 1132 million Nm3/year of hydrogen. The production cost of hydrogen is in the order of $12.81 per GJ depending on the natural gas cost and the price of electricity.
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McCurry, Cynthia K., and Robert R. Romanosky. "Sampling and Analysis of Alkali in High-Temperature, High-Pressure Gasification Streams." In ASME 1985 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-gt-202.

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This paper describes the experiences leading to successful sampling of hot, contaminated, coal-derived gas streams for alkali constituents using advanced spectrometers. This activity was integrated with a multi-phase, combustion test program which addressed the use of minimally treated, coal-derived fuel gas in gas turbines. Alkali contaminants in coal-derived fuels are a source of concern, as they may induce corrosion of and deposition on turbine components. Real-time measurement of alkali concentrations in gasifier output fuel gas streams is important in evaluating these effects on turbine performance. An automated, dual-channel, flame atomic emission spectrometer was used to obtain on-line measurements of total sodium and potassium mass loadings (vapors and particles) in two process streams at the General Electric fixed-bed coal gasifier and turbine combustor simulator facility in Schenectady, New York. Alkali measurements were taken on (1) slipstreams of high temperature, high pressure, minimally clean, low-Btu fuel gas containing entrained particles from the gasifier and (2) a slipstream of the exhaust gas from the combustor/turbine simulator. Alkali detection limits for the analyzer were found to be on the order of one part per billion. Providing a representative sample to the alkali analyzer at the limited flows required by the instrument was a major challenge of this activity. Several approaches and sampling hardware configurations were utilized with varying degrees of success during this testing campaign. The resulting information formed the basis for a second generation sampling system which has recently been successfully utilized to measure alkali concentrations in slipstreams from the described fixed-bed coal gasifier and turbine combustor simulator.
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Heshmat, Hooshang, Michael J. Tomaszewski, and James F. Walton. "Small Gas Turbine Engine Operating With High-Temperature Foil Bearings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90791.

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A 134 Newton thrust class, 120,000 rpm turbojet was redesigned to incorporate a high-temperature compliant foil bearing aft of the turbine rotor and a compliantly mounted ball bearing forward of the centrifugal compressor–cold section. Two rotor-bearing system configurations were evaluated, one for operation above the bending critical speed and one for rigid rotor operation. Required characteristics for the foil bearing and ball bearing equipped with compliant foil damper mount were determined through a series of design tradeoff studies evaluating critical speeds and system stability. Following the design studies, the necessary hardware was fabricated, the engine assembled and operation to full speed achieved. Engine speed, rotor vibrations, compressor discharge pressure, exhaust gas temperature, thrust and fuel consumption were all recorded for both a baseline fluid lubricated ball bearing supported engine and the new turbojet engine using the hybrid foil bearing support system. Issues related to high-speed operation above the bending critical speed are identified and recommendations offered. Engine test data show that approximately 10% less fuel is consumed by the hybrid foil bearing mount system than the baseline conventional design. It is also shown that the foil bearing life was longer than the ball bearing life even though the foil bearing operated in the exhaust gas stream at temperatures exceeding 800°C. The results of this program demonstrate the feasibility of developing a completely oil-free foil bearing gas turbine engine.
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Takada, Shoji, Kenji Abe, and Yoshiyuki Inagaki. "Conceptual Structure Design of High Temperature Isolation Valve for High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29379.

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The high temperature isolation valve (HTIV) is a key component to assure the safety of a high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) connected with a hydrogen production system, that is, protection of radioactive material release from the reactor to the hydrogen production system and combustible gas ingress to the reactor at the accident of fracture of an intermediate heat exchanger and the chemical reactor. The HTIV used in the helium condition over 900 °C, however, has not been made for practical use yet. The conceptual structure design of an angle type HTIV was carried out. A seat made of Hasteloy-XR is welded inside a valve box. Internal thermal insulation is employed around the seat and a liner because high temperature helium gas over 900 °C flows inside the valve. Inner diameter of the top of seat was set 445 mm based on fabrication experiences of valve makers. A draft overall structure was proposed based on the diameter of seat. The numerical analysis was carried out to estimate temperature distribution and stress of metallic components by using a three-dimensional finite element method code. Numerical results showed that the temperature of the seat was simply decreased from the top around 900 °C to the root, and the thermal stress locally increased at the root of the seat which was connected with the valve box. The stress was lowered below the allowable limit 120 MPa by decreasing thickness of the connecting part and increasing the temperature of valve box to around 350 °C. The stress also increased at the top of the seat. Creep analysis was also carried out to estimate a creep-fatigue damage based on the temperature history of the normal operation and the depressurization accident.
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7

Buttsworth, D. R., T. V. Jones, and K. S. Chana. "Unsteady Total Temperature Measurements Downstream of a High Pressure Turbine." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-407.

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An experimental technique for the measurement of flow total temperature in a turbine facility is demonstrated. Two thin film heat transfer gauges located at the stagnation point of fused quartz substrates are operated at different temperatures in order to determine the flow total temperature. With this technique, no assumptions regarding the magnitude of the convective heat transfer coefficient are made. Thus, the probe can operate successfully in unsteady compressible flows of arbitrary composition and high free-stream turbulence levels without a heat transfer law calibration. The operation of the total temperature probe is first demonstrated using a small wind tunnel facility. Based on results from the small wind tunnel tests, it appears that the probe total temperature measurements are accurate to within ± 1K. Experiments using the probe downstream of a high pressure turbine stage are then described. Both high and low frequency components of the flow total temperature can be accurately resolved with the present technique. The probe measures a time-averaged flow total temperature that is in good agreement with thermocouple measurements made downstream of the rotor. Frequencies as high as 182 kHz have been detected in the spectral analysis of the heat flux signals from the total temperature probe. Through comparison with fast-response aerodynamic probe measurements, it is demonstrated that at the current measurement location, the total temperature fluctuations arise mainly due to the isentropic extraction of work by the turbine. The present total temperature probe is demonstrated to be an accurate, robust, fast-response device that is suitable for operation in a turbomachinery environment.
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Harvego, E. A., M. G. McKellar, and J. E. O’Brien. "System Analysis of Nuclear-Assisted Syngas Production From Coal." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58085.

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A system analysis has been performed to assess the efficiency and carbon utilization of a nuclear-assisted coal gasification process. The nuclear reactor is a high-temperature helium-cooled reactor that is used primarily to provide power for hydrogen production via high-temperature electrolysis. The supplemental hydrogen is mixed with the outlet stream from an oxygen-blown coal gasifier to produce a hydrogen-rich gas mixture, allowing most of the carbon dioxide to be converted into carbon monoxide, with enough excess hydrogen to produce a syngas product stream with a hydrogen/carbon monoxide molar ratio of about 2:1. Oxygen for the gasifier is also provided by the high-temperature electrolysis process. Results of the analysis predict 90.5% carbon utilization with a syngas production efficiency (defined as the ratio of the heating value of the produced syngas to the sum of the heating value of the coal plus the high-temperature reactor heat input) of 64.4% at a gasifier temperature of 1866 K for the high-moisture-content lignite coal considered. Usage of lower moisture coals such as bituminous can yield carbon utilization approaching 100% and 70% syngas production efficiency.
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Martins, Nelson, Maria da Graça Carvalho, Naim Afgan, and Alexander Ivanovich Leontiev. "Radiation and Convection Heat Flux Sensor for High Temperature Gas Environment." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-224.

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The heat flux measurement is one of the essential parameter for the diagnostic of thermal systems. In the high temperature environment there are difficulties in differentiating between the convective and radiation component of heat flux on the heat transfer surface. A new method for heat flux measurement is being developed using a porous sensing element. The gas stream flowing through the porous element is used to measure the heat received by the sensor surface exposed to the hot gas environment and to control whether or not the sensing element receives the convection component of the total heat flux. It is possible to define a critical mass flow rate corresponding to the destruction of the boundary layer over the sensing element. With subcritical mass flow rate the porous sensing element will receive both the convective and radiative heat fluxes. A supercritical mass flow rate will eliminate the convective component of the total heat flux. Two consecutive measurements considering respectively a critical and a sub-critical mass flow rate can be used to determine separately the convection and radiation heat fluxes. A numerical model of sensor with appropriate boundary condition has been developed in order to perform analysis of possible options in the design of the sensor. The analysis includes: geometry of element, physical parameters of gas and solid and gas flow rate through the porous element. For the optimal selection of the relevant parameters an experimental set-up was designed, including the sensor element with corresponding cooling and monitoring system and high temperature radiation source. Applying the respective measuring procedure the calibration curve of the sensor was obtained. The linear dependency of the heat flux and respective temperature difference of the gas was verified. The accuracy analysis of the sensor reading has proved high linearity of the calibration curve and accuracy of ± 5%.
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Kohli, Atul, and David G. Bogard. "Effects of Very High Free-Stream Turbulence on the Jet-Mainstream Interaction in a Film Cooling Flow." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-121.

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Dispersion of coolant jets in a film cooling flow field is the result of a highly complex interaction between the film cooling jets and the mainstream. Understanding this complex interaction, particularly near the injection location, is critical for improving the predictive capabilities of existing film cooling models, especially when very high free-stream turbulence levels exist. This study uses a high frequency response temperature sensor to investigate the mean and fluctuating thermal field of a film cooling flow for two vastly different free-stream turbulence levels (0.5% and 20%). The high frequency response temperature sensor provides new information about the film cooling flow in terms of actual rms levels (Θ′), probability density functions (pdf’s), and frequency spectra of the thermal field. Results are presented for both free-stream conditions using round holes inclined at 35°, at a momentum flux ratio of I = 0.156 and density ratio of DR = 1.05. The mean thermal field results show severe degradation of the film cooling jet occurs with very high free-stream turbulence levels. Temperature rms results indicate levels as high as Θ′ = 0.25 exist at the jet-mainstream interface. More information is provided by the temperature pdf’s which are able to identify differences in the jet-mainstream interaction for the two free-stream conditions. With small free-stream turbulence, strong intermittent flow structures generated at the jet-mainstream interface disperse the jet by moving hot mainstream fluid into the coolant core, and ejecting coolant fluid into the mainstream. When the free-stream has large scales and very high turbulence levels, the jet-mainstream interface is obliterated by large scale turbulent structures originating from the free-stream which completely penetrate the coolant jet causing very rapid dispersion of the film cooling jet.
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Reports on the topic "High temperature gas stream"

1

Way, J. Douglas. PALLADIUM/COPPER ALLOY COMPOSITE MEMBRANES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN SEPARATION FROM COAL-DERIVED GAS STREAMS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/786848.

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J. Douglas Way. PALLADIUM/COPPER ALLOY COMPOSITE MEMBRANES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN SEPARATION FROM COAL-DERIVED GAS STREAMS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811445.

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3

Way, J. Douglas, and Robert L. McCormick. PALLADIUM/COPPER ALLOY COMPOSITE MEMBRANES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN SEPARATION FROM COAL-DERIVED GAS STREAMS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/795786.

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4

Skeaff, J. M. High Temperature Gas Filtration, Giant Yellowknife Mine. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/133358.

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Fielder, Robert, Matthew Palmer, Wing Ng, Matthew Davis, and Aditya Ringshia. High-Temperature, High-Bandwidth Fiber Optic Pressure and Temperature Sensors for Gas Turbine Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada429586.

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Richard R. Schult, Paul D. Bayless, Richard W. Johnson, James R. Wolf, and Brian Woods. Scaling Studies for High Temperature Test Facility and Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1042382.

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7

Kimball, O. (High temperature metallic materials for gas-cooled reactors). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5530567.

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Sterbentz, James William, Paul David Bayless, Lee Orville Nelson, Hans David Gougar, James Carl Kinsey, Gerhard Strydom, and Akansha Kumar. High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Test Reactor Point Design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1261012.

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9

Liu, Xingbo, and Yi Wang. High Temperature Gas Sensor for Coal Combustion System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1734769.

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10

Hudgens, Bian, Jene Michaud, Megan Ross, Pamela Scheffler, Anne Brasher, Megan Donahue, Alan Friedlander, et al. Natural resource condition assessment: Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293943.

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Natural Resource Condition Assessments (NRCAs) evaluate current conditions of natural resources and resource indicators in national park units (parks). NRCAs are meant to complement—not replace—traditional issue- and threat-based resource assessments. NRCAs employ a multi-disciplinary, hierarchical framework within which reference conditions for natural resource indicators are developed for comparison against current conditions. NRCAs do not set management targets for study indicators, and reference conditions are not necessarily ideal or target conditions. The goal of a NRCA is to deliver science-based information that will assist park managers in their efforts to describe and quantify a park’s desired resource conditions and management targets, and inform management practices related to natural resource stewardship. The resources and indicators emphasized in a given NRCA depend on the park’s resource setting, status of resource stewardship planning and science in identifying high-priority indicators, and availability of data and expertise to assess current conditions for a variety of potential study resources and indicators. Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park (hereafter Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP) encompasses 1.7 km2 (0.7 mi2) at the base of the Mauna Loa Volcano on the Kona coast of the island of Hawaiʻi. The Kona coast of Hawaiʻi Island is characterized by calm winds that increase in the late morning to evening hours, especially in the summer when there is also a high frequency of late afternoon or early evening showers. The climate is mild, with mean high temperature of 26.2° C (79.2° F) and a mean low temperature of 16.6° C (61.9° F) and receiving on average 66 cm (26 in) of rainfall per year. The Kona coast is the only region in Hawaiʻi where more precipitation falls in the summer than in the winter. There is limited surface water runoff or stream development at Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP due to the relatively recent lava flows (less than 1,500 years old) overlaying much of the park. Kiʻilae Stream is the only watercourse within the park. Kiʻilae Stream is ephemeral, with occasional flows and a poorly characterized channel within the park. A stream gauge was located uphill from the park, but no measurements have been taken since 1982. Floods in Kiʻilae Stream do occur, resulting in transport of fluvial sediment to the ocean, but there are no data documenting this phenomenon. There are a small number of naturally occurring anchialine pools occupying cracks and small depressions in the lava flows, including the Royal Fishponds; an anchialine pool modified for the purpose of holding fish. Although the park’s legal boundaries end at the high tide mark, the sense of place, story, and visitor experience would be completely different without the marine waters adjacent to the park. Six resource elements were chosen for evaluation: air and night sky, water-related processes, terrestrial vegetation, vertebrates, anchialine pools, and marine resources. Resource conditions were determined through reviewing existing literature, meta-analysis, and where appropriate, analysis of unpublished short- and long-term datasets. However, in a number of cases, data were unavailable or insufficient to either establish a quantitative reference condition or conduct a formal statistical comparison of the status of a resource within the park to a quantitative reference condition. In those cases, data gaps are noted, and comparisons were made based on qualitative descriptions. Overall, the condition of natural resources within Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP reflects the surrounding landscape. The coastal lands immediately surrounding Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP are zoned for conservation, while adjacent lands away from the coast are agricultural. The condition of most natural resources at Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP reflect the overall condition of ecological communities on the west Hawai‘i coast. Although little of the park’s vegetation...
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