Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'High-technology sector'

This study investigates the relationships between firm's technology, absorptive capacity and the internationalization process in the high-tech SMEs. The research identifies the most influential factors that affect the international activities and expansion decisions of New Zealand high-tech SMEs with core capabilities in agro-technology. Mixed methods, qualitative and quantitative elements in the data collection and analysis, were employed in this research for a reason that a deeper understanding of the research subject and the analysis of complex issues such as the internationalization process and absorptive capacity required methodological variety. The use of qualitative and quantitative methods took place in parallel. Both methods were used to study the same subject but they had specific objective related purposes and they offered the possibility of developing rich empirical data as well as a more comprehensive understanding of the subject under the study. The findings show that it is absorptive capacity that explains internationalization process, not internationalization process that explains absorptive capacity. The practice of internationalizing is as much a reflection of a firm's absorptive capacity as it is its determinant. The research identifies that high-tech SMEs possess technological and non-core absorptive capacity which in a different way influence firms' strategies. The research suggests that firm's technological capabilities and the advantage of specialized knowledge along with their limited non-core absorptive capacity act as constraints to the development of the future international strategy in high-tech SMEs. The study expands the existing literature on internationalization by developing variables for evaluating absorptive capacity in firms. This helped develop an absorptive capacity model which can be used as a valuable tool for self-assessment by firms to facilitate gaining insight towards further growth and development. The research suggested that if firms were able to measure its absorptive capacity this may result in improved business activities and enhanced presence in the world market. The results of this study should encourage firms to identify, capture and articulate knowledge achieved by their ventures. Managers must develop and nurture skills that ensure effective integration of learning as their firms expand, particularly internationally. These findings and absorptive capacity model offered as a tool should encourage managers to explore when, where, and how to best use firm's resources in the business operations. This is particularly important in regards to the research context (high-tech SMEs) where scientists are managers as well.

The objective of this research was to broadly study the topic of non-equity strategic alliances in the high technology sector. The a priori assumptions were that non-equity alliances were different, and that treatment of non-equity alliances in high technology firms was different from other industries. The objectives of the study were to understand: (a) why are non-equity alliances chosen in the high technology sector; (b) what roles do strategy and core competencies play in the choice of non-equity alliances; and (c) what role do technology and market factors play in high technology alliances? This study investigated twelve alliance formation decisions among three firms in the Ottawa-Carleton Region, in Ontario, Canada. The firms in the sample ranged in size from $150 million in annual revenues, to more than \$10 billion. The partner organizations reflected an international scope with headquarters in Japan, Europe and North America. The sample covered non-equity strategic alliances formed from 1990 to 1996. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

From having relied on its employees in the interaction with customers, the service industry now move towards an increased adoption of technology to enhance the value of the service

offering to the customer. This development has also reached the public transport sector which is traditionally seen as low-tech.

In this study we investigate how the customers experience the use of high-tech supporting services within a low-tech context. The case that is used is the city-bus transport provider Karlstadsbuss who provide a high-tech supporting service called Live, which delivers realtime information on bus departures through a website, a WAPsite, and electronic boards at certain bus stops.

Focused group interviews were used to get in-dept information from commuters of how they perceive Live. Results show that respondents do not use Live website or WAPsite because the information is not worth the effort of use. Commuters question the service because many

buses do not run according to the Live-schedule. Still the commuters say they benefit from Live because it contributes alternative ways of finding departure times, and it presents an overview of departure options. However, if the information is in real-time or not is of

secondary importance.

Article 102 TFEU has been criticised in the past for being too formalistic and lacking in economic analysis. If these comments are true when considering traditional manufacturing industries, then these criticisms are of even more importance when dealing with the high technology markets for it is these markets the determine the future prosperity of Europe. High technology markets are characterised by rapid innovation, a reliance on intellectual property rights and are seen by many as being prone to market failure as a result off inefficient lock-in arising through the economic theory of network effects. As such it is questionable whether traditional means of applying European competition law are suitable in their application to the high technology markets. Tech giants such as Microsoft, Google, Apple and Intel have found themselves in the European Commission's crosshairs. More recently the European Parliament has voted in favour of breaking up Google in response to its alleged anticompetitive conduct. The case against Microsoft and more recently the Commission's investigation into Google provide an ideal starting point upon which to judge whether European competition law, as it is currently interpreted, is suited to deal with the high technology markets. Have the authorities' decisions made any real impact on the way the market operates? Have consumers benefited from their decisions? If the answers to these questions are no, it raises the further questions: what other tools are available when attempting to deal with competition issues within the high technology sectors? The technology sectors present competition law with a unique set of challenges and, with this in mind, the authorities may need to be careful when applying principles that were originally applied to markets that exhibited more 'traditional' economic characteristics.

The increased development of intermittent renewable energy supplies not only demands robust storage technology, but also alternative means to produce materials in ways to avoid fossil fuel consumption and make use of the increasing electricity supply. Power to gas (PtG) through solid oxide cell (SOC) co-electrolysis reactors provide an attractive manner to overcome both challenges. The performance of co-electrolysis reactors for sector coupling purposes was investigated through mathematical models at the stack and system level.The system level model involved the development of an ideal power to methane (PtM) system with no losses in the auxiliary units and ideal SOC operation. This model was used to determine the maximum achievable efficiencies independent of technology, for a co-electrolysis and steam electrolysis based PtM in two different schemes: atmospheric SOC with pressurised methanation reactor and equal pressure between the SOC and methanation reactor. The performance of the system was analysed through the exergy method for different operating temperatures and pressures. The system was designed to be completely coupled, where the heat generated by one process was usable for another. Functional exergy efficiency was one of the main performance criteria used for comparison. It was found that for an ideal system, co-electrolysis operation was marginally beneficial over steam electrolysis at the system level based on exergetic efficiency. This is further compounded when considering the product yield, where the co-electrolysis systems outperform the steam electrolysis systems significantly.The stack level model involved introducing a new modelling framework based on fundamental charge transfer interactions to modify a transient steam/𝐻𝐻2 based SOC reactor modelled with Modelica at the DLR. This also involved modifying the reversible potential model to account for co-electrolysis as well as novel implementation of the DGM for co-electrolysis. The model was validated against experimental results of steady state operation for 1.4bar, 4bar and 8bar and feed gas compositions of 60% steam, 30% 𝐶𝐶𝑂𝑂2 and 10% 𝐻𝐻2; and 45% steam, 45% 𝐶𝐶𝑂𝑂2 and 10% 𝐻𝐻2 by volume. The model results agree with the experimental results. Further analysis of the reactor under co-electrolysis operation was performed. The 𝐶𝐶𝑂𝑂2 consumption mechanism was investigated as well as various electrochemical and thermal phenomena, to understand the operating behaviour of co-electrolysis stacks and to obtain general trends in operation with different operating conditions. The SOC reactor model was also used to predict the reactor behaviour under elevated pressure operation outside of the validation scope. Elevated pressure operation reduced polarisation overpotentials and ohmic resistance due to higher methanation rate, this led to lower cell voltages at high operating current densities thereby reducing the power demand compared to the lower pressure operation. However, the higher methanation rate led to higher methane content in the reactor outlet.The trends with pressure and temperature in the stack model were used to determine the theoretical limits of the PtM system with a state-of-the-art reactor. Invariable efficiencies were applied to the auxiliary units as average efficiencies to consider a wide range of equipment efficiencies. The system performance was analysed for different operating temperatures, pressures, current densities, and stack active areas. System and stack performance increased with temperature, while pressure had marginal impact on system performance but reasonable impact on the stack performance especially for lower auxiliary unit efficiency. The system and stack performance decreased with current density while increasing the SOC area resulted in higher efficiencies to nearly ideal, for constant flow rates.The results of the models suggest that SOC based co-electrolysis reactors provide an attractive method for sector coupling purposes. The exergy method provided a broad method to analyse and compare different systems. More research is required, especially on the thermal aspects of SOC reactor and 𝐶𝐶𝑂𝑂2 consumption mechanisms in co-electrolysis reactors.
Den ökade utvecklingen av förnybara energikällor kräver inte bara pålitlig lagringsteknik utan också alternativa sätt att producera material på sätt att undvika fossila bränsleförbrukningar och använda sig av den ökande elförsörjningen. Kraft till gas (PtG) genom fasta oxidceller (SOC) samelektrolysreaktorer ger ett attraktivt sätt att övervinna båda utmaningarna. Prestanda hos samelektrolysreaktorer för sektorkopplingsändamål undersöktes genom matematiska modeller på komponent- och systemnivå.Systemnivåmodellen involverade utvecklingen av ett idealiskt kraft-till-metan-system (PtM) utan förluster i hjälpenheterna och idealisk SOC-drift. Denna modell användes för att bestämma de maximalt uppnåbara effektiviteterna oberoende av teknik, för en samelektrolys och ångelektrolysbaserad PtM i två olika scheman: atmosfärisk SOC med trycksatt metaneringsreaktor och lika tryck mellan SOC och metaneringsreaktorn. Systemets prestanda analyserades genom exergimetoden för olika driftstemperaturer och tryck. Systemet var utformat för att vara helt kopplat, där värmen som genereras av en process kunde används vidare. Funktionell energieffektivitet var ett av de viktigaste prestationskriterierna som användes för jämförelse. Det visade sig att för ett idealiskt system var samelektrolysoperation marginellt fördelaktig jämfört med ångelektrolys på systemnivå baserat på exergetisk effektivitet. Detta blandas ytterligare när man överväger produktutbytet, där samelektrolyssystemen överträffar ångelektrolyssystemen avsevärt.Stacknivåmodellen involverade införandet av ett nytt modelleringsramverk baserat på grundläggande laddningsöverföringsinteraktioner för att modifiera en övergående ånga/𝐻𝐻2-baserad SOC-reaktor modellerad med Modelica vid DLR. Detta involverade också modifiering av den reversibla potentiella modellen för att ta hänsyn till samelektrolys samt ny implementering av DGM för samelektrolys. Modellen validerades mot experimentella resultat vid stationärt förhållande för 1,4bar, 4bar och 8bar och matargaskompositioner av 60% ånga, 30% 𝐶𝐶𝑂𝑂2 och 10% 𝐻𝐻2; och 45% ånga, 45% 𝐶𝐶𝑂𝑂2 och 10% 𝐻𝐻2 i volym. Modellresultaten överensstämmer med de experimentella resultaten. Ytterligare analys av reaktorn under samelektrolysoperation utfördes. 𝐶𝐶𝑂𝑂2-förbrukningsmekanismen undersöktes liksom olika elektrokemiska och termiska fenomen, för att förstå driftsbeteendet hos samelektrolysstaplar och för att få generella trender i drift med olika driftsförhållanden. SOC-reaktormodellen användes också för att förutsäga reaktorns beteende under förhöjd tryck utanför valideringsområdet. Förhöjt tryckdrift minskade polariseringsöverpotentialen och ohmskt motstånd på grund av högre metaneringshastighet, vilket ledde till lägre cellspänningar vid höga driftsströmtätheter, vilket minskade effektbehovet jämfört med lägre tryckoperation. Den högre metaneringshastigheten ledde emellertid till högre metanhalt i reaktorutloppet.Trenderna med tryck och temperatur i stackmodellen användes för att bestämma de teoretiska gränserna för PtM-systemet med en toppmodern reaktor. Konstanta verkningsgrader applicerades på hjälpenheterna som genomsnittliga verkningsgrad för att överväga ett brett spektrum av utrustningsverkningsgrad. Systemets prestanda analyserades med avseende på olika driftstemperaturer, tryck, strömtäthet och stack-aktiva områden. Systemets och stackens prestanda ökade med temperaturen, medan trycket hade marginell inverkan på systemets prestanda men rimlig inverkan på stackens prestanda, särskilt för de lägre hjälpaggregatens verkningsgrad. Systemets och stackens prestanda minskade med strömtätheten medan en ökning i SOC yta-resulterade i högre effektivitet till nästan idealisk för konstanta flödeshastigheter.Resultaten av modellerna antyder att SOC-baserade samelektrolysreaktorer ger en attraktiv metod för sektorkoppling. Exergimetoden gav en bred metod för att analysera och jämföra olika system. Mer forskning krävs, särskilt om de termiska aspekterna av SOC-reaktorn och 𝐶𝐶𝑂𝑂2-förbrukningsmekanismerna i samelektrolysreaktorer.

The aim of the dissertation is to examine the mechanisms at work when networks are formed and risk constructions made as bodies encounter frontline technology within the food sector. The concept of technoscience TS, is the link uniting the escalating technology of risk society, rebellious nature and the insidious threats of substances absorbed straight into the metabolism of our bodies through the food that we eat. The TS viewpoint is complemented by a short overview of Beck’s theory about the risk society, in order to explain how research creates risks rather than removing them. The four case studies are all concrete manifestations of technoscience. They are: 1) a study of the alliance between a research company and a bacteria culture, 2) the section about the Gaio controversy and the creation of scientific facts, 3) the case of the scientist and high-ranking official who was sued for defamation of the Danish pig, 4) and finally the scandal of the meat-eating cows. We can observe, aided by Bruno Latour, how particularly in the first two stories, the importance of networks becomes apparent. How network analysis can be a tool for understanding the high-tech development of the food industry in the late 20th century as stories of how scientific claims – or “truths” – are reconstituted and transformed. We are also able to observe how truth is dependent on our own viewpoint, in Donna Haraway’s word it is “situated” or context dependent. The case studies are also examples of the links between body, technology and risk. Because they deal with the food product trade, the link to the body becomes obvious as dangerous food products are absorbed into the body through the food and is spread through the metabolism. The thing that sets risk construction in the use of high-tech production methods in the food trade apart from other areas is the meeting or confrontation between the man-made advanced technology and the limits determined by “nature” through the body. The linking of technology and the human body becomes particularly exciting as we notice that no matter how advanced the technology that has been used to produce a food product, it is still there to be eaten and absorbed by the metabolism of our bodies. In this area of uncertainty the dividing line between the possible and the impossible is fuzzy and changing.

This thesis investigates the development of the Brazilian vaccine industry. This industry has experienced a sharp growth in the last decades supported by public policies and a protected and fast-growing public market. In addition, this development is apparently characterized by continuous processes of technology acquisition, rather than indigenous R&D, as the main source of its technological knowledge, and by other specificities in the vaccine context. The research draws on studies of the dynamics of technological capability building in catching-up industries of latecomer contexts, especially during the transition period when they are approaching the innovation frontier. It also draws on those studies focusing on new directions/paths as an alternative strategy adopted to overcome barriers and disadvantages to develop. It has been argued that the specificities of the Brazilian context and, of the vaccine sector, may be determining a particular pattern of technological accumulation to this industry, and that interpreting its pattern of development may be useful to understand how and if this industry has overcome its constraints to develop. A framework based on linear approaches of catching-up, and that integrates the innovation transition approach was built as a benchmark model for the search for similarities and differences in the pattern of development of this industry. The findings show similarities and new directions in the process of technological accumulation of the industry, suggesting that, more recently, it has actually developed through a distinct pattern. They also show the strong role of the government and its public market as one of the drivers of this new path. Distinct roles of the technology acquisition strategy and a high level of technological capabilities currently developed are also revealed. Finally, they show that the technology acquisition strategy has effectively contributed to the development of this industry and that the constraints to the completion of the transition phase is linked less to technical and scientific issues and more to managerial and policy ones.

La stratégie d'alliance est capitale pour la réussite et la survie des PME des secteurs de hautes technologies (PME-HT). Les partenariats R&D rentrent de plus en plus dans leur business models. Ainsi ce sont bien les PME de ces secteurs qui auraient besoin de développer une capacité d'alliance R&D, dans le sens où c'est une capacité organisationnelle qui permet à l'entreprise de gérer efficacement ses alliances R&D. Or ce concept de capacité d'alliance (CA) est majoritairement étudié dans un contexte de grandes firmes dans la mesure où elles disposent de managers spécialisés en alliances voire de départements alliances. Les PME quant à elles souffrent d'un manque structurel de ressources, notamment de ressources humaines et financières à allouer à l'activité de la gestion des alliances R&D. Pourtant l'innovation dans les secteurs de hautes technologies est portée principalement par les PME actives en gestion des alliances R&D. Notre objectif est d'explorer les pratiques de management des alliances R&D chez ces entreprises afin de répondre à la problématique suivante : Dans quelle mesure une PME de hautes technologies développe-t-elle une capacité d'alliance en R&D ? Nous comptons répondre à cette problématique en comparant les pratiques liées à la capacité d'alliance R&D des grandes firmes rapportées dans la littérature avec celles des PME de notre terrain de recherche. Egalement, nous mobilisons la théorie de la PME afin de lister les spécificités de ce type d'entreprises qui pourraient influencer leur capacité d'alliance. Nous avons étudié les pratiques managériales des PME du secteur des biotechnologies installées dans la région Languedoc-Roussillon. Nous avons sélectionné 20 entreprises parmi les 71 PME de biotechnologies languedocienne. Le critère de sélection a été la performance en matière d'alliances R&D et d'innovation technologique. Nous avons également étudié l'interaction de ces entreprises avec les acteurs du Système Sectoriel d'Innovation (SSI) du LR en ce qui concerne l'activité R&D. En somme, nous avons utilisé la méthode de l'observation non participante et de l'entretien semi-directif (un total de 39 entretiens).Nos résultats montrent que chez les PME-HT il existe deux types de capacité d'alliance en R&D : une CA individuelle et une CA organisationnelle. En l'occurrence dans les plus petites PME-HT seuls quelques individus ont développé cette capacité (dirigeant et responsable R&D. Quant aux autres PME plus âgées et de plus grandes tailles, la connaissance managériale liée à la CA est diffusée et stockée de manière collective dans la mémoire de l'entreprise. A la différence des grandes firmes, et dans les deux cas de figure, ces pratiques restent informelles et non institutionnalisées. Egalement, nous avons mis en évidence l'existence de la fonction informelle de chef de projet d'alliance R&D au sein de ces entreprises. Il s'agit d'un chercheur qui a développé un ensemble de compétences de chef de projet dans un contexte inter-organisationnel. Il s'agit principalement de connaissances en matière de DPI (Droit de Propriété Intellectuelle) et de montage de dossiers de financements publics.Enfin, certains aspects de la gestion des alliances R&D comme la prise de décision collégiale et le recours systématique au contrat comme mode de gouvernance des alliances constituent à nos yeux des facteurs de "dénaturation" de la PME de haute technologie par rapport à l'idéal-type de la PME. Dans un deuxième temps, nous discutons la nature même de la capacité d'alliance des PME de hautes technologies. Nos résultats permettent d'étudier en profondeur le lien entre le niveau individuel et organisationnel d'une capacité organisationnelle
Alliance activity is a common practice in the high technology industries. Managing R&D alliances successfully is a major issue in such industries. Public policy makers in France announced that supporting high technology SMEs in managing their R&D alliances should become a standard practice among national and regional support agencies to business in the field of innovation activities. To contribute toward the goal of enhancing French high technology industries competitiveness we aim to study the R&D alliance management practices of SMEs within such industries. We are interested in the alliance capability of these firms as a strategic capability that allows the organizations to manage their alliances effectively. According to the state of the art, SMEs R&D alliance management practices are different from what you find at large companies. Presumably R&D alliance capability of high technology SMEs is expected to be different from large companies one. This assumption is based on the view that SMEs are characterized by a special organizational context which is different from large companies. Therefore our research problematic is to determine the extent to which, in high technology industries, SMEs develop a specific R&D alliance capability ? We plan to compare the state of the art concerning SMEs alliance capability with large companies' alliance management practices in high technology sectors. We choose to examine in particular the case of biotechnology SMEs because in this industry R&D alliances are very common practices and are critical to the survival of small firms. In order to comply with geographical and institutional embeddedness of innovation activities in this industry, we go one step further and study biotechnology SMEs from Languedoc Roussillon, a region in the south of France. A qualitative study was conducted in order to gather information about biotechnology SMEs practices concerning R&D alliances. We studied 20 companies ranked among the very successful in managing R&D alliances in the Languedoc Roussillon.Our results bring to light two different R&D alliance capability profiles within high technology SMEs : individual R&D alliance capability within smaller companies and organizational alliance capability within bigger SMEs. For the former companies, only some individuals develop managerial knowledge about R&D alliances, the persons in question are the CEO and/or an R&D top manager. They invested an enormous amount of time and resource in learning skills needed for the R&D alliance life cycle, such as project management tools, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), budgeting, etc. The first person to succeed in developing this individual R&D alliance capability is the CEO. As soon as the R&D activity grows, he tries to delegate his authority over the R&D manager or any other top scientist. For this purpose he starts to coach any scientist that showed interest in developing managerial skills. We call this totally informal coaching process “one-on-one learning process”. Within bigger high technology SMEs, there are practices related to a “collective learning process” aiming to spread managerial knowledge to all the R&D team members. It remains non-formal and non-institutionalized process, since there is no managerial knowledge codification. Actually, all the knowledge is stored only in the company oral memory.We showed many differences in managing R&D alliances between SMEs and large firms in the biotechnology industry. However high technology SMEs use formal contracts as the main governance control of the alliance relationship. They are very careful about IPR formal negotiation and management. In addition to that they use project management tools to plan the alliance implementation stage and even include this planning in the alliance contract. This make us reconsider the hypothesis according to which biotechnology SMEs fit to the SME ideal-type in terms of R&D alliance management practices

Why are some high-technology sectors trans-nationally integrated while others are sites of interstate competition? This dissertation explores this question through a comparison of China-U.S. relations in two strategic, high-technology sectors: civil-commercial aircraft manufacture and civil-commercial spacecraft manufacture. Between 1989 and 2009, China-U.S. relations took strikingly different trajectories in these two sectors. In the aircraft sector, the two countries’ industries traded and integrated their activities and their civil agencies cooperated. By contrast, in the space sector, their industries did not trade or integrate, their civil agencies did not cooperate, and the two countries engaged in a form of technological competition. The divergent trajectories taken by China-United States relations in these two sectors are puzzling because both sectors present similar incentives and disincentives for both transnational integration and interstate competition. Theories of international relations do not fully explain this sectoral variation. This research indicates that this variation is traceable to underlying differences in how specialists in each sector, including technical and policy experts, implicitly reason about and represent technologies in general. In both countries, the air and space specialist communities each hold distinct understandings of the relationship between humans and technology. Performing representational practices that reflect these distinct assumptions, aeronautic and space specialists discursively constitute each sector and its technologies as distinct objects of policy, requiring different forms of state action. In air, these include policies adopted by both countries to enhance bilateral trade, industrial partnership, and technical cooperation. In space, these include measures to inhibit bilateral trade and cooperation while preparing for a coming bilateral confrontation.

碩士
國立交通大學
土木工程系所
97
The establishment of science-based industrial park can be foreseen as one of the largest public construction plan. The establishment of the park and clustering of Taiwan- High-tech industries are closely related. This study tries to use the basic data establishment of Taiwan’s High-Tech manucturing sectors. According to the growing process of other industry, to evaluate concentration and agglomeration index of Taiwan industry, and understand the influences of the establishment of the park bought to the industry itself .The way to compute the index includes: 1.Location Quotient : Location quotient: measure the degree of specialization to each regional industry. 2. Ellison and Glaeser Model: use individual firm location choice model, and then join local natural advantage and industry spillover these two parameters to compute the index of geographic concentration to discuss the appearance of industrial geographic concentration. 3. Getis index: a measure of the spatial correlation in the region, then find out Hot-Spot. 1. The geographical concentration level of Taiwan high-tech industry is different, we prove semiconductor agglomeration in hsinchu region by EG index. 2. Tthe size of cooperation influence the level of concentration, it is important to the large size of establishment if the semiconductor and photovoltaic are concentration. 3. The influences of the science park to the six industries are different, especially the Hsinchu science park. 4. In the observation of each area's concentration reasons, the influence in photovoltaic and communication industry is critical.

碩士
國立中興大學
土木工程學系所
107
Resurvey work has always been an important part of cadastral map re-measurement and graphical digital cadastral map integration, for terrain restrictions and poor visibility in high altitude areas.The redundant observation is seriously insufficient. According to the law of error propagation, the accuracy of the traverse will decrease with the increase of the distance and the number of stations. How to reinforce the accuracy of the network adjustment results and the strength of the mesh shape to maintain the quality of subsequent measurement operations and find the weaker areas of the mesh and get more redundant observations in this area as its key factors This study takes the cadastral survey area of Song-Gang section of Ren-Ai Township, Nantou County as an example. The net adjustment result calculated by the traditional graph root measurement method is treated as the correct value. Using e-GNSS RTK positioning technology For the root of the graph where the mesh strength is insufficient and the space is good, the least squares configuration is converted by the six-parameter plane coordinate transformation. Incorporate the angle, distance and other observations of the back-calculation of coordinate values into the weaker areas of the wire mesh and mesh type lacking redundant observations. Exploring whether the changes in its net-type results are applicable to the extremely poorly-performing areas, as a tool for checking results and reinforcing nets. According to the research results, the average number of redundant observations of network adjustment results that lacked redundant observations was 0.14, and there was still a slight gap with the norm should reach 0.3 or more. After the coordinate back calculation is measured by the e-GNSS RTK positioning technology, the distance and angle observations are included in the map root network adjustment. Also with the increase of redundant observations, the average number of redundant observations is obviously 0.47. And the point error ellipse and the individual redundant observations are significantly improved. Therefore, the reliability of the graph root network adjustment results can be increased, and the ability to check other graph root points can be improved.

Dissertação de mestrado em Marketing e Gestão Estratégica
Esta dissertação aborda a inovação tecnológica como elemento de dinamização empresarial, num momento em que é crucial a discussão da capacidade empreendedora, mas também a discussão dos motores da diferenciação. A dissertação analisa a complexidade na relação entre a inovação tecnológica e a dinamização empresarial, através do estudo do caso de uma empresa têxtil. A metodologia de investigação desenvolve-se segundo um protocolo e um modelo de entrevistas que permitem construir um cenário sobre a evolução da empresa. Esta metodologia permite também, face aos conceitos teóricos fundamentais sobre a inovação tecnológica como elemento de dinamização empresarial, avaliar a evolução da empresa ao nível dos modelos e das estratégias de inovação e impactos na sua estrutura organizacional. A dissertação conclui que todo o processo de inovação da empresa estudada assenta numa relação entre os principais factores externos (natureza industrial da região em que a empresa está instalada, o impacto de políticas públicas e os aspectos de globalização associados ao sector automóvel, que é o seu principal cliente) e os factores internos (experiência acumulada, modernização organizacional e tecnológica). Ao serem determinantes para o desempenho da empresa, esses factores contribuíram para a sua dinamização e permitem perceber a importância da inovação tecnológica como factor decisivo para aumento da sua força competitiva. Este estudo permite realçar a complexidade na relação entre a variável inovação tecnológica e a variável dinamização empresarial, mas incide apenas sobre o caso de uma empresa. Assim, a extensão a outras empresas, e a outros enquadramentos empresariais, permitirá recolher mais dados através dos quais se poderá generalizar as conclusões obtidas.
This thesis addresses technological innovation as an entrepreneurial boosting element, at a time where entrepreneurial discussions, but also the discussions of differentiation motors, are crucial. The dissertation analysis the complexity of the relationship between technological innovation and entrepreneurial dynamism, through the case study of a textile company. The methodology research is developed according to a protocol and a model of interviews which allows one to view the scenario of the company's evolution. Given the fundamental theoretical concepts on technological innovation as an element of entrepreneurial dynamism, this methodology also allows the evaluation of the company's evolution in terms of models and strategies for innovation and the impact on its organizational structure. The paper concludes, that the whole process of innovation of the company which was studied, is based on the relationship between the major external factors (the nature of the industrial region where the company is located, the impact of public policies and associated globalization aspects of the automotive sector, which is its main customer) and internal factors (accumulated experience, organizational and technological modernization). As these are determine for the performance of the company, these factors contribute to its dynamism and allow the realization of the importance of technological innovation as a decisive factor for increasing its competitive strength. This study allows us to highlight the complexity of the relationship between technological innovation and entrepreneurial boosting variables, but mainly focuses only on the case of a company. Thus, the extension to other companies and other business frameworks will collect more data in order to generalize these findings.