Journal articles on the topic 'High technology industries Australia'
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1
Upstill, Garrett. "Promoting Australian industry: CSIRO 1949–79." Historical Records of Australian Science 30, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18016.
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This paper addresses the manner in which the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) transferred its technology to Australian industry during the period 1949 to 1979. The analysis is framed within the changing economic and political scene in Australia and the changing expectations for public research organisations such as CSIRO. During the 1950s and 1960s CSIRO gave little direct attention to the processes of technology transfer but instead, following the prevailing wisdom, focused on high quality science and relied on existing extension services and patenting to capture the benefits from its research. This ‘science-push’ approach proved successful for Australia’s rural industries but, with a few exceptions, less so for the country’s secondary industries. By the early 1970s CSIRO faced pressures for change, induced by a tougher economic climate and changing views on the role of public research institutions. A shift toward greater customer relevance in its research would also need to be matched by new thinking about technology transfer.
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Blanco, Juan. "The Making of the City of Knowledge: Urban Planning and High Technology Industries in Melbourne, Australia." International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society 8, no. 2 (2012): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1832-3669/cgp/v08i02/56285.
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Walters, A. D. "Coal Preparation Developments in Indonesia and Australia." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 13, no. 4 (August 1995): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879501300407.
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There is considerable development within the coal processing industries of both Indonesia and Australia. Indonesia is rapidly becoming a major coal producer of thermal coal and there is little need for conventional coal preparation of the generally low ash coal. However, much of Indonesia's lower grade coal is high moisture, high volatile sub-bituminous and new methods of thermal moisture reduction and briquetting will have to be used to increase quality, particularly for export. The coal briquetting industry in Indonesia is also planned to grow dramatically to some 4 M tpy to conserve Indonesia's oil products. Australia's mature coal industry has been carrying out a considerable amount of practical research and development with programmes that will result in improved process control and optimization resulting in increases in yield and better quality control.
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Hartwell, John. "2009 Release of offshore petroleum exploration acreage." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08030.
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John Hartwell is Head of the Resources Division in the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Canberra Australia. The Resources Division provides advice to the Australian Government on policy issues, legislative changes and administrative matters related to the petroleum industry, upstream and downstream and the coal and minerals industries. In addition to his divisional responsibilities, he is the Australian Commissioner for the Australia/East Timor Joint Petroleum Development Area and Chairman of the National Oil and Gas Safety Advisory Committee. He also chairs two of the taskforces, Clean Fossil Energy and Aluminium, under the Asia Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (AP6). He serves on two industry and government leadership groups delivering reports to the Australian Government, strategies for the oil and gas industry and framework for the uranium industry. More recently he led a team charged with responsibility for taking forward the Australian Government’s proposal to establish a global carbon capture and storage institute. He is involved in the implementation of a range of resource related initiatives under the Government’s Industry Action Agenda process, including mining and technology services, minerals exploration and light metals. Previously he served as Deputy Chairman of the Snowy Mountains Council and the Commonwealth representative to the Natural Gas Pipelines Advisory Committee. He has occupied a wide range of positions in the Australian Government dealing with trade, commodity, and energy and resource issues. He has worked in Treasury, the Department of Trade, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Department of Primary Industries and Energy before the Department of Industry, Science and Resources. From 1992–96 he was a Minister Counsellor in the Australian Embassy, Washington, with responsibility for agriculture and resource issues and also served in the Australian High Commission, London (1981–84) as the Counsellor/senior trade relations officer. He holds a MComm in economics, and Honours in economics from the University of New South Wales, Australia. Prior to joining the Australian Government, worked as a bank economist. He was awarded a public service medal in 2005 for his work on resources issues for the Australian Government.
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Crow, J. E., D. M. Parkin, and N. S. Sullivan. "Materials Science in High Magnetic Fields." MRS Bulletin 18, no. 8 (August 1993): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400037726.
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The recent rapid growth in the emerging areas of magnetic and magnet-related materials research and applications has led to worldwide recognition of the increased importance of research and technology using high magnetic fields. New high-field magnet facilities and major upgrades of existing facilities are being planned and implemented by a number of countries, among them Japan, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Great Britain, Poland, Australia, and the United States. Over the next ten years, these developments will advance the state of the art in magnet-related materials science and technologies by a significant quantum jump. Support by many of the national agencies and a strong corporate commitment to stimulate rapid growth in the development of capabilities at higher magnetic fields and in related technologies results in part from an awareness of the impact these technologies will have in developing the new emerging industrial technologies of the 21st century.The Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory (FBNML) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has been one of the pre-eminent facilities in developing and advancing science and technology in high magnetic fields. The new U.S. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) at Florida State University, at the University of Florida, and at Los Alamos National Laboratory builds on the success of existing facilities. NHMFL will provide the necessary environment to develop the next generation of high magnetic fields: 30–50-tesla continuous fields, 60-tesla quasi-continuous fields, and pulsed fields from 60–1,000 tesla. The ability to develop broad user capabilities at these extreme fields is crucial for the advancement of the frontiers of science and of magnet-related industries.
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Bradshaw, J., B. E. Bradshaw, G. Allinson, A. J. Rigg, V. Nguyen, and L. Spencer. "THE POTENTIAL FOR GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION OF CO2 IN AUSTRALIA: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NEW GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT." APPEA Journal 42, no. 1 (2002): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj01002.
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Many industries and researchers have been examining ways of substantially reducing greenhouse gas emissions. No single method is likely to be a panacea, although some options do show considerable promise. Geological sequestration is one option that utilises mature technology and has the potential to sequester large volumes of CO2. This technology may have particular relevance to some of Australia’s major gas resources that are relatively high in CO2. In Australia, geological sequestration has been the subject of research within the Australian Petroleum Cooperative Research Centre’s GEODISC program. A portfolio of potential geological sequestration sites (sinks) has been identified across all sedimentary basins in Australia, and these have been compared with nearby known or potential CO2 emission sources, including natural gas resources. These sources have been identified by incorporating detailed analysis of the national greenhouse gas emission databases with other publicly available data, a process that resulted in recognition of eight regional emission nodes. An earlier generic economic model for geological sequestration in Australia has been updated to accommodate the changes arising from this process of source to sink matching. Preliminary findings have established the relative attractiveness of potential injection sites through a ranking approach. It includes the ability to accommodate the volumes of sequesterable greenhouse gas emissions predicted for the adjacent region, the costs involved in transport, sequestration and ongoing operations, and a variety of technical geological risks. Some nodes with high volumes of emissions and low sequestration costs clearly appear to be suitable, whilst others with technical and economic issues appear to be problematic. This assessment may require further refinement once findings are completed from the GEODISC site-specific research currently underway.
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Thamwattana, Natalie, Michael Meylan, and Anthony John Roberts. "Proceedings of the 2020 Mathematics in Industry Study Group." ANZIAM Journal 62 (December 6, 2022): M89—M111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v62.17406.
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MISG 2020
University of Newcastle, Australia
28 January -- 1 February, 2020
This special Section of the ANZIAM Journal (Electronic Supplement) contains the refereed papers from the 2020 Mathematics and Statistics in Industry Study Group (MISG 2020) held at the University of Newcastle from 28 January -- 1 February 2020. The MISG is a special interest meeting of ANZIAM, the Australia and New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ANZIAM) division of the Australian Mathematics Society. The MISG meetings take place annually and provide a forum where projects proposed by industry can be worked on intensively, by high profile scientists in the fields of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Operations Research, from Australia, New Zealand and the world beyond, along with representatives from the industries proposing the projects.
The writing of these papers was coordinated by the project moderators in consultation with the coauthors and company representatives. The manuscripts were submitted to the editors, Associate Professor Mike Meylan, Professor Ngamta Thamwattana and Professor Tony Roberts, and were subsequently refereed by two expert referees. On the advice of the referees, manuscripts were accepted for publication, subject to the recommended revisions, and formally approved by the editorial committee.
At MISG 2020, six projects were presented from diverse industries, with 78 delegates participating.
Industry Partners
We gratefully acknowledge the support of our industry partners:
Lovells Springs;
Safearth;
Concrush;
Hyper Q Aerospace.
Acknowledgements
In addition to our industry partners, we gratefully acknowledge support from the following organisations:
ANZIAM;
Office of the NSW Chief Scientist \& Engineer, Department of Industry, NSW Government;
Priority Research Centre: Computer Assisted Research Mathematics and its Applications, The University of Newcastle;
Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle.
We are also grateful to Professor Ryan Loxton from the Centre for Optimisation and Decision Science, Curtin University, for giving a public lecture on power of optimisation research in mining, energy, and agriculture industries, as part of the MISG's outreach event and acknowledge the support from the Hunter Branch of the Royal Society of NSW in promoting the public lecture. We are also grateful to Professor Mark McGuinness (Victoria University of Wellington), Professor Troy Farrell (Queensland University of Technology), Associate Professor Amie Albrecht (University of South Australia) and Dr Neville Fowkes (University of Western Australia) for their helpful advice and comments in organising the MISG 2020.
MISG2020 Organising Committee
Professor Ngamta Thamwattana (Co-Director)
Associate Professor Mike Meylan (Co-Director)
Mrs Juliane Turner (Administrative Support)
Dr David Allingham (Technical Support)
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Biswas, T. K., F. R. Higginson, and I. Shannon. "Effluent nutrient management and resource recovery in intensive rural industries for the protection of natural waters." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 2 (July 1, 1999): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0076.
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Intensive rural industry is developing rapidly in parts of inland Australia. The usually nutrient and salt rich effluent from these sources has traditionally been disposed to both land and water bodies. Since direct water discharge is no longer permitted, a challenge now exists when applying effluent to land especially where the rate of application exceeds crop requirements. Effluent of high volume and concentration of nutrients and/or salts can easily contaminate land and water resources. Predicting the optimum rate of land application of effluent is complicated by the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils. This paper addresses the characteristics of effluents from various intensive rural industries and their potential environmental impacts when irrigated to agricultural land in New South Wales, Australia. To assess the environmental sustainability of effluent reuse in land application, a mathematical model (ERIM) has been developed based on a monthly water balance. ERIM includes historical rainfall and evaporation; the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus introduced; their yearly removal by plants to be grown; amount of applied organic matter; and water holding capacity of soil.
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Harris, Zoe M., and Yiannis Kountouris. "Vertical Farming as a Game Changer for BECCS Technology Deployment." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 8193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198193.
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report that to limit warming to 1.5 °C, Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) is required. Integrated assessment models (IAMS) predict that a land area between the size of Argentina and Australia is required for bioenergy crops, a 3–7 time increase in the current bioenergy planting area globally. The authors pose the question of whether vertical farming (VF) technology can enable BECCS deployment, either via land sparing or supply. VF involves indoor controlled environment cultivation, and can increase productivity per unit land area by 5–10 times. VF is predominantly being used to grow small, high value leafy greens with rapid growth cycles. Capital expenditure, operational expenditure, and sustainability are challenges in current VF industries, and will affect the ability to utilise this technology for other crops. The authors argue that, whilst challenging, VF could help reach wider climate goals. Application of VF for bioenergy crops could be a game changer in delivering BECCS technologies and may reduce the land footprint required as well as the subsequent associated negative environmental impacts. VF bioenergy could allow us to cultivate the future demand for bioenergy for BECCS on the same, or less, land area than is currently used globally.
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Vines, Prue, Anthony Song, Matthew Priestley, and Elias Aboutanios. "Predicting Bearing Fault in the Drone Freight Industry: Legal Liability in Australia." Journal of Air Law and Commerce 87, no. 2 (2022): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/jalc.87.2.4.
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Many people are now aware of drones or remotely piloted aircraft (RPAs), and several others have predicted the significant impacts that drones will bring across society. Today, there is an expectation that drones will play a pivotal role in industries such as surveillance, security, surveying, construction, and freight transport. However, in all these cases, whenever a drone is flying over a populated area, it poses a danger to people or things on the ground. Perhaps the sector where the greatest risk of injury to the everyday person exists is the drone delivery industry. The drone freight industry is proliferating fast, with many companies like Skycart and Amazon investing in this sector. These companies plan to transport groceries, medical supplies, food, and par- cels, among many other things. If fleets of delivery drones are deployed around suburbs, the descent to lower altitudes and the general logistics of an airborne delivery presents a novel risk of harm. A drone failure resulting in a crash could lead to property damage, destruction of natural environments, and injury or death to persons, especially in areas of high population density. One promising way to prevent such harm is to use structural condition monitoring technology to preempt any deterioration of the airworthiness of a drone. In the absence of any existing precedent or authority on this, this Article investigates the legal implications of using such technology to guide future regulations and areas of research.
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Drikas, M., J. Y. Morran, C. Pelekani, C. Hepplewhite, and D. B. Bursill. "Removal of natural organic matter - a fresh approach." Water Supply 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0009.
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Natural organic matter (NOM) has been shown to be one of the major parameters that affects water quality and treatment processes. NOM reduces the effectiveness of water treatment by interfering with the flocculation process, makes treatment with activated carbon and membrane filtration less efficient and is a precursor to the formation of disinfectant by-products (DBP). Furthermore, NOM acts as a food source for micro-organisms resulting in bacterial regrowth in distribution systems. These concerns have resulted in the removal of NOM from raw water being of prime concern for water authorities. The elevated levels of NOM in Australian water supplies have resulted in priority being given to research into methods of removing NOM by the Australian Water Quality Centre (AWQC). Early work showed that some types of anion exchange resins were very effective for NOM removal and that while resin column systems were rapidly fouled by waters with high concentration of suspended matter, a stirred system had no such limitation. This lead to the development of a resin with a high adsorptive capacity for NOM by the Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in collaboration with the AWQC which will be manufactured under licence by Orica Australia Pty Ltd. This resin then formed the basis for a novel process for NOM removal developed by the AWQC in collaboration with Orica Australia Pty Ltd. Both the MIEX® resin and process have been patented internationally. This paper outlines the process, gives examples of some of the benefits and provides recent results from an operating pilot plant with a capacity 160 kL/day.
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Zahiri, Saden H., Stefan Gulizia, and Leon Prentice. "An Overview of Cold Spray Additive Technology in Australia for Melt-less Manufacture of Titanium." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032103011.
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The difficulty in significantly reducing the cost of titanium products is partly related to the high cost of manufacturing. This includes additive manufacturing; e.g. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM), as well as traditional approaches that are based on a melting process. In particular, the cost of titanium powder has placed limits on the application of additive manufacturing approaches that involve melting to broader commercial applications beyond military, aerospace and implants. More than a decade ago, Australia adopted cold spray technology as a meltless additive manufacturing technique to fabricate titanium through a strategic initiative at Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The high deposition rate, ~100 times faster than the other additive technologies, and the solid state deposition were amongst the rationales for investment in cold spray technology. A combination of carefully designed experiments and sophisticated 3D models were developed to assess performance of the current industrial-scale cold spray systems for commercial clients. The success and challenges of this solid state deposition technology will be detailed with a focus on real industrial impact. The future development of melt-less titanium manufacturing using cold spray will be discussed with consideration of commercial and environmental benefits.
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Greenway, Margaret, and John S. Simpson. "Artificial wetlands for wastewater treatment, water reuse and wildlife in Queensland, Australia." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1996): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0678.
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Queensland, Australia has a subtropical-tropical climate with dry winters and wet monsoonal summers. Arid climatic conditions prevail inland with hot dry days and cold nights. The climatic conditions are conducive to high plant growth rates and hence offer great potential for constructed wetlands for water pollution control. The water (a scarce resource during the dry season and in arid regions) can also be used to irrigate crops, playing fields, parks and gardens or golf courses. The water discharged from the wetlands is also of an acceptable quality to flow into estuarine and riverine environments. Many natural wetlands are only seasonally inundated and during the dry season wildlife has to seek alternative refuges. Artificial wetlands receiving sewage effluent provide permanent wildlife habitats and improve the landscape amenity. The Queensland government's Department of Primary Industries has initiated an Artificial Wetlands for Water Pollution Research Program. Under this scheme 10 experimental pilot artificial wetlands have been established and a further 6 university research projects are being conducted on various aspects of artificial wetlands including nutrient and heavy metal uptake and bioavailability in wetland plants, sediment biogeochemistry and mass balances. One gold mine rehabilitation project has an artificial wetland to treat mine leachate. This paper presents 3 case studies which include significant results with respect to wastewater polishing and re-use.
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Carpenter, Chris. "JIP Focuses on Equipment Reliability in Subsea Production Systems." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 08 (August 1, 2022): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0822-0058-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30219, “SEAR JIP: A Success Story of Collaboration and How To Improve Equipment Reliability on Subsea Production Systems,” by Adriana Botto, Wood; Manish Tomar, Chevron; and Stuart Ferrier, ConocoPhillips, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. The Subsea Equipment Australia Reliability (SEAR) joint industry project (JIP) is a partnership led by Wood with participation from a group of operators including Chevron Australia, ConocoPhillips, Inpex, Santos, Shell Australia, and Woodside. Now delivering Phase 6, the JIP is focused on collaboration and knowledge-sharing to improve the competitiveness of Australia’s oil and gas industry by addressing critical challenges associated with premature subsea-equipment failure. The complete paper provides an overview of the JIP and outlines lessons learned and value created. Background The SEAR JIP was initiated in 2014 with an aim of generating significant cost savings by improving subsea-equipment reliability and design for Australian operations, a goal best achieved through collaboration and knowledge-sharing. A reliability database was developed to collect offshore-operations failure information from SEAR members. The database provides a low-cost/high-value method of capturing lessons learned for subsea-equipment performance in Australia. A complementary test program, Transforming Australian Subsea Equipment Reliability (TASER), is under way to model innovative technologies under variable environments to validate equipment advancements. Phase 6 of the JIP aims to continue populating the reliability database while addressing two major industry challenges: the effect of marine fouling affecting equipment operability, and unwanted gas in subsea controls umbilicals. The outcome of this phase should provide opportunities for standardization, life extension, and development of new technologies. The JIP plans to issue an industry recommended practice in 2022 harnessing the lessons learned. This recommended practice will identify root causes of equipment failure and recommend material selection and mechanical design requirements for different environmental conditions. This will enable an improvement in equipment availability and a reduction in operating expenditures by minimizing offshore intervention to address failed equipment.
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Wang, L., and S. J. Khan. "Enantioselective analysis and fate of polycyclic musks in a water recycling plant in Sydney (Australia)." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 10 (February 21, 2014): 1996–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.095.
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Synthetic polycyclic musks (PCMs) Galaxolide (HHCB), Tonalide (AHTN), Phantolide (AHDI), Traseolide (ATII) and Cashmeran (DPMI) are chiral chemicals that are commonly used in washing product industries as racemic mixtures. The major source of PCMs in municipal wastewater is from personal care and household products. Recent studies have shown that PCMs may enhance the relative toxicity of other environmental chemicals by inhibiting cellular xenobiotic defence systems. High sensitivity enantioselective analysis of these compounds enables improved characterisation of the environmental persistence and fate of PCMs, distinguishing between individual enantiomers so that a more complete understanding of environmental risks tributed by individual enantiomers may be obtained. Concentrations of PCMs through the various treatment stages of an advanced water recycling plant in Sydney were investigated to assess the removal of these chemicals. Average concentrations of HHCB, AHTN, AHDI, ATII and DPMI in influent were: 2,545, 301, 2, 5 and 33 ng L−1, respectively. In the final effluent, AHDI, ATII and DPMI were not detected, while HHCB and AHTN were still measured at concentrations of 21 and 2 ng L−1. No significant enantioselective transformation was detected during biological or advanced treatment processes.
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Entwistle, K. W., L. J. Cummins, M. A. Hillard, J. E. Kinder, T. O'Shea, L. R. Piper, J. Thimonier, and J. F. Wilkins. "Bernard Michael Bindon — reproductive physiologist, animal scientist, research leader." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 2 (2006): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05222.
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This paper is a foreword to a series of papers commissioned on ‘the impact of science on the beef industry’, where the Beef CRC-related collaborative scientific work of Professor Bernard Michael Bindon will be reviewed. These papers will be presented in March 2006, as part of a ‘festschrift’ to recognise his wider contributions to the Australian livestock industries for over 40 years. Bindon’s career involved basic and applied research in many areas of reproductive physiology, genetics, immunology, nutrition, meat science and more recently genomics, in both sheep and cattle. Together with his collaborators, he made large contributions to animal science by improving the knowledge of mechanisms regulating reproductive functions and in elucidating the physiology and genetics of high fecundity livestock. His collaborative studies with many colleagues of the reproductive biology and genetics of the Booroola Merino were amongst the most extensive ever conducted on domestic livestock. He was instrumental in the development of immunological techniques to control ovulation rate and in examining the application of these and other techniques to increase beef cattle reproductive output. This paper tracks his investigations and achievements both within Australia and internationally. In the later stages of his career he was the major influence in attracting a large investment in Cooperative Research Centres for the Australian cattle industry, in which he directed a multi-disciplinary approach to investigate, develop and disseminate science and technology to improve commercial cattle productivity.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Technical Solution Improves Safety, Efficiency of Well Construction Offshore Australia." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1021-0046-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202353, “Drilling-Performance and Risk-Management Optimization Offshore Australia: Improving Overall Safety and Efficiency of the Well-Construction Process,” by Chandrasekhar Kirthi Singam, Farshid Hafezi, and Clyde Rebello, Schlumberger, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Perth, Australia, 20–22 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The emergence of real-time well construction performance-monitoring centers has improved the service delivery for operators across numerous offshore oil fields in Australia significantly. The complete paper details new technologies and work flows implemented for three Australian offshore wells, with the primary objective of improving drilling efficiency while managing associated risks. Additional objectives included optimizing daily operational performance, thus delivering time savings for the operator and highlighting areas of possible improvements. Introduction The paper describes a successful drilling campaign in a challenging field in the Timor Sea. It describes how data analysis, risk evaluation, and real-time performance monitoring can be influential in saving rig time and project success. As part of this project, a major operator in Australia decided to perform an infill drilling campaign involving three high-angle directional wells (J type) in a saturated, complex field. The campaign design stage was initiated in 2017 with a main objective of delivering the project within authority-for-expenditure (AFE) budget and with planning for all potential challenges. Technical Overview The technical solution (Fig. 1) was deployed using drilling-interpretation software and executed its work flows to achieve the required objectives.
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Al-Ansary, Hany. "Prospects for Use of Solar Thermal Energy in High-Temperature Process Heat Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (January 2016): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.16.
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Concentrating solar power is a family of solar energy technologies that have been used for decades to produce power. These technologies have a unique advantage, which is the ability to store thermal energy for prolonged periods of time such that stable and dispatchable energy can be provided to the electricity grid. However, concentrating solar power has been recently losing market share to photovoltaic technology due to the former’s significantly higher initial cost. There are many efforts worldwide to develop innovative solutions that reduce the cost and/or increase efficiency of concentrating solar power systems. However, concentrating solar thermal energy already has great promising area of application that is still largely unexplored, and that is high-temperature industrial process heat. This study attempts to make the case for using concentrating solar thermal energy in process heat applications by examining the economic feasibility (represented by the levelized cost of energy) for three scenarios of deployment, where the temperature levels are 400°C, 550°C, and 700°C, respectively. The first scenario uses parabolic trough collectors, while the second uses a central receiver system, both with 12 hours of molten salt storage. The third scenario uses a central receiver system that employs the innovative falling particle receiver concept to push the operating limit to 700°C, and silica sand is used to store thermal energy for 12 hours. The location chosen for this analysis is Alice Springs, Australia, due to its high direct normal irradiance and the presence of mining industries in its vicinity. The analysis shows that all three scenarios have a lower levelized cost of energy when compared to natural gas. To further confirm these findings, the analysis needs to be extended to other locations to account for different solar resources and different economic constraints.
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Gauthier, Jean-Francois. "Satellite monitoring of fugitive methane emissions from oil and gas facilities in Australia." APPEA Journal 60, no. 2 (2020): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19071.
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Since 2016, GHGSat has been operating the world’s first and only satellite specifically designed to monitor methane emissions from industrial facilities around the world. The lessons learned through the success of this demonstration satellite have been incorporated into the company’s next two satellites, the first of which was originally scheduled to launch in September 2019 but was delayed as a result of a rocket failure. The satellite’s technology is ideally suited to the oil and gas industry, particularly unconventional developments in which a high density of facilities can be present. This paper introduces the technology briefly and discusses the predictive analytics applications being developed to augment the efficacy of the satellites in detecting methane emissions. An example of successful application of the predictive analytics engine to detect a methane leak in the Delaware Basin in New Mexico is presented. Parallels are drawn between shale basins in the US and the Surat Basin in Australia, highlighting the applicability of the technology for the oil and gas industry in Australia.
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Profaiser, Andrea, Woei Saw, Graham J. Nathan, and Philip Ingenhoven. "Bottom-Up Estimates of the Cost of Supplying High-Temperature Industrial Process Heat from Intermittent Renewable Electricity and Thermal Energy Storage in Australia." Processes 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061070.
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We report the upper and lower bounds for the levelized cost of high-temperature industrial process heat, supplied from electricity generated with solar-photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines in combination with either thermal or electric battery storage using hourly typical meteorological year (TMY) data, in systems sized to supply between 80% and 100% of continuous thermal demand at a site in the northern part of Western Australia. The system is chosen to supply high-temperature air as the heat transfer media at temperatures of 1000 °C, which is a typical temperature for an alumina or a lime calcination plant. A simplified model of the electrical energy plant has been developed using performance characteristics of real PV and wind systems and TMY data of renewable energy resources. This was used to simulate a large sample of possible system configurations and find the optimal combination of the renewable resources and storage systems, sized to provide renewable shares (RES) of between 80% and 100% of the yearly demand. This allowed the upper and lower bounds to be determined for the cost of heat based on two scenarios in which the excess energy is either dumped (upper bound) or exported to the electricity grid (lower bound) at the average generating cost. The lower bound of the levelized cost of energy (LCOEL), which occurs for the system employing thermal storage, was estimated to range from USD 10/GJ to USD 24/GJ for RES from 80 to 100%. The corresponding upper bound (LCOEU), also estimated for the system using thermal storage, are between USD 16/GJ and USD 31/GJ, for RES between 80% and 100%. The utilization of electric battery storage instead of thermal storage was found to increase the LCOE values by a factor of two to four depending on the share of renewable energy. Compared with current Australian natural gas cost, none of the systems assessed configurations is economical without either a cost for CO2 emissions or a premium for low-carbon products. The estimated cost for CO2 emission that is needed to reach parity with current natural gas prices in Australia is also presented.
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Ip-Soo-Ching, Jean Marie, Suzanne Zyngier, and Tahmid Nayeem. "Ecotourism and environmental sustainability knowledge: An open knowledge sharing approach among stakeholders." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 35, no. 01 (December 19, 2018): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2018.45.
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AbstractThe discipline of knowledge management (KM) considers knowledge as potentially the most valuable organisational asset that must be shared among staff and stakeholders and even communities in order to yield considerable returns and benefits. However, in a real-world context, managers in industries such as high technology, manufacturing and finance jealously guard their valuable knowledge and prevent other entities from gaining access to this resource. Open cases of knowledge sharing among stakeholders such as staff, customers, business partners, competitors and the public are rare. Therefore, the philosophical premise of KM — knowledge must be openly shared — is often unrealised. Knowledge of environmental sustainability is a valuable resource for ecotourism operators because they operate in natural environments such as the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and Sipadan Marine Park in Malaysia, and depend on the quality of these environments for their ongoing success. This research provides evidence that knowledge dissemination in the form of environmental sustainability knowledge can be openly shared among staff, customers, competitors and the public, thereby linking KM and environmental education. This article provides an interpretivist analysis of knowledge sharing by innovative ecotourism operators in Australia and South East Asia (Malaysia and Thailand). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 executives, field observations and analysis of company documents. Results from this research found that ecotourism managers are passionate believers of environmental sustainability and benevolently share their valuable organisational knowledge and beliefs with all stakeholders.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Technology Focus: Extended-Reach and Complex Wells (May 2021)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 05 (May 1, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0521-0058-jpt.
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In selecting papers for this feature, reviewer Stéphane Menand of Helmerich and Payne has identified a trio of papers that investigates new approaches toward familiar issues encountered when drilling complex well types. Whether considering the customization of drilling approaches in Middle Eastern carbonate reservoirs, implementing a collaborative work flow in tackling high-tortuosity wells offshore Western Australia, or researching the ability of a fibrous material to effect hole cleaning as opposed to polymeric sweeps, the authors of these papers understand that technical expertise may not be completely realized if it is not applied to problems in original ways. In carbonate reservoirs, the goal of drilling extended-reach wells is set against the geological makeup of such formations, the complexity of which adds significant uncertainty to geosteering and well placement. The authors of paper SPE 203335 develop a work flow that makes possible the customization of drilling scenarios through an emphasis on mechanical specific energy, as well as the use of an optimized borehole-assembly design. The work flow helped deliver what the authors write is the longest well in the Middle East offshore Abu Dhabi. In a similar vein, the authors of paper SPE 202251 describe a challenging scenario involving an ultraextended-reach well in a mature field offshore Western Australia. The project overcame shallow water depth and a high tortuosity requirement by implementing an integrated plan that used a reservoir-mapping-while-drilling service. The authors stress that this technology, coupled with active collaboration between specialists, town, and rig site, allowed the project to achieve the desired oil-column thickness with zero collision incidents. Highly deviated wells often face problems resulting from ineffective hole cleaning. Paper SPE 203147 studies the properties of a fibrous material when compared with the hole-cleaning performance of common polymeric pills. The authors write that the fibrous material proved effective, in part because of a unique characteristic in which a spiderweb-like network of fibers is created that does not allow cuttings to settle easily in complex wells. In addition, the material is environmentally friendly. All three papers approach well- established problems in the critical industry sector of extended-reach drilling with innovation and confidence. Enjoy the papers and be sure to search SPE’s OnePetro online library for more fresh approaches to the technical challenges posed by these well types. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 196410 - Analysis of Friction-Reduction System During Drilling Operation at a High-Inclination Well on Field X by Rizqiana Mudhoffar, Tanri Abeng University, et al. SPE 197257 - Successful Management of Collision Risk in an Extended-Reach Well by Manchukarn Naknaka, Mubadala Petroleum, et al. SPE 202730 - Challenges in Drilling and Completion of Extended-Reach-Drilling Wells With Landing Point Departure of More Than 10,000 ft in Light/Slim Casing Design by Nitheesh Kumar Unnikrishnan, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, et al.
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Hasan, Kazi N., Daniel Court, Rod Curtis, Sumukh Kashyap, Sava Jankovic, Aderajew Asayhe, AbdulRahman AlAbdali, and Marcos Anastassiou. "Operating cost reduction by electricity profiling and demand management." Water Practice and Technology 15, no. 4 (August 10, 2020): 921–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2020.074.
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Abstract Like many other industries, water utilities use a high amount of electricity to operate water and wastewater treatment plants and incur a large percentage of their operating cost as electricity bills. This study investigates the electricity usage profile of a water utility and employs demand management strategies for cost reduction. Two cost reduction strategies are verified in this research – (i) fixed price contract, and (ii) electricity time-of-use shifting. An illustrative case study has been presented with two years of interval data from eight selected sites of an Australian/Victorian water utility. The study results suggest that by employing the demand management strategies, up to 22% cost reduction could be achieved from annual electricity bills. The study recognizes that the solution could be customized for each individual site based on the site-specific electricity usage profile.
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Reed, K. F. M. "Perennial pasture grasses—an historical review of their introduction, use and development for southern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 8 (2014): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13284.
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The development and use of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum Darbysh.) in the high-rainfall zone and the wheat–sheep zone is reviewed through the pastoral era of extensive grazing (from European settlement to ~1930), the expansive era of pasture improvement (1930–80) and in the modern era. Their adoption, in conjunction with inoculated clover seed, rose steadily in specifically Australian systems of animal production, designed with an appreciation of the environment, and aided by technical developments such as single-disc and aerial spreaders for mineral fertiliser, chemical fallowing and direct-drilling. These species remain vital contributors to the competitive productivity of Australia’s cattle and sheep industries. Perennial ryegrass (~6 Mha by 1994) and cocksfoot emerged as the most important after a wide range of species was introduced through the 19th Century; many of these became naturalised. Regional strains of perennial ryegrass were subsequently selected for commercialisation in Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania. In the modern era, persistent ecotypes were harnessed to breed persistent cultivars. Vision to both improve grass persistence and extend the area of adaptation encouraged the adoption of phalaris (~2.7 Mha by 2009) and, to a lesser extent, early-flowering types of cocksfoot and tall fescue, particularly for the marginal-rainfall, wheat–sheep zone. The sowing of grass and clover seed expanded after the wide adoption of superphosphate, which became recognised as essential for correcting the severe deficiency of soil phosphorus and nitrogen associated with ancient, intensely weathered soils. The initial and dramatic response of clover to superphosphate increased farm revenue, so fostering a phase in which perennial grasses could be successfully sown, due to having the benefit of (biologically fixed) nitrogen. The influence of European practice, agricultural societies, the Welsh Plant Breeding Station, CSIRO, universities, state Departments of Agriculture, collaborative arrangements and individuals that nurtured and managed pasture technology, plant breeding, cultivar registration and evaluation are outlined. Future considerations emerging from the review include monitoring the national pasture inventory, promotion of the great potential for increasing livestock carrying capacity, cultivar discrimination and information, relevance of models, and national coordination of collaborative research.
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Wallace, Anthony F. C. "Technology in Culture: The Meaning of Cultural Fit." Science in Context 8, no. 2 (1995): 293–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700002039.
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The ArgumentThe thesis of this paper is that there are three basic processes by which a technological innovation is fitted into an existing culture: (1) Rejection, in situations where all interested groups are satisfied with a traditional technology and reject apparently superior innovations because they would force unwanted changes in technology and ideology; (2) Acceptance, in situations where a new technology is embraced by all because it appears to serve the same social and ideological functions as an inferior, or inoperative, traditional technology; and (3) — most commonly in complex societies — conflict over acceptance or rejection, in situations where a new technology introduced or proposed by one group, who perceive it as advancing their interests, is resisted by another group, who perceive it as threatening their welfare. A traditional tripartite concept of culture is employed, distinguishing technology, social organization, and ideology. Four case studies are introduced to illuminate the issue: the Thonga tribesmen of Mozambique, whose occupation as gold and diamond miners at first suited perfectly the requirements of the Thonga lineage and marriage system; the Yir Yoront of Australia, an aboriginal group who found that the steel axe introduced by whites disrupted the patriarchal status system and confounded their mythology; the Senecas, an American Indian tribe that for generations rejected male plow agriculture because their way of life was organized around female horticulture, but who took up male agriculture at the urging of a prophet when traditional male roles disintegrated on the reservation; and the anthracite miners and mine operators of nineteenth-century Pennsylvania, who discovered that fundamental changes in both social organization and ideology were needed in order to cope with catastrophically high rates of industrial accidents attendant on the new system of deep-shaft mining.
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Solley, David, Bradley Rhodes, Mark Hordern, and Annalie Roux. "Pretreatment for micro- or ultra-filtration/reverse osmosis water reuse: experience from Mid-Eastern Australia." Water Practice and Technology 8, no. 3-4 (September 1, 2013): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2013.055.
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In the past decade, six micro- or ultra-filtration/reverse osmosis (RO) reuse treatment plants, ranging in capacity from 4 to 100 ML/d, have been constructed in South East Queensland, Australia. The plants produce water for a variety of purposes, from industrial use through to indirect potable reuse. The feed water for all these reuse plants is wastewater treated to a secondary biological nutrient removal standard with secondary clarification only. Two different pretreatment approaches have been adopted ahead of the membrane processes, with varying objectives and success. These pretreatment approaches fall into two broad process types; those that directly feed treated wastewater onto the MF or UF (without pretreatment other than micro-screening), and those with chemical clarification pretreatment prior to MF or UF. The reuse plants that include pretreatment ahead of MF/RO are designed to maximise the production of reuse water from the available wastewater. As a result, the recovery adopted is 82%, resulting in 83 to 85% recovery being required from the three-stage RO process. In comparison, the reuse plants that have no pretreatment prior to MF/RO generally operate at lower RO recovery of about 75%. The paper examines the design, performance and operational experience of these two different water reuse treatment plant types. Chemical clarification pretreatment provides stable operation of high recovery RO processes, with low CIP requirements. However, these processes may require design and operation that is outside normal practice. In comparison, the operation of reuse plants without pretreatment has resulted in lower RO and plant recovery rates being adopted, and potentially higher RO CIP requirements. Long-term operation appears possible, with low maintenance requirements for the MF system. Routine chemical cleans of both the MF/UF and RO membranes at these smaller plants, may lead to improved process performance.
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Carpenter, Chris. "New Monoethylene-Glycol Sensor Validated by Flow Loop Under Hydrate-Forming Conditions." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 08 (August 1, 2021): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0821-0049-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202375, “Validation of a Novel MEG Sensor Employing a Pilot-Scale Subsea Jumper,” by Asheesh Kumar, The University of Western Australia; Mauricio Di Lorenzo, SPE, CSIRO Energy; and Bruce W.E. Norris, SPE, The University of Western Australia, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Perth, Australia, 20–22 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Online pipeline-management systems provide real-time and look-ahead functionality for production networks. They are limited, however, by a dearth of data with which to inform their predictions. This represents a barrier to a true, high-fidelity digital twin. Greater integration with new sensor technologies is needed to bound model predictions and improve their reliability. In this work, the authors present a novel monoethylene-glycol (MEG) sensing system and validate it in a specially constructed flow loop. Introduction Subsea jumpers experience a high probability of hydrate blockages. The most common practice used to avoid hydrate formation in subsea wellhead jumpers essentially is based on the injection of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors such as MEG and methanol at high flow rates to flush out and inhibit the water pooled in the low spots of the jumper spools. Such hydrate management operations in deep water require adequate planning to minimize unproductive time and may not be feasible in unplanned well shutdowns. To improve the models implemented in current sensing technologies and explore their potential for new functionalities to detect hydrate formation, measurements under realistic field conditions in a controlled environment are vital. In this work, a flow loop that replicates the geometry of industrial subsea jumpers was deployed to investigate the performance of a new MEG sensor for subsea applications under hydrate-forming conditions. Preliminary baseline experiments were performed at steady state and during gas-restart operations in the absence of any hydrates in the jumper flow loop. Experiments were performed at 64.4°F with nitrogen (N2) gas at 1,200 psig and superficial gas velocity ranges from 0.82 to 2.88 ft/s. The MEG-sensing system’s performance was investigated under hydrate-forming conditions with and without MEG (10–30 wt% in water) in the jumper test section. These experiments were performed at temperatures ranging from 25.2 to 35.6°F. Experimental Flow Loop The flow loop consists of a test section connected to independent gas and liquid injection equipment at the inlet and gas-separation facilities at the outlet, which allows for continuous recirculation of gas and a once-through pass of the liquid. The test section has a complex geometry, with three identical low points (LPs) and two high points. The horizontal length of each low and high points is 12 ft, 10 in., and 7 ft, 7 in., respectively, and total height is 13 ft, 2 in. The test section is equipped with 12 pressure and temperature sensors distributed at regular intervals, a MEG sensor at the second LP, a throttling valve downstream of the first high point to mimic a wellhead choke, and a viewing window at the outlet.
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Herron, Murray, David S. Jones, Phillip B. Roös, and Zaheer Allam. "Creating Revenue Out Of Green Waste: New Perspectives For Municipal Organic Waste Harvesting In Geelong, Australia." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 14, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2020-182.
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The diversion and recovery of organic waste are one of the most significant opportunities and challenges for reducing the environmental impacts of waste disposal internationally, as recognised by the United Nations’ SDG 12 that seeks to “ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns”. This issue is particularly pertinent to developed countries, like Australia, who have a high propensity for waste removal arising from their industrial and domestic use of products, materials and organic consumables. Through the use of GIS technology, using modelling software developed by the Global Methane Initiative, a series of simulations were undertaken to determine the viability of an anaerobic digester for the City of Greater Geelong (COGG), located in the State of Victoria (Australia), where organic materials constitute over 25% of all waste land-filled. Using only municipal organic waste, the modelling concluded that the COGG would generate between AU$6M-AU$11M/annum from the sale of biogas/methane. In addition to this revenue stream, COGG would have an Annual Projected Net Emissions Reductions of 3797 Mt. This paper further considers the development of a geospatial database to identify and locate concentrated organic waste resources in COGG, the design and development of a software tool to help quantify the production of food waste, and the development of an economic model to value the organic waste stream of COGG arising from the implementation of this proposal.
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Gibson, H. E., and N. Apostolidis. "Demonstration, the solution to successful community acceptance of water recycling." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 10 (May 1, 2001): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0635.
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The Department of Natural Resources in Queensland, Australia are presently carrying out a comprehensive Strategy called the Queensland Water Recycling Strategy (QWRS) to determine future Government directions in the whole area of water recycling. This strategy is considering the beneficial use of all waste streams such as domestic sewage, industrial and agricultural wastes, as well as urban stormwater. Following a workshop held during the initial phase of the strategy it was determined that a high priority must be given to the demonstration of recycling practices not being utilised in the State, or presently being practiced in an unsustainable manner. Three separate types of recycling projects are being carried out, the first being based on demonstrating recycling on a large new urban development close to Brisbane, the second associated with demonstrating the complex treatment processes associated with the higher levels of recycling, and the third associated with demonstrating community based recycling schemes.
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Mondaca, S. L., C. A. Leiva, C. A. Acuña, and E. A. Serey. "Flow Enhancement of Mineral Pastes to Increase Water Recovery in Tailings: A Matlab-Based Imaging Processing Tool." Scientific Programming 2020 (May 26, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5607242.
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The rate of growth of mining copper industry in Chile requires higher consumption of water, which is a resource limited in quality and quantity and a major point of concern in present times. In addition, the efficient use of water is restricted due to high levels of evaporation (10 to 15 (l/m2) per day), in particular at the north highland mining sites (Chile). On the contrary, the final disposal of tailings is mainly on pond, which loses water by evaporation and in some cases by percolation. An alternative are the paste thickeners, which generate stable paste (70% solids), reducing evaporation and percolation and therefore reducing water make up. Water is a resource with more demand as the industries are expanding, making the water recovery processes more of a necessity than a simple upgrade in efficiency. This technology was developed in Canada (early 80s) and it has widely been used in Australia (arid zones with similar weather conditions to Chile), although few plants are using this technology. The tendency in the near future is to move from open ponds to paste thickeners. One of the examples of this is Minera El Tesoro. This scenario requires developing technical capacity in both paste flow characterization and rheology modifiers (fluidity enhancer) in order to make possible the final disposal of this paste. In this context, a new technique is introduced and experimental results of fluidity modifiers are discussed. This study describes how water content affects the flow behavior and depositional geometry of tailings and silica flour pastes. The depositional angle determined from the flume tests, and the yield stresses is determined from slump test and a rheological model. Both techniques incorporate digital video and image analysis. The results indicate that the new technique can be incorporated in order to determine the proper solid content and modifiers to a given fluidity requirement. In addition, the experimental results showed that the pH controls strongly the fluid paste behavior.
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Feder, Judy. "Collaboration and Optimization Processes Contribute to Ultra-ERD Offshore Well Success." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 05 (May 1, 2021): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0521-0061-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 202251, “Transforming the Mindset To Drill Ultra-ERD Wells With High Tortuosity,” by Barry Goodin, SPE, Duane Selman, and Andy Wroth, Vermilion Oil and Gas, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Perth, Australia, 20–22 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The complete paper describes the extensive integrated engineering collaboration and optimization process that allowed an operator to push the drilling and completion envelope to drill a pair of complex, ultra-extended-reach-drilling (ERD) wells in the mature Wandoo field in the Carnarvon Basin offshore Western Australia. The shallow reservoir depth, extreme ERD profile, and high tortuosity requirement for the wells posed significant challenges. These were overcome with extensive planning; integrated engineering designs; application of new technology; good-quality, real-time data interpretation; and strong execution support from both rig site and town. Introduction The Wandoo field, in 56 m of water off-shore Western Australia, was discovered in 1991 and subsequently developed and placed on production in 1993. The shallow unconsolidated sandstone reservoir consists of a heavily biodegraded oil column overlain by a gas cap and supported by a strong aquifer drive. Field infrastructure consists of a 15-well-slot manned production facility, Wandoo B, and a five-slot monopod, Wandoo A, which is tied back to Wandoo B by subsea in-field pipelines. In late 2018, the operator planned and executed a two-well drilling campaign consisting of two complex, ultra-ERD wells, Wandoo B15 and B16. Both wells were planned to be batch drilled for the top hole and intermediate hole sections, with the production hole sections to be drilled and completed sequentially. The primary objective for the B15 well was to recover unswept oil along the western flank of the field and track the well along the main Wandoo fault to the north to assess the structure and reserves from the northern tip of the field. The B16 well objective was to access unswept reserves through the center and down to the south of the field, essentially twinning the B11ST1 well, another ERD well drilled on an earlier campaign, to its eastern flank. To maximize recovery, both wells needed to be placed approximately 1 m below the top of the reservoir, except where overlain by the gas cap, in which case the wells were to be placed approximately 2 m below the gas/oil contact to avoid gas coning. Drilling Challenges and Solutions The first half of the complete paper presents a detailed discussion of the drilling challenges and solutions, illustrated with schematics, maps, charts, and graphs. Both Wells B15 and B16 were classified as ultra-ERD wells because the shallow true vertical depth (TVD) of the reservoir resulted in extreme stepout ratios and required highly complex well paths to access the remaining reserves. The complete paper lists various specific drilling- and systems-related challenges.
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Srivastava, Sunil Kumar. "Artificial Intelligence: Way Forward for India." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v7.i1.pp19-32.
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<p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is likely to transform the way we live and work. Due to its high potential, its adoption is being treated as the fourth industrial revolution. As with any major advancement in technology, it brings with it a spectrum of opportunities as well as challenges. On one hand, several applications have been developed or under development with potential to improve the quality of life significantly. As per a study, it is expected to double the annual economic growth rate of 12 developed countries by 2035. On the other hand, there is a possibility of loss of jobs. As per the available reports, the loss of jobs during the next 10-20 years is estimated to be 47% in the US, 35% in the UK, 49% in Japan, 40% in Australia, and 54% in the EU. In the era of globalization, no country can isolate itself from the impact of the advances in technology. However, the benefits can be maximized and losses can be minimized by putting necessary infrastructure and policy in place. Though several countries have decided their strategy for AI, India has not yet formulated its strategy. The report reviews the international as well as national scenario and suggests way forward for India. </p>
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Holder, G. A. "Application of biofilm theory to the prediction of sulfide production from bioslimes." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1994): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0802.
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The problems caused by the formation of sulfide within sewerage systems are briefly reviewed. The mechanism by which the hydrogen sulfide is produced within sewers and the procedures for controlling its production are briefly outlined. In order to design effectively for sulfide control a reliable means of predicting the rate of sulfide production is desirable. The different procedures which have been developed in Australia, the United Kingdom and the U.S.A. (i.e. the equations developed respectively by Thistlethwayte, Boon and Lister, and Pomeroy) are, however based on empirical correlations of experimental data, and hold over a limited range of operating conditions. These procedures are also known to be unreliable. The desirability of replacing the present procedures by a more rational approach is demonstrated. A major advantage of the new approach, which is based upon a chemical engineering analysis of the mass transport and biochemical processes which occur, is that, whereas the previous procedures were developed essentially for domestic sewage, the more rational approach can be applied to sewage containing a high proportion of industrial effluent.
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Castelnuovo, Richard. "Farm*A*Syst/Home*A*Syst: a framework for voluntary action that is both effective and replicable." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 12 (June 1, 1999): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0561.
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Farm*A*Syst/Home*A*Syst has developed an applied approach to education that results in voluntary actions effective in preventing pollution. Easy-to-use assessment worksheets are a key innovation the enable landowners to identify pollution risks on their property and develop plans to correct problems. This active learning process produces high levels of awareness that translate into changes in behavior. Farm*A*Syst/Home*A*Syst supports voluntaryaction by landowners with a unique structure that emphasizes interagency cooperation and local program delivery. The program's capacity for replication is demonstrated by its evolution in the United States as well as its adoption in North America and beyond. Examples international use include the Environmental Farm Plan developed in Canada and a cotton-specific adaptation in Australia. As a result of the ongoing expansion of this common sense approach to pollution prevention, Farm*A*Syst/Home*A*Syst offers many options to involve and motivate farmers and other non-industrial audiences whose voluntary participation is needed to reduce diffuse pollution.
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Pattinson, Malcolm, Marcus Butavicius, Kathryn Parsons, Agata McCormac, and Dragana Calic. "Managing information security awareness at an Australian bank: a comparative study." Information & Computer Security 25, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-03-2017-0017.
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Purpose The aim of this study was first to confirm that a specific bank’s employees were generally more information security-aware than employees in other Australian industries and second to identify the major factors that contributed to this bank’s high levels of information security awareness (ISA). Design/methodology/approach A Web-based questionnaire (the Human Aspects of Information Security Questionnaire – HAIS-Q) was used in two separate studies to assess the ISA of individuals who used computers at their workplace. The first study assessed 198 employees at an Australian bank and the second study assessed 500 working Australians from various industries. Both studies used a Qualtrics-based questionnaire that was distributed via an email link. Findings The results showed that the average level of ISA among bank employees was consistently 20 per cent higher than that among general workforce participants in all focus areas and overall. There were no significant differences between the ISA scores for those who received more frequent training compared to those who received less frequent training. This result suggests that the frequency of training is not a contributing factor to an employee’s level of ISA. Research limitations/implications This current research did not investigate the information security (InfoSec) culture that prevailed within the bank in question because the objective of the research was to compare a bank’s employees with general workforce employees rather than compare organisations. The Research did not include questions relating to the type of training participants had received at work. Originality/value This study provided the bank’s InfoSec management with evidence that their multi-channelled InfoSec training regime was responsible for a substantially higher-than-average ISA for their employees. Future research of this nature should examine the effectiveness of various ISA programmes in light of individual differences and learning styles. This would form the basis of an adaptive control framework that would complement many of the current international standards, such as ISO’s 27000 series, NIST’s SP800 series and ISACA’s COBIT5.
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Patterson, Paul. "Bringing a Client Focus to International Marketing: A Change Management Case Study." Journal of Management & Organization 6, no. 2 (March 2000): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200005411.
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AbstractConsumers the world over are becoming more homogeneous thanks to the unifying forces of travel, media, technology, information transfer and the like. Furthermore, today customers have higher expectations than ever before regarding the quality of service they should receive from a wide range of service organisations (professional as well as non-professional). As customers are increasingly exposed to world best practice in a wide range of service industries, expectations spiral upwards. Slow, discourteous, unresponsive and unprofessional service will no longer be tolerated - but especially when the service is highly customised, complex, costly and high involvement, professional service.Few, if any, studies have examined service quality issues for professional services in an international context. Hence, this case study documents the problems experienced by the Australian Trade Commission's (Austrade) Bangkok, Thailand Post in providing a level of service consistent with clients' (and senior managements') expectations, the steps taken to overcome these long standing service quality shortcomings, as well as the key lessons to be learnt from the process. Today Austrade provides a professional consulting service and thus possesses similar characteristics to many professional service firms (project management, engineering consulting, general management consulting, etc.) and thus the lessons from this successful change management program may be generalisable to other professional services. Furthermore, the lessons should prove invaluable for Australian firms operating in South-East Asia staffed by expatriates and local nationals.
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Patterson, Paul. "Bringing a Client Focus to International Marketing: A Change Management Case Study." Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 6, no. 2 (March 2000): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2000.6.2.44.
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AbstractConsumers the world over are becoming more homogeneous thanks to the unifying forces of travel, media, technology, information transfer and the like. Furthermore, today customers have higher expectations than ever before regarding the quality of service they should receive from a wide range of service organisations (professional as well as non-professional). As customers are increasingly exposed to world best practice in a wide range of service industries, expectations spiral upwards. Slow, discourteous, unresponsive and unprofessional service will no longer be tolerated - but especially when the service is highly customised, complex, costly and high involvement, professional service.Few, if any, studies have examined service quality issues for professional services in an international context. Hence, this case study documents the problems experienced by the Australian Trade Commission's (Austrade) Bangkok, Thailand Post in providing a level of service consistent with clients' (and senior managements') expectations, the steps taken to overcome these long standing service quality shortcomings, as well as the key lessons to be learnt from the process. Today Austrade provides a professional consulting service and thus possesses similar characteristics to many professional service firms (project management, engineering consulting, general management consulting, etc.) and thus the lessons from this successful change management program may be generalisable to other professional services. Furthermore, the lessons should prove invaluable for Australian firms operating in South-East Asia staffed by expatriates and local nationals.
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Khan, Kashan, Zhihua Chen, Jiadi Liu, and Khadija Javed. "State-of-the-Art on Technological Developments and Adaptability of Prefabricated Industrial Steel Buildings." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020685.
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Compared to traditional onsite steel construction, prefabricated industrial steel construction (PFISC) saves time, money, and resources. It results in sustainable steel structures that use fewer resources and are better for the environment. Despite their advantages, the private sector favors creating high-rise buildings in an old-fashioned way. In order to encourage the adaptability of prefabricated industrial steel buildings (PFISBs) in high-rise structures, this study critically evaluates the adaptable solutions offered in the literature on the recent developments, structural performances, present difficulties, and future potential. In mid-rise and low-rise structures, PFISC is frequently used. In research and case studies, PFISBs have proven to perform admirably under various adverse conditions, including in the event of an earthquake, wind, blast, impact, fire, collapse, and long-term sustained loads. The use of potential research solutions, the “Top-down” strategy, and the resolving of problems such as the structural-based design guidelines, column stability, discontinuous vertical and horizontal diaphragms, cluster columns and beams effect, damage-free and innovative inter- and intra-modular connections, high strength-to-weight modules, numerical simulation, and transportation will help PFISBs to become more widely accepted in high-rise structures. Compared to other materials, steel has recently demonstrated great promise for the construction of PFISBs. Additionally, China plans to increase their PFISC to 30% by 2026, Australia to 15% by 2025, and North America to over 5% by 2023, proving that it is a reasonable response to future urbanization concerns.
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Martin, G. B. "023. Biotechnology and reproduction in mainstream animal industry - a perspective." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 9 (2005): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs023.
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This paper considers strategies to improve the reproductive performance of small ruminants in ways that lead to production systems that are ‘clean, green and ethical’. This view arises from feedback from consumers, particularly in attractive export markets, and from a need to refocus on the needs of Australian producers, most of whom operate large, extensive enterprises. These people cannot use ‘high-tech’ systems but need low-cost, low-labour solutions to their problems. First, to control of the timing of reproductive events, they can use the socio-sexual inputs of the ‘male effect’ to induce synchronised ovulation in females that would otherwise be anovulatory (seasonal, lactational, prepubertal). Second, they can use nutritional stimuli for ‘focus feeding’, in which short periods of nutritional supplements are precisely timed and specifically designed for individual events in the reproductive process: gamete production, embryo survival, ‘fetal programming’ and colostrum production. Third, they can use simple behavioural observations to genetically select for temperament – this will maximize offspring survival, product quality and animal welfare. All of these approaches involve non-pharmacological manipulation of the endogenous control systems of the animals and complement the detailed information from ultrasound that is now becoming available.1 The use of such clean, green and ethical tools in the management of our animals can be cost-effective, increase productivity and, at the same time, greatly improve the image of meat and milk industries in society and the marketplace. This does not mean, however, that they will not benefit from the opportunities that evolve from breakthroughs in reproductive technology or gene research. On the contrary, if this ‘high-tech’ research is done within the context of the needs of a ‘clean, green and ethical’ industry, first class science can have very direct and immediate benefits to our livestock industries. (1)Martin GB, Milton JTB, Davidson RH, Banchero Hunzicker GE, Lindsay DR and Blache D. (2004). Natural methods of increasing reproductive efficiency in sheep and goats. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 82–83, 231–246.
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Chandler, Alfred D. "Commercializing High-Technology Industries." Business History Review 79, no. 3 (2005): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500081460.
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In his article “From Firm to Networked Systems,” Thomas Hughes introduces concepts, such as “infrastructure” and “networking,” that are critical to today's managerial system, but, by focusing on electric utilities, the story he tells does not go beyond the arrival of the new science of electronics in the early twentieth century. Professor Hughes, therefore, does not consider the critical role of high-technology industries–that is, those that commercialized and brought to market new products based on new scientific learning—in exploring the evolution of managerial systems.
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Aboshia, Ali Mohamed Ali, Riza Atiq Rahmat, Muhammad Fauzi Mohd Zain, and Amiruddin Ismail. "Enhancing mortar strengths by ternary geopolymer binder of metakaolin, slag, and palm ash." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 35, no. 5 (November 13, 2017): 438–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-03-2017-0014.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an alternative new ternary geopolymer mortar (MKSP) to resolve a traditional mortar problem which exhibits several disadvantages, including poor strengths and surface microcracks and the CO2 air pollution. Design/methodology/approach The MKSP ternary binder was produced using metakaolin (MK), slag (S), and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) activated with an alkaline mixture of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and 10 M NaOH in a mass ratio of 2.5. Seven different mix proportions of MK, slag, and POFA were used to fabricate MKSP mortars. The water-to-binder ratio was varied between 0.4 and 0.5. The mortars were heat cured for 2 h at 80°C and then aged in air. Flexural stress and strain, mortars flow and compressive strength were tested. Furthermore, the mortars were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Findings The results showed that the sample MKSP6, which contained 40 percent MK, 40 percent slag, and 20 percent POFA, exhibited high compressive strength (52 MPa) without any cracks and flexural strength (6.9 MPa) at 28 days after being cured for 2 h at 80°C; however, the MKSP7 mortar with optimal strength of 55 MPa showed some surface cracks . Further, the results of the XRD, SEM, and FTIR analyses indicated that the MKSP mortars primarily consisted of a crystalline (Si+Al) phase (70 percent) and a smaller amorphous (Si+Ca) phase (30 percent). Research limitations/implications The MKSP ternary geopolymer mix has three limitations as an importance of heat curing for development early strength, POFA content less than 20 percent to gain high normal strength and delaying the sitting time by controlling the slag content or the alkali activator type. Practical implications The use of geopolymer materials binder in a real building is limited and it still under research, Thus, the first model of real applied geopolymer cement in 2008 was the E-Crete model that formed by Zeobond company Australia to take the technology of geopolymer concrete to reality. Zeobond Pty Ltd was founded by Professor Jannie S.J. van (van Deventer et al., 2013), it was used to product precast concrete for the building structure. The second model was PYRAMENT model in 2002 by American cement manufacturer Lone Star Industries which was produced from the development carried out on inorganic alumino-silicate polymers called geopolymer (Palomo et al., 1999). In 2013 the third model was Queensland’s University GCI building with three suspended floors made from structural geopolymer concrete containing slag/fly ash-based geopolymer (Pathak, 2016). In Australia, 2014, the newly completed Brisbane West Wellcamp airport becomes the greenest airport in the world. Cement-free geopolymer concrete was used to save more than 6,600 tons of carbon emissions in the construction of the airport. Therefore, the next century will see cement companies developing alternative binders that are more environmentally friendly from a sustainable development point of view. Originality/value Production of new geopolymer binder of mortar as alternative to traditional cement binder with high early and normal strength from low cost waste materials, less potential of cracking, less energy consumption need and low carbon dioxide emission.
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Martin, A. R., P. J. Coombes, and R. H. Dunstan. "Investigating the influences of season and coastal proximity on the elemental composition of harvested rainwater." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.775.
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Chemical qualities of harvested rainwater were assessed at two residential study sites on the east coast of Australia in relation to coastal proximity and surrounding land uses over the course of a winter and summer month. Daily rainwater samples were collected from the base outlet and surface levels of stored water for chemical analyses. High resolution inductively coupled plasma—mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyse 26 elements in all samples. The summer sampling regime for the industrial coastal Site 1 was dominated by wind gusts originating from the east with a total average elemental load of 25,900 ± 17,000 μg/L compared to the significantly lower 10,600 ± 3,370 μg/L measured during the winter month, where 84% of wind gust events originated from the west. Data for the inland Site 2, with no proximity to industry, revealed no significant changes in total average loads between the winter (4,870 ± 578 μg/L) and summer (4,760 ± 2,280 μg/L) months. The most abundant elements found at both sites included Na, K, Mg, and Zn. The rainwater storages at Site 2 fed from a relatively new concrete tiled roof catchment had significantly lower pH and conductivity measurements compared with those at Site 1 with an old galvanised iron roof catchment. It was concluded that seasonal differences in harvested water quality were likely influenced by prevailing wind direction and external influences such as surrounding land uses and proximity to the coast.
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O'Connor, Allan, Kai Du, and Göran Roos. "The intellectual capital needs of a transitioning economy." Journal of Intellectual Capital 16, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 466–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-08-2014-0097.
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Purpose – Developed economies with high-cost environments face industrial transitions from scale-based manufacturing (MAN) to knowledge, technology and intangible asset-based sectors. The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes in employment and value-adding profiles of transitioning industry sectors in Australia and discuss the implications for policy that influences the intellectual capital (IC) profile of industrial sectors in transition. Design/methodology/approach – The approach borrowed concepts from the firm-level strategic management literature and applied them to a macro level of industry analysis. In this paper the authors examine the transitions in the Australian economy which, due to a rising cost base, is experiencing a decline in its value chain-oriented MAN sector. The authors contrast four industry sectors with the MAN sector and examine the different value creation models. Findings – The findings clearly show how the contribution to employment and value added (termed Economic Value Contribution ) of the different sectors vary. The authors extend these findings to a discussion on policy and the dimensions of IC that may have a role to play in facilitating transitions within an economy. The main conclusion is that a more rapid transition and higher value may be created if innovation and entrepreneurship are facilitated by targeted policies in transitioning sector. Research limitations/implications – This work is based on a single country analysis of selected industry sectors. Further work needs to be done across many more countries to contrast the findings across nations/regions that differ in industrial complexity and to refine the analytical framework to improve construct validity and increase analytical power. Practical implications – This work has implications for policy-makers facing the challenges of a transitioning economy, whether national or regional. Governments that are hands-on with respect to interventions to salvage and/or extend the life of sectors are at risk of missing opportunities to build the capacities and capabilities of emerging sectors while those governments that are hands-off, deferring to market mechanisms, risk transitions that are too little and/or too late to maintain a national or regional competitiveness. Originality/value – To the authors knowledge, this is the first attempt to integrate the specific firm-level strategic management perspectives, used in this paper, with the macro-policy level to examine industry sectors with the twin metrics of economic productivity and employment in transitioning economies.
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McGahan, Anita M., and Jeffrey H. Rohlfs. "Bandwagon Effects in High-Technology Industries." Academy of Management Review 27, no. 3 (July 2002): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4134390.
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Kasuya, M., K. Nogawa, N. Ishinishi, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Takeuchi, O. Wada, M. Nakagawa, H. Kitagawa, and K. Kobayashi. "High-Technology Industries and Occupational Health." Sangyo Igaku 30, no. 7 (1988): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh1959.30.576.
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ORDOVER, JANUSZ, and WILLIAM BAUMOL. "ANTITRUST POLICY AND HIGH-TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 4, no. 4 (1988): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/4.4.13.
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Swann, G. M. P. "Bandwagon Effects in High Technology Industries." Information Economics and Policy 14, no. 3 (September 2002): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6245(02)00050-1.
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Hogan, JP. "Options for manipulating nutrition if feed supply is immutable." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 2 (1996): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960289.
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The Australian pastoral industries depend almost entirely on the nutrients derived from the available pasture and browse. This is particularly true for the northern cattle industry, where the production of pasture, and hence animal productivity, depend on the length of time that sufficient soil moisture is available during and after the wet season to sustain pasture growth. Animal nutrition is further affected by the relatively low digestibility of tropical grasses even at early stages of maturity. Hence animal production is marked by relatively low annual weight gain and poor reproductive performance. Research to date has demonstrated that lack of nitrogen both as ammonia for rumen microbes and as amino acids for the animal's tissues is the major nutritional deficit, which causes a depression in feed intake and hence exacerbates an already existing energy deficit. In many areas, too, deficiencies of P, Na, S and trace elements have been identified. Broadly speaking, the technology has been developed to overcome these nutritional deficiencies and to investigate remaining problems of undernutrition and low productivity. It is probable that new tropical legumes suited for areas with less than 750 mm annual rainfall will also be developed. However, despite these efforts, animal production will tend to be low, because for much of the year the high fibre low protein forage is eaten in only restricted amounts, and because only 40% or so of the energy in the forage becomes available to the animal. There is, therefore, need to develop rumen microbes capable of more rapid and more extensive breakdown of plant fibre and to achieve new methods to improve the conversion of amino acids into animal protein.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Deep Directional Electromagnetic Technique Improves Well-Drilling Efficiency." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1021-0051-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202265, “Leap of Faith From Conventional to EM Look-Ahead: A Game-Changing Technology To Improve Well Efficiency,” by Muhamad Yanuar Mahardi, Hendarsyah Hendarsyah, and Kharisma Endarmoyo, PT Pertamina, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Perth, Australia, 20–22 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The structure in the Matindok block in Central Sulawesi operated by Pertamina has proven producible gas reserves in the Minahaki formation. One of the main challenges in this area is the low resolution of seismic data, leading to a high depth uncertainty. The complete paper describes a technology developed to meet these challenges with the capability to map and detect lithology changes ahead of the bit in real time. Geological Background A first exploration well, PEP-001, was drilled in 2018. The structure has a Miocene carbonate buildup play, and the target reservoir is the M pinnacle carbonate reef. The PEP-001 well was planned to set the 9⅝-in. casing point above the top of the M formation. Offset wells did not show any clear markers in the thick shale above the M formation that could have been used for log correlation. In previously drilled offset wells, correlation was performed convention-ally by examination of cutting samples and on drilling breaks. However, when Well PEP-001 was drilled, no apparent drilling break was observed. By the time cuttings reached the surface, the bit had drilled into 20 m of the M formation. Because the casing covered most of the upper carbonate formation, openhole logging and well-testing data were not acquired to delineate the target formation optimally. The second exploration well, PEP-002, was planned with an objective of setting 9⅝-in. casing approximately 5 m above the top of M to acquire full-interval coverage of coring, openhole wireline logging, and well testing. This information was critical for optimal reservoir delineation to allow for accurate reserves calculation and future development. Conventional correlation methods have proven insufficient for casing point placement. The presence of limestone stringers in offset wells within proximity of the top of M presented an additional challenge. The stringers could have been misinterpreted as the main carbonate body, if interpretation were based solely on cutting samples. Real-Time Electromagnetic (EM) Look-Ahead Technology
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Chagas, Milton Freitas, Roque Rabechini Jr, Arnoldo Souza Cabral, and Milton De Abreu Campanario. "Modular Innovation Networks in High-Technology Industries." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 10, no. 3 (December 2, 2011): 173–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v10i3.1714.
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The article shows how interorganizational modular networks are structured in two high-tecnology industries: Embraer and Siemens. Three product platforms were used in the research: the Embraer 170/190 program from Embraer and the SX platform and X-ray equipment from Siemens. The objective of this article is to expand our comprehension of systems integration as a coordination mechanism in projects. The method adopted in the research is a case study. Data were collected by interviews and by analysis of documents from the two organizations. It was possible to identify and analyze the influence of the level of coupling and how the networks are structured. The research shows two levels of coupling in the modular innovation networks studied: two loosely coupled networks and one tightly coupled network. In addition, it was verified that the system integrators, the organizations that lead the modular networks, act as a matter of facts as knowledge integrators.