Journal articles: 'High Strength Steel'

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Hietala, Mikko, Antti Järvenpää, Markku Keskitalo, and Kari Mäntyjärvi. "Bending Strength of Laser-Welded Sandwich Steel Panels of Ultra-High Strength Steel." Key Engineering Materials 786 (October 2018): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.786.286.

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The study was performed to investigate the bending resistance of laser-welded sandwich panels (Vf-core). The main aim of the study was to determine the effect of the tensile strength on bending strength of the panel structures. Panels were manufactured using an ultra-high strength (UHS) and low strength (LS) steels with yield strengths of 1200 and 200 MPa, respectively. Secondly, the bending strength of the panel structures was compared with the conventional sheet steels to estimate the possibilities for weight reduction. Results showed that the UHS steel panels had significantly higher bending strength than panels of the LS steel. The bending strength in the weakest loading direction of the UHS panel was approximately four times higher than the one of LS steel panel. The panels made with UHS steel faceplates and LS steel cores had better bending strength than LS steel panels. In comparison to UHS sheet steel, 30% weight saving is estimated by using the geometry optimized UHS steel panel.

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Poznyakov, V. D., S. L. Zhdanov, A. V. Zavdoveev, A. A. Maksimenko, and T. G. Solomijchuk. "Weldability of high-strength microalloyed steel S460M." Paton Welding Journal 2016, no. 12 (December 28, 2016): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2016.12.04.

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Tong, Ming Wei, Ze Xi Yuan, and Kai Guang Zhang. "Influence of Vanadium on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Normalized Steel." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.628.

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Considering the specialities of high strength normalized steel, the main roles of vanadium in normalized steel were investigated. The results show that adding vanadium can improve the strength and deteriorate the impact energy, but for vanadium steel, the strengths increase and the impact energies have no changing regulation with increasing vanadium. The microstructures of experimental steels are composed of polygonal ferrite and pearlite, vanadium can not refine ferrite grain size, most of them dissolve into the matrix, and the forms of precipitation in vanadium steel are complex carbonitrides. Grain refinement plays a greater role in improving the low temperature toughness of high strength normalized steels, the strength index is firstly considered in designing this kind of steels.

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Shi, Gang, Huatian Zhao, and Yang Gao. "Research on high‐performance steel structure with high‐strength steel column, ordinary‐strength steel beam, and low‐yield‐point steel BRB." ce/papers 6, no. 3-4 (September 2023): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2657.

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AbstractIn order to reasonably make full use of the advantages of different steels and then achieve a steel structure with excellent seismic behaviour, the authors proposed novel triple grades hybrid high‐performance steel structures (TGHSSs) comprising high‐strength steel (HSS) columns, ordinary‐strength steel beams, and low‐yield‐point (LYP) steel buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs). The basic concept and expected advantages were introduced. To validate this concept, eight full‐scale single‐bay two‐storey TGHSS specimens were tested under cyclic loads, in which columns are of 460 MPa, 690 MPa, and 890 MPa HSSs, beams are of 345 MPa steel, and BRBs are of 100 MPa, 160 MPa, and 225 MPa LYP steels. Meantime, nine LYP steel BRB specimens were taken out and tested under uniaxial cyclic loads. Based on the experimental study, numerical simulation and parametric analyses on TGHSSs were further conducted, and a performance‐based design method was proposed. Results indicated that the TGHSSs featured a sequential yielding mechanism with excellent seismic performance. Specifically, the LYP steel BRBs yielded at first to dissipate seismic energy. Then, the ordinary‐strength steel beams developed plastic hinges at beam ends. At last, the HSS columns kept almost elastic or presented limited plasticity at column bases. This research proves such a high‐performance structure with a reasonable combination of high, ordinary, and low strength steels, whose advantages can be fully developed.

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Jayaprakashl, Murugesan, Yuichi Otsuka, Yukio Miyashita, and Yoshiharu Mutoh. "OS2111 Torsion Fatigue Behavior of High Strength Steel." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2012 (2012): _OS2111–1_—_OS2111–3_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2012._os2111-1_.

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Gui, Long Ming, Xiao Chun Jin, Hong Tao Li, and Mei Zhang. "High Cycle Fatigue Performances of Advanced High Strength Steel CP800." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.238.

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A low carbon content and improved steel making practices have imparted advanced high strength steel (AHSS) CP800 with superior combination of strength, ductility and weldability. Its performance in fatigue, however, is not well understood. Stress-controlled high cycle fatigue (HCF) tests were conducted to obtain stress vs. fatigue life curve (S-N curve), and the fatigue limit of CP800. The follow HCF performances were obtained. , SRI1=1940MPa, b=-0.09972, Nc1=2.89×106, and R2= 0.88. The collected material data are used as a basis of comparison of CP800 with more common grades of structural steel. CP800 steel shows high strength, comparable ductility, and high fatigue limit level. The test results indicate that compare to that of lower strength common grades of structural steels, CP800 steel has a much higher fatigue endurance limit (say, 476MPa), about 0.6 of its tensile strength (TS). Thus, provides a distinct advantage.

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Pavlov, V. V., M. V. Temlyantsev, and V. V. Bukhmirov. "Increasing the fatigue strength of high-strength steel grades." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 66, no. 5 (October 28, 2023): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2023-5-522-528.

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The paper considers the issue of increasing the fatigue strength of high-strength steel grades. Based on the results of experimental measurements of the fatigue strength limit (σ–1) of spring steel grades, we analyzed the effect of tensile strength, ratio of the yield strength during shear and the fatigue strength limit. The absence of statistical relationship between fatigue strength limit and tensile strength (σ–1 ≠ f (σu)) was established. The ratio τt / σ–1 is the stress concentration coefficient (SCC), which is closely related to the tensile strength of steel. From the theoretical analysis, it follows that in the presence of the same morphological type and size of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) in steel, relationship of SCC with the strength properties of steel is functional. Spread of its actual values is associated with the presence of various morphological types and sizes of NMI in the metal. Each morphological type of NMI is characterized by corresponding physical and mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and various SCC). SCC increases both with an increase in the strength of steel and with an increase in diameter (thickness) of NMI. It was established that the intensity (rate) of the increase in SCC depends on the size and elastic modulus ЕMNI of NMI (ratio of mass fractions of SiO2 and Al2O3 oxides in NMI). The average intensity of the change in SCC obtained by processing experimental data corresponds to similar indicators for NMI: 13 % SiO2 ; 87 % Al2O3 (4.0 μm thick); 20 % SiO2 , 80 % Al2O3 (5.0 μm thick); 25 % SiO2 ; 75 % Al2O3 (7.0 μm thick). According to the obtained connections, dimensions of NMI and their morphology are approximately indicated, which make it possible to increase the fatigue properties of spring steels grades in the tensile strength range from 1200 to 2000 MPa. To increase the fatigue life of steel (especially in high-strength condition), it is recommended to use the technology of aluminum-free metal deoxidation during smelting. At the same time, a favorable morphology of NMI with SCC less than 1.0 is provided. Formation of a fine-grained structure of steel after heat treatment is obtained in the absence of aluminum during deoxidation with small additives of vanadium, niobium or titanium.

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Gong, Fengyan, André Dürr, and Jochen Bartenbach. "Favourable Steel Structures using High Strength Steels." ce/papers 4, no. 2-4 (September 2021): 1530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.1452.

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Arlazarov, Artem, Jean-Christophe Hell, Carla Oberbillig, and Frédéric Kegel. "High Strength High Ductility Low Alloyed Steel." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.100.

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Annealed Martensite Matrix (AMM) concept was studied on two steel grades with low alloyed base composition of Fe-C-Mn-Si and two levels of Nb. Conditions for the thermal treatments were selected based on the experimental dilatometry tests and thermodynamic calculations. Annealing trials with short austempering holding were performed in the laboratory salt pots. Mechanical properties of heat treated steels have been investigated by tensile tests. Associated microstructures have been analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy as well as magnetization saturation method for measuring retained austenite fractions. Excellent strength-ductility balance was obtained due to the ultra-fine multiphase structure and high amount of stable retained austenite.

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Haiko, Oskari, Kati Valtonen, Antti Kaijalainen, Vahid Javaheri, and Jukka Kömi. "High-stress abrasive wear characteristics of ultra-high strength press-hardening steel." Tribologia - Finnish Journal of Tribology 39, no. 3−4 (December 31, 2022): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30678/fjt.122836.

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Ultra-high strength steels are widely utilized in many applications operating in harsh abrasive wear conditions. For instance, the machineries used in mining and mineral handling or in agricultural sector require robust, but cost-effective wear-resistant materials. Steels provide excellent combination of mechanical properties and usability. This study encompasses mechanical and wear testing of an experimental medium-carbon press-hardening steel. The as-received material was austenitized at two different temperatures and quenched in water. Additionally, low-temperature tempering was applied for one variant. In total, three variants of the press-hardening steel were produced. Microstructural characterization and mechanical testing were conducted for the steel samples. The wear testing was carried out with high-stress abrasive method, in which the samples were rotated inside a crushed granite bed. A commercial 400 HB grade wear-resistant steel was included in the wear testing as a reference. The experimental steel showed very high mechanical properties reaching tensile strength up to 2600 MPa with hardness of 750 HV10. Wear testing resulted in only minimal differences between the three variants indicating that the improved impact toughness by tempering did not significantly affect the wear resistance. The reference steel had nearly two times greater mass loss compared to the higher hardness press-hardening steels. Microhardness measurements on the worn surface showed drastic increase in hardness for the deformed structure for all samples. It was concluded that even the high-hardness martensitic steels exhibit notable wear surface work-hardening. Therefore, hardness was determined to be the most significant factor affecting the wear performance of studied steels.

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Torizuka, Shiro, and Eijiro Muramatsu. "High Strength Microscrew with Ultrafine Grained Structure." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2695.

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While uniform elongation is a measure of ductility of the material, reduction in area in tensile tests is also an important measure of ductility. It was found that the reduction in area - tensile strength balance is far better than the conventional ferrite+pearlite steels and even superior to martensitic and bainitic steels. Formability of ultrafine-grained steel is examined by applying to form a M1.7 micro screw using these ultrafine-grained steels. Screws are formed through the process of cold heading and rolling. Relationship between cold heading, rolling, uniform elongation and reduction in area are investigated to clarify the formability of ultrafine-grained steels. Low-carbon ultrafine-grained steel has excellent cold headability and favorable rolling properties, i.e., excellent formability. Reduction in area is a measure to determine formability on cold heading. Ultrafine grained steel wire with length of several hundred meter were developed with the technology of warm continuous multi-directional rolling. This wire also have a good formability which can form microscrews. High strength microscrew with ultrafine grained structure was obtained.

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12

Zhang, Mei, Yu Xiang Ning, Jun Zhang, Zi Wan, and Tao Wang. "Forming Performance of 800MPa Grade Advanced High Strength Steels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 455 (November 2013): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.455.173.

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800MPa grade Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS), including Complex Phase steel CP800 and Ferrite-Bainite steel FB800, were chosen to test the forming performance in different test conditions and compared with the reference traditional high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels HR700LA. Tensile test, hole expansion (HE) test, and HAT shape stamping test were taken to investigate the forming performance of the materials. Test results indicated that the studied 800MPa grade AHSS showed a better strength ductility balance compared with the reference steel. Among all the steels researched, FB800 showed the best hole expansion ratio (HER), and CP800 the worst. Springback angles of AHSS after HAT shape stamping tests were markedly smaller than those of HR700LA steels, though the springback angles of HR700LA decreased continuously with blank holding force (BHF) increasing. Steel FB800, CP800S and CP800B had much better shape stability compared with steels HR700LA. AHSS showed much smaller springback behavior under the same stamping condition, especially for steels CP800-B, FB800-2 and FB800-1. When increasing the BHF to 100KN, AHSS showed the largest springback deformation. Among the three kinds of CP800 steels researched, steel CP800-B indicated outstanding springback restrain trend in BHF further increasing attempt. So, springback behavior could be restricted obviously by using a larger BHF in AHSS CP800B forming operations.

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Tankova, Trayana. "High Strength Steel elements." Metálica, no. 13 (September 30, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30779/cmm_metalica_mi13_04.

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YASUNO, TAKUYA, KAZUHIKO KURIBAYASHI, and TADASHI HASEGAWA. "Ultra-High Strength Steel." Sen'i Gakkaishi 48, no. 9 (1992): P489—P495. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.48.9_p489.

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Tаmila, V. A., and M. L. Nesterovich. "Research of high strength steels bending." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-3-71-78.

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The article deals with the issues of obtaining high-strength steels. A conclusion about the effect of the temperature on the steel was drawn based on the research of the microstructure. To check the effect of the welding process on the steel under study, the hardness of the weld and the zone of thermal influence were measured. The weld was checked by X-ray television control for defects in the weld joint.To analyze the possibility of free bending with local heating experiments on tempering samples were conducted in order to identify its optimum temperature at which no cracking occurs in the steels after bending. Bending experiments were carried out after local heating.A comparison of the results of measuring the hardness of the weld, as well as samples obtained after tempering and local heating of the bending line were made. Graphs of the drop in hardness of the studied steel depending on the tempering temperature, as well as the drop in hardness as it moves away from the local heating line, are constructed. Bending experiments with compression of high-strength steels were performed using a substrate material.The samples obtained during the experiments were examined by X-ray for defects in the bending line. The value of compressive stresses acting on bent sample is calculated.

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Zhang, Mei, Jun Zhang, Yu Xiang Ning, Tao Wang, and Zi Wan. "Springback Behavior of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) CP800." Advanced Materials Research 820 (September 2013): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.820.45.

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800MPa grade Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS), Complex Phase steel CP800, containing microalloying elements, are chosen to test the stamping properties in different test conditions and compared with traditional high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels HSLA S700MC. Tensile test, and HAT shape stamping test are taken to investigate the properties of the materials. Test results indicate that the studied 800MPa grade AHSS shows a better strength ductility balance compared with the reference HSLA steels. Under the same HAT shape springback stamping condition, HSLA steels S700MC always show the largest springback deformation among the investigated steels. While springback angles of all the AHSS studied are markedly smaller than that of steel S700MC. Among the 3 kinds of AHSS researched, CP800T always show the largest springback deformation. Domestic steel CP800 and imported CP800S show much smaller springback deformation respectively. In BHF of 100KN condition, springback deformation of 3 kinds of AHSS reaches the top value among all the BHF conditions. However, steel CP800 indicates an outstanding springback restrain trend in blank holding force (BHF) further increasing attempt. Thus, springback behavior can be restricted obviously by using a larger blank holding force (BHF) in steel CP800 stamping cases.

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Zhi, Chao, Yi Fei Gong, Ai Min Zhao, Jian Guo He, and Ran Ding. "Wear Resistance Research of Advanced High Strength Steels." Materials Science Forum 850 (March 2016): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.850.197.

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The wear performance and wear mechanism under two-body abrasion of five advanced high strength steels, i.e. Nanobainite (NB) steel, Tempered Martensitic (TM) steel, Dual Phase (DP) steel, Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) Steel and Twining Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steel were studied. By using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we investigated the wearing surface. Phase transformation strengthening behavior was also be discussed by analyzing the surface and sub-surface after abrasion. The results showed that micro-cutting was the major role of wear mode in the condition of two-body abrasion. In the circumstance of two-body abrasion, hardness was an important factor, the property of wear resistance enhanced while the hardness increased except for TM steel. NB steel possessed the best wear resistance which was 1.71 times higher than that of TWIP steel. The retained austenite transformed into martensite which can improve the hardness so that it enhanced the wear resistance of NB steel.

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Sugimoto, Koh Ichi, Junji Tsuruta, and Sung Moo Song. "Fatigue Strength of Formable Ultra High-Strength TRIP-Aided Steels with Bainitic Ferrite Matrix." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.247.

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Formable ultra high-strength TRIP-aided steel with bainitic ferrite matrix structure (TBF steel) contributes to a drastic weight reduction and an improvement of crash safety of automobile. In this study, fatigue strength of 0.2%C-1.5%Si-1.5%Mn TBF steels was investigated. High fatigue limit was achieved in TBF steels austempered at 400-450oC, containing a large amount of stable retained austenite. The fatigue limit was linearly related with mobile dislocation density, as well as TRIP effect of retained austenite. When compared to conventional martensitic steel, the TBF steel exhibited lower notch-sensitivity or higher notched fatigue performance. Complex additions of 0.5%Al, 0.05%Nb and 0.2%Mo considerably improved the notched fatigue performance, as well as the smooth fatigue strength. This was associated with the stabilized retained austenite and refined microstructure which suppress fatigue crack initiation and/or propagation.

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Feng, Yong, and Hao Sun. "Optimization Results of High Strength Steel Production Process." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.11.

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The grade 590MPa high strength steel for construction machine and mine machine can be produced in mass and at lower cost with optimization of chemical composition and production process. The thickness of steel plates is from 6 mm to 60 mm. The microalloy system can be designed as Nb-V,Nb-Ti or Nb-Ti-V. Due to application of controlled rolling and controlled cooling (thermal mechanical control process TMCP) the properties of steel plates are perfect. Test and process simulation be conducted in lab rolling mill. The results and process were transplanted to middle plate mill and heavy plate mill, the process parameter can be matched well and appropriately, the production process is smooth and properties of steel plates are excellent and stable. The new manufacture technology for production of 590MPa high strength steels is opened up. The output of 590MPa high strength steels has been reached more than 81000 tons every year in Jinan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. and it meet the needs of market preferably. The application of this type high strength steel can create a great of economy and social profits.

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Fydrych, Dariusz, Jerzy Łabanowski, and Grzegorz Rogalski. "Weldability of high strength steels in wet welding conditions." Polish Maritime Research 20, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2013-0018.

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Abstract In this paper are characterized problems of high strength steel weldability in underwater wet welding conditions. Water as a welding environment intensifies action of unfavourable factors which influence susceptibility to cold cracking of welded steel joints. The susceptibility to cold cracking of S355J2G3 steel and S500M steel in wet conditions was experimentally estimated (by using Tekken test). It was concluded that the steels in question are characterized by a high susceptibility to formation of cracks in welds. Usefulness of the proposed Temper Bead Welding technique (TBW) was experimentally verified as a method for improving weldability of the steels in the analyzed conditions.

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Jiang, Jianbo, Chenyang Huang, Huiyong Ban, and Letian Hai. "High-Cycle Fatigue Properties of Titanium-Clad Bimetallic Steel with Different Interfacial Conditions." Buildings 13, no. 3 (March 14, 2023): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030758.

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Titanium-clad (TC) bimetallic steel is an advanced composite steel consisting of metallurgically bonded titanium alloy and structural steel. This paper compared the high-cycle fatigue properties of three types of TC bimetallic steels, including two hot-rolled bonding types with different bonding strengths and an explosion-bonded type. The three types of TC bimetallic steels were all manufactured from TA2 titanium alloy as the cladding metal and Q355B structural steel as the substrate metal, of which the thicknesses are 2 mm and 8 mm, respectively. Based on the comparison results, the qualitative relationship between the bonding interface strength and the manufacturing methods with the basic mechanical and high-cycle fatigue properties was obtained. It was found that the different manufacturing methods and the bonding degree of the two component metals resulted in the different nonlinear yield plateau in the TC bimetallic steel. The high bonding strength seems to affect the failure mode of the tensile coupons. The bonding interface shear strength only slightly affects the tensile performance, which exhibits visible effects only when the test strain reaches the fractured state. In addition, three failure modes in total were found in the high-cycle fatigue tests for the three types of TC bimetallic steel. The manufacturing methods and the bonding interface strength significantly affect the fatigue phenomena of the TC bimetallic steel. The hot-rolled bonding TC bimetallic steel with high bonding strength has a 10% improvement in fatigue performance than the one with low bonding strength. Despite this, the manufacturing methods significantly affect the fatigue ratio, while the influence of the bonding strength on the high cycle fatigue performance is limited. The research outcomes can provide reference for the selection of different manufacturing methods and interfacial conditions for the use of TC bimetallic steel in structural engineering.

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Cadoni, Ezio, Matteo Dotta, and Daniele Forni. "Modern high strength steels under high strain-rate regimes." EPJ Web of Conferences 250 (2021): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125005013.

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In order to properly design critical infrastructures and buildings in steel (bridges, high-rise building, off-shore, cranes, etc.), certain requirements concerning to mechanical resistance and robustness under exceptional actions have to be carefully fulfilled. An acceptable level of safety must be assured to avoid human loss, environmental pollution and material damage. These structures can be subjected to severe accidental loading such as blast or impact. In this context it is fundamental to adequately know the behaviour of structural steel under high strain rate. Modern high strength steels are quenched and selftempered steels. These steels have several layers with differentiated microstructures (martensitic in the cortical part and ferritic in the core). The behaviour of the single layer at high strain rate regimes have to be accurately studied. The paper collects and discusses the tensile results at high strain rate obtained on samples of homogeneous layers of S690QL and S960QL steels. Finally, the characterisation of the single layers has been used in order to analyse the results obtained in large specimen obtained from slabs 12mm thick.

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Montemarano, T. W., B. P. Sack, J. P. Gudas, M. G. Vassilaros, and H. H. Vanderveldt. "High Strength Low Alloy Steels in Naval Construction." Journal of Ship Production 2, no. 03 (August 1, 1986): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1986.2.3.145.

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The Naval Sea Systems Command has recently certified a lower-cost alternative steel to the HY-80 steel presently used in construction of naval surface ships. This alternative steel is based on the commercial development of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels originally directed to the offshore oil exploration platform and gas line transmission industries. The certification is a result of an ongoing research and development program begun in 1980. This paper addresses several aspects of the HSLA steel development effort, including a discussion of the properties and metallurgy of this steel, and the cost savings which are achievable. Finally, the status of the current and planned Navy HSLA usage and the R&D program is described.

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Šmak, Milan, Jaroslav Kubíček, Jiří Kala, Kamil Podaný, and Jan Vaněrek. "The Influence of Hot-Dip Galvanizing on the Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Steels." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 5219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185219.

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Modern high-strength steels achieve their strength exclusively through the manufacturing process, as the chemical composition of these steels is very similar to the composition of standard-quality steels. Typically, hot-dip galvanizing is used to form a protective zinc layer on the steel parts of structures; nonetheless, the material is exposed to high temperatures during the process. With high-strength steels, this can lead to deterioration of the mechanical properties. This study aims to experimentally examine and evaluate the extent of deterioration of the mechanical properties of high-strength-steel members. The effect was studied on specimens made of three different types of steel with the yield strength ranging from 460 to 1250 MPa. For each type of steel, selected mechanical properties—yield strength, tensile strength, and hardness—were determined on specimens with and without hot-dip galvanization, and the obtained results were mutually compared. Our study shows a significant impact of the hot-dip galvanization process on the mechanical properties of some high-strength steels. With the studied types of steel, the yield strength decreased by up to 18%, the tensile strength by up to 13%, and the hardness by up to 55%.

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Sanytsky, Myroslav, Тetiana, Kropyvnytska, Orest Shyiko, Yurii Bobetskyi, and Andriy Volianiuk. "High strength steel fiber reinforced concrete for fortification protected structures." Theory and Building Practice 2023, no. 1 (June 20, 2023): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2023.01.037.

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The article presents the results of research on modified steel fiber-reinforced concrete and shows the expediency of their use to increase the effectiveness of fortification protection structures against shock loads. It was established that according to the results of tests of compressive strength (fсm = 79.4 MPa) and tensile strength during bending (fс, lf = 7.4 MPa), steel fiber-reinforced concrete can be classified as high-strength (strength class C 50/60) and rapid-hardening (fcm2/ fcm28 = 0.57) in accordance with DSTU EN 206:2018. Manufacturing in factory conditions of reinforced concrete elements of structures based on high-strength steel fiber-reinforced concrete with increased resistance to various types of force effects during shelling will allow to obtain quick-assembling/quick-dismantling fortification structures that will be able to provide protection for the personnel of the units of the armed forces of Ukraine.

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Park, Soon Yong, Poonam Yadav, and Dong Bok Lee. "High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of High Strength Steel Plates." Defect and Diffusion Forum 369 (July 2016): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.369.83.

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Three kinds of high-strength steel plates containing (less than 0.07%, or 0.024%, or 0.057%)-Si were oxidized at 700-900 °C isothermally and cyclically in atmospheric air, and their oxidation behavior was compared. The composition of the steels significantly affected the scaling rates, thickness, and adherence of the formed scales. The most important element in terms of oxidation was Si because Si affected the oxidation rates and scale adherence much. Silicon formed quite slowly a growing SiO2–containing scale around the scale/matrix interface. In the Si-deficient steel, quite thick oxide scales formed, and their adherence was poor. An optimum amount of Si was necessary in order to decrease the oxidation rate, and improve the scale adherence.

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Wechsler, Marius B. "Use of High-strength Steel for Simply Supported Beams." Engineering Journal 23, no. 2 (June 30, 1986): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v23i2.461.

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As stated by AISC, high-strength steels have proven to be economical choices where lighter members, resulting from use of higher allowable stresses, are not penalized because of instability, local buckling, deflection or other similar reasons. The reduction of dead load and associated savings in shipping costs can be significant factors. However, higher strength steels are not to be used indiscriminately. Effective use of all steels depends on thorough cost and engineering analysis. The purpose of this paper is to find out the cases when high-strength steel, simply supported beams may be economical. The paper refers to High-strength, Low-alloy Steel A572-Gr. 50 only, and assumes its cost is 10% higher than Carbon Steel A36.

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Wei, Ao Ran, Hong Wei Liu, and Jing Fan Chen. "Microstructure and Mechanical Property of 22MnB5 High-Strength Steel." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.644.

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We have mental heat treatment for 22MnB5 steel with seven different experimental schemes and have mechanical property test on the seven steels. Then the microstructure and mechanical property of treated steels are studied, and the results show that 300°C is the optimum preservation temperature, at which we can get the optimum specific elongation of 22MnB5 steel. The tensile strength of steel thermal insulated at 300°C for 3 minutes is better than that of steel tempered at 300°C for 3 minutes, while as for specific elongation , the latter one is better. And we can also get homogeneous lath martensite after die quenching. The experiment lays foundations of the actual production process of hot forming.

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29

Yang, Yang, Kang Min Lee, Keun Yeong Oh, and Sung Bin Hong. "Structural Performance Evaluation of Built-Up Stub Steel Column with Various Steel Grades under Concentric Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.127.

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The current local stability criteria (KBC2009, AISC2010) are enacted through theoretical and experimental studies of ordinary steels, but the mechanical properties of high strength steels are different from ordinary steels. The high strength steel in the applicability of design criteria should be needed to review because of increasing market demanding for high strength steel in the high-rise and long span buildings. In this study, stub columns of H-shaped and box section with various steel grades subjected to concentric loading were investigated, and these steels were checked to the applicability of current local stability criteria. The difference between the ordinary steel and high strength steel was compared. As a result of comparison with various steel grades, most specimens were satisfied with the design criteria, but some specimens with lower tensile strength were not reached the required strength. It is considered that the uncertainty of material was the higher when the tensile strength of material was the lower.

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Li, Guo Qiang, Yan Bo Wang, Su Wen Chen, and Fei Fei Sun. "Key Issues of Using High Strength Steels in Seismic Structures and some Recent Progress." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2444.

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Since recent advances of technology in material science and increasing demand for high strength steel, Q460 high strength steel has been applied to several landmark buildings and major projects. However, the application of high strength steel in seismic structures is limited by the relative worse ductility, which is usually decreasing with the increasing on yield strength. For this purpose, key issues of using high strength steels in seismic structures are discussed and two design methodologies are proposed. Recent research progress on application of high strength constructional steel achieved at Tongji University is introduced. Finally, future work related to the application of high strength steels are recommended.

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31

Bhattacharya, Debanshu. "Niobium Containing Advanced High Strength Steels for Automotive Applications – Processing, Microstructure, and Properties." Materials Science Forum 773-774 (November 2013): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.773-774.325.

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Two major drivers for the use of advanced steels in the automotive industry are fuel efficiency and increased safety performance. Fuel efficiency is mainly a function of weight of steel parts, which in turn, is controlled by gauge and design. Safety is determined by the energy absorbing capacity of the steel used to make the part. All of these factors are incentives for the automobile manufacturers to use Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) to replace the conventional steels used to manufacture automotive parts in the past. AHSS is a general term used to describe various families of steels. The most common AHSS is the dual-phase steel that consists of a ferrite-martensite microstructure. These steels are characterized by high strength, good ductility, low tensile to yield strength ratio and high bake-hardenability. Another class of AHSS is the complex-phase or multi-phase steel which has a complex microstructure consisting of various phase constituents and a high yield to tensile strength ratio. Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels is another class of AHSS steels finding interest among the U.S. automakers. These steels consist of a ferrite-bainite microstructure with significant amount of retained austenite phase and show the highest combination of strength and elongation, so far, among the AHSS in use. High level of energy absorbing capacity combined with a sustained level of high n value up to the limit of uniform elongation as well as high bake hardenability make these steels particularly attractive for safety critical parts and parts needing complex forming. A relatively new class of AHSS is the Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) steels. These steels seem to offer higher ductility than the dual-phase steels of similar strengths or similar ductility as the TRIP steels at higher strengths. Finally, martensitic steels with very high strengths are also in use for certain parts. The most recent initiative in the area of AHSS is the so-called 3rd Generation AHSS. These steels are designed to fill the region between the dual-phase/TRIP and the Twin Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels with very high ductility at strength levels comparable to the conventional AHSS. Enhanced Q&P steels may be one method to achieve this target. Other ideas include TRIP assisted dual phase steels, high manganese steels and higher carbon TRIP type steels. In this paper, some of the above families of advanced high strength steels for the automotive industry will be discussed with particular emphasis on the role of niobium.

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32

Väisänen, Anu, Kari Mäntyjärvi, and Jussi A. Karjalainen. "Bendability of Ultra-High-Strength Steel." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.611.

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Utilisation of ultra-high-strength (UHS) steels is rapidly spreading from the automotive industry into many other application areas. It is necessary to know how these materials behave in common production processes such as air bending. The bendability of UHS steels is much lower compared to normal and high-strength construction steels. In this work, experimental tests were carried out using complex phase (CP) bainitic-martensitic UHS steels (YS/TS 960/1000 and 1100/1250) and S650MC HS steel in order to inspect material bendability and possible problems in the bending process. Mechanical and geometrical damages were registered and classified. The bending method used was air bending and press brake bending with an elastic lower die. The FE analysis was used to understand the stress state at different points in the material and build-up of failure. As UHS steels cannot stand large local strains, a large radius must be used in air bending. The results show that even when a large radius is used in air bending, the strain is not evenly distributed; there is a clear high strain area in the middle of the bend. It was also possible to simulate the other phenomena occurring in experimental tests, such as losing contact with the punch and ‘nut-like’ geometry, using FE analysis. Experimental test results also show that by using an elastic lower die, it is possible to avoid unwanted phenomena and obtain an almost 50% smaller punch radius, but the required force is 50% bigger than that required in air bending.

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33

Arola, Anna Maija, Kari Mäntyjärvi, and Jussi A. Karjalainen. "FEM - Modeling of Bendability of Ultra-High Strength Steel." Key Engineering Materials 549 (April 2013): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.549.333.

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Ultra-high strength steels have been widely used in different industrial applications. It is necessary to understand the behavior of these materials in common forming processes such as air bending. It is known that the bendability of ultra-high strength steels is lower than other high-strength steels but what are yet to be discovered are the parameters that define the limits of bendability of these steels. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the bendability of ultra-high strength steel using optical strain measurements and FEM-modeling of the bending process. By using the true stress-strain relation measured by optical strain measuring system the bendability of ultra-high-strength steel was modeled fairly accurately. As a result, it was noted that the strain distribution at the bend of a steel possessing better uniform strain was more widely distributed and there were no highly localized strains. On the other hand as the failure occurred the strains were considerably smaller than the true failure strain of the material in uniaxial tension. As a conclusion it was stated that the ability to withstand the localization of deformation might describe the bendability of ultra-high-strength steel better than the values of the uniform or true failure strain in uniaxial tension test.

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34

Chen, Meng Yang, Bo Ming Hwuang, and Jer Ren Yang. "Microstructural Characterizations of Ultra-High Strength Steel Bars." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 796–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.796.

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Steel bars used in high-rising building were developed by the addition of V and Nb in medium carbon steels. In this study, two steel bars with different diameters (16 mm and 36 mm) were analyzed via optical and transmission electron microscopy (OM and TEM)., the microstructures of the steels studuied consist of ferrite and pearlite the same as those of the conventional steel bars, but they possess higher yield strengths (over 685 MPa) in combination of considerable elongations (above 10%). The results of transmission electron microscopy reveals that the copious nano-sized (about 20 nm) carbides were interphase-precipitated in ferrite and that the inter-lamellar spacings of pearlite were extra fine, about with a scale of 100 nm. It has been estimated that the small carbides and fine pearlite provide yield strengths, approximately 300 MPa and 800 MPa, respectively. In addition, the volume fraction of ferrite was up to 40%, which offered sufficient soft phase to experience external stress. The results of tensile tests for the steels studied demonstrat that the amount of strain can be up to 1.4% as a yield stress is reached, and the apparent yield point and plateau are present in the stress-strain curves.

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35

Janssen, M. H. E., M. J. M. Hermans, M. Janssen, and I. M. Richardson. "Fatigue Performance of Laser Brazes in Advanced High Strength Steels." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3254.

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Advance high strength steels (AHSS), like dual phase (DP) and transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels, offer high strength and toughness combined with excellent uniform elongation. However, the higher alloying content of these steels limit their weldability and the thermal cycle of welding processes destroys the carefully designed microstructure. This will result in inferior mechanical properties of the joint. Therefore, joining processes with a low heat input, like brazing, are recommendable. Data regarding mechanical properties of joints in DP and TRIP steel is limited, especially for brazed joints. Results with respect to the fatigue lifetime of laser brazed butt joints are presented. In DP and TRIP steel, crack initiation takes place at the braze toe. In DP steel the crack propagates through the base metal. In TRIP steel, however, the crack may either follow the interface or may continue through the steel depending on the maximum stress level. The different failure mechanisms are explained on the basis of process conditions, the microstructure and the stress state.

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36

KUMASAWA, Michio, Sumio YOSHIOKA, Michinosuke DEMIZU, and Shinji YAMASAKI. "Impact strength for notched high strength steel." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 34, no. 381 (1985): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.34.627.

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37

EMURA, Hideki, and Katsutoshi ASAMI. "Fatigue strength characteristics of high strength steel." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 55, no. 509 (1989): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.55.45.

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38

Il'ina, V. P., and R. I. �ntin. "Structural strength of high-strength steel Kh5MSFA." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 33, no. 6 (June 1991): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00775381.

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39

ASAMI, Katsutoshi, and Hideki EMURA. "Fatigue Strength Characteristics of High-Strength Steel." JSME international journal. Ser. 1, Solid mechanics, strength of materials 33, no. 3 (1990): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmea1988.33.3_367.

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40

Lian, Changwei, Chao Niu, and Fei Han. "Applicability of the formability evaluation method for advanced high strength steels." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1307, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1307/1/012014.

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Abstract The use of high strength and ultra-high strength steels has become the main technical solution for reducing vehicle weight and improving safety. It is more complicated to evaluate the formability of advanced high strength steels with different microstructure and deformation characteristics. In this paper, the applicability of existing formability evaluation methods for advanced high strength steels has been verified by experiment and theoretical analysis. The experiment and data analysis of conventional formability evaluation methods, such as strain hardening index, forming limit curve and hole expansion ratio, were carried out on advanced high strength steels, such as dual-phase steel, complex-phase steel, quenched and tempered steel and dual-phase steel with high formability, which are widely used in automotive industry. It is found that due to the complex work hardening characteristics of advanced high strength steels, the work hardening homogenization and forming limit cannot be characterized by a single work hardening index or forming limit diagram, and the standard hole expansion method cannot reflect the quality sensitivity of the formed edge. A new formability evaluation index is proposed and discussed, which can be used to more accurately compare the formability of advanced high strength steels and provide a reference for material evaluation and part selection.

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41

Ahlborn, Theresa M., and Timothy C. DenHartigh. "Comparative Bond Study of Stainless and High-Chromium Reinforcing Bars in Concrete." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1845, no. 1 (January 2003): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1845-10.

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Concrete bridge decks in corrosive environments have used several methods to prevent corrosion of the reinforcing steel including the use of alternative steels as reinforcement. While research has been conducted on corrosion resistance, very little information is available about the bond strength of alternative metallic reinforcement such as solid stainless steels and high-strength, high-chromium (HSHC) alloys. Therefore, the tensile bond strengths of three alternative metallic steel reinforcements in concrete are compared with conventional A615 Grade 60 steel reinforcement. Two types of stainless steel were considered, 316LN and 2205 duplex. An HSHC microcomposite bar was also considered. A total of 250 bond tests were performed with beam-end specimens similar to the ASTM A944 specimen. Bonded lengths of 4 to 12 in. were used for No. 4 and No. 6 reinforcing bars. Concrete clear cover for all tests was 1½ in. to produce cracking bond failure. No transverse reinforcement was present. The normal strength concrete was typical of that used in Michigan bridge decks. Statistical comparisons of bond test results with predicted values for bond strength of A615 reinforcement revealed there was no reason to believe the bond strength of the alternative metallic reinforcing bars was less than predicted. The conservatism of the current development-length relationships generally predicted lower bond strengths than were observed. Therefore, no modifications are suggested when estimating the development length of these reinforcements as a one-to-one replacement for A615 Grade 60 reinforcement, No. 4 to No. 6 bars, using standard development-length relationships.

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42

Hu, Min. "Study on Welding Technology of Low Alloy High Strength Steel." Key Engineering Materials 814 (July 2019): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.814.242.

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WELDOX series steels are commonly used structural steels. The effects of welding voltage, welding current and arc height on penetration and weld width of WELDOX960 steel sheet were studied. The mechanical properties and microstructure of WELDOX960E high strength steel welded joints were study by tensile, bending, impact, hardness and metallographic analysis.

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43

Choi, In Rak, Kyung Soo Chung, Jin Ho Kim, and Geon Ho Hong. "Structural Performance of High-Strength Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Steel Columns using Different Strength Steels." Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction 24, no. 6 (December 27, 2012): 711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7781/kjoss.2012.24.6.711.

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44

Li, Lin, Yi Gao, Yan Lin He, Wei Shi, Mei Zhang, and Xiao Gang Lu. "Optimization of Mechanical Properties of High Strength TRIP Steels." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.854.

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Traditional TRIP steels have been developed for several decades, however, when thestrength reaches 1000MPa, the elongation rate is difficult to be raised over 20%. In the light ofthermodynamics, phase diagram of TRIP steel containing rather high amount of Al is optimized andthe attractive function of Al, which largely increases carbon solubility in austenite is found. As highercarbon content leads to higher stability of austenite and better TRIP effect of TRIP steel, newcomposition of high strength TRIP steel with high amount Al is designed as well as heat treatmentprocesses. The newly developed TRIP steel exhibits superior mechanical properties and the productof its strength and plasticity is higher than 30000 MPa%, i.e., the target of the mechanical propertiesof 3th generation automotive steel.

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45

Jiao, Zhi Jie, Jian Ping Li, and Jie Sun. "A Pilot Rolling Mill Designed for High Strength Steels." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.210.

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High strength steels, such as austenitic stainless steel, Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steel and silicon steel, have significant work hardening during cold rolling, which in turn induces a quickly increased rolling force. Tension plays a very important role in the reduction of the rolling force. However, coiler tension control system used in the classic experimental rolling mill requires long-scale strip, which cannot be satisfied for most experimental cases. To overcome this drawback, a new pilot rolling mill has been developed. The horizontally located hydraulic cylinders and clamps have been used to apply tension to the rolled short-scale strip. With this rolling mill, the austenitic stainless steel strip, TRIP steel strip and other high strength strips have been studied.

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46

Ene, Anna, Ioan Both, Ovidiu Abrudan, Aurel Stratan, Horia Florin Daşcău, and Nicușor Alin Sîrbu. "Experimental Investigation of Monotonic and Cyclic Behaviour of High-Performance Steels." Key Engineering Materials 953 (August 25, 2023): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-k0xked.

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As a new trend in modern structural design, the high-performance steels are increasingly used in steel structures, due to their superior mechanical properties, which could have decisive impact on the resistance and deformation capacity of structural components. High-performance steels include stainless and high-strength steels. The higher proof stress of the high-strength steels allows using thinner sections and material economy for those structural elements that do not experience stability problems. Austenitic stainless steel shows a series of advantages, including low maintenance costs and an excellent toughness at low temperatures. But the main characteristic which matters especially in seismic design, is the higher ductility, larger strain hardening and elongation at fracture in comparison with carbon steels. In this paper, the analysis of the behaviour of 1.4404 austenitic stainless steel and of S690 high-strength steel, in comparison with a reference S235 mild carbon steel is presented. This paper presents the assessment of the monotonic and cyclic performance of these steel grades, as well as the failure pattern, in order to assess the potential use in structural applications.

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47

Lian, Hui, Yun Fei Zhang, Jiang Tao Xin, Jian Hua Yang, and Guo Xin Li. "Effects of Three Steel Fibers on the Properties of High Strength Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.576.

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Portland cement, crushed stone, sand and superplasticizer were used to obtain a high strength concrete with a low water to binder ratio. Three steel fibers such as waste steel wire, corrugated steel fiber and arch steel fiber were added into the high strength concrete. The effects of the three fibers on the slump and the strengths such as compressive strength, tensile strength and bending strength were researched. The reduction of the slump and the increasing of the strength of the concrete with the arch steel fiber were the most significant due to the highest length-diameter ratio.

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48

Li, Zhen Bao, Hui Ming Zhang, Hua Ma, Er Wei Guo, and Wen Jing Wang. "Research on Horizontal Bearing Capacity of High-Rise RC Shear Wall Arranged High-Strength Steel in Boundary Concealed Columns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.269.

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Based on the plane-section assumption, the formulas of yield moment and ultimate moment are derived for calculating high-rise RC shear wall. High-strength steels are used as transverse and longitudinal steels in boundary concealed columns of the shear wall. The practical application is performed by using the formulas derived for calculating horizontal bearing capacities of four specimens, in which one specimen used ordinary-strength steel and the others used high-strength steel. Meanwhile, the numerical simulation is carried out on the four specimens by finite element method, and the results show that the horizontal bearing capacity of the shear wall increases obviously for specimens using high-strength steel in boundary concealed column, and the simulation results of finite element method are in good agreement with formula results.

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49

Zhou, Zaifeng, Zhexuan Zhang, Quan Shan, Zulai Li, Yehua Jiang, and Ru Ge. "Influence of Heat-Treatment on Enhancement of Yield Strength and Hardness by Ti-V-Nb Alloying in High-Manganese Austenitic Steel." Metals 9, no. 3 (March 6, 2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9030299.

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To deal with the problem of poor yield strength and hardness in the initial use of high-manganese austenitic steel, we investigated the alloying design, microstructure, precipitates, mechanical properties, and comprehensive strengthening mechanism of high-manganese austenitic steel through two novel heat-treatment processes, namely continuous heating process (CHP) and segmented heat preservation process (SHPP). In this work, austenitic Fe-0.9C-17Mn-0.8Si-2.0Cr-0.3Ni-0.5Cu-0.7Mo steels alloyed with Ti, V, and Nb were designed. The grain size of SHPP steels was smaller than that of CHP steels due to the smaller size of precipitates. The results of mechanical experiments showed that the yield strength and impact toughness of SHPP steel were obviously higher than those of CHP steel, but the Brinell hardness of CHP steel was higher than that of SHPP steel. The higher Brinell hardness and poorer impact toughness of CHP steel were mainly due to the larger-sized precipitates. Finally, solid-solution strengthening played the most effective role of increasing the yield and tensile strengths of the two steels.

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Shi, Jie, Wen Quan Cao, and Han Dong. "Ultrafine Grained High Strength Low Alloy Steel with High Strength and High Ductility." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.238.

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In this study a C-Mn High Strength Low Alloy steel (HSLAs) was processed by quenching and austenite reverted transformation during annealing (ART-annealing), which results in an ultrafine grained duplex microstructure characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron back scattered diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and x-rays diffraction (SEM/EBSD, TEM and XRD). Microstructural observation revealed that the full hard martensitic microstucture gradually transformed into ultrafine grained duplex structure with austenite volume fraction up to 30% at specific annealing conditions. Mechanical properties of this processed steel measured by uniaxial tensile testing demonstrated that an excellent combination of strength (Rm~1GPa) and total elongation (A5~40%) at 30% metastable austenite condition in studied C-Mn-HSLAs. This substantially improved strength and ductility were attributed to the strain induced phase transformation of retained austenite dispersed throughout the ultrafine grained microstructure. At last it is proposed that ART-annealing is a promising way to produce high strength and high ductility steel products.

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Journal articles on the topic 'High Strength Steel'

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