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Journal articles on the topic 'High speed steel properties'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Kwok, C. T., K. I. Leong, F. T. Cheng, and H. C. Man. "Enhancement in Properties of High-speed Steel by Laser Surface Treatment(Laser processing)." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2005.1 (2005): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2005.1.257.

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2

Nogueira, Rejane A., Oscar O. Araújo Filho, Leonardo F. M. Souza, João Franklin Liberati, Lucio Salgado, and Francisco Ambrozio Filho. "Grain Size of Commercial High Speed Steel." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.16.

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The heat treatment of high speed steel tools consists of austenitizing, quenching and tempering. The size of austenite grains formed during the hardening treatment is an important factor in the final microstructure of the steel, and it also affects properties such as wear resistance and toughness. This paper presents the austenite grain size, matrix composition and hardness of commercial AISI M2, AISI T15, VWM3C and Sinter 23 high speed steels that were austenitized and quenched from five distinct temperatures. This study shows that increase in quenching temperature results in grain growth of steels such as AISI M2 and VWM3C, obtained by the conventional method (cast to ingot and worked). The P/M Sinter 23 high speed steel showed a slight grain growth (about 10%). This effect was not observed in AISI T15 obtained by the powder metallurgy process.

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3

Zhou, Rui, Jian Fei Sun, and Ying Jun Yang. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spray Deposited W9Mo3Cr4V High Speed Steel." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.714.

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of W9Mo3Cr4V high speed steel fabricated by spray deposition have been studied. Spray deposited W9Mo3Cr4V high speed steel has a typical equiaxed structure which is finer and more homogeneous with a grain size of 20-30 micrometer compared with conventional casted counterparts. There are pores in the matrix of the deposited steel, which involve gas porosity, filling porosity and solidification shrinkage. As-deposited high speed steel is mainly composed of martensite, austenite and carbides which comprise MC carbide and M6C carbide. Mechanical properties show that the hardness and bending strength of the as-deposited steel are higher than that of the conventionally casted ones. However, impact toughness of the high speed steel is lower than that of the conventionally casted steel, which can be attributed to the existence of porosities and M6C carbides which reduce the impact toughness of high speed steels.

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4

Skakov, Мazhyn, Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov, and Gaukhar Karipbayeva. "Structure and Properties of SiC Coated R6M5 High-Speed Steel." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.730.

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A Possibility of R6M5 High-Speed Steel Strengthening by Finishing Plasma Strengthening(FPS) Method to Application of Sic Thin Film Coatings were under Research. by Scanning Electronmicroscopy and X-Ray Analysis Conducted a Comparative Study of the Structure, Phase and Chemicalcomposition before and after Application of Sic Thin Film Coating of R6M5 High-Speed Steel Surfacelayer. it is Experimentally Stated, that the Coverage of Sic Applied Method FPS Consists of Fineglobular Shape at the Size of 100-300 Nm. Determined that the Microhardness of R6M5 Steel Surfaceafter Application Sic Coating Increased Almost to 2.5 Times Comparing to Original. it is Shown Thatthe Application of Sic Thin Film Coating by FPS Method is a Promising Highly Effective Method Ofcutting Tools Surface Strengthening Made from High Speed Steels.

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5

Voglar, Jure, Živa Novak, Patricia Jovičević-Klug, Bojan Podgornik, and Tadeja Kosec. "Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Corrosion Properties of Various High-Speed Steels." Metals 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010014.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the corrosion properties of three different grades of high-speed steel following a heat treatment procedure involving deep cryogenic treatment after quenching and to investigate how these properties are connected to the microstructure and hardness of the material. The hardness of steels was measured, and microstructural properties were determined through observation of the metallographically prepared steels using scanning electron microscopy. These studies were complemented corrosion evaluation by the use of corrosion potential measurement and linear polarization measurement of steels in a sodium tetraborate buffer at pH 10. The results showed that the deep cryogenic procedure of high-speed steel changed the microstructure and consequently affected the hardness of the investigated steels to different extents, depending on their chemical composition. Corrosion studies have confirmed that some high-speed steels have improved corrosion properties after deep cryogenic treatment. The most important improvement in corrosion resistance was observed for deep cryogenically treated high-speed steel EN 1.3395 (M3:2) by 31% when hardened to high hardness values and by 116% under lower hardness conditions. The test procedure for differentiating corrosion properties of differently heat-treated tool steels was established alongside the investigation.

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6

Skakov, Mazhyn, Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov, and Michael Sсheffler. "Effects of Electrolyte Plasma Carbonitriding on Tribological Properties of High Speed Steel." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.7.

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This paper presents research of influence electrolyte plasma carbonitriding on tribological properties of R6M5 high-speed steel. Shows perspectiveness of carbonitriding high-speed steels in electrolyte plasma. The results of research demonstrated increasing wear-resistance of R6M5 steel after carbonitriding in electrolyte plasma. Under the same test conditions by the method of scratch-test have been determined that the depth of the scar of a modified layer has become less in comparison with the original sample, which indicates a significant increase of wear-resistance and hardness of the surface carbonitriding layer R6М5 steel. It was set that after electrolytic-plasma carbonitriding abrasive wear-resistance of the surface layers of R6M5 steel is increased by 25%. Introduction

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7

Mesquita, Rafael Agnelli, and Celso Antonio Barbosa. "Spray forming high speed steel—properties and processing." Materials Science and Engineering: A 383, no. 1 (October 2004): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.02.035.

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8

Velasco, F., R. Isabel, N. Antón, M. A. Martı́nez, and J. M. Torralba. "TiCN—high speed steel composites: sinterability and properties." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 33, no. 6 (June 2002): 819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(02)00024-6.

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9

Ueji, Rintaro, Kenji Harada, Noriyuki Tsuchida, and Kazutoshi Kunishige. "High Speed Deformation of Ultrafine Grained TWIP Steel." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.107.

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Tensile properties of twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels (31%Mn-3%Al-3%Si-Fe) with various mean grain sizes ranging from ultrafine grain size (1.1μm) to conventional one (35.5μm) at a wide range of strain rates from 10-3sec-1 to 103sec-1 were studied. The ultrafine grained TWIP steel exhibits a large work hardening and keeps an adequate elongation at any strain rate. The strength held to the Hall-Petch relationship at each strain rate and the Hall-Petch slopes do not change largely.

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10

Ma, Sheng Qiang, Jian Dong Xing, Ya Ling He, Ye Fei Li, Han Guang Fu, Zhi Fu Huang, and Yi Min Gao. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al-Modified Boron High Speed Steel." Key Engineering Materials 732 (March 2017): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.732.24.

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Boron-bearing high speed steels are widely used in roller materials because of their improved wear resistance and toughness. In present work, aluminum was added into boron high speed steel and the aging-hardening behavior and microstructures of tempered boron high speed steel at various tempering temperatures were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and HR-150A Rockwell hardness tester. The results show that the bulk hardness of boron high speed steel gradually enhances with the increasing destabilized temperature. Aluminum addition cuts down the bulk hardness and delays the hardening process, thus leading to high the hardening value of boron high speed steel shifting to higher destabilized temperature. After tempering process, boron-bearing high speed steel displays precipitate-hardening behavior at the tempered temperature of about 520°C. The bulk hardness of boron-bearing high speed steel achieves 60.5 HRC as a maximum value when the aluminum addition is 0.6 wt.%. More aluminum addition can result in lower precipitate-hardening rate and bulk hardness. The microstructures of boron high speed steel tempered at 520°C consist of eutectic borides and tempered martensite dispersed a lot of secondary precipitates. XRD and TEM results indicate that the precipitate-hardening properties of boron high speed steel depend on precipitates and square degree of martensite

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11

Madej, M. "Copper infiltrated high speed steel skeletons." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 98 (July 1, 2019): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3391.

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Purpose: This article is a monographic summary of the most important research results from the last 10 years regarding HSS based materials. This materias were produced with powder metallurgy technology using spontaneous infiltration. The presented results answer the question of how iron, tungsten carbide and copper additives influence the final properties of these materials and present additional microstructural phenomena revealed during their manufacture. Design/methodology/approach: Materials were produced by spontaneous infiltration. Porous skeletons for infiltration were produced by pressing and pressing and sintering of mixed powders. Copper was used as the infiltrant. Findings: The molten copper was drawn into the porous skeletons, through a capillary action, and filled virtually the entire pore volume to get the final densities exceeding 97% of the theoretical value. Research limitations/implications: As part of further research, microstructures of M30WC composites obtained by direct infiltration of copper into as-sintered porous skeletons using TEM are planned. Practical implications: Efficiant mechanical strength, high hardness, adequate heat resistance and good wear resistance of M3 type 2 HSS powder produced by woter atomisation make it an attractive material for manufacture of valve train components, for example valve seat inserts. Originality/value: The novelty in the article are the results of research on the microstructure made using TEM, the results of testing materials after heat treatment, untypical for high- speed steels. The article attempts to explain the influence of iron addition on properties - such a slight loss of mass as a result of its addition. The second aim of this work is to analyse the microstructural changes during sintering porous skeletons made from HSS with WC additions.

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12

Zhou, Rui, Xiao Gang Diao, Jun Chen, Xiao Nan Du, Guo Ding Yuan, and Gui Fang Sun. "Effect of Spark Plasma Sintering on the Microstructure Evolution and Properties of M3:2 High-Speed Steel." Materials Science Forum 788 (April 2014): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.788.329.

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Effects of sintering temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical performance of SPS M3:2 high speed steel prepared by spark plasma sintering was studied. High speed steel sintering curve of continuous heating from ambient temperature to 1200°C was estimated to analyze the sintering processes and sintering temperature range. The sintering temperature within this range was divided into groups to investigate hardness, relative density and microstructure of M3:2 high-speed steel. Strip and quadrate carbides were observed inside the equiaxed grains. SPS sintering temperature at 900°C can lead to nearly full densification with grain size smaller than 20μm. The hardness and bending strength are higher than that of the conventionally powder metallurgy fabricated ones sintered at 1270°C. However, fracture toughness of the high speed steel is lower than that of the conventional powder metallurgy steels. This can be attributed to the shape and distribution of M6C carbides which reduce the impact toughness of high speed steels.

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13

Jaworski, Jan, and Tomasz Trzepieciński. "Surface Layer Properties of Low-Alloy High-Speed Steel after Grinding." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2016-0042.

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AbstractInvestigations of the surface layer characteristics of selected kinds of low-alloy high-speed steel after grinding were carried out. They were carried out on the flat-surface grinder with a 95A24K grinding wheel without cooling. The influence of grinding parameters was defined especially for: the quantity of secondary austenite, surface roughness, microhardness and grinding efficiency with a large range of grinding parameters: grinding depth 0.005–0.035 mm, lengthwise feed 2–6 m/min, without a cross-feed on the whole width of the sample. It was found that improvement of grinding properties of low-alloy high-speed steels is possible by efficient selection of their chemical composition. The value of the grinding efficiency is conditioned by grinding forces, whose value has an impact on the grinding temperature. To ensure high quality of the tool surface layer (i.e. a smaller amount of secondary austenite, lack of wheel burn and micro-cracks) in the case of sharpening of tools made of low-alloy high-speed steel, the grinding temperature should be as low as possible.

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14

Albano-Muller, L., R. Wahling, N. Katrak, and R. Chattopadhyay. "Manufacturing and Properties of Sintered High Speed Steel Products." Key Engineering Materials 29-31 (January 1991): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.29-31.565.

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15

Popandopulo, A. N., Ko Men Chor, N. B. Tsvetova, and A. A. Smirnov. "Solid-solution composition and powder high-speed steel properties." Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 28, no. 4 (April 1989): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00797986.

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16

Li, Zhong Hou, Sha Sha Liu, and Zhi Yong Cheng. "Study of High Co Superhard High Speed Steel Surface." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.253.

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Cobalt- superhard high speed steel layer has been formed on the surface of low alloy steel 20Cr2V by tungsten-molybdenum-cobalt plasma surface alloying and following plasma carbonizing. After plasma surface alloying, a homogeneous and dense surface alloying layer was formed, thickness of which is 200μm. Composition, microstructure and properties of the alloying layer were investigated. Contents of W, Mo, Co, Cr, V and C in the surface layer reach 8%,5%, 6% ,4%,1.5% and 1.5% or so respectively. The concentrations of alloy elements basically meet the requirements of high cobalt type superhard high speed steel. Constituent phases of the surface layer were martensite, M7C3 ,M2C and Cr3C2 carbides and μ phase after quenching treatment. The advanced gradient superhard high speed steel possesses not only high surface hardness, high anti-temper softening ability but also enough toughness.

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17

Fujiki, Akira, Ichirou Tanimoto, Akiyoshi Ishibashi, and Kazutoshi Takemura. "Mechanical properties of PM steels dispersed with high speed steel powder particles." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 38, no. 1 (1991): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.38.27.

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18

Zhong, Hai Lin, Y. Fang, C. Kuang, X. Kuang, Q. Hao, and X. Li. "Development of Powder Metallurgy High Speed Steel." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 1854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1854.

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High speed steels (HSS) have been widely used worldwide. This paper introduced some research results of high speed steels via Powder Metallurgy process. High speed steels AHPT15 (W12Cr4V5Co5 ) were investigated via gas atomization, hot isostatic pressing, hot working and heat treatment processes. Microstructure of the steels, precipitation of carbides and the influence of nonmetallic inclusions on mechanical properties of the steels were investigated. PM HSS showed fine and uniform microstructure and exhibited excellent toughness and wear resistance, with bend strength up to 3500 MPa and hardness up to 68.0 HRC.

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19

Kalinichenko, A. S., V. I. Ovchinnikov, S. M. Usherenko, and Javad F. Yazdani-Cherati. "Improving Properties of Tool Steels by Method of Dynamic Alloying." Science & Technique 18, no. 5 (October 14, 2019): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2019-18-5-369-379.

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The influence of high-speed particle fluxes on changes in the structure and properties of materials has been widely studied currently. The effect exerted by particles moving at very high speeds can have both negative (in spacecrafts) and positive character (dynamic processing of tool steels). Therefore a task for studying an effect of high-speed particle flows on structure change in tool steels and improving their performance properties has been set in the paper. The study has used an explosive method for creation of a high-speed flow of SiC + Ni and Al2O3 particles. Samples after dynamic alloying have been subjected to diffusion nitriding. Microstructure of specimens made of X12M, R18, R6M5K5steel has been studied using optical and electron metallography. Wear resistance of the samples has been also tested on a friction machine. Theoretical and experimental results on a complex effect of high-speed microparticle flows and nitriding on a structure and properties of tool steels have been obtained during the research. It has been established that dynamic alloying by particles leads to formation of a specific structure in a composite material reinforced with channels. Central fiber (channel) zone with powder particles residues is surrounded by areas of amorphous state which is succeeded by a zone with a nanocrystalline fragmented cellular structure. Then we observe a zone with a microcrystalline structure that transits to a zone with crystalline structure which is characteristic for a matrix material of structural steel. The obtained data can expand and complement some ideas about mechanisms for dynamic loading of solids and condensed matter, plastic deformation, physical mechanics of structurally inhomogeneous media at different levels, a number of effects arising from collision and ultra-deep penetration of microparticles into metals. It has been shown that wear resistance of high-speed steel subjected to dynamic alloying in the quenched state is increased by 1.2 times in comparison with wear resistance of steel alloyed in the annealing state.

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20

Krbata, Michal, Maros Eckert, Jozef Majerik, and Igor Barenyi. "Wear Behaviour of High Strength Tool Steel 90MnCrV8 in Contact with Si3N4." Metals 10, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10060756.

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Tool steels are used in technological processes of forming and cutting and as cutting tools due to their good mechanical properties. During their working cycle, steels are exposed to several aggressive conditions, such as thermal stress, fatigue and various forms of wear. In this article, the selected 90MnCrV8 tool steel slid against the Si3N4 testing ceramic bearing ball. All measurements were performed on a universal tribometric device UMT TriboLab (TA Instruments, New Castle, Delaware, USA) under dry conditions. The main objective of the performed experiments was to analyse the frictional properties and compare the wear of the 90MnCrV8 tested tool steel in contact with the 6.35 mm diameter ceramic ball at different friction speeds. In this measurement evaluation, the authors of the article mainly focused on the influence of the magnitude of the peripheral speed on the wear change and coefficient of friction. Further analysis was focused on the change of surface roughness of the counterpart ceramic balls as well as of the tested tool steel samples. Experimental results show the fact that tested tool steels, which can also be considered as high strength steels, can also successfully represent wear-resistant steels. It has been shown experimentally that increasing the friction speed also leads to significant degradation of the material on the sample surface. Finally, the effect of hardness on wear has also been experimentally demonstrated. The Si3N4 ceramic ball with its high strength also behaves like an abrasive, thus increasing the wear rate on the experimental tool steel samples.

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21

Ueda, Koshiro, Mutsumi Moribayashi, and Tohru Kohno. "The properties of HIP'ed M.I.M. High Speed Steel(JIS SKH51)." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 40, no. 6 (1993): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.40.589.

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22

UEYAMA, Tomoyuki, Hiroshi FUJIWARA, Kei AMEYAMA, Suguru MATSUNAGA, and Takashi YOSHIMOTO. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extrafine High-Speed Steel Wire." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 48, no. 552 (2007): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.48.31.

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23

Kothari, N. C. "Mechanical Properties of PM-Hiped M2 High Speed Steel (HSS)." Solid State Phenomena 25-26 (January 1992): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.25-26.471.

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24

Shaojun, Shi, Zeng Xianping, and Sun Chengtong. "Heat-treatment and properties of high-speed steel cutting tools." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 423 (November 6, 2018): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/423/1/012031.

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25

Cajner, Franjo, Vojteh Leskovšek, Darko Landek, and Hrvoje Cajner. "Effect of Deep-Cryogenic Treatment on High Speed Steel Properties." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 24, no. 7-8 (May 28, 2009): 743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910902809743.

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26

Fu, Hanguang, Shengqiang Ma, Jianqiang Hou, Yongping Lei, and Jiandong Xing. "Microstructure and Properties of Cast B-Bearing High Speed Steel." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 22, no. 4 (September 18, 2012): 1194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0378-x.

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27

Zhang, Ya-guang, Han-guang Fu, Sheng-qiang Ma, Jian Lin, Xing-ye Guo, Chang-an Wang, and Yong-ping Lei. "Microstructure and properties of modified Al-bearing high boron high-speed steel." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 47, no. 6 (March 1, 2019): 693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2019.1580028.

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28

Lin, Hua, You Xi Lin, and Zhen Wei Han. "Effects of Cutting Speed on the Wear Properties of TiAlN PVD Coated Tool for Cutting P20 Mold Steel." Key Engineering Materials 621 (August 2014): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.621.69.

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High-speed cutting is an important method for improving the efficiency and quality of machining mold steel, but the wear of tool is one of the key factors restricting the improvement of cutting speed, which brings higher requirement for the material of tools. At present, most of the research is about high-speed cutting for high hardness mold steel, while only a limited research work on the pre-hardened plastic mold steel with hardness between 30 HRC and 42HRC, such as P20 mold steel. To explore the effects of cutting speed on the wear properties of TiAlN PVD coated tool for cutting P20 mold steel, the experiments in different cutting speeds were carried out under dry condition. Wear characterization of the rake and the flank surfaces were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). It was revealed that at the low speed (160m/min), adhesion (built-up edge) followed by delamination was found to be the cause of wear damage; at the high speed (320m/min), the dominant wear mechanisms were oxidation wear and diffusion wear, followed by adhesive wear and melt wear; as the cutting speed increased, the proportion of oxidation wear and diffusion wear was gradually increased.

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29

Yu, Hai Yan, Li Bao, You Zhi Deng, and Wei Cao. "Forming Response of Ultra High Strength Steel Sheet to Stamping Speed during Hot Forming." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.123.

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Stamping speed is an important parameter in sheet metal forming especially in hot forming. In this study, hot forming of a U-shaped part made of ultra high strength boron steel (22MnB5) sheet is simulated with solid elements. The mechanical properties of 22MnB5 steel sheet and the key process parameters are introduced in detail. Emphasis is laid on the forming response of the boron steel sheet to stamping speeds of 3.25m/s, 0.325m/s and 0.0325m/s. The mechanism of stamping speed acting on hot formability and temperature field of the stamped part is analyzed. It is demonstrated that stamping speed affects both formability and the heat transferred from blank to tools and to environment during hot forming. And the coupling effect of material properties, the heat produced during plastic deformation and heat boundary condition decides the formability and temperature field. An appropriate stamping speed is more important for hot forming than that for common cold forming.

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30

Huang, Shi Hong, Ting Lei, Hong Xiao Chi, and Dang Shen Ma. "Application of Si in Tool and Die Steel." Advanced Materials Research 676 (March 2013): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.676.35.

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This paper analyzed the application status of Si in high speed tool steel, cold working die steel, hot work die steel and plastic die steel. On this basis, the effect of Si on the properties of different types of tool and dies steels is summarized. There is the certain reference value of the application of Si in tool and die steels.

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31

Hou, Suo Xia, Xiao Ming Jia, and Chao Wu. "Magnetic Field on Properties of Solid Lubricants Coating on High-Speed Steel Surface." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 728–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.728.

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The main factors that affect properties of solid lubricant coating on high-speed steel surface are the surface roughness and the weight of phosphate coating. The effect of magnetic field on high speed steel phosphate process is significant. It promotes the film and the different appearance and composition of the film. Because the ferric phosphate and dihydric phosphate in phosphate solution may be ordered arrangement by additional magnetic field, they can be deposited on metal surfaces quickly. That is to say that a certain intensity of the magnetic field can reduce the entropy of the phosphate processing system and speed up the formation of phosphate film. During phosphate treatment, the friction performance of high-speed steel coated with solid lubricant coating was significantly improved.

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32

Chaus, Alexander S., J. Chovanec, and M. Legerská. "Development of High-Speed Steels for Cast Metal-Cutting Tools." Solid State Phenomena 113 (June 2006): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.113.559.

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As-cast high-speed steels heat-treated have completely much lower impact toughness than that of the steels of a similar chemical composition but undergone hot working – rolling or forging. That is attributed to the influence of eutectic carbides, which especially being coarse, provide easily brittle intergrain fracture sites under low stress intensity factor levels. This is especially real for cast cutting tools. In order to exhibit good all-round performance the impact toughness enhancement of as-cast high-speed steels is obligatorily needed. In this connection it is expedient to turn from high-speed steels of conventional ledeburitic origin to high-speed steels of hypereutectoid and ferritic-carbidic ones with considerably lower carbide heterogeneity resulting in enhanced impact toughness. In the present work special features of the structure, phase composition and properties of such high-speed steels designed for cast tool are studied. In order to substitute tungsten by chromium in as-cast high-speed steel a special alloying system has also been developed.

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33

YAMADA, Yusuke, Hiroshi FUJIWARA, Hiroyuki MIYAMOTO, and Kei AMEYAMA. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Speed Steel/Carbon Steel Composite with Harmonic Structure." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 60, no. 4 (2013): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.60.160.

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34

Wei, Shizhong, Zhu Jinhua, Xu Liujie, and Long Rui. "Effects of carbon on microstructures and properties of high vanadium high-speed steel." Materials & Design 27, no. 1 (January 2006): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2004.09.027.

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35

Zhao, Xingzhong, Jiajun Liu, Baoliang Zhu, Jinlin Ouyang, and Qunji Xue. "Tribological properties of TiC-based ceramic/high speed steel pairs at high temperatures." Ceramics International 24, no. 1 (January 1998): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-8842(96)00069-7.

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36

Skakov, Mazhyn, Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov, Michael Scheffler, and Erlan Batyrbekov. "Microstructure and tribological properties of electrolytic plasma nitrided high-speed steel." Materials Testing 57, no. 4 (April 2015): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/120.110709.

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37

Kheirandish, Shahram, Yoosof Haaj Karim Kharrazi, and Shamseddin Mirdamadi. "Mechanical Properties of M7 High Speed Cast Steel Modified with Niobium." ISIJ International 37, no. 7 (1997): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.37.721.

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MITSUO, Atsushi, Masahiro KAWAGUCHI, Saiko AOKI, Kazuo MORIKAWA, and Hideto SUZUKI. "Surface Properties on High-Speed Tool Steel Implanted with Methane Plasma." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 59, no. 3 (2008): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.59.185.

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Chaus, Alexander S., Lubomír Čaplovič, and Ján Porubský. "Microstructure and Properties of CBN Diffusion Coating on High-Speed Steel." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.542.

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CBN diffusion coating on the ball nose end mills made of AISI-M35 high speed steel (HSS) has been produced thermo-chemically. The microstructure and component depth profiles of the CBN diffusion layer have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The results on laboratory cutting tests of ball nose end mills made of AISI-M35 HSS with and without complex CBN diffusion coating are also introduced in the paper. The relationship between wear kinetics and tool life has been established. It was shown that under the used cutting conditions the tool life of the mills with the coating was a factor of 1.6 higher than that of the mills without the coating. The higher tribological stability of the coating in cutting process was supported by metallographic observations of the worn surfaces using scanning electron microscopy.

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Park, Joon Wook, Huo Choon Lee, and Sunghak Lee. "Composition, microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of high-speed steel rolls." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 30, no. 2 (February 1999): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0329-9.

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41

Shi, Gongqi, Peidao Ding, Jianglong Liu, Huaijun Yin, and Jian Wang. "Microstructure and properties of laser surface hardened M2 high speed steel." Acta Metallurgica et Materialia 43, no. 1 (January 1995): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(95)90277-5.

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42

Sidorchuk, O. M. "Structure and properties of low-alloy high-speed spray-formed steel." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 50, no. 11-12 (March 2012): 704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11106-012-9378-5.

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43

Natori, Keiko, Kenichi Watanabe, Tatsuya Tanaka, and Yutaka Imaida. "Study on Impact Crushing Properties of High Strength Steel Sheets." Key Engineering Materials 473 (March 2011): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.473.376.

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The purpose of this study is to verify the validity of sheet buckling design based on the effective width theory investigation of impact crushing properties in high strength steel sheets. We clarify the need to make full sections effectively without elastic buckling occurring and consider the application of the effective width theory under high speed deformation. We report our findings of our investigation into the sheet buckling phenomenon with numerical simulation by varying deformation strain rate, mechanical property of material and member configuration. The results demonstrate that, with increasing crush speed, the cross section of a steel sheet become effective, while there is a high possibility of the buckling phenomenon that does not function as efficient impact absorption and is not evaluated with the existing theory.

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Du, San Ming, Yong Zhen Zhang, and Bao Shangguan. "High-Speed Dry Tribological Behaviors of CrNiMo Steel in Nitrogen and Oxygen Atmospheres." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.877.

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Abstract: In this article, the high-speed dry sliding tribological behaviors of CrNiMo steel against brass in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres are investigated using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The worn surface is characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersion spectrums analysis. The wear mechanisms of CrNiMo steel are also analyzed. The results indicate that the tribological properties of CrNiMo steel are coincidental with the law of dry sliding of metal, where the friction coefficients decreases with an increase in sliding speed and with normal load. However, the atmosphere has obvious effects on the tribological properties of CrNiMo steel. In the sliding process, friction heat plays an important role on the tribological properties of materials in high-speed dry friction. The high-speed wear mechanism of CrNiMo steel varies at different atmospheres. In a nitrogen atmosphere, the wear mechanism of CrNiMo steel is mainly characterized by adhesion at a lower speed and load. When the speed and load are increased, melting trace is found in the worn surface accompanied by an abrasive wear. In an oxygen atmosphere, the mechanism is characterized by adhesion at a lower speed and load; with an increase in speed and load, it gradually transformed into oxidation wear and abrasive wear. The difference of the wear mechanisms in the different atmospheres and test parameters is primarily due to the transfer films formed on the contact surfaces of the sliding pairs. In our experimental conditions, the surface film is mainly the metal film in nitrogen, whereas, it is the oxide film in oxygen.

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Matula, G., Leszek Adam Dobrzański, Gemma Herranz, A. Várez, B. Levenfeld, and José M. Torralba. "Influence of Binders on the Structure and Properties of High Speed-Steel HS6-5-2 Type Fabricated Using Pressureless Forming and PIM Methods." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.693.

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Based on the comparison of structures and properties of the HS6-5-2 high speed steels made with the powder injection moulding method, pressureless forming, compacting and sintering, and commercial steels made with the ASEA-STORA method, fine carbides spread evenly in the steel matrix were found in the structure of all tested high-speed steels in the sintered state. The use of a nitrogen atmosphere in the sintering process, causes the formation of fine, spherical MX type carbonitrides, stable in high sintering and austenitizing temperatures. The steels made with the pressureless forming method are characteristic of the lowest sintering temperature and the highest density, resulting from the high carbon concentration coming from the binding agent degradation. Moreover, the higher carbon concentration causes an increase in the retained austenite portion and a lower hardness after quenching and tempering. The heat-treated injection moulded steel attains hardness comparable to the commercial ASP23 type one, demonstrating the well-founded reasons for using the powder-injection moulding method for manufacturing the high-speed steel. The powder-injection moulding makes manufacturing tools possible with their final shape, i.e., leaving out the plastic forming and machining which is necessary for instance in case of the ASP 23 type steel. Furthermore, the degradation and sintering process time of the injection moulded steels is approximately 10h shorter than for steels made with pressureless moulding, which is due to the use of a two-component binding agent.

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Gogte, Chandrashekhar, Dilip Peshwe, Ajay Likhite, and Sachin Lomte. "On the Mechanism of the Effect of the Cryogenic Treatment on High Speed Steels." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 7138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.7138.

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The effect of subzero treatment on tool steels is well known, and is commercially practiced for certain varieties of tool steels. Substantial research is being carried out on the behavior of tool steels after cryogenic treatment (CT). While it has been established that CT improves the wear properties in some steels, the mechanism of this behavioral aspect is not yet fully known. Most work has been focused on AISI M2 high speed steel related to the effect on different properties, but the microstructural change is not yet conclusively identified. Neither the past research has brought forth the exact principles on which CT should be based. Some of these important issues are addressed in this paper.

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Hradil, David, Michal Duchek, Taťána Hrbáčková, and Aleksander Ciski. "GAS NITRIDING WITH DEEP CRYOGENIC TREATMENT OF HIGH-SPEED STEEL." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 24, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v24i2.1058.

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<p class="AMSmaintext"><span lang="EN-GB">Nitriding with subsequent heat treatment in combination with deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) produces nitrided layers with specific properties. Layers with unique properties result from the dissolution of subsurface layers of iron nitrides and subsequent nitrogen diffusion into the substrate during austenitisation. Fine precipitates of carbonitrides eventually form during DCT and tempering. Intermediate deep cryogenic treatment was performed between the quenching and tempering steps. This work is based on comparing nitrided layers obtained using conventional treatment parameters with nitrided layers from novel processes. The experimental material was DIN 1.3343 (Czech Standard 41 9830) high-speed steel. Several treatment methods were compared in terms of the resulting hardness and metallographic characteristics.</span></p><p> </p>

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48

Umer, Usama, Lijing Xie, and Xibin Wang. "FINITE ELEMENT CHIP FORMATION ANALYSIS FOR HIGH SPEED MILLING OPERATIONS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 32, no. 3-4 (September 2008): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2008-0034.

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High speed end milling of hardened steel offers several advantages over EDM in die/molds applications especially due to recent development in machine tools, spindles and controllers. However successful implementation of this technology is limited mainly due to faster tool wear and undesirable surface properties. Finite element modeling and simulation techniques are capable of optimizing the cutting conditions and tool geometry by predicting the temperature and stresses distributions. In this study a finite element model has been developed to predict cutting forces, temperature and stresses distributions in flat end milling processes of hardened steel using PCBN at high cutting speeds. High speed end milling experiments were conducted using flat bottom end mills with single insert having straight cutting edge. Comparison of simulated and experimental cutting forces data shows reasonable agreement at high speed regime using the developed model.

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Wang, Jin, Jian Gang Li, and Nian Suo Xie. "Research on the Cutting Properties of SiC/Cu Composite." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1239.

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The cemented carbide tool and high speed steel tool are used as experimental cutting tools. The cutting properties of composite were studied by cutting lathe, tool microscope and light-section method microscope. The results show that carbide and high speed steel tool flank wear rate increase with the increasing of SiC particles size as well as the content of SiC particles. When the particles size of SiC is 40μm, composite cutting surface roughness increases with increasing of the content of SiC particles. While the particles size of SiC is 20μm, composite cutting surface roughness decreases with increasing of the content of SiC particles. In the same cutting conditions, the Carbide tolls have longer life than high-speed steel tools.

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50

Jiang, Bin, Yin Jin Yang, Xian Li Liu, Chang Xing Qi, and Xing Fa Zhao. "Incidence Analysis on Characteristic of High Speed Ball-End Milling Hardened Steel." Advanced Materials Research 188 (March 2011): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.188.73.

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In high speed ball-end milling hardened steel, the increase of hardened steel hardness and cutting efficiency make cutting loads changing, and fuzzy and uncertain properties exist in evaluating cutting vibration and machining surface quality. To explore the means for high efficiency and precision machining hardened steel, carried out the experiment of high speed ball-end milling hardened steel, and acquired behavior data of high speed milling characteristic and influencing factors. Founded the model of high speed ball-end milling behavior characteristic using grey system theory, acquired the behavior sequence of high speed ball-end milling hardened steel. Accomplished incidence analysis of high speed milling characteristic, and proposed the solution to high efficiency and precision machining hardened steel. Results indicate that the increase in cutting efficiency makes workpiece vibration and the increase in surface roughness. The influence of the row spacing on the vibration in feed direction is more remarkable than the vibration in row spacing direction. Grey incidence matrix of high speed ball-end milling characteristic reveals the interaction level of characteristic and influencing factors. Increase in rotational speed and row spacing, and decrease in feed per tooth and inclination angle of cutter can restrain availably the vibration in high speed ball-end milling hardened steel, and obtain higher cutting efficiency and surface quality.

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