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Journal articles on the topic 'High-speed liquid jet'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

KATO, Takahisa, Nobushige TAMAKI, Masanori SHIMIZU, and Hiroyuki HIROYASU. "815 Atomization of High Speed Liquid Jet." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 005.2 (2000): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.005.2.261.

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2

Shi, H. H., J. E. Field, and C. S. J. Pickles. "High Speed Liquid Impact Onto Wetted Solid Surfaces." Journal of Fluids Engineering 116, no. 2 (June 1, 1994): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910278.

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The mechanics of impact by a high-speed liquid jet onto a solid surface covered by a liquid layer is described. After the liquid jet contacts the liquid layer, a shock wave is generated, which moves toward the solid surface. The shock wave is followed by the liquid jet penetrating through the layer. The influence of the liquid layer on the side jetting and stress waves is studied. Damage sites on soda-lime glass, PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) and aluminium show the role of shear failure and cracking and provide evidence for analyzing the impact pressure on the wetted solids and the spatial pressure distribution. The liquid layer reduces the high edge impact pressures, which occur on dry targets. On wetted targets, the pressure is distributed more uniformly. Despite the cushioning effect of liquid layers, in some cases, a liquid can enhance material damage during impact due to penetration and stressing of surface cracks.

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3

Arzate, A., and P. A. Tanguy. "Hydrodynamics of Liquid Jet Application in High-Speed Jet Coating." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 83, no. 2 (February 2005): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/cherd.04150.

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4

Kanemura, Takuji, Hiroo Kondo, Hirokazu Sugiura, Hiroshi Horiike, Nobuo Yamaoka, Tomohiro Furukawa, Mizuho Ida, Izuru Matsushita, and Kazuyuki Nakamura. "ICONE19-43608 DIAGNOSTICS OF HIGH-SPEED LIQUID LITHIUM JET FOR IFMIF/EVEDA LITHIUM TEST LOOP." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2011.19 (2011): _ICONE1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2011.19._icone1943_246.

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5

Hiroyuki, Abe, Yoshida Kenji, Fukuhara Yuichi, and Kataoka Isao. "1014 MEASUREMENT OF LIQUID FRACTION DISTRIBUTION OF HIGH SPEED WATER JET BY LASER SHRIELEN METHOD." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2013.4 (2013): _1014–1_—_1014–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2013.4._1014-1_.

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6

SHIMIZU, Masanori, Masataka ARAI, and Hiroyuki HIROYASU. "Disintegrating process of a high speed liquid jet." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 54, no. 504 (1988): 2236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.54.2236.

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7

Shi, Hong-Hui, Kazuyoshi Takayama, and Osamu Onodera. "Experimental Study of Pulsed High-Speed Liquid Jet." JSME International Journal Series B 36, no. 4 (1993): 620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.36.620.

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8

Hilbing, J. H., and Stephen D. Heister. "NONLINEAR SIMULATION OF A HIGH-SPEED, VISCOUS LIQUID JET." Atomization and Sprays 8, no. 2 (1998): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/atomizspr.v8.i2.20.

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9

Boiko, V. M., A. Yu Nesterov, and S. V. Poplavski. "Liquid atomization in a high-speed coaxial gas jet." Thermophysics and Aeromechanics 26, no. 3 (May 2019): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0869864319030077.

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10

Anufriev, I. S., E. Yu Shadrin, E. P. Kopyev, O. V. Sharypov, and V. V. Leschevich. "Liquid fuel spraying by a high-speed steam jet." Thermophysics and Aeromechanics 27, no. 4 (July 2020): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0869864320040162.

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11

Rallison, J. M., and E. J. Hinch. "Instability of a high-speed submerged elastic jet." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 288 (April 10, 1995): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112095001157.

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The linearized inertial instability of the parallel shear flow of a viscoelastic liquid is considered. An elastic Rayleigh equation is derived, for high Reynolds numbers and high Weissenberg numbers, and for a viscoelastic liquid whose first normal stress dominates other stresses. The equation is used to investigate the stability of a submerged jet, that may be planar or axisymmetric, having a parabolic velocity profile. The sinuous mode is found to be fully stabilized by sufficiently large elasticity. The varicose mode in the planar case is partially stabilized, being unstable only at longer wavelengths and with a reduced growth rate. An axisymmetric jet, which is stable to varicose perturbations at zero elasticity, is found to be unstable to short-wave disturbances for small non-zero elasticity. This novel instability involves elastic waves in the shear. It is also present in other modes but does not have the fastest growth rate.

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12

Matthujak, Anirut, Chaidet Kasamnimitporn, Wuttichai Sittiwong, and Kulachate Pianthong. "Effects of Different Liquid Properties on the Characteristics of Impact-Generated High-Speed Liquid Jets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.370.

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This paper describes the study of high-speed liquid jets injected in air from an orifice. The main focus is to study the effect of different liquid properties on the characteristics of the high-speed liquid jets injected in ambient air. The high-speed liquid jets are generated by the impact of a projectile, which known as impact acceleration method, launched in a horizontal single-stage power gun (HSSPG). The conical nozzle of 30° angle with the orifice diameter of 0.7 mm was used to generate the jets. The characteristics of high-speed jets were visualized by the high-speed digital video camera with shadowgraph optical arrangement. From the shadowgraph images, the jet formation, atomization, vaporization and shock waves were obviously observed. The maximum averaged velocity of water, alcohol, n-hexane, chloroform and glycerin jets is estimated to be 1,669.03 m/s, 1,548.59 m/s, 1,420.44 m/s, 1,204.46 m/s and 1,496.97 m/s, respectively. That effect on the maximum penetration distance of the water jet is longer than that of all jets. Surface tension and latent heat are the significant physical property for jet formation, while density, kinematics viscosity and heat capacity are not.

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13

Yoshihashi-Suzuki, Sachiko, Eiji Hoashi, Takuji Kanemura, Hiroo Kondo, Nobuo Yamaoka, and Hiroshi Horiike. "Characteristics of surface oscillation on high speed liquid Li jet." Fusion Engineering and Design 87, no. 7-8 (August 2012): 1434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2012.03.027.

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14

Keshavarz, B., S. I. Green, and D. T. Eadie. "Elastic liquid jet impaction on a high-speed moving surface." AIChE Journal 58, no. 11 (January 31, 2012): 3568–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.13737.

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15

Oda, Tetsuya, Hiroyuki Hiroyasu, Masataka Arai, and Keiya Nishida. "Characterization of Liquid Jet Atomization across a High-Speed Airstream." JSME International Journal Series B 37, no. 4 (1994): 937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.37.937.

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16

ARAKI, Mikiya, Chengjun XU, Seiichi SHIGA, Hideshi YAMADA, Shigeru HAYASHI, and Hisao NAKAMURA. "Atomization of a High Speed Liquid Jet by Wall Impingement." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 71, no. 703 (2005): 978–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.71.978.

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17

Keshavarz, B., S. I. Green, M. H. Davy, and D. T. Eadie. "Newtonian liquid jet impaction on a high-speed moving surface." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 32, no. 6 (December 2011): 1216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2011.08.001.

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18

Ao, Yun Hui. "High Speed Photography and 3-D CFD Simulation of Pulsed Anti-Riots Water Cannon Launch Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 1301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.1301.

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In order to study the atomization mechanism of gas-liquid two-phase flow, high speed camera was used to photo the water-jet, the jet images at different time were gained, CFD technology was used to simulate the launch process of water cannon in 3-D Model, Large Eddy Simulation and VOF model were used to describe the turbulent flow and track the gas-liquid interface in and out of launch pipe. The gas-liquid distribution image of experiment and simulation, water-jet velocity of experiment and simulation both matched well with other. The simulation results show that the flow pattern in launch pipe of water cannon changed from atomization pattern to annular pattern and finally slug pattern, the conclusion has significant meaning to the study of second spray and first atomization of water-jet.

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19

Umemura, Akira. "Model for the initiation of atomization in a high-speed laminar liquid jet." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 757 (September 29, 2014): 665–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.511.

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AbstractA laminar water jet issuing at high speed from a short circular nozzle into air exhibits various instability features at different distances from the nozzle exit. Near the exit, the effects of gaseous friction and pressure are relatively weak. Deformation of the jet surface in this region is mainly due to the instability of a thin liquid shear layer flow, which relaxes from the velocity profile produced by the nozzle wall. In this paper, a model for this type of instability based on linear stability analysis is investigated to describe the process initiating the formation of liquid ligaments disintegrating into fine droplets near the nozzle exit. The modelling comprises identifying unstable waves excitable in the liquid shear layer and exploring a self-destabilizing mechanism by which unstable waves responsible for the formation of liquid ligaments are naturally reproduced from the upstream-propagating capillary waves produced by the growth of the unstable waves themselves. An expression for the location of ligament formation onset is derived that can be compared with experiments. The model also explains changes in jet instability features away from the nozzle exit and for very short nozzles.

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20

NAKAYAMA, HARUKA, ROCCO PORTARO, CHARLES BASENGA KIYANDA, and HOI DICK NG. "CFD MODELING OF HIGH SPEED LIQUID JETS FROM AN AIR-POWERED NEEDLE-FREE INJECTION SYSTEM." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 16, no. 04 (June 2016): 1650045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519416500457.

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A liquid jet injector is a biomedical device intended for drug delivery. Medication is delivered through a fluid stream that penetrates the skin. This small diameter liquid stream is created by a piston forcing a fluid column through a nozzle. These devices can be powered by springs or compressed gas. In this study, a CFD simulation is carried out to investigate the fluid mechanics and performance of needle free injectors powered specifically by compressed air. The motion of the internal mechanisms of the injector which propels a liquid jet through an orifice is simulated by the moving boundary method and the fluid dynamics is modeled using LES/VOF techniques. In this paper, numerical results are discussed by comparing the fluid stagnation pressures of the liquid jet with previously published experimental measurements obtained using a custom-built prototype of the air-powered needle free liquid injector. Performance plots as a function of various injector parameters are presented and explained.

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21

YAMAGUCHI, Makoto, Yuki KOBAYASHI, Takahiro TOGA, Yuki INOUE, Takahiro SUMI, and Tokitada HASHIMOTO. "Penetration process into a viscoelastic substance by high-speed liquid jet." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2018.71 (2018): B15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2018.71.b15.

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22

Itoh, Kazuhiro, Yoshiyuki Tsuji, Hideo Nakamura, and Yutaka Kukita. "Free-Surface Shear Layer Instabilities on a High-Speed Liquid Jet." Fusion Technology 37, no. 1 (January 2000): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst00-a124.

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23

DAIKOKU, Masatoshi, Takumi YAMAGUCHI, Takahiro OKABE, Takao INAMURA, Tatsuya SOMA, Souta NYUUI, Yasuhiro SAITO, Yosuke MATSUSHITA, Hideyuki AOKI, and Jyunichi FUKUNO. "Atomization Characteristics of Thin Liquid Jet by High-speed Air Flow." Proceedings of Autumn Conference of Tohoku Branch 2017.53 (2017): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetohoku.2017.53.306.

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24

Shi, Hong-Hui, and Motoyuki Itoh. "Design and Experiment of a Small High-Speed Liquid Jet Apparatus." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 35, Part 1, No. 7 (July 15, 1996): 4157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.35.4157.

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25

Oyarte Gálvez, Loreto, Maria Brió Pérez, and David Fernández Rivas. "High speed imaging of solid needle and liquid micro-jet injections." Journal of Applied Physics 125, no. 14 (April 14, 2019): 144504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5074176.

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26

Sugimoto, Taro, Akiko Kaneko, Yutaka Abe, Akihiro Uchibori, Akikazu Kurihara, Takashi Takata, and Hiroyuki Ohshima. "Droplet entrainment by high-speed gas jet into a liquid pool." Nuclear Engineering and Design 380 (August 2021): 111306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111306.

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27

LASHERAS, J. C., E. VILLERMAUX, and E. J. HOPFINGER. "Break-up and atomization of a round water jet by a high-speed annular air jet." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 357 (February 25, 1998): 351–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112097008070.

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The near- and far-field break-up and atomization of a water jet by a high-speed annular air jet are examined by means of high-speed flow visualizations and phase Doppler particle sizing techniques. Visualization of the jet's near field and measurements of the frequencies associated with the gas–liquid interfacial instabilities are used to study the underlying physical mechanisms involved in the primary break-up of the water jet. This process is shown to consist of the stripping of water sheets, or ligaments, which subsequently break into smaller lumps or drops. An entrainment model of the near-field stripping of the liquid is proposed, and shown to describe the measured liquid shedding frequencies. This simplified model explains qualitatively the dependence of the shedding frequency on the air/water momentum ratio in both initially laminar and turbulent water jets. The role of the secondary liquid break-up in the far-field atomization of the water jet is also investigated, and an attempt is made to apply the classical concepts of local isotropy to explain qualitatively the measurement of the far-field droplet size distribution and its dependence on the water to air mass and momentum ratios. Models accounting for the effect of the local turbulent dissipation rate in the gas on both the break-up and coalescence of the droplets are developed and compared with the measurements of the variation of the droplet size along the jet's centreline. The total flux of kinetic energy supplied by the gas per unit total mass of the spray jet was found to be the primary parameter determining the secondary break-up and coalescence of the droplets in the far field.

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28

Reddy, Rajesh, and R. Banerjee. "Study of Disintegration of a High Speed Liquid Jet Using VOF Method." Procedia IUTAM 15 (2015): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.piutam.2015.04.043.

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29

ARAKI, Mikiya, Chengjun XU, Hiroyuki YAMAMOTO, Seiichi SHIGA, Hisao NAKAMURA, Shigeru HAYASHI, Hideshi YAMADA, and Tomio OBOKATA. "Atomization Mechanism of a High-Speed Liquid Jet Impinging on a Wall." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2003.3 (2003): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2003.3.0_65.

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30

Kim, S., and A. F. Mills. "Condensation on Coherent Turbulent Liquid Jets: Part I—Experimental Study." Journal of Heat Transfer 111, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 1068–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250769.

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Condensation on coherent turbulent liquid jets was investigated experimentally in order to obtain a data base for the liquid side heat transfer coefficient. Jet breakup was identified by means of high-speed photography. Nozzles were formed from smooth and roughened glass tubes to define the initial turbulence level in the jets. Jet diameters of 3–7 mm and lengths of 2–12 cm were tested at jet velocities of 1.4–12 m/s giving Reynolds numbers of 6000–40,000. Viscosity and surface tension were varied by using ethanol, and water from 277–300 K, as test liquids. The Stanton number was found to be essentially independent of jet diameter, but to decrease with length to the power of −0.57, velocity to the power of −0.20, surface tension to the power of −0.30, and viscosity to the power of −0.1.

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31

Matthujak, Anirut, Chaidet Kasamnimitporn, Wuttichai Sittiwong, and Kulachate Pianthong. "Visualization of Supersonic Non-Newtonian Liquid Jets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 187 (June 2012): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.187.63.

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This paper describes the characteristics of supersonic non-Newtonian liquid jets injected in ambient air. The main focus is to visualize three types of time-independent non-Newtonian liquid jet and to describe their behaviors. Moreover, comparisons between their dynamic behaviors with Newtonian liquid jet are reported. The supersonic liquid jets are generated by impact driven method in a horizontal single-stage power gun. Jets have been visualized by the high speed digital video camera and shadowgraph method. Effects of different liquid types on the jet penetration distance, average jet velocity and other characteristics have been examined. From shadowgraph images, the unique dynamic behaviors of each non-Newtonian liquid jets are observed and found obviously different from that of the Newtonian liquid jet. The maximum average jet velocity of 1,802.18 m/s (Mach no. 5.30) has been obtained. The jet penetration distance and average velocity are significantly varied when the liquid types are different.

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32

Bukharov, A. V., A. F. Ginevsky, and E. V. Vishnevsky. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF COOLING JET FROM HYDROGEN AND DEUTERIUM AS APPLICABLE TO INSTALLATIONS ON RECEIVING CRYOGENIC MONODISPERSE TARGETS." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, no. 1 (July 16, 2019): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-1-8-18.

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Objectives. Development of a model and carrying out numerical calculations for the cooling of thin jets of Hydrogen and Deuterium as applicable to installations on receiving cryogenic monodisperse targets.Methods. To achieve this purpose, the model of cryogenic jet outflow into the low pressure area was created and using PHOENICS software the temperature change of the surface and the interior of a jet over time for various external parameters is investigated through the numerical method.Result. The dependences of temperature changes of liquid Hydrogen and Deuterium jets along the jet surface and along the radius depending on the jet diameter, speed, initial jet temperature and pressure in the working chamber of installations for receiving cryogenic monodisperse targets were carried out.Conclusion. The principal possibility of creating high-speed cryogenic monodisperse targets is shown. According to the calculations, at input of thin liquid jets of Hydrogen or Deuterium with a speed up to 100 m/s into the working chamber with low pressure, jets at a distance of up to 1 mm do not have time to freeze and can be broken into monodisperse drops. Drops are cooled due to evaporation and become granules. The developed model, the program for determination of parameters of steady monodisperse disintegration of liquid cryogenic streams and results of numerical calculations can be used during creation of units for receiving high-speed cryogenic monodisperse targets.

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33

GÓMEZ-LEDESMA, R., K. T. KIGER, and J. H. DUNCAN. "The impact of a translating plunging jet on a pool of the same liquid." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 680 (April 26, 2011): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.70.

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An experimental study on the impact of a translating two-dimensional transient jet on an initially quiescent liquid pool is studied experimentally using high-speed cinematic visualization and particle image velocimetry methods. Six jet conditions (covering a range of jet thicknesses, velocities and inclination angles relative to vertical) are considered, with measurements performed over a range of horizontal translation speeds for each jet condition. For all conditions studied herein, the jet penetrates into the pool and forms two craters – one upstream and one downstream of the jet. Gravity acts to close these craters, which after a short time pinch off at intermediate depths, thereby entrapping cavities of air. The translation speed of the jet is found to have a dramatic effect on the cavity shapes, pinch-off depths and pinch-off times. A simple theory based on a potential flow and a hydrostatically driven collapse is used to model this flow, and the resulting jet tip trajectories and cavity shapes compare favourably with the experimental data.

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34

Zhu, Xia, Taisuke Satoh, Hiromichi Toyota, Shinfuku Nomura, Yukiharu Iwamoto, and Pria Gautama. "Basic Characteristics of In-Liquid Plasma Jet and Electrode Damage." Key Engineering Materials 749 (August 2017): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.749.76.

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The most progress towards a practical method of fusing municipal waste incineration ash has been in the use of a plasma jet that employs arc discharge, a form of thermal plasma. However, a remaining problem is that stable plasma generation is prevented by melting of the nozzle of the plasma-jet torch by the high-temperature plasma flow. With the objective of developing high-speed fusion treatment for waste materials using an in-liquid plasma jet, basic research was conducted on plasma stability and the durability of plasma-jet torches, including electrodes and nozzles. Basic plasma jet characteristics such as the discharge voltage, current, and power value at the time of plasma jet generation were investigated experimentally. The relationship between the temperature distribution near the tip of a plasma jet torch and electrode damage was investigated by fluid-heat coupled analysis using the finite element method.

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35

Xue, Xiao Chun, Yong Gang Yu, and Qi Zhang. "Experimental Study on Expansion Process of High Pressure Twin Combustion-Gas Jets in Liquid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.212.

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In order to investigate the multipoint ignition process and the combustion stability controlling mechanism of the bulk-loaded liquid propellant gun, the cylindrical stepped-wall observation chambers and cylindrical observation chambers are designed. The expansion process and interaction of high-speed twin combustion-gas jets in liquid are studied by high speed photographic system. The influence of chamber structure, nozzle diameter, dual-orifice interval, jet pressure on twin gas jets expansion process has been discussed.

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36

Kanemura, Takuji, Sachiko Yoshihashi-Suzuki, Hiroo Kondo, Hirokazu Sugiura, Nobuo Yamaoka, Mizuho Ida, Hiroo Nakamura, Izuru Matsushita, Takeo Muroga, and Hiroshi Horiike. "Characteristics of free-surface wave on high-speed liquid lithium jet for IFMIF." Journal of Nuclear Materials 417, no. 1-3 (October 2011): 1303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.12.275.

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37

Johnston, A. P., and K. M. Isaac. "SPRAY EVOLUTION OF A COFLOWING ROUND LIQUID JET IN HIGH-SPEED AIR FLOW." Atomization and Sprays 11, no. 4 (2001): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/atomizspr.v11.i4.10.

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38

Kopyev, E. P., I. S. Anufriev, Ya A. Osintsev, and M. A. Mukhina. "Investigation of high speed steam jet effect on combustion of substandard liquid hydrocarbons." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1369 (November 2019): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1369/1/012035.

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39

Balasubramanyam, M. S., and C. P. Chen. "Modeling liquid jet breakup in high speed cross-flow with finite-conductivity evaporation." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51, no. 15-16 (July 2008): 3896–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.11.054.

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40

Dong, Ping, Dong Cheng, Huixiang Jing, Guanghua Li, Bingju Lu, and Ximeng Wang. "Flow Structures of Submerged Gas Jet in Liquid Currents." E3S Web of Conferences 299 (2021): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129903011.

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The flow structure of the submerged gas jet in liquid currents is important to engineering applications. In the present study, the development of a submerged gas jet subjected to liquid current is experimentally investigated to evaluate the effects of the current on the underwater gas jet evolution. A full-scale experimental setup is designed for submerged gas jet release and dispersion in the liquid currents with different velocities. The flow structures of the gas jet are captured by shadow photography combined with a high speed video camera. The experimental images are processed to extract the parameters and perform Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analysis to reveal the characteristics of different modes standing for different flow structures. It turns out that the flow structures of the gas jets submerged in liquid currents with different velocities are affected by the liquid currents and gas jet pulsation, and the analysis will provide credible assessment and opportunity to take prompt response to control potential accidents caused by the submerged gas jet release in liquid current.

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41

Tamaddon, Amir Hossein, Naser Belmiloud, Geert Doumen, Herbert Struyf, Paul W. Mertens, and Marc M. Heyns. "Evaluation of High-Speed Linear Air-Knife Based Wafer Dryer." Solid State Phenomena 195 (December 2012): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.195.239.

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With the downscaling of devices, due to device geometry shrinkage, the total number of cleaning steps has increased dramatically. As a result, the number of drying cycles after cleaning has increased as well. As the device shrinks with the integration density increase, it is noteworthy that a perfect drying efficiency is mandatory to obtain a high performance device [. Basically, the mechanism of wafer drying in semiconductor industry can be explained as: first reducing the amount of liquid on the wafer surface by mechanical forces. There are some approaches for removing the liquid such as spinning, high pressure gas blowing by nozzle or air-jet, vertical withdrawal from the liquid bath, using surface gradient tension and so on [2]. Second: if the mechanical forces in the liquid removal part are not sufficient for drying and some droplets or a thin liquid layer remain on the wafer surface, complete drying will be achieved by evaporation of the remaining layer on the wafer. After this evaporation step, known as state transformation, the wafers will be completely dried. Evaporation of the remaining liquid layer is the main mechanism for generating drying defects (watermarks, residues, particles, and etc.)[3]. In this study, we propose a new methodology for semiconductor wafer drying based on a high-pressure gas flow. In comparison to conventional drying tools, the new drying set up combines high speed drying (wafer drying time down to 2 sec at 150mm.s-1) and a low number of added drying defects.

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Shi, S. X., D. G. Xi, J. R. Qin, N. Liu, and G. C. Shu. "Unstable Asymmetric Modes of a Liquid Jet." Journal of Fluids Engineering 121, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2822217.

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This paper reports the results of a linear instability analysis for a viscous liquid jet injecting into a quiescent inviscid gas medium with three-dimensional disturbances. A dispersion equation that accounts for the growth of asymmetric waves is derived, and the maximum rates of growth of various modes are calculated. The asymmetric breakup phenomenon of the jet and its structures at different modes is also studied by using a high-speed multi-frame holographic system. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental observations. The results of this study thus confirm the existence and even domination of unstable asymmetric modes under certain physical conditions in the breakup process.

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ZHU, YONGGANG, HASAN N. OĞUZ, and ANDREA PROSPERETTI. "On the mechanism of air entrainment by liquid jets at a free surface." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 404 (February 10, 2000): 151–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099007090.

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The process by which a liquid jet falling into a liquid pool entrains air is studied experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that, provided the nozzle from which the jet issues is properly contoured, an undisturbed jet does not entrap air even at relatively high Reynolds numbers. When surface disturbances are generated on the jet by a rapid increase of the liquid flow rate, on the other hand, large air cavities are formed. Their collapse under the action of gravity causes the entrapment of bubbles in the liquid. This sequence of events is recorded with a CCD and a high-speed camera. A boundary-integral method is used to simulate the process numerically with results in good agreement with the observations. An unexpected finding is that the role of the jet is not simply that of conveying the disturbance to the pool surface. Rather, both the observed energy budget and the simulations imply the presence of a mechanism by which part of the jet energy is used in creating the cavity. A hypothesis on the nature of this mechanism is presented.

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Yin, Zhaoqin, Zemin Huang, Chengxu Tu, Xiaoyan Gao, and Fubing Bao. "Dynamic Characteristics of Bubble Collapse Near the Liquid-Liquid Interface." Water 12, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 2794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102794.

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Bubble collapse near the liquid-liquid interface was experimentally studied in this paper, and the dynamic evolution of a laser-induced bubble (generation, expansion, and collapse) and the liquid-liquid interface (dent and rebound) were captured by a high-speed shadowgraph system. The effect of the dimensionless distance between the bubble and the interface on the direction of the liquid jet, the direction of bubble migration, and the dynamics of bubble collapse were discussed. The results show that: (1) The jet generated during bubble collapse always directs toward the denser fluid; (2) bubble collapses penetrate the interface when the bubble is close to the interface; (3) three different shapes of the liquid-liquid interface—that is, a mushroom-shaped liquid column, a spike droplet, and a spherical liquid droplet—were observed.

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TARANENKO, ANTON, MARKUS BUSSMANN, and HONGHI TRAN. "A laboratory study of recovery boiler smelt shattering." August 2014 13, no. 8 (September 1, 2014): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj13.8.19.

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A scaled-down experimental apparatus was built to examine smelt shattering during typical recovery boiler operations. Water-glycerine solutions and air were used in place of smelt and steam. A high-speed camera and image processing software were used to record and quantify liquid shattering in terms of droplet number and size distributions, as a function of air velocity, air nozzle position, liquid flow rate, and liquid viscosity. The results showed that increasing shatter jet velocity reduced average droplet size, increasing the liquid flow rate increased droplet size, and placing the shatter jet nozzle closer to the liquid stream decreased droplet size. These results were all as expected. The effect of liquid viscosity (1-50 cP) depended on the shatter jet velocity. At high air velocities, even the viscous liquid was well shattered, but at lower velocities, the effect of viscosity on shattering was significant.

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Cai, Youer, Xudong Zu, Yaping Tan, and Zhengxiang Huang. "Study on the Interference Process of Liquid Radial Reflux on the Stability of a Shaped Charge Jet." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 8044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178044.

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The process of liquid radial reflux interference during jet penetration in a liquid-filled composite structure is divided in this study into three stages: bottom plate reflection interference, side-wall reflection interference, and side-wall secondary reflection interference. The calculation model of the velocity interval of the disturbed jet and the residual penetration depth of the jet has been established through theoretical analysis. Results show that the liquid-filled composite structure can interfere with the high-speed section of the shaped charge jet. The accuracy of the theoretical analysis in this paper has been verified through numerical simulation, X-ray, and depth-of-penetration experiments. Among the results, those of the X-ray experiment show that the liquid-filled composite structure has interference on the tip of the shaped charge jet, which provides a possibility for the application of the liquid-filled composite structure to ammunition safety and other extreme cases.

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Oda, Tetsuya, Hiroyuki Hiroyasu, and Keiya Nishida. "Characteristics of Liquid Jet Atomization across a High-Speed Airstream. 3rd Report, Breakup Process of Liquid Jet and Internal Structure of Spray." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 59, no. 560 (1993): 1408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.59.1408.

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Naz, Muhammad Yasin, Shaharin A. Sulaiman, Bambang Ari-Wahjoedi, and Ku Zilati Ku Shaari. "Visual Study of Hollow Cone Water Spray Jet Breakup Process at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.485.

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The liquid jet breakup is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and a classic problem in hydrodynamics. The understanding of the jet breakup mechanism of hot liquids is still a challenge for researchers. The objective of this work was to understand and control the hot water spray jet breakup mechanism at moderate pumping pressures and elevated temperature. For this purpose, the visual and comparative studies were conducted on hollow cone water spray patterns generated by three hollow cone spray nozzles which were installed in an in-house built intermittently forced liquid spraying system. Using a high speed camera, the jet breakup dynamics were visualized as a function of system input parameters. The analysis of the grabbed images confirmed the strong influence of these processing parameters on spray characteristics. It was also predicted that heated liquids generate the dispersed spray patterns and the induction of thermal energy into the system enhances the jet disintegration ability. The spray cone width and angle were not varied significantly whereas the Weber and Reynolds numbers along with other spray parameters showed an appreciable response to the load pressure and water heating temperature at early stages of water injection.

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Wang, Cheng-Peng, Ji-Song Zhao, Yun Jiao, and Ke-Ming Cheng. "Measurement of surface shear stress vector beneath high-speed jet flow using liquid crystal coating." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 12n13 (May 10, 2018): 1840029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918400298.

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The shear-sensitive liquid crystal coating (SSLCC) technique is investigated in the high-speed jet flow of a micro-wind-tunnel. An approach to measure surface shear stress vector distribution using the SSLCC technique is established, where six synchronous cameras are used to record the coating color at different circumferential view angles. Spatial wall shear stress vector distributions on the test surface are obtained at different velocities. The results are encouraging and demonstrate the great potential of the SSLCC technique in high-speed wind-tunnel measurement.

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VARGA, C. M., J. C. LASHERAS, and E. J. HOPFINGER. "Initial breakup of a small-diameter liquid jet by a high-speed gas stream." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 497 (December 25, 2003): 405–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112003006724.

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