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1

Townsend, P. D., and B. J. Luff. "High sensitivity spectral measurements." Radiation Measurements 23, no. 2-3 (April 1994): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1350-4487(94)90090-6.

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2

Zuzel, G., and H. Simgen. "High sensitivity radon emanation measurements." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 67, no. 5 (May 2009): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.01.052.

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3

Carelli, Pasquale, and Maria Gabriella Castellano. "High-sensitivity DC-SQUID measurements." Physica B: Condensed Matter 280, no. 1-4 (May 2000): 537–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(99)01855-4.

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4

Sheik-bahae, M., A. A. Said, and E. W. Van Stryland. "High-sensitivity, single-beam n_2 measurements." Optics Letters 14, no. 17 (September 1, 1989): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.14.000955.

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5

Israeloff, N. E., and Xiangzhou Wang. "High-sensitivity dielectric polarization noise measurements." Review of Scientific Instruments 68, no. 3 (March 1997): 1543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147940.

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6

Fanton, J. T., and G. S. Kino. "High‐sensitivity laser probe for photothermal measurements." Applied Physics Letters 51, no. 2 (July 13, 1987): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.98598.

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7

Chen, Cynthia, and Mukul Sharma. "High Precision and High Sensitivity Measurements of Osmium in Seawater." Analytical Chemistry 81, no. 13 (July 2009): 5400–5406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac900600e.

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8

Wernsdorfer, W., K. Hasselbach, A. Benoit, W. Wernsdorfer, B. Barbara, D. Mailly, J. Tuaillon, et al. "High sensitivity magnetization measurements of nanoscale cobalt clusters." Journal of Applied Physics 78, no. 12 (December 15, 1995): 7192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360429.

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9

Kelly, Alexander E., Horng D. Ou, Richard Withers, and Volker Dötsch. "Low-Conductivity Buffers for High-Sensitivity NMR Measurements." Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, no. 40 (October 2002): 12013–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja026121b.

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10

Sievers, Sibylle, Joschua Kurda, Niklas Liebing, Frank Hohls, and Hans W. Schumacher. "Microwave Interferometry for High Sensitivity VNA-FMR Measurements." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 53, no. 4 (April 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2016.2623839.

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11

Savoie, D., M. Altorio, B. Fang, L. A. Sidorenkov, R. Geiger, and A. Landragin. "Interleaved atom interferometry for high-sensitivity inertial measurements." Science Advances 4, no. 12 (December 2018): eaau7948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau7948.

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Cold-atom inertial sensors target several applications in navigation, geoscience, and tests of fundamental physics. Achieving high sampling rates and high inertial sensitivities, obtained with long interrogation times, represents a challenge for these applications. We report on the interleaved operation of a cold-atom gyroscope, where three atomic clouds are interrogated simultaneously in an atom interferometer featuring a sampling rate of 3.75 Hz and an interrogation time of 801 ms. Interleaving improves the inertial sensitivity by efficiently averaging vibration noise and allows us to perform dynamic rotation measurements in a so far unexplored range. We demonstrate a stability of 3 × 10−10 rad s−1 , which competes with the best stability levels obtained with fiber-optic gyroscopes. Our work validates interleaving as a key concept for future atom-interferometry sensors probing time-varying signals, as in on-board navigation and gravity gradiometry, searches for dark matter, or gravitational wave detection.
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12

Ciofi, C., F. Crupi, and C. Pace. "A new method for high-sensitivity noise measurements." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 51, no. 4 (August 2002): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2002.803080.

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13

Wen, Yizhi, and R. V. Bravenec. "High‐sensitivity, high‐resolution measurements of radiated power on TEXT‐U." Review of Scientific Instruments 66, no. 1 (January 1995): 549–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146348.

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14

Zhang, S., S. A. Oliver, N. E. Israeloff, and C. Vittoria. "High-sensitivity ferromagnetic resonance measurements on micrometer-sized samples." Applied Physics Letters 70, no. 20 (May 19, 1997): 2756–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118974.

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15

Ferrari, Giorgio, Fabio Gozzini, Alessandro Molari, and Marco Sampietro. "Transimpedance Amplifier for High Sensitivity Current Measurements on Nanodevices." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 44, no. 5 (May 2009): 1609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2016998.

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16

Jacinto, C., and T. Catunda. "High-sensitivity absorption coefficients measurements using thermal lens spectrometry." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 125 (June 2005): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2005125054.

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17

Brantjes, N. P. M., V. Dzordzhadze, R. Gebel, F. Gonnella, F. E. Gray, D. J. van der Hoek, A. Imig, et al. "Correcting systematic errors in high-sensitivity deuteron polarization measurements." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 664, no. 1 (February 2012): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.09.055.

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18

Zhou, Quan, Mahmoud R. Shahriari, David Kritz, and George H. Sigel. "Porous fiber-optic sensor for high-sensitivity humidity measurements." Analytical Chemistry 60, no. 20 (October 15, 1988): 2317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00171a035.

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19

Ophir‐Arad, E., R. Fastow, and R. Kalish. "Quantitative electron channeling measurements for high sensitivity surface analysis." Applied Physics Letters 57, no. 20 (November 12, 1990): 2098–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103953.

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20

Romeli, D., G. Barigozzi, S. Esposito, G. Rosace, and G. Salesi. "High sensitivity measurements of thermal properties of textile fabrics." Polymer Testing 32, no. 6 (September 2013): 1029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.05.011.

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21

Uyeda, Chiaki, Hiroki Chihara, and Kazuyuki Okita. "High-sensitivity measurements of magnetic anisotropy using harmonic oscillation." Physica B: Condensed Matter 246-247 (May 1998): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(98)00003-9.

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22

Ruutu, V., J. Koivuniemi, U¨ Parts, A. Hirai, and M. Krusius. "High sensitivity NMR measurements at low temperature and frequency." Physica B: Condensed Matter 194-196 (February 1994): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(94)90409-x.

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23

Burton, G. R., V. I. Morgan, C. F. Boutron, and K. J. R. Rosman. "High-sensitivity measurements of strontium isotopes in polar ice." Analytica Chimica Acta 469, no. 2 (October 2002): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00720-1.

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24

Hamida, J. A., S. Pilla, K. A. Muttalib, and N. S. Sullivan. "Orientational ordering of solid CO: high sensitivity dielectric measurements." Physica B: Condensed Matter 284-288 (July 2000): 1127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(99)02512-0.

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25

Giusi, Gino, Felice Crupi, Carmine Ciofi, and Calogero Pace. "Three-channel amplifier for high-sensitivity voltage noise measurements." Review of Scientific Instruments 77, no. 9 (September 2006): 095104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2349591.

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26

Rauf, Abdul, Jianlin Zhao, and Biqiang Jiang. "High-sensitivity bend angle measurements using optical fiber gratings." Applied Optics 52, no. 21 (July 12, 2013): 5072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.52.005072.

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27

Walters, C. R., I. M. Davidson, and G. E. Tuck. "Long sample high sensitivity critical current measurements under strain." Cryogenics 26, no. 7 (July 1986): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(86)90085-8.

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28

Li, You-Sheng, Naoki Kikugawa, Dmitry A. Sokolov, Fabian Jerzembeck, Alexandra S. Gibbs, Yoshiteru Maeno, Clifford W. Hicks, Jörg Schmalian, Michael Nicklas, and Andrew P. Mackenzie. "High-sensitivity heat-capacity measurements on Sr2RuO4 under uniaxial pressure." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 10 (March 2, 2021): e2020492118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020492118.

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A key question regarding the unconventional superconductivity of Sr2RuO4 remains whether the order parameter is single- or two-component. Under a hypothesis of two-component superconductivity, uniaxial pressure is expected to lift their degeneracy, resulting in a split transition. The most direct and fundamental probe of a split transition is heat capacity. Here, we report measurement of heat capacity of samples subject to large and highly homogeneous uniaxial pressure. We place an upper limit on the heat-capacity signature of any second transition of a few percent of that of the primary superconducting transition. The normalized jump in heat capacity, ΔC/C, grows smoothly as a function of uniaxial pressure, favoring order parameters which are allowed to maximize in the same part of the Brillouin zone as the well-studied van Hove singularity. Thanks to the high precision of our measurements, these findings place stringent constraints on theories of the superconductivity of Sr2RuO4.
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29

Jacobsen, A. S., M. Salewski, J. Eriksson, G. Ericsson, S. B. Korsholm, F. Leipold, S. K. Nielsen, J. Rasmussen, and M. Stejner. "Velocity-space sensitivity of neutron spectrometry measurements." Nuclear Fusion 55, no. 5 (April 16, 2015): 053013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/5/053013.

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30

Scandurra, Graziella, Gino Giusi, and Carmine Ciofi. "Multichannel Amplifier Topologies for High-Sensitivity and Reduced Measurement Time in Voltage Noise Measurements." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 62, no. 5 (May 2013): 1145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2236719.

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31

Li, Ting, Haiping Shang, Bing Wang, Chaomin Mao, and Weibing Wang. "High-Pressure Sensor With High Sensitivity and High Accuracy for Full Ocean Depth Measurements." IEEE Sensors Journal 22, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 3994–4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2022.3144467.

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32

Le, Son T., Seulki Cho, Alexander Zaslavsky, Curt A. Richter, and Arvind K. Balijepalli. "High-performance dual-gate graphene pH sensors." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 26 (June 27, 2022): 263701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086049.

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Field-effect transistors (FETs) are versatile tools for high-precision biophysical measurements, and their measurement sensitivity and resolution can be improved by using innovative materials and device designs. Here, we report on the sensitivity and noise performance of dual-gated graphene FETs. When measuring pH, our devices exhibit a sensitivity of up to 30 V per unit change in pH, ≈500-fold greater than the Nernst value at room temperature, and noise-limited resolution of 2 × 10−4 in the biomedically relevant 0.1–10 Hz bandwidth. This level of performance is obtained due to a highly asymmetric dual-gate design utilizing an ionic liquid top-gate dielectric coupled with graphene's large intrinsic quantum capacitance (≈15 μC/cm2). Our results improve upon the sensitivity and resolution of previously demonstrated Si- and MoS2-channel FET biosensors.
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33

Arslan, M., A. Dedic, E. Boersma, and EA Dubois. "Serial high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T measurements to rule out acute myocardial infarction and a single high baseline measurement for swift rule-in: A systematic review and meta-analysis." European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2048872618819421.

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Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine (a) the ability of serial high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T measurements to rule out acute myocardial infarction and (b) the ability of a single high baseline high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T measurement to rule in acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting to the emergency department with acute chest pain. Methods and results: Embase, Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science and Google scholar were searched for prospective cohort studies that evaluated parameters of diagnostic accuracy of serial high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T to rule out acute myocardial infarction and a single baseline high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T value>50 ng/l to rule in acute myocardial infarction. The search yielded 21 studies for the systematic review, of which 14 were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 11,929 patients and an overall prevalence of acute myocardial infarction of 13.0%. For rule-out, six studies presented the sensitivity of serial measurements <14 ng/l. This cut-off classified 60.1% of patients as rule-out and the summary sensitivity was 96.7% (95% confidence interval: 92.3–99.3). Three studies presented the sensitivity of a one-hour algorithm with a baseline high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T value<12 ng/l and delta 1 hour <3 ng/l. This algorithm classified 60.2% of patients as rule-out and the summary sensitivity was 98.9% (96.4–100). For rule-in, six studies reported the specificity of baseline high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T value>50 ng/l. The summary specificity was 94.6% (91.5–97.1). Conclusion: Serial high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T measurement strategies to rule out acute myocardial infarction perform well, and a single baseline high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T value>50 ng/l to rule in acute myocardial infarction has a high specificity.
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34

Tóth, Dávid, Manuel Kasper, Ivan Alic, Mohamed Awadein, Andreas Ebner, Doug Baney, Georg Gramse, and Ferry Kienberger. "High-Sensitivity Dual Electrochemical QCM for Reliable Three-Electrode Measurements." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 2592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082592.

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An electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EC-QCM) is a versatile gravimetric technique that allows for parallel characterization of mass deposition and electrochemical properties. Despite its broad applicability, simultaneous characterization of two electrodes remains challenging due to practical difficulties posed by the dampening from fixture parasitics and the dissipative medium. In this study, we present a dual electrochemical QCM (dual EC-QCM) that is employed in a three-electrode configuration to enable consequent monitoring of mass deposition and viscous loading on two crystals, the working electrode (WE) and the counter electrode (CE). A novel correction approach, along with a three standard complex impedance calibration, is employed to overcome the effect of dampening while keeping high spectral sensitivity. Separation of viscous loading and rigid mass deposition is achieved by robust characterization of the complex impedance at the resonance frequency. Validation of the presented system is done by cyclic voltammetry characterization of Ag underpotential deposition on gold. The results indicate mass deposition of 412.2 ng for the WE and 345.6 ng for the CE, reflecting a difference of the initially-present Ag adhered to the surface. We also performed higher harmonic measurements that further corroborate the sensitivity and reproducibility of the dual EC-QCM. The demonstrated approach is especially intriguing for electrochemical energy storage applications where mass detection with multiple electrodes is desired.
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35

Kamada, K., Y. Ito, and T. Kobayashi. "Human MCG measurements with a high-sensitivity potassium atomic magnetometer." Physiological Measurement 33, no. 6 (May 24, 2012): 1063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/33/6/1063.

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36

Ramponi, A. J., Fred P. Milanovich, T. Kan, and David Deacon. "High sensitivity atmospheric transmission measurements using a cavity ringdown technique." Applied Optics 27, no. 22 (November 15, 1988): 4606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.27.004606.

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37

Donisi, Domenico, Roberto Caputo, and Giovanni Cennini. "Holographic grating based high sensitivity device for refractive index measurements." Optics Express 18, no. 14 (July 1, 2010): 15236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.015236.

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38

Yamamura, Takuya, Dai Nakamura, Masataka Higashiwaki, Toshiaki Matsui, and Adarsh Sandhu. "High sensitivity and quantitative magnetic field measurements at 600°C." Journal of Applied Physics 99, no. 8 (April 15, 2006): 08B302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2158693.

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39

Ferrari, Giorgio, and Marco Sampietro. "Wide bandwidth transimpedance amplifier for extremely high sensitivity continuous measurements." Review of Scientific Instruments 78, no. 9 (September 2007): 094703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2778626.

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40

Hirai, Akiko. "High-sensitivity surface-profile measurements by heterodyne white-light interferometer." Optical Engineering 40, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1349216.

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41

Beale, Stephen C., Joseph C. Savage, Donald Wiesler, Shawn M. Wietstock, and Milos Novotny. "Fluorescence reagents for high-sensitivity chromatographic measurements of primary amines." Analytical Chemistry 60, no. 17 (September 1988): 1765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00168a025.

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42

Kawasaki, Akio, Alexander Fieguth, Nadav Priel, Charles P. Blakemore, Denzal Martin, and Giorgio Gratta. "High sensitivity, levitated microsphere apparatus for short-distance force measurements." Review of Scientific Instruments 91, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 083201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0011759.

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43

Ciofi, Carmine, Graziella Scandurra, Rosario Merlino, Gianluca Cannatà, and Gino Giusi. "A new correlation method for high sensitivity current noise measurements." Review of Scientific Instruments 78, no. 11 (November 2007): 114702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2813342.

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44

Nishino, Zachary T., Kevin Chen, and Nikhil Gupta. "Power Modulation-Based Optical Sensor for High-Sensitivity Vibration Measurements." IEEE Sensors Journal 14, no. 7 (July 2014): 2153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2014.2300332.

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45

Takahashi, Kazuya, Yoichi Nakai, Yuko Motizuki, Toshiyuki Ino, Shigeru Ito, Satoru B. Ohkubo, Takeshi Minami, et al. "High-sensitivity sulfur isotopic measurements for Antarctic ice core analyses." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 32, no. 23 (November 6, 2018): 1991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8275.

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46

Koromyslichenko, V. N., and M. A. Bukhshtab. "Synchronized measurements of low optical losses with ultimately high sensitivity." Measurement Techniques 33, no. 2 (February 1990): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00866267.

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47

Losero, Elena, Ivano Ruo-Berchera, Alessio Avella, Alice Meda, and Marco Genovese. "Quantum Enhanced Optical Measurements: From Ultra-High Sensitivity in Absorption Measurements to Ghost Microscopy." Proceedings 12, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019012014.

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Quantum enhanced optical measurement protocols aim at reducing the uncertainty in the estimation of some physical quantities of a system below the shot-noise limit, classically unavoidable. In particular when small number of photons is used the shot noise can be the main source of uncertainty, in these cases the use of quantum light is of great interest. Note that there are several situations where the number of photons in the probe can not be increased arbitrarily, as when fragile biological samples are under investigation. Two different imaging protocols are discussed in the following.
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48

Jeschke, G., A. Bender, H. Paulsen, H. Zimmermann, and A. Godt. "Sensitivity enhancement in pulse EPR distance measurements." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 169, no. 1 (July 2004): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2004.03.024.

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49

Scisciò, M., F. Consoli, M. Salvadori, O. N. Rosmej, S. Zähter, G. Di Giorgio, P. L. Andreoli, et al. "High sensitivity Thomson spectrometry: analysis of measurements in high power picosecond laser experiments." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): C01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/c01055.

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Abstract Thomson spectrometers (TS) are designed to detect and distinguish protons from heavier ions in experiments of intense laser-matter interaction. The combination of electric and magnetic field allows for deflecting ion species with different mass-to-charge ratio on different trajectories. However, even small distortions of the internal fields of the device can lead to a degradation of the measurement quality. Hence, TS are sensitive to both high electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) and fields due to static charge accumulation caused by the interaction. Here we report on the analysis of data obtained with a TS designed to have high sensitivity and robustness with, optimized shielding against EMPs, even when the device is placed at short distances from the interaction point, where the electromagnetic radiation is more intense. To test this, the spectrometer was thus placed ∼50 cm far from the target during an experiment at the PHELIX laser at GSI (∼180 J energy, >1020 W/cm2 intensity, sub-picosecond laser pulses on solid targets). Despite the presence of strong EMPs (beyond 100 kV/m at 1 m distance from the target), the tests were successful and the TS was able to retrieve a good-quality signal. Indeed, the close proximity to the interaction point caused a significant number of electrons, produced by the intense laser-target interaction, entering the TS and causing internal electrostatic fields up to tens of kV/m. These induced fields altered the trajectories of the detected ions, making the interpretation and characterization of the particle species not straightforward. This effect was analyzed with ad-hoc particle tracking simulations. This study is of high importance for the effective implementation of this type of high-sensitivity TSs in experiments with PW-power lasers.
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50

CIOFI, C., G. CANNATÀ', G. SCANDURRA, and R. MERLINO. "A VERY LOW NOISE, HIGH STABILITY, VOLTAGE REFERENCE FOR HIGH SENSITIVITY NOISE MEASUREMENTS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 07, no. 03 (September 2007): L231—L238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021947750700388x.

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In this paper we demonstrate that by exploiting the non linear characteristic of low noise PN junction diodes, a very low noise, high stability voltage reference can be obtained starting from a conventional solid state series voltage reference. In order to obtain such a result, a series connection of N identical diodes is supplied in the forward region of the I-V characteristic by means of a proper resistance. While the DC voltage drop across the diodes can be a large fraction of the voltage supplied by the reference, the noise introduced by the reference itself is reduced by a much larger factor because of the low value of the small signal equivalent resistance of the diodes. In its simplest implementation, such a voltage source would suffer from a relatively high temperature dependence of the supplied voltages because of the intrinsic properties of PN junctions. However, by resorting to a proper temperature control circuit, high stability can be obtained. As an example, by employing an AD586 voltage reference and with N = 4, a 2.560 V reference has been obtained with a stability over temperature better that 50 μ V /° C and a voltage noise as low as 2 × 10−15, 6 × 10−17 and 1.5 × 10−17 V 2/ Hz at 100 mHz, 1 Hz and for frequencies larger than 10 Hz, respectively.
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