Relevant bibliographies by topics / High sensitivity measurements

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'High sensitivity measurements'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "High sensitivity measurements"

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Townsend, P. D., and B. J. Luff. "High sensitivity spectral measurements." Radiation Measurements 23, no. 2-3 (April 1994): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1350-4487(94)90090-6.

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Zuzel, G., and H. Simgen. "High sensitivity radon emanation measurements." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 67, no. 5 (May 2009): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.01.052.

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Carelli, Pasquale, and Maria Gabriella Castellano. "High-sensitivity DC-SQUID measurements." Physica B: Condensed Matter 280, no. 1-4 (May 2000): 537–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(99)01855-4.

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Sheik-bahae, M., A. A. Said, and E. W. Van Stryland. "High-sensitivity, single-beam n_2 measurements." Optics Letters 14, no. 17 (September 1, 1989): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.14.000955.

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Israeloff, N. E., and Xiangzhou Wang. "High-sensitivity dielectric polarization noise measurements." Review of Scientific Instruments 68, no. 3 (March 1997): 1543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147940.

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Fanton, J. T., and G. S. Kino. "High‐sensitivity laser probe for photothermal measurements." Applied Physics Letters 51, no. 2 (July 13, 1987): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.98598.

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Chen, Cynthia, and Mukul Sharma. "High Precision and High Sensitivity Measurements of Osmium in Seawater." Analytical Chemistry 81, no. 13 (July 2009): 5400–5406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac900600e.

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Wernsdorfer, W., K. Hasselbach, A. Benoit, W. Wernsdorfer, B. Barbara, D. Mailly, J. Tuaillon, et al. "High sensitivity magnetization measurements of nanoscale cobalt clusters." Journal of Applied Physics 78, no. 12 (December 15, 1995): 7192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360429.

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Kelly, Alexander E., Horng D. Ou, Richard Withers, and Volker Dötsch. "Low-Conductivity Buffers for High-Sensitivity NMR Measurements." Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, no. 40 (October 2002): 12013–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja026121b.

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Sievers, Sibylle, Joschua Kurda, Niklas Liebing, Frank Hohls, and Hans W. Schumacher. "Microwave Interferometry for High Sensitivity VNA-FMR Measurements." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 53, no. 4 (April 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2016.2623839.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "High sensitivity measurements"

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Johansson, Cecilia. "High-sensitivity Radioactive Xenon Monitoring and High-accuracy Neutron-proton Scattering Measurements." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4279.

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SALA, ELENA. "Development of low level counting systems for high sensitivity measurements." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/52031.

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Low level counting techniques are a powerful tools in many different fields including biological and chemical tracer studies, archaeological and geological dating, investigation of natural and induced radioactivities and the study of fundamental particles physics. Since they play a crucial role in many applications, developments are continuously pursue to improve the extreme sensitivity typical of these techniques. The fundamental request of low level counting techniques is the capability to detect feeble signals, characterized by low counting rates, above the background composed of spurious counts; they thus have the capability to measure very low activities of natural and artificial radionuclides. During my PhD work I have focused on two main applications using low level counting systems: the search of rare physics events and the environmental monitoring. Both the studied systems use γ spectroscopy with High Purity Germanium detectors (HPGe). This technique is one of the most sensitive, it exploits the excellent energy resolution typical of such detectors and their low intrinsic background. The first system is composed of two n-type HPGe GMX 100-95 in Low Background configuration, they have been designed with radiopure selected materials to reach an intrinsic background as low as possible. This work has brought to a unique configuration associated to an electrical cooling system, different from the one that was available on market. Since the two GMX detectors have been conceived to work in coincidence I have optimized the measuring system studying different radionuclide decay schemes to consider the most probable coincidences between the γ -rays emitted during the decay of the isotope under study. A dedicated data acquisition has been developed with particular attention to the co- incidence detection efficiency. Furthermore I have developed the analysis software to For some rare physics events experiments the only way to enhance the sensitivity is the background reduction; for this purpose all the materials of the experimental facility should be selected as radiopure as possible. The development and optimization of the low background system composed of the two GMX detectors, working in coincidence, can select suitable materials through the measurement of very low radionuclide concentrations. The other system I have worked on is a Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe5030) in low background configuration. This detector can register with excellent energy resolution and high efficiency a wide energy spectrum, from 3 keV up to 3 MeV, thanks to some of its peculiar features. The thin dead layers surrounding the active volume and the thin entrance window on its top are responsible for its capability to detect very low energy radiations. I have optimized this system using Monte Carlo simulations to detect low contamina- tions of radionuclides in several samples. In particular in the last century, the environmental monitoring has became an impor- tant aspect of radio-protection; nuclear tests, nuclear accidents, wastes and fall-out in general can release a large quantity of radionuclides. Since toxicity and radioactivity of these contaminations are dangerous it is mandatory an environmental monitoring at the area of interest. Plutonium isotopes significantly contribute to the contamination due to nuclear fall- out events in environment; since they are very toxic it is important to quickly monitor a large number of samples in the area of interest. Using the BEGe I have developed a quick and sensitive method to detect Plutonium isotopes concentration in environmental samples through the detection of the X-rays emitted during their decays. This result is a very important improvement in Plutonium detection for monitoring measurements since the counting methods commonly used are characterized by long measuring and sample treatments time.
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Dyroff, Christoph. "Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for trace gas measurements with high sensitivity and low drift." Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992791588/04.

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Lemire, Matthieu. "Accurate surface dose measurements in CT examinations using high sensitivity MOSFET dosimeters calibrated by Monte Carlo simulations." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98747.

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The objective of this work is to use MOSFET dosimeters to accurately measure surface dose delivered during CT examinations in various scanning conditions. To achieve this, the behaviour of MOSFETs under kilovoltage x-ray irradiation first needed to be investigated. A dose-to-dose reproducibility of 4.5%, and a mean change in sensitivity response of 10.4% with accumulated dose were measured. A Monte Carlo model of the x-ray source of a PQ5000 CT simulator was built and validated in order to investigate the MOSFET response characteristics and perform dose calculations. An over-response of 10% was observed when the beam energy was decreased from 140 to 80 kVp, and a slight anisotropy of 8.5% from the mean value over 360º was observed. The dosimeters were calibrated on a solid water phantom using a method involving MC surface dose calculations. Good agreement was found between measurements and simulations of surface dose on a cylindrical PMMA phantom for a stationary tube technique, single axial scan and multiple contiguous axial scans, with generally less than 7.5% discrepancies. Film and MOSFET measurements were then performed for helical adult brain scan parameters using different pitch and collimator settings. The use of five MOSFETs combined in a linear array was found to be suitable to accurately measure surface dose in helical scans for almost all pitch and collimation combinations.
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Venturelli, Michela. "Ultra-cold atomic magnetometry : realisation and test of a 87Rb BEC for high-sensitivity magnetic field measurements." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10055887/.

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The development of an experimental apparatus to produce Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of 87Rb atoms and their application to magnetometry are discussed. Optical detection of atomic Larmor precession is a widely explored method for high-sensitivity measurements of magnetic fields. In this context, short laser/atom interaction time, atomic thermal diffusion and decoherence effects are among the main limitations. In this thesis, we overcome such problems by using spin-polarised 87Rb ultra-cold atoms as the sensing element. After the atoms are polarised, a resonant pulse of radio-frequency excites Larmor precession, which is sensitive to external magnetic fields. By measuring the perturbations of the radio-frequency induced spin precession, information on the magnetic fields of interest. This is achieved by monitoring the polarisation plane’s rotation of a linearly polarised resonant laser probe. In the first part of this thesis, the building and optimisation of a laser-cooling set up to obtain a BEC in a hybrid trap is reported. In order to achieve the Phase Space Density (PSD) required for BEC, several different stages of trapping and cooling are necessary. Each phase has been implemented and optimised. The first step consists in the magneto-optical trap (MOT). Here a velocity dependent damping force and a spatially dependent confining force give the largest changes in PSD. Then atoms are loaded into a hybrid trap obtained by overlapping a quadrupole magnetic potential and a far detuned optical crossed dipole trap. The final stage for the condensation consists of forced evaporative cooling, both via magnetic and optical evaporation. In the second part of the thesis, a general overview of the principles of optical atomic magnetometry is provided and the advantages of using ultra-cold atoms with respect to conventional thermal vapours are discussed. The implementation, operation and a preliminary characterisation of the ultra-cold atom magnetometer are described along with the preliminary results collected. Finally, a plan for future improvements of its sensitivity is presented.
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Botta, Verdiana. "High-sensitivity strain measurements from underground interferometric stations: geodynamic phenomena at Gran Sasso and first records from Canfranc." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/861.

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2011 - 2012
Earth's surface and interior continuously deform as a result of geological and geophys- ical processes. To study these phenomena and to understand better the rheological properties of the Earth, measurements of Earth's deformation become of fundamental importance, providing a critical link between Earth's structure and dynamics, also in order to optimize the response to natural hazards and identify potential risk areas. The study of crustal deformation is a complex but very important research topic that encompasses several scienti c disciplines, including di erential geometry, theory of elas- ticity, geodynamics and physics in general. The use of di erent kind of geodetic data to study geodynamic phenomena became increasingly important, playing a key role in the knowledge of their temporal and mag- nitude variations at many di erent spatial and time scales. These measurements provide signi cant constraints on the changes in Earth's lithosphere and processes that cause them, like for example movements of magma, changes in strain before, during, and after earthquakes, motion of ice sheets. Yet even today, large portions of the Earth are infrequently monitored, or not at all. Deformation can be measured in several ways, as relative movement of points on the Earth's surface, through measurements of strain and tilt, or by GPS (Global Position- ing System), VLBI (Very Long Base Interferometry) and SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging) measurements. Among the di erent types of instruments, the laser strainmeters (or in- terferometers), measuring the displacement between two points away from a few meters to over a kilometer, are characterized by very high accuracy and long-term stability, necessary to investigate processes of crustal deformation. The analysis of interferomet- ric data allows to study both local and global geodynamic phenomena in a broad band of frequencies. This thesis introduces results related to some analysis of data recorded by two laser interferometers installed at Gran Sasso (Italy) Underground Laboratories and describes the installation of two new laser interferometers in the Canfranc (Spain) Underground Laboratory, at the end of August 2011, with the analysis of their rst sequences. In the rst chapter some general concepts about strain, crustal deformation and their measurements are introduced. The study of the deformation on the Earth's surface improved in the last fty years, changing from mostly descriptive and qualitative to more quantitative. The state and magnitude of the stress in the Earth's lithosphere, and thus of the deformation, play an important role on various geophysical problems, such as the plate mechanisms, energy budget of the Earth, earthquake mechanism and crustal movements. In Chapter 2 there is a description of the Earth's tidal deformation. The body tides, due to a direct e ect of gravitational attraction from the Sun, Moon and other objects, can be modeled very accurately. In addition, there is a part of deformation, known as ocean loading, arising from the mass uctuations of the oceans. These last is also rather well understood, but the modeling of its e ects still needs to be improved. This phenomenon is very signi cant for the interferometric strain sequences because they are clearly dominated by the semidiurnal and diurnal strain tides. Chapter 3 describes the laser interferometry and, in particular, the operating principle of the Gran Sasso (Italy) laser interferometers, which provide very high-sensitivity strain data, by comparing the optical length of a longer measurement arm (about 90 meters in length) and a shorter xed reference arm (about 20 cm in length). Although the interferometers measure strain directly, the presence of cavities, topography, and local inhomogeneities of the crust can modify the strain measurement considerably. Also environmental and anthropic e ects appear as anomalous or noise signals in a broad frequency range, which includes for example the Earth tides. It is necessary to take some or all these possible e ects into account, depending on the phenomenon studied. In Chapter 4 data produced by Gran Sasso interferometers, rst alone and then to- gether with those produced by a third laser interferometer installed in Baksan (Russia) Underground Laboratory, are used to estimate the Free Core Nutation (FCN) param- eters. Even if tidal signal-to-noise ratio for strain is usually lower than for gravity, the analysis of strain data is promising, because relative perturbations in strain tides are about 10 times larger than in gravity tides. The inversion of realistic synthetic tidal parameters (obtained from observed amplitude and phase of eight diurnal tidal components) shows that the resolving power of strain tides is comparable to that of gravity tides if tidal parameters are inverted minimizing the L2 mis t (as usually done). Both resolving powers improve if data are inverted minimizing the L1 mis t, and this improvement is particularly notable for gravity tides. The inversions of strain records have been performed after correcting measured strain for local distortion of the regional strain eld and ocean loading. For estimating the FCR parameters, eight diurnal tidal constituents (Q1, O1, P1, K1, 1, 1, J1 and OO1) have been used, by comparing mea- surements (corrected for ocean loading) and model predictions (corrected for the local strain distortion), minimizing the L1 mis t. The analysis of the only Gran Sasso strain data provides a value for the FCN period (about 429 sidereal days) robust and compa- rable to those from gravity tides, obtained from the joint inversion of data from several stations. The agreement between observations and predictions looks better than in any previous work that makes use of strain tides. The joint analysis of Gran Sasso and Bak- san strain data con rms, but does not improve, these results recently obtained. In both cases the quality factor is not well constrained because of the large uncertainty on the 1 phase; however the results are consistent with recently published values ( 20000). In Chapter 5 the new mode of faulting, discovered in the last decades and referred to as slow slip earthquakes, is examined. Many aspects of slow slip remain unexplained. Here an attempt to describe the characteristics of the rupture propagation through the analysis of strain records from three di erent slow events related to the 1978 Izu- Oshima (Japan) earthquake, the 1999 Durmid Hill (California) slow event and the 2003 Tokachi-oki (Japan) earthquake. The signals recorded during these slow events exhibit the same peculiarities observed in the strain sequences recorded at Gran Sasso during the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake, rst direct measurement of the di usive character of the rupture propagation. By using two di erent propagation mechanisms along 1D straight paths, namely constant propagation velocity and di usive processes, predicted strain history at both interferometers is fully consistent with di usive slip propagation, but inconsistent with constant velocity propagation. Not all slow earthquakes analysed are consistent with only one of the two models tested. Two of the four slow events (L'Aquila and Izu-Oshima F3 fault) are only consistent with di usive slip propagation. Constant velocity propagation gives much worst t to data, being unable to t the shape of minimum observed on signals recorded by BA interferometer and SHI borehole strainmeter for L'Aquila and Izu-Oshima slow earthquakes, respectively. For both slow events, the seismic moment density decreases about linearly with distance along the path, like the steady-state solution of 1D di usive processes. In the other cases (Durmid Hill, Tokachi-oki and Izu-Oshima F4 fault) it is not possible to discriminate the type of propagation. Observations are consistent with both types of slip propagation but for them the shape of seismic moment seems somewhat unrealistic, being a bell-shaped distribution peaked on the nodal line. These results suggest the necessity to deepen the source features, not well constrained in some cases. Moreover, also the assumption of 1D very thin path might be a source of uncertainty. In the last chapter the installation, occured in August 2011, of two new laser interferom- eters is described and their rst records analysed. These instruments, operating since November 2011, are installed in the Canfranc (Spain) Underground Laboratory (LSC). The LSC is located at depth in one of the most seismically active areas in Western Europe, at the Pyrenean chain that marks the boundary between the European plate and the Iberian microplate. The rst tests on strain data recorded by these interfer- ometers evidence the capability of producing clear records of low-frequency signals, for example relating to seismic waves, Earth free oscillations, and possible local aseismic stress release. A preliminary tidal analysis shows a good agreement between observed and predicted tides in the diurnal tidal band, suggesting that, if any, local strain dis- tortion e ects are small. In the semidiurnal tidal band, discrepancies between observed and predicted tides are noticeable; this might be a consequence of inadequate Earth and/or ocean models. These results deserve further investigation; in particular it would be interesting to deepen the local distortion e ect in the di erent frequency bands and estimate the ocean loading in more detail, especially in the Bay of Biscay which could be the main source of the discrepancies observed in the semidiurnal tidal band. [edited by author]
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Ceteroni, Ilaria. "High-pressure adsorption differential volumetric apparatus (HP-ADVA) for accurate equilibrium measurements." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22274/.

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The volumetric system is a commonly used experimental method for gas adsorption measurements. Starting from the conventional volumetric system (single-branched), the development of differential (double-branched) apparatus has been proposed to overcome some criticalities connected to the original design. The following study is focused on the assessment of the high-pressure differential volumetric apparatus (HP-ADVA) built at the University of Edinburgh in order to discover and characterise system peculiarities at different experimental conditions, in terms of temperature and pressure. To do this, an integrated approach is proposed: an initial experimental campaign has been performed to take confidentiality with the apparatus, then, the experimental results were the starting point for the development of a sensitivity and error analysis aimed at describing the effect of each operating parameter into the final result. In this regard, a different analytical approach, compared to the ones commonly proposed in literature, has been proposed to closely reproduce the real system. Beyond having obtained promising results, some criticalities, matching what originally hypothesized from the experimental campaign, have been noted: valve volume effect and temperature control and measurements have been discovered being crucial aspects, and, supposedly, source of errors leading to explain the unexpected results obtained by the experimental campaign. Moreover, the importance of symmetry maintenance among the branches has been repeatedly confirmed in the analysis. Some recommendations aimed at improving the system set-up have been moved regarding the installation of a temperature control system and more accurate temperature measurement devices. Additionally, an accurate assessment and characterisation of pneumatically-actuated valves, as well as of the differential pressure transducer used for pressure measurement, before the installation, could be useful to reduce inaccuracies.
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Dyroff, Christoph [Verfasser], and W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Freude. "Tunable Diode-Laser Absorption Spectroscopy for Trace-Gas Measurements with High Sensitivity and Low Drift / Christoph Dyroff ; Betreuer: W. Freude." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1185540571/34.

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JIMENEZ, JUAN DARIO TIMARAN. "METHODS BASED ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES FOR LOCALIZATION OF FIREARMS PROJECTILES INSERTED INTO THE HUMAN BODY, BY HIGH SENSITIVITY MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32028@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Um dos casos clínicos mais frequentes na sociedade moderna envolve a localização e extração de projéteis de armas de fogo, que normalmente são feitos de chumbo, um material não ferromagnético. O desenvolvimento de uma técnica que possibilite a localização precisa destes auxiliará o procedimento de remoção cirúrgica, tendo vasta relevância e impactando diretamente no aumento da taxa de sobrevivência de pessoas feridas. Dessa forma, esta dissertação apresenta e discute duas novas abordagens baseadas em técnicas de inteligência computacional, objetivando a localização de projéteis de armas de fogo inseridos no corpo humano, a partir do processamento da informação contida em mapas de campo magnético. Em ambas as abordagens analisadas modela-se o projétil como uma esfera de raio a, localizado em um espaço de busca contido em um plano xy, o qual está situado a uma distância h do sensor no eixo z. As técnicas de localização requerem a geração de um campo magnético primário alternado por meio de um solenoide, o qual incide sobre o espaço de busca. Caso exista um projétil de arma de fogo nesta região, serão induzidas correntes parasitas no projétil, as quais, por sua vez, produzirão um campo magnético secundário, que pode ser medido por um sensor de alta sensibilidade localizado na extremidade do solenoide. Na primeira abordagem analisada, as posições x e y do projétil são determinadas por um algoritmo de janelamento que considera valores máximos e médios pertencentes aos mapas de campo magnético secundário. A determinação da distância h entre a esfera e o sensor foi obtida por meio de uma rede neural, e o raio da esfera a é estimado por um algoritmo genético. Na segunda abordagem, as quatro variáveis de interesse (x, y, h e a) são inferidas diretamente por um algoritmo genético. Os resultados obtidos são avaliados e comparados.
In modern society, one of the most frequent clinical cases involves location and extraction of firearms projectiles, usually made of lead, a non-ferromagnetic material. The development of a technique that allows the precise location of these projectiles will aid their surgical removal, which has a great relevance because it contributes directly to the increase of the survival rate of wounded patients. Thus, this dissertation presents and discusses two new approaches based on computational intelligence techniques, aiming at locating firearm projectiles inserted into the human body, by processing the information contained in magnetic field maps. On both approaches, the projectile is modeled by a sphere with radius a, located on a search space contained in a xy plane that is situated at a distance h from the sensor, along the z axis. The proposed location techniques require the generation of a primary alternating magnetic field by means of a solenoid, which aims at inducing eddy currents in a firearm projectile contained in the search space. In turn, these currents will produce a secondary magnetic field, which can be measured by a high-sensitivity sensor located at the bottom of the solenoid. In the first developed technique, the x and y positions of the projectile were estimated by a windowing algorithm that takes into account maximum and mean values contained on the secondary magnetic field maps. In turn, the distance h between the sphere and the sensor is inferred by a neural network, and the radius of the sphere a is estimated by a genetic algorithm. In the second technique, the four variables of interest (x, y, h and a) are inferred directly by a genetic algorithm. The results obtained are evaluated and compared.
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Mattila, S. (Sampo). "Measurement and minimization of field inhomogeneities in high resolution NMR." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514264762.

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Abstract In this work, the homogeneity of both the B0 and B1 fields was studied. Both B0 and B1 field homogeneities are the basic assumptions of high resolution liquid state NMR. Although some inhomogeneity of both of the fields is always present, the spectrometers can be operated, with the help of the developed spectral purging techniques, without giving any thought to the field inhomogeneities or the necessary actions to minimize their adverse effects. Although the effect of B0 inhomogeneity can occasionally be seen, the B1 fieldin a modern probe head is often assumed to be sufficiently homogenous for any practical purpose. By using the method used in this study the B1 field strength along one axis, typically the z-axis, can be easily mapped. Based on the information gathered from a single experiment, one can obtain reliable and valuable information about the B1 field distribution, e.g. homogeneity of the coil. From such information, the degree of required artifact suppressing methods for successful NMR experiments can be determined. Since normal pulse length calibration also requires the acquisition of several 1-D spectra, the required experimentation time is not increased. Although the maximum amount of signal from an NMR experiment is obtained when the signal is acquired from a maximum number of resonating spins, the results presented show that significantly more homogenous B1 field along the active sample volume is achieved by rejection of the signal originating from the outer parts of the coil length. Although the total amount of signal obtained from the outer parts of the RF-coil is not very high, some loss of signal is associated with the spatially selective acquisition. The rejected signal, however, is a significant source of artifacts, and if no precautions were taken, the artifacts would severely decrease the quality of the acquired data. If the sample concentration can be increased, it would be advantageous to dissolve the amount of sample available in as small an amount of solvent as is possible and place the sample in the most B1 homogenous part of the probe-head RF-coil. With the same amount of nuclear spins concentrated into a smaller volume, the sensitivity of an NMR experiment can be increased manifold. As an application of a spatially selective data acquisition, a versatile method capable of producing a map of the B0 field strength and its variation along the sample volume is presented.
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Books on the topic "High sensitivity measurements"

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The Georgia Tech high sensitivity microwave measurement system. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Furst, Eric M., and Todd M. Squires. Interferometric tracking. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.003.0006.

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The purpose of this chapter is to present a survey of passive microrheology techniques that are important complements to more widely used particle tracking and light scattering methods. Such methods include back focal plane interferometry and extensions of particle tracking to measure the rotation of colloidal particles. Methods of passive microrheology using back focal plane interferometry are presented, including the experimental design and detector sensitivity and limits in frequency bandwidth and spatial resolution. The Generalized Stokes Einstein relation is derived from linear response theory of the particle position power spectrum and complex susceptibility. Applications of interoferometric tracking include high frequency microrheology and two-point measurements. Lastly, the chapter includes a discussion of rotational passive microrheology and the rotational GSER.
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Giannitsis, Evangelos, and Hugo A. Katus. Biomarkers in acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0036.

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Biomarker testing in the evaluation of a patient with acute chest pain is best established for cardiac troponins that allow the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, risk estimation of short- and long-term risk of death and myocardial infarction, and guidance of pharmacological therapy, as well as the need and timing of invasive strategy. Newer, more sensitive troponin assays have become commercially available and have the capability to detect myocardial infarction earlier and more sensitively than standard assays, but they are hampered by a lack of clinical specificity, i.e. the ability to discriminate myocardial ischaemia from myocardial necrosis not related to ischaemia such as myocarditis, pulmonary embolism, or decompensated heart failure. Strategies to improve clinical specificity (including strict adherence to the universal myocardial infarction definition and the need for serial troponin measurements to detect an acute rise and/or fall of cardiac troponin) will improve the interpretation of the increasing number of positive results. Other biomarkers of inflammation, activated coagulation/fibrinolysis, and increased ventricular stress mirror different aspects of the underlying disease activity and may help to improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of acute coronary syndromes. Among the flood of new biomarkers, there are several novel promising biomarkers, such as copeptin that allows an earlier rule-out of myocardial infarction in combination with cardiac troponin, whereas MR-proANP and MR-proADM appear to allow a refinement of cardiovascular risk. GDF-15 might help to identify candidates for an early invasive vs conservative strategy. A multi-marker approach to biomarkers becomes more and more attractive, as increasing evidence suggests that a combination of several biomarkers may help to predict individual risk and treatment benefits, particularly among troponin-negative subjects. Future goals include the acceleration of rule-in and rule-out of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome, in order to shorten lengths of stay in the emergency department, and to optimize patient management and the use of health care resources. New algorithms using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays at low cut-offs alone, or in combination with additional biomarkers, allow to establish accelerated rule-out algorithms within 1 or 2 hours.
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Giannitsis, Evangelos, and Hugo A. Katus. Biomarkers in acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0036_update_001.

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Biomarker testing in the evaluation of a patient with acute chest pain is best established for cardiac troponins that allow the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, risk estimation of short- and long-term risk of death and myocardial infarction, and guidance of pharmacological therapy, as well as the need and timing of invasive strategy. Newer, more sensitive troponin assays have become commercially available and have the capability to detect myocardial infarction earlier and more sensitively than standard assays, but they are hampered by a lack of clinical specificity, i.e. the ability to discriminate myocardial ischaemia from myocardial necrosis not related to ischaemia such as myocarditis, pulmonary embolism, or decompensated heart failure. Strategies to improve clinical specificity (including strict adherence to the universal myocardial infarction definition and the need for serial troponin measurements to detect an acute rise and/or fall of cardiac troponin) will improve the interpretation of the increasing number of positive results. Other biomarkers of inflammation, activated coagulation/fibrinolysis, and increased ventricular stress mirror different aspects of the underlying disease activity and may help to improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of acute coronary syndromes. Among the flood of new biomarkers, there are several novel promising biomarkers, such as copeptin that allows an earlier rule-out of myocardial infarction in combination with cardiac troponin, whereas MR-proANP and MR-proADM appear to allow a refinement of cardiovascular risk. GDF-15 might help to identify candidates for an early invasive vs conservative strategy. A multi-marker approach to biomarkers becomes more and more attractive, as increasing evidence suggests that a combination of several biomarkers may help to predict individual risk and treatment benefits, particularly among normal-troponin subjects. Future goals include the acceleration of rule-in and rule-out of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome, in order to shorten lengths of stay in the emergency department, and to optimize patient management and the use of health care resources. New algorithms using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays at low cut-offs alone, or in combination with additional biomarkers, allow to establish accelerated rule-out algorithms within 1 or 2 hours.
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Giannitsis, Evangelos, and Hugo A. Katus. Biomarkers in acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0036_update_002.

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Biomarker testing in the evaluation of a patient with acute chest pain is best established for cardiac troponins that allow the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, risk estimation of short- and long-term risk of death and myocardial infarction, and guidance of pharmacological therapy, as well as the need and timing of invasive strategy. Newer, more sensitive troponin assays have become commercially available and have the capability to detect myocardial infarction earlier and more sensitively than standard assays, but they are hampered by a lack of clinical specificity, i.e. the ability to discriminate myocardial ischaemia from myocardial necrosis not related to ischaemia such as myocarditis, pulmonary embolism, or decompensated heart failure. Strategies to improve clinical specificity (including strict adherence to the universal myocardial infarction definition and the need for serial troponin measurements to detect an acute rise and/or fall of cardiac troponin) will improve the interpretation of the increasing number of positive results. Other biomarkers of inflammation, activated coagulation/fibrinolysis, and increased ventricular stress mirror different aspects of the underlying disease activity and may help to improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of acute coronary syndromes. Among the flood of new biomarkers, there are several novel promising biomarkers, such as copeptin that allows an earlier rule-out of myocardial infarction in combination with cardiac troponin, whereas MR-proANP and MR-proADM appear to allow a refinement of cardiovascular risk. GDF-15 might help to identify candidates for an early invasive vs conservative strategy. A multi-marker approach to biomarkers becomes more and more attractive, as increasing evidence suggests that a combination of several biomarkers may help to predict individual risk and treatment benefits, particularly among normal-troponin subjects. Future goals include the acceleration of rule-in and rule-out of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome, in order to shorten lengths of stay in the emergency department, and to optimize patient management and the use of health care resources. New algorithms using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays at low cut-offs alone, or in combination with additional biomarkers, allow to establish accelerated rule-out algorithms within 1 or 2 hours.
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Furst, Eric M., and Todd M. Squires. Light scattering microrheology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.003.0005.

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The fundamentals and best practices of passive microrheology using dynamic light scattering and diffusing wave spectroscopy are discussed. The principles of light scattering are introduced and applied in both the single and multiple scattering regimes, including derivations of the light and field autocorrelation functions. Applications to high-frequency microrheology and polymer dynamics are presented, including inertial corrections. Methods to treat gels and other non-ergodic samples, including multi-speckle and optical mixing designs are discussed. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a well established method for measuring the motion of colloids, proteins and macromolecules. Light scattering has several advantages for microrheology, especially given the availability of commercial instruments, the relatively large sample volumes that average over many probes, and the sensitivity of the measurement to small particle displacements, which can extend the range of length and timescales probed beyond those typically accessed by the methods of multiple particle tracking and bulk rheology.
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Xue, Yongkang, Yaoming Ma, and Qian Li. Land–Climate Interaction Over the Tibetan Plateau. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.592.

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The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is the largest and highest plateau on Earth. Due to its elevation, it receives much more downward shortwave radiation than other areas, which results in very strong diurnal and seasonal changes of the surface energy components and other meteorological variables, such as surface temperature and the convective atmospheric boundary layer. With such unique land process conditions on a distinct geomorphic unit, the TP has been identified as having the strongest land/atmosphere interactions in the mid-latitudes.Three major TP land/atmosphere interaction issues are presented in this article: (1) Scientists have long been aware of the role of the TP in atmospheric circulation. The view that the TP’s thermal and dynamic forcing drives the Asian monsoon has been prevalent in the literature for decades. In addition to the TP’s topographic effect, diagnostic and modeling studies have shown that the TP provides a huge, elevated heat source to the middle troposphere, and that the sensible heat pump plays a major role in the regional climate and in the formation of the Asian monsoon. Recent modeling studies, however, suggest that the south and west slopes of the Himalayas produce a strong monsoon by insulating warm and moist tropical air from the cold and dry extratropics, so the TP heat source cannot be considered as a factor for driving the Indian monsoon. The climate models’ shortcomings have been speculated to cause the discrepancies/controversies in the modeling results in this aspect. (2) The TP snow cover and Asian monsoon relationship is considered as another hot topic in TP land/atmosphere interaction studies and was proposed as early as 1884. Using ground measurements and remote sensing data available since the 1970s, a number of studies have confirmed the empirical relationship between TP snow cover and the Asian monsoon, albeit sometimes with different signs. Sensitivity studies using numerical modeling have also demonstrated the effects of snow on the monsoon but were normally tested with specified extreme snow cover conditions. There are also controversies regarding the possible mechanisms through which snow affects the monsoon. Currently, snow is no longer a factor in the statistic prediction model for the Indian monsoon prediction in the Indian Meteorological Department. These controversial issues indicate the necessity of having measurements that are more comprehensive over the TP to better understand the nature of the TP land/atmosphere interactions and evaluate the model-produced results. (3) The TP is one of the major areas in China greatly affected by land degradation due to both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Preliminary modeling studies have been conducted to assess its possible impact on climate and regional hydrology. Assessments using global and regional models with more realistic TP land degradation data are imperative.Due to high elevation and harsh climate conditions, measurements over the TP used to be sparse. Fortunately, since the 1990s, state-of-the-art observational long-term station networks in the TP and neighboring regions have been established. Four large field experiments since 1996, among many observational activities, are presented in this article. These experiments should greatly help further research on TP land/atmosphere interactions.
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Lopez, Berenice, and Patrick J. Twomey. Biochemical investigation of rheumatic diseases. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0062.

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It is important for rheumatologists to have an understanding of biochemical tests including an awareness of their limitations. The biological variability of an analyte both within and between individuals, the limitations of the measurement technology, the sensitivity of laboratory internal quality control and external quality assurance procedures, as well as interlaboratory variations in practices including sample collection procedures, may all impact on the interpretation of a result. Biochemical tests are often requested to monitor organ-specific dysfunction arising as an adverse consequence of pharmacotherapy or as a component of a systemic rheumatic disease, although dysfunction may also reflect infection or coincidental pathology. Patients with rheumatic diseases are at high risk of renal and hepatic disease. Serum creatinine and its derivative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are the most readily available surrogate markers of GFR and are used to assess renal impairment and monitor its course. However, the use of creatinine alone lacks sensitivity and a substantial loss of function must occur before creatinine levels are increased. Additional biochemical screening for kidney damage can be performed by assessment of glomerular integrity, including proteinuria or albuminuria and haematuria. A wide spectrum of rheumatic diseases can affect the liver with various degrees of involvement and hepatic pathology. These often present with cholestatic or hepatitic biochemical profiles. The medical management of rheumatic diseases also involves medications that are hepatotoxic, and routine monitoring of liver function is recommended. This approach is not problem-free and may be improved by quantitative determinations of non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis in the future. Together with imaging techniques, biochemical tests play an important role in the assessment and differential diagnosis of metabolic bone disease.
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Sklar, Larry A., ed. Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195183146.001.0001.

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Flow cytometry is a sensitive and quantitative platform for the measurement of particle fluorescence. In flow cytometry, the particles in a sample flow in single file through a focused laser beam at rates of hundreds to thousands of particles per second. During the time each particle is in the laser beam, on the order of ten microseconds, one or more fluorescent dyes associated with that particle are excited. The fluorescence emitted from each particle is collected through a microscope objective, spectrally filtered, and detected with photomultiplier tubes. Flow cytometry is uniquely capable of the precise and quantitative molecular analysis of genomic sequence information, interactions between purified biomolecules and cellular function. Combined with automated sample handling for increased sample throughput, these features make flow cytometry a versatile platform with applications at many stages of drug discovery. Traditionally, the particles studied are cells, especially blood cells; flow cytometry is used extensively in immunology. This volume shows how flow cytometry is integrated into modern biotechnology, dealing with issues of throughput, content, sensitivity, and high throughput informatics with applications in genomics, proteomics and protein-protein interactions, drug discovery, vaccine development, plant and reproductive biology, pharmacology and toxicology, cell-cell interactions and protein engineering.
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Book chapters on the topic "High sensitivity measurements"

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Walther, H. G., and E. Welsch. "High-Sensitivity Photothermal Absorption Measurements on Curved Optical Thin Film Optics." In Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena II, 319–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46972-8_81.

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Burlison, S. H., P. D. Ruiz, and J. M. Huntley. "High resolution tilt scanning interferometry system for full sensitivity depth-resolved displacement measurements in weakly scattering materials." In Fringe 2009, 1–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03051-2_110.

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Mirshekar-Syahkal, D., and R. F. Mostafavi. "High Sensitivity AC Field Measurement Using Rhombic Inducer." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1121–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0383-1_146.

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Kaur, Daljeet, Zubair Ahmad Dar, Sanjeev Kumar, and Md Naimuddin. "The INO-ICAL Sensitivity for the Separate Measurement of Neutrinos/Anti-neutrinos Parameters." In XXII DAE High Energy Physics Symposium, 423–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73171-1_98.

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Mirshekar-Syahkal, D. "Review of High Sensitivity AC Field Measurement — Recent Advances and Future Work." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 235–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5339-7_30.

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Eremin, Sergey. "Immunochemical methods for detection of organophosphorus compounds." In ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NEUROTOXINS, 219–30. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/33_219-230.

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Organophosphorus compounds (OP) are found in environmental objects and food products. Due to their high toxicity and inhibition of cholinesterase activity, it is necessary to control residual amounts of OP. The most common methods for determining OP are gas and liquid chromatography with various detection methods. However, chromatographic analysis is lengthy, requires complex sample preparation and expensive equipment, which limits its use for screening a large number of samples and continuous monitoring of the content of OP. To detect the OP, it is necessary to use High Throughput Screening methods, using simple, fast and inexpensive analysis methods. Currently, immunochemical methods are increasingly used to determine OP. These methods are based on the recognition of the analyte (antigen) by specific receptors (antibodies) with the formation of the antigen-antibody complex and the measurement of the analytical signal generated by the immunochemical test system in response to complex formation, which leads to high sensitivity and specificity of the analysis.
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Kushnir, Mark M., Alan L. Rockwood, Bingfang Yue, and A. Wayne Meikle. "High Sensitivity Measurement of Estrone and Estradiol in Serum and Plasma Using LC-MS/MS." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 219–28. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-459-3_20.

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Kushnir, Mark M., and Alan L. Rockwood. "High Sensitivity Measurement of Parathyroid Hormone–Related Protein (PTHrP) in Plasma by LC-MS/MS." In Clinical Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Biomolecular Analysis, 375–89. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2565-1_33.

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Escobar, Hernando, Mark M. Kushnir, Alan L. Rockwood, and A. Wayne Meikle. "High Sensitivity Measurement of Pancreatic Polypeptide and Its Variant in Serum and Plasma by LC-MS/MS." In Clinical Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Biomolecular Analysis, 199–210. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3182-8_21.

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Spector, Aaron D. "Light-Shining-Through-Walls Experiments." In The Search for Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter, 255–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95852-7_9.

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AbstractThe light-shining-through-walls (LSW) method of searching for ultralight bosonic dark matter (UBDM) uses lasers and strong dipole magnets to probe the coupling between photons and UBDM in the presence of a magnetic field. Since these experiments take place entirely in the laboratory, they offer a unique opportunity to perform a model independent measurement of this interaction. This involves shining a high-power laser through a magnetic field toward a wall which blocks the light. The interaction between the laser and the magnetic field generates a beam of UBDM that passes through the wall. Beyond the wall is another region of strong magnetic field that reconverts the UBDM back to photons that can then be measured by a single photon detection system. The sensitivity of these kinds of experiments can be improved further by implementing optical cavities before and after the wall to amplify the power of the light propagating through the magnetic fields. This chapter gives an introduction to LSW experiments and discusses a number of interesting challenges associated with the technique.
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Conference papers on the topic "High sensitivity measurements"

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Cella, Giancarlo. "Optical quantum noise in high sensitivity measurements." In 2014 IEEE Metrology for Aerospace (MetroAeroSpace). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroaerospace.2014.6865939.

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Martinussen, Hanne, Astrid Aksnes, and Helge E. Engan. "High sensitivity vibration measurements with absolute calibration." In 2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2006.4627773.

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Giannini, Nathan, Junior R. Silva, Chengao Wang, Alexander R. Albrecht, Seth D. Melgaard, and Mansoor Sheik-Bahae. "High sensitivity background absorption measurements in semiconductors." In SPIE OPTO, edited by Richard I. Epstein, Denis V. Seletskiy, and Mansoor Sheik-Bahae. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2080087.

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Voloshin, Arkady S., and Adel F. Bastawros. "High-sensitivity interferometric technique for strain measurements." In Singapore, edited by Manfred Lorenzen, Duncan R. J. Campbell, and Craig Johnson. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.26116.

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Ferrari, Giorgio, Marco Carminati, Giacomo Gervasoni, Marco Sampietro, Enrico Prati, Cecilia Pennetta, Francesca Lezzi, and Dario Pisignano. "High sensitivity noise measurements: Circuits, techniques and applications." In 2015 International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnf.2015.7288556.

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Savoie, D., M. Altorio, B. Fang, L. A. Sidorenkov, R. Geiger, and A. Landragin. "Interleaved Atom Interferometry for High Sensitivity Inertial Measurements." In 2019 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium anEuropean Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF/IFC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fcs.2019.8856073.

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Zhou, Yong Jin, Qiao Yu Li, Hong Zhou Zhao, Jing Cai, and Rong Lin Shao. "Active Plasmonic Sensors for High-sensitivity Microwave Measurements." In 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers-fall48861.2019.9021852.

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Croucher, J. A., L. Gomez-Rojas, S. Kanellopoulos, and V. A. Handerek. "High Sensitivity Pressure Measurements Using Side-Hole Fibre." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.1997.otud2.

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Kanofsky, Alvin S., Vladimir Gershman, and Warren A. Rosen. "Detailed performance measurements on high-sensitivity optical detectors." In Optical Tools for Manufacturing and Advanced Automation, edited by Dilip K. Paul and Hakan H. Yuce. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.168627.

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Paetzold, Ralph, Debora Henseler, Karsten Heuser, Valentina Cesari, Wiebke Sarfert, Georg Wittmann, and Albrecht Winnacker. "High-sensitivity permeation measurements on flexible OLED substrates." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by Zakya H. Kafafi and Paul A. Lane. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.510027.

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Reports on the topic "High sensitivity measurements"

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Burkholder, Robert J., and Chi-Chih Chen. Investigation of Antennas for a High-Sensitivity Polarization Measurement Sensor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada530246.

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Lers, Amnon, Majid R. Foolad, and Haya Friedman. genetic basis for postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600014.bard.

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ABSTRACT Postharvest losses of fresh produce are estimated globally to be around 30%. Reducing these losses is considered a major solution to ensure global food security. Storage at low temperatures is an efficient practice to prolong postharvest performance of crops with minimal negative impact on produce quality or human health and the environment. However, many fresh produce commodities are susceptible to chilling temperatures, and the application of cold storage is limited as it would cause physiological chilling injury (CI) leading to reduced produce quality. Further, the primary CI becomes a preferred site for pathogens leading to decay and massive produce losses. Thus, chilling sensitive crops should be stored at higher minimal temperatures, which curtails their marketing life and in some cases necessitates the use of other storage strategies. Development of new knowledge about the biological basis for chilling tolerance in fruits and vegetables should allow development of both new varieties more tolerant to cold, and more efficient postharvest storage treatments and storage conditions. In order to improve the agricultural performance of modern crop varieties, including tomato, there is great potential in introgression of marker-defined genomic regions from wild species onto the background of elite breeding lines. To exploit this potential for improving tomato fruit chilling tolerance during postharvest storage, we have used in this research a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the red-fruited tomato wild species SolanumpimpinellifoliumL. accession LA2093 and an advanced Solanum lycopersicumL. tomato breeding line NCEBR-1, developed in the laboratory of the US co-PI. The original specific objectives were: 1) Screening of RIL population resulting from the cross NCEBR1 X LA2093 for fruit chilling response during postharvest storage and estimation of its heritability; 2) Perform a transcriptopmic and bioinformatics analysis for the two parental lines following exposure to chilling storage. During the course of the project, we learned that we could measure greater differences in chilling responses among specific RILs compared to that observed between the two parental lines, and thus we decided not to perform transcriptomic analysis and instead invest our efforts more on characterization of the RILs. Performing the transcriptomic analysis for several RILs, which significantly differ in their chilling tolerance/sensitivity, at a later stage could result with more significant insights. The RIL population, (172 lines), was used in field experiment in which fruits were examined for chilling sensitivity by determining CI severity. Following the field experiments, including 4 harvest days and CI measurements, two extreme tails of the response distribution, each consisting of 11 RILs exhibiting either high sensitivity or tolerance to chilling stress, were identified and were further examined for chilling response in greenhouse experiments. Across the RILs, we found significant (P < 0.01) correlation between field and greenhouse grown plants in fruit CI. Two groups of 5 RILs, whose fruits exhibited reproducible chilling tolerant/sensitive phenotypes in both field and greenhouse experiments, were selected for further analyses. Numerous genetic, physiological, biochemical and molecular variations were investigated in response to postharvest chilling stress in the selected RILs. We confirmed the differential response of the parental lines of the RIL population to chilling stress, and examined the extent of variation in the RIL population in response to chilling treatment. We determined parameters which would be useful for further characterization of chilling response in the RIL population. These included chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, water loss, total non-enzymatic potential of antioxidant activity, ascorbate and proline content, and expression of LeCBF1 gene, known to be associated with cold acclimation. These parameters could be used in continuation studies for the identification and genetic mapping of loci contributing to chilling tolerance in this population, and identifying genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance in tomato. Once genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance are identified, the trait could be transferred to different genetic background via marker-assisted selection (MAS) and breeding. The collaborative research established in this program has resulted in new information and insights in this area of research and the collaboration will be continued to obtain further insights into the genetic, molecular biology and physiology of postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. The US Co-PI, developed the RIL population that was used for screening and measurement of the relevant chilling stress responses and conducted statistical analyses of the data. Because we were not able to grow the RIL population under field conditions in two successive generations, we could not estimate heritability of response to chilling temperatures. However, we plan to continue the research, grow the RIL progeny in the field again, and determine heritability of chilling tolerance in a near future. The IS and US investigators interacted regularly and plan to continue and expand on this study, since combing the expertise of the Co-PI in genetics and breeding with that of the PI in postharvest physiology and molecular biology will have great impact on this line of research, given the significant findings of this one-year feasibility project.
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Punjabi, Maitri, Julianne Norman, Lauren Edwards, and Peter Muyingo. Using ACASI to Measure Gender-Based Violence in Ugandan Primary Schools. RTI Press, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rb.0025.2104.

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School-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) remains difficult to measure because of high sensitivity and response bias. However, most SRGBV measurement relies on face-to-face (FTF) survey administration, which is susceptible to increased social desirability bias. Widely used in research on sensitive topics, Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) allows subjects to respond to pre-recorded questions on a computerized device, providing respondents with privacy and confidentiality. This brief contains the findings from a large-scale study conducted in Uganda in 2019 where primary grade 3 students were randomly selected to complete surveys using either ACASI or FTF administration. The surveys covered school climate, gender attitudes, social-emotional learning, and experiences of SRGBV. Through this study, we find that although most survey responses were comparable between ACASI and FTF groups, the reporting of experiences of sexual violence differed drastically: 43% of students in the FTF group versus 77% of students in the ACASI group reported experiencing sexual violence in the past school term. We also find that factor structures are similar for data collected with ACASI compared with data collected FTF, though there is weaker evidence for construct validity for both administration modes. We conclude that ACASI is a valuable tool in measuring sensitive sub-topics of SRGBV and should be utilized over FTF administration, although further psychometric testing of these surveys is recommended.
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Wah, Yau W. A high sensitivity search for CP violating rare K[sub L] decays and precision measurement of the direct CP violation parameter [epsilon][prime]/[epsilon] via the four K [yields] 2[pi] decay modes, Task J. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6326950.

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Wah, Yau W. Precision measurement of the direct CP violation parameter. var epsilon. prime /. var epsilon. via the four K yields 2. pi. decay modes and a high sensitivity search for CP violating rare K sub L decays, Task J. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5083692.

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Wah, Yau W. Precision measurement of the direct CP violation parameter {var_epsilon}{prime}/{var_epsilon} via the four K {yields} 2{pi} decay modes and a high sensitivity search for CP violating rare K{sub L} decays, Task J. Progress report, May 1, 1991--April 30, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10154988.

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Wah, Yau W. A high sensitivity search for CP violating rare K{sub L} decays and precision measurement of the direct CP violation parameter {epsilon}{prime}/{epsilon} via the four K {yields} 2{pi} decay modes, Task J. Progress report, May 1, 1992--April 30, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10164096.

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Measurements of rare composite objects and high sensitivity searches for novel forms of matter produced in high energy heavy ion collisions. [Physics Dept. , Yale Univ. , New Haven, Connecticut]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6874263.

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Measurements of rare composite objects and high sensitivity searches for novel forms of matter produced in high energy heavy ion collisions. Technical progress report, April 1992--March 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10133756.

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