Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'High-salinity'
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Chung, Hyung Won. "Membrane distillation for high salinity desalination." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100061.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-60).
Membrane distillation systems typically have low energy efficiency. Multistage membrane distillation (MD) systems can have significantly higher efficiencies than their single stage counterparts. However, multistage MD system design has received limited attention. In this work, the performance of a multistage vacuum membrane distillation (MSVMD) which is thermodynamically similar to a multi-stage flash distillation (MSF) is evaluated for desalination, brine concentration, and produced water reclamation applications. A wide range of solution concentrations were accurately modeled by implementing Pitzer's equations for NaCl-solution properties. The viability of MSVMD use for zero liquid discharge (ZLD) applications is investigated, by considering discharge salinities close to NaCl saturation conditions. Energy efficiency (gained output ratio or GOR), second law efficiency, and the specific membrane area were used to quantify the performance of the system. At high salinities, the increased boiling point elevation of the feed stream resulted in lower fluxes, larger heating requirements and lower GOR values. The second law efficiency, however, is higher under these conditions since the least heat for separation increases faster than the system's specific energy consumption with increase in salinity. Under high salinity conditions, the relative significance of irreversible losses is lower. Results indicate that MSVMD systems can be as efficient as a conventional MSF system, while using reasonable membrane areas and for a wide range of feed salinities. Given MD's advantages over MSF such as lower capital requirement and scalability, MSVMD can be an attractive alternative to conventional thermal desalination systems. Recently proposed single stage MD systems have shown high energy efficiency. Permeate gap (PGMD) and conductive gap (CGMD) systems are studied in the context of energy efficiency. A wide range of salinities was considered to investigate potential of these single stage systems for high salinity desalination applications.
by Hyung Won Chung.
S.M.
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Ehtaiwesh, Amal Faraj Ahmed. "Effects of salinity and high temperature stress on winter wheat genotypes." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34545.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Agronomy
P. V. Vara Prasad
Increased ambient temperature and soil salinity seriously affect the productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) which is an important cereal second to rice as the main human food crop. However, wheat plant is most susceptible to high temperatures and salinity at booting and flowering stages. Several studies have documented the effects of individual stress like salinity and high temperature stress on wheat, nonetheless little is known about effects of combined salinity and high temperature at critical growth stages. Therefore, the objectives of this research were (i) to screen winter wheat germplasm for salinity tolerance at the germination stages and to determine seedling growth traits associated with salinity tolerance, (ii) to evaluate the independent and combined effects of high temperature and salinity on winter wheat genotypes at the booting stages through growth, physiological, biochemical, and yield traits, and (iii) to evaluate the independent and combined effects of high temperature and salinity on winter wheat genotypes at the flowering stages through growth, physiological, biochemical, and yield traits. In the first experiment, 292 winter wheat genotypes (winter wheat germplasm) was screened for salinity stress at germination stage under controlled environments. The seeds were subjected to three levels of salinity, 0, 60, and 120 mM NaCl to quantify the effects of salinity on seed germination and seedling growth. In the second experiment, controlled environment study was conducted to quantity the independent and combined high temperature and salinity stress effects on growth, physiological, biochemical, and yield traits of twelve winter wheat genotypes during booting stage. Plants were grown at 20/15 °C (daytime maximum/nighttime minimum) temperature with 16 h photoperiod. At booting stages, the plants were exposed to optimum (20/15 °C) or high temperature (35/20 °C) and without (0 mM NaCl) and with (60, and 120 mM) NaCl. In the third experiment, plants were exposed to optimum or high temperature and with and without NaCl levels at flowering stages. The temperature regime and salinity levels were same as experiment II. The duration of stress was 10 d and after the stress period the plants were brought to optimum temperature and irrigated with normal water (0 mM NaCl). The results indicated that, at 120 mM NaCl, the final germination percentage was decreased and the mean daily germination was delayed. Irrespective of the genotype, salinity stress significantly decreased the shoot and root length; seedling dry matter production, and seedling vigor. Based on the seedling vigor index, the genotype GAGE, OK04507, MTS0531, TASCOSA, ENDURANCE and GUYMON, were found to be most tolerant and CO04W320, 2174-05, CARSON, OK1070275, TX02A0252 and TX04M410211 were the most susceptible to salinity at germination stage. Combined stresses of high temperature and salinity decreased photosynthetic rate and grain yields. Based on grain yield, the genotype TASCOSA was found to be most tolerant (64 % decrease) to combined stresses, and AVALANCHE was the most susceptible to combined stresses (75 % decrease) at booting stages. Similarly, at flowering stage, TX04M410211 had greater tolerance to combined stresses (65 % decline) as compared to GAGE (83 % decline). In both experiments, tolerance was associated with higher spikelet number and seed set. In conclusion, there is genetic variability among winter wheat genotypes that can be used in breeding programs to improve winter wheat yield under combined high temperature and salinity stress conditions.
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Magnusson, Tylan Wayne. "High Salinity Stabilizes Bacterial Community Composition and Activity Through Time." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5535.
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Dormancy is a plausible strategy for bacteria to overcome the effects of temporal fluctuations in resources or stresses and await more “optimal” conditions to resume metabolic activity and growth. Seasonal changes in environmental conditions force microbes to adjust their metabolic activity accordingly, and community composition drastically shifts. In extreme environments, however, the overriding effects of a constant stress may constrain the need or benefit of bacteria entering dormancy. In hypersaline lakes, high metabolic activity is required to maintain adaptations that permit survival. Sampling from six lakes on a salinity gradient (0.05% – 30.3%), we measured seasonal fluctuations in bacterial dormancy patterns in summer, fall, winter, and spring of 2013-14. Dormancy was calculated based on ratios of OTU recovery between 16S rRNA-based communities (only the active bacteria) and 16S rRNA gene-based communities (all bacteria present in the community) from lake water. Dormancy was linked to lake chemistry shifts through time. We found that salinity was strongly related to relative bacterial dormancy. There was a negative linear relationship (R2 = .89 P <0.01) between total dormancy and salinity. Total phosphorus (R2 = .63, P < .001) and relative community contribution by rare taxa (R2 = .89, P < .001) were also important in structuring dormancy. Our findings suggest that temporal nutrient flux is highly influential on bacterial community composition and activity, but that the presence of an extreme variable decreases change in both through time.
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Chen, Feng. "Evaluating the Performance of Sand/Gravel Bioreactors in Treatment of High Strength, High Salinity Wastewater." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461076223.
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Fahy, Brian Patrick. "The influence of salinity on the mechanical behavior of high plasticity soils." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90049.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 235-238).
This thesis investigates the influence of salinity on the mechanical behavior of smectitic rich high plasticity soils resedimented with pore fluid salinities ranging from 0 to 256 g/L. An extensive laboratory testing program involving Constant Rate of Strain (CRS) and K₀ consolidated undrained shear in compression triaxial testing (CK₀UC) was undertaken. Specimens tested in the modified CRS device reached axial effective stresses between 30 and 40 MPa. Triaxial testing was performed over a very wide range of effective stresses from 0.125 to 10 MPa, with one test consolidated to 63 MPa. Behavior is examined at pore fluid salinities of 4, 64, and 256 g/L. The shear behavior of all specimens was obtained in the normally consolidated region. Six different soils from the Gulf of Mexico region, ranging in liquid limit from 62 % to 90 %, were tested to determine the impact of varying salinity on one dimensional consolidation and permeability properties. The majority of testing was carried out on Gulf of Mexico - Eugene Island (GOM EI). This material was used to examine the behavior of a soil whose fabric has been changed by the removal of the natural salts via leaching. Both leached and natural GOM El were tested to investigate the influence of salinity on strength properties. CRS results show similar trends for each soil. Compressibility decreases and permeability increases significantly with increasing salinity. Increasing consolidation stresses to 40 MPa decreased the influence of salinity on compressibility to negligible levels while stress dependent permeability behavior varied amongst the soils tested. Significant decreases in both normalized undrained shear strength and critical state friction angle of GOM El with increasing stress level were observed, corresponding with an increase in the value of KO. An increase in shear strength and critical state friction angle was observed with increasing salinity at a consolidation stress of 0.4 MPa. No definitive trend was evident between the strength properties of leached and natural GOM El. The strength behavior of GOM El is consistent with that observed for other materials from a wide variety of geologic backgrounds and is in agreement with correlations between critical state friction angle and undrained strength to liquid limit.
by Brian Patrick Fahy.
S.M.
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Zhang, Xin. "Application of Partial Nitritation/Anammox Process for Treatment of Wastewater with High Salinity." Thesis, KTH, VA-teknik, Vatten, Avlopp och Avfall, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-99359.
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The combination of partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is a composting way to remove the nitrogen in the wastewater. In this article the analysis was made to investigate how the salinity in the wastewater affects the process. Two strategies of salt concentration increase were tested in two reactors. The physical, chemical parameters and the activity of the bacteria in the reactors were monitored. The results of two strategies were compared and the reactor with less salt in each period showed higher bacteria activities and efficiency. Finally the outlook for the future research was made.
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Turkmen, Muserref. "Sulfur-containing odorants and the effects of high salinity in anaerobically digested biosolids." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 224 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1257807571&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Abubaker, Nagah Suleman. "Molecular identification and physiological characterisation of bacteria adapted to grow at high salinity." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555713.
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Three strains (AM7, JC33 and NW53) were isolated from an oil pipeline in Kuwait using rich medium and aerobic incubation. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify the strains as Bacillus licheniformis (AM7, 98.9% identity), Staphylococcus pasteuri (Je33, 98.8%) and Brevibacterium stationis (97.9%). Due to their origin from oil pipeline samples, the strains were tested for their ability to grow as biofilms on filter paper on agar plates and also by using the microtitre assay. All three strains were able to form biofilms on filter paper and in microtitre plates. Biofilm and planktonic growth of the three strains was determined at different temperatures, pH values and salinities J and optimum values for biofilm and planktonic growth were determined. The response of the three strains to salinity was carried out, because it was known that seawater and groundwater were used to propel the oil to the refinery. Using rich LB medium, all three strains grew well at 1 M NaCI and after adaptation, good growth was found at salinities up to 3 M NaCl for B. licheniformis and S. pasteuri. Growth was also found for Br. stationis at 3 M NaCl, but it was significantly less than at the lower salinities. Further studies on salinity tolerance were carried out on Br. stationis, since this was the least characterised of the three strains isolated. NMR analyses were used to determine the compatible solutes used by Br. stationis when grown on M9 minimal medium. It was found that glycine betaine (betaine) was the major compatible solute, but that proline and an unknown sugar were also present at high salinities, when glucose was the carbon source. When betaine was the carbon source, only betaine was accumulated as a compatible solute. When the compatible solute ectoine was used as the sole source of carbon in M9 medium, ectoine was the dominant compatible solute at low salinities, but betaine was still accumulated at high salinities. These results suggest that betaine is the major compatible solute used by Br. station is. Further characterisation of Br. stationis involved measuring NADH oxidase activity in crude cell-free extracts to examine the effects oftemperature and salinity on intracellular enzyme activity.
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Mantri, Nitin Laxminarayan, and nitin_mantri@rediffmail com. "Gene expression profiling of chickpea responses to drought, cold and high-salinity using cDNA microarray." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080509.160714.
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Cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum) has a narrow genetic base making it difficult for breeders to produce new elite cultivars with durable resistance to major biotic and abiotic stresses. As an alternative to genome mapping, microarrays have recently been applied in crop species to identify and assess the function of putative genes thought to be involved in plant abiotic stress and defence responses. In the present study, a cDNA microarray approach was taken in order to determine if the transcription of genes, from a set of previously identified putative stress-responsive genes from chickpea and its close relative Lathyrus sativus, were altered in chickpea by the three abiotic stresses; drought, cold and high-salinity. For this, chickpea genotypes known to be tolerant and susceptible to each abiotic stress were challenged and gene expression in the leaf, root and/or flower tissues was studied. The transcripts that were differentially expressed among stressed an d unstressed plants in response to the particular stress were analysed in the context of tolerant/susceptible genotypes. The transcriptional change of more than two fold was observed for 109, 210 and 386 genes after drought, cold and high-salinity treatments, respectively. Among these, two, 15 and 30 genes were consensually differentially expressed (DE) between tolerant and susceptible genotypes studied for drought, cold and high-salinity, respectively. The genes that were DE in tolerant and susceptible genotypes under abiotic stresses code for various functional and regulatory proteins. Significant differences in stress responses were observed within and between tolerant and susceptible genotypes highlighting the multiple gene control and complexity of abiotic stress response mechanism in chickpea. The annotation of these genes suggests that they may have a role in abiotic stress response and are potential candidates for tolerance/susceptibility.
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Campani, Martina. "Biogas energy recovery from high salinity pickling tannery wastewater in UASB two-phase reactors." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textAbstract:
Il trattamento di reflui salini ed ipersalini rappresenta circa il 5 % della richiesta di trattamenti dei reflui a livello globale.
Lo scopo di questo elaborato è documentare come ottimizzare la produzione di metano, testando diverse condizioni in una configurazione a due fasi separate con reattori UASB, trattando un refluo salino derivante da piclaggio del cuoio (la prima fase della filiera conciaria).
Batch tests per la fase acidogenica sono stati eseguiti per valutare l’influenza del pH sull’acidogenesi: due pH sono stati testati 5.5, 7. La diluizione di refluo nei batch tests corrisponde a 30 g Na+/L , il miglior grado di acidificazione, 47.11 ± 2.29 %, è stato trovato a pH 7.
Il reattore UASB acidogenico è stato alimentato con una diluizione del refluo e le condizione (pH, carico organico e salinità) sono state modificate con lo scopo di ottimizzare la produzione di acidi grassi volatili. Il migliore grado di acidificazione, tra le condizioni testate, è stato raggiunto a pH 6.5, tempo di ritenzione idraulica 2.3 giorni, carico organico 1.35 ± 0.25 gCODsol/L per giorno, usando una diluzione del refluo corrispondente a 28.5 g Na+/L.
Il reattore UASB metanogenico è stato alimentato con una diluzione dell’effluente del reattore acidogenico e le condizioni testate (start up, salinità) sono state cambiate al fine di ottimizzare la produzione di metano. Tra le condizioni testate, la miglior produzione di metano, 160 mL/L per giorno, è stata ottenuta con un basso carico organico in start up, pH 7, tempo di ritenzione idraulica 1.3 giorni, carico organico 1.1 gCODsol/L per giorno, usando un’alimentazione con 14 g Na+/L.
Batch tests per la fase metanogenica sono stati eseguiti per valutare l’influenza del sale: tre diluizioni sono state eseguite (30 g Na+/L, 23 g Na+/L, 14 g Na+/L e 3 g Na+/L). È stato trovato che il sale a queste concentrazioni è inibitorio a tal punto che il bianco ha ottenuto una miglior produzione di metano.
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Al-Mjeni, Rifaat Abdul-Munim Mohammed. "The effect of clays, salinity and saturation on the high-frequency electrical properties of shaly sandstones." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6889.
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The effects of frequency, clay content, clay type, ionic concentration and saturation on the complex impedance of various shaly sandstone rocks have been investigated in a detailed and systematic manner. Synthetic samples have been used, so as to allow full control over clay content, clay type and clay distribution, hi addition, selected outcrop and reservoir samples with varying concentrations of clay were also used. Experimental measurements of complex impedance were made as a function of applied stress and saturation, for samples having differing amounts of clay, over a frequency range from 10 Hz to 2 MHz. In addition, the influence of ionic concentration (salinity) was also investigated. The modulus of impedance for the bulk sample response for fully saturated samples was frequency independent in the frequency range from approximately 10 kHz to 600 kHz. A strong linear correlation between the average complex impedance values and clay content was observed, with clay type influencing the magnitude of impedance. However, the reactance and dielectric constant were strongly frequency dependent. They both exhibited a power law dependency with frequency for the montmorillonite and illite synthetic shaly samples. It was possible to deduce correlations between the exponents from the reactance with clay content, and to a lesser extent clay type. The illite shaly samples usually showed the highest dielectric constant values, with the lowest belonging to the kaolinite samples. All samples showed strong relationships with salinity as the concentration was varied from 60,000 ppm to 15,000 ppm, with the modulus of impedance increasing as salinity decreased. The bulk sample response was frequency independent over all salinity concentrations. The dielectric constant showed increasing values as the salinity decreased, with a power law relationship best fitting the data. As the samples were desaturated, a frequency dependency developed for the modulus of impedance as a ftinction of saturation. As the samples were de-saturated the dielectric values decreased in magnitude. The concept of double layer thickness, and the variation in the cationic exchange capacity (CEC) with brine salinity and clay type, were used to explain the responses observed. Using this concept, the data was modelled using equivalent RC circuit models, and an impedance network model. It was found possible to model the data using combinations of capacitors and resistors.
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Burant, Aniela S. "Fate of Organic Compounds in High Salinity Waters and Supercritical CO2 Associated with Carbon Storage Environments." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/602.
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Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), including enhanced oil recovery (EOR), is one of the most promising mitigation strategies for climate change. CCUS involves the capture of CO2 from point sources and the subsequent injection of that CO2 into geologic storage formations. Depleted oil reservoirs will be the first targets of CCUS due to the economic benefits associated with EOR. EOR operations are expected to produce large volumes of wastewater brines with the crude oil. Brines, which can have high concentrations of salts and dissolved organic compounds; and CO2, which can have dissolved organic compounds, have potential to leak into shallower aquifers. Therefore, fundamental research is needed on the levels of organic compounds in both the reservoir brines and CO2 in case of leakage. This thesis was divided into two parts. Part I was concerned with the aqueous solubility of organic compounds in brines. The presence of dissolved salts typically results in a decrease in organic compound aqueous solubility, this is called the salting-out effect, and it is typically modeled by the Setschenow Equation. Setschenow constants, which are empirical salting-out parameters, are assumed to be additive, meaning that they are applicable in mixed electrolyte solutions. However, this has not been verified by extensive experimental work. For accurate risk assessment modeling, Setschenow constants are needed for NaCl and CaCl2 for hundreds of organic compounds relevant to oil and gas reservoirs. However, there are only ~190 reported NaCl Setschenow constants and ~19 reported CaCl2 Setschenow constants. For the majority of these compounds, the validity of the Setschenow Equation has only been proven up to 0.5 – 1 M NaCl/CaCl2; and has not been extended up to salt concentrations relevant to oil and gas reservoir brines. The first objective of this study was to determine the validity of the Setschenow Equation for selected hydrophobic compounds in the range of 2 – 5 M NaCl, 1.5 – 2 M CaCl2, and in mixed electrolyte brines. The salting-out effect was measured in NaCl, CaCl2, and mixed Na-Ca brines for naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, thiophene, benzothiophene, and dibenzothiophene. In this study, the Setschenow Equation was proven to be valid up to 2 – 5 M NaCl and 1.5 – 2 M CaCl2 for the organic compounds studied here. Setschenow constants were additive for fluorene and thiophene from moderate to high ionic strengths. Results demonstrated that previously determined Setschenow constants measured at low salt concentrations do not need to be re-measured at high salt concentrations. Objective 2 was to determine the validity of the Setschenow Equation for selected hydrophilic compounds up to 5 M NaCl, 2 M CaCl2, and in mixed electrolyte brines. The Setschenow Equation was proven to be valid in predicting the salting-out effect up to those high salt concentrations for three phenol, p-cresol, hydroquinone, 9-hydroxyfluorene, pyrrole, and hexanoic acid. Setschenow constants were additive for p-cresol and 9-hydroxyfluorene up to high ionic strengths. In addition to demonstrating the validity of the Setschenow Equation for these selected organic compounds, both Objective 1 and 2 added to a sparse database of NaCl and CaCl2 Setschenow constants. In Objective 3 models were evaluated, updated, and developed for prediction of Setschenow constants. Two models, a poly-parameter linear free energy relationship (pp-LFER) and a single parameter (sp) LFER, for prediction of NaCl Setschenow constants were evaluated and updated with new NaCl Setschenow constant data from both this study and the literature. The pp-LFER uses the Abraham solvation parameters of the organic compound of interest as inputs and the sp-LFER uses the octanol-water partitioning coefficient of the organic compound to predict NaCl Setschenow constants. Both models produced predictions of Setschenow constants that had good agreement with the experimental NaCl Setschenow constants in this study. The update of these models increased the breadth of organic compounds, and therefore confidence, in these models. In addition, four new models were developed to predict Setschenow constants of four other salts, which include CaCl2, KCl, LiCl, and NaBr. Extensions of this study include determining whether the Setschenow Equation is valid in predicting the salting-out effect for additional organic organics, different salts, and in additional mixed electrolyte systems. Finally, Part II of this study explored the data gaps related to the partitioning of organic compounds from water to sc-CO2. Objective four was to develop new linear partitioning models based on experimental water-sc-CO2 data of selected nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen containing organic compounds and literature data. There are only ~37 organic compounds that have reported water-sc-CO2 partitioning coefficients; however thousands of partitioning coefficients are needed over a range of temperature and pressure conditions. Therefore, models are needed to accurately predict these partitioning coefficients. Partitioning coefficients over a range of temperatures and pressures were measured for thiophene, pyrrole, and anisole. Those measured partitioning coefficients followed trends based on vapor pressure and aqueous solubility. These partitioning coefficients, along with literature values were used to update a pp-LFER. Five new models based on inputs of vapor pressure, aqueous solubility, and CO2 density were developed to predict water-sc-CO2 partitioning coefficients. Those models were developed using data from this study and literature data. Four of those models are specific to organic compound classes, which include monopolar substituted benzenes, polar substituted benzenes, chlorinated phenols, and nitrogen containing compounds, and the other model is available to any organic compound that has vapor pressure, aqueous solubility, and CO2 density inputs that fall within the specified training range. Possible extensions of this study include further research testing of different groups of organic compounds in water-sc-CO2 systems, co-solvency effects, determining the effects of the salting-out effect in water-sc-CO2 partitioning, and using sc-CO2 for water treatment.
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Park, Andrew David. "Preconditioning responses of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive provenances of Acacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hayne to high salinity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ51549.pdf.
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Park, Chanjae. "Microbial anaerobic respiration of perchlorate with the presence of either high salinity or reductive dechlorinaton of trichloroethylene." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3210299.
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Linton, Patricia E. "Isolation of salt-tolerant, iron-oxidising, acidophilic bacteria and assessment of their bioleaching potential at high salinity." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/304.
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Szwerdszarf, David A. "High Boron stress in Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum L. (Mill.) : evaluation of tolerance, antioxidant response and interaction with salinity stress /." [Sedeh Boker] : Ben Gurion Univesrity of the Negev, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, 2007. http://aranne5.lib.ad.bgu.ac.il/others/SzwerdszarfDavid.pdf.
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Hazman, Mohamed [Verfasser], and P. [Akademischer Betreuer] Nick. "Adaptation to salt stress in rice - How jasmonates contribute to the response to high salinity / Mohamed Hazman. Betreuer: P. Nick." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054397074/34.
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Denkhaus, Erik. "Using XhLEA, a group 1 vegetative Late Embryogenesis Abundant protein to aid water deficit tolerance in plants and microbes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98113.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) genes have been irrefutably linked to the osmotic stress response since their initial discovery in maturing cotton seeds. They have since been reported from a multitude of other organism where their occurrence is often associated with general responses to abiotic stress. Many studies have been conducted using LEA genes in over expression strategies to improve abiotic stress resistance. Of the known classes of LEAs, the group 1 LEAs have been widely reported, in plants, to only occur in seeds during late stages of development. Their expression coincides with the seeds acquisition of desiccation tolerance. In this thesis we present a group 1 LEA isolated from the desiccated vegetative tissues (leaves) of the resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis. Using E.coli and Arabidopsis we attempted to use XhLEA to improve salt and water deficit stress-responses, respectively. To this end we conducted soil-drought trials on two independent transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing XhLEA under a drought inducible-promoter and monitored their responses as compared to untransformed WT (Col-0 ) controls. Solid substrate E.coli growth assays and liquid media growth curves under both stress and unstressed conditions were conducted. We found no obvious beneficial effect through the expression of XhLEA in either of the organisms.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen opsomming beskikbaar
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Schiffman, Sara. "Sodium (Na) Levels in Drinking Water (H20) and Development of Hypertension in Children." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/962.
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This integrative review of the literature focused on sodium (Na) content in drinking water (H?O) supplies and the subsequent effect on blood pressure levels in children. Studies for this review were drawn from the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, PubMED, Science and Technology Databases, PsychInfo, United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and EPA in Florida websites. Criterion for inclusion in the data base searches were hypertension, high blood pressure, sodium in drinking water, drinking water salinity, children or preg'. Subsequently, further article selection criteria included children (under 18 years of age) and published in the English language (N=59). Findings of the review as summarized in this thesis could guide nursing research, education, policy and practice related to primary, secondary and tertiary interventions associated with sodium levels in drinking as a contributing factor to blood pressure levels in children.B.S.N.
Bachelors
Nursing
Nursing
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Mollamohseni, Quchani Kiyan. "Phenolic wastewater treatment by additional energy and carbon source co-substrate." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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Recalcitrant compounds such as phenol with high salinity condition due to their toxic an inhibitory nature have a negative impact on the efficiency of wastewater treatment by biological methods. Anaerobic degradation of saline [8 g Na+/L] and phenolic wastewater, under mesophilic was studied in two continuous anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR). We researched the effect of acetate on the biomass recovery after a phenol loading shock, and effect of butyrate on the phenol degradation process with AnMBR technology. Removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol after recovery period, among other variables were measured during the reactor operation. This work shows the efficiency of AnMBR technology in the degradation of inhibitory saline phenolic wastewater. In addition, this research shows the role of co-substrate in biomass recovery and phenol degradation after an intoxication period due to a phenol shock load.
This master thesis was developed as part of the BioXtreme project. This project is supported by the Dutch technology foundation (STW, Project No.13348), which is part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NOW), partially sponsored by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs. This research is co-sponsored by Evides Industriewater and Paques B.V.
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Sellami, Jallouli Sahar. "Etude de l'homéostasie des sucres en réponse à une forte salinité chez Arabidopsis thaliana : impact sur l'anatomie des tissus vasculaires dans la hampe florale et rôle dans la tolérance Arabidopsis natural accessions display adaptations in inflorescence growth and vascular anatomy to withstand high salinity during reproductive growth Salinity Effects on Sugar Homeostasis and Vascular Anatomy in the Stem of the Arabidopsis Thaliana Inflorescence." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS549.
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Chez Arabidopsis thaliana au stade reproducteur la hampe florale joue un rôle important dans l’approvisionnement en nutriments par les tissus vasculaires des siliques et des graines. Elle constitue un modèle pour l’étude de l’allocation du carbone et de l’homéostasie des sucres lors de réponse à des stress abiotiques. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les modifications de l’anatomie des tissus vasculaires et de l’homéostasie des sucres dans la hampe florale en réponse au stress salin, avec ou sans acclimatation, afin de comprendre leurs contributions dans les processus adaptatifs et d’acclimatations. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié la variabilité naturelle de la croissance de la hampe florale, de l’accumulation des sucres et de l’anatomie des tissus vasculaires dans la hampe florale dans trois accessions d’Arabidopsis thaliana et une espèce halophyte proche « Thellungiella salsuginea ». Cette étude a montré des modifications intervenant dans le développement de la hampe florale, dans l’accumulation des sucres et dans l’anatomie des tissus vasculaires en réponse au stress salin, selon le niveau de tolérance de l’écotype. Nous avons également montré que certaines de ces modifications sont liées aux processus adaptatifs au stress salin. Ces résultats suggèrent que la régulation de la croissance de la hampe florale et l’ajustement de l’anatomie des tissus vasculaires contribuent à la tolérance au stress salin. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié chez l’accession Columbia d’Arabidopsis les modifications du transport et du métabolisme des sucres, en relation avec des changements dans l’anatomie des tissus vasculaires et la composition de la paroi secondaire dans le xylème. Les résultats montrent une accumulation des sucres associée à une dérégulation de gènes qui codent pour le transport et le métabolisme des sucres. Des modifications de l’anatomie des tissus vasculaires et de la composition de la paroi secondaire dans les vaisseaux de xylème ont été aussi observées. Ces résultats suggèrent une régulation de la répartition des sucres dans la hampe florale en réponse au stress salin qui peuvent contribuer à la tolérance au stress. L’ensemble de ces travaux permettent de proposer un modèle des régulations agissant sur l’homéostasie et le transport des sucres en réponse au stress salin dans la hampe florale, même si nos résultats ne permettent pas de conclure si ces processus sont favorables à la production des graines et interviennent dans l’adaptation ou l’acclimatation au stress salinIn Arabidopsis thaliana at the reproductive stage, the inflorescence plays an important role in the supply of nutrients through the vascular tissues of siliques and seeds. It is a model for the study of carbon allocation and sugar homeostasis in response to abiotic stress. The objective of this thesis was to study changes in the anatomy of vascular tissue and homeostasis of sugars in the main floral stem in response to salt stress, with or without acclimation to understand their contributions in the adaptive process and acclimation. First, we studied the natural variability of the growth of the inflorescence, the accumulation of sugars and the anatomy of vascular tissue in the scape in three accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana and related species halophyte «Thellungiella salsuginea ». This study showed changes in floral stem development, sugar accumulation, and vascular tissue anatomy in response to salt stress, depending on the level of tolerance of the ecotype. We have also shown that some of these modifications are related to adaptive processes to salt stress. These results suggest that the regulation of growth of the inflorescence and the adjustment of the anatomy of vascular tissues contribute to salt stress tolerance. Secondly, we studied changes of sugar transport and metabolism in Columbia accession of Arabidopsis thaliana in relation to changes in the anatomy of the vascular tissue and the composition of the secondary wall in xylem. The results show an accumulation of sugars associated with a deregulation of genes that encode for the sugar transport and metabolism. Changes in vascular tissue anatomy and in the composition of secondary wall in xylem vessels have also been observed. These results suggest a regulation of the distribution of sugars in the stem in response to salt stress that may contribute to stress tolerance. All of this work makes it possible to propose a model of the regulations acting on the homeostasis and the transport of sugars in response to salt stress in the floral stem, even if our results do not allow concluding if these processes are favorable to the production seeds and intervene in adaptation or acclimation to salt stress
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Kögler, Felix [Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Schulze-Makuch, Hakan [Akademischer Betreuer] Alkan, Nicole [Akademischer Betreuer] Dopffel, Foppe [Akademischer Betreuer] Visser, Dirk [Gutachter] Schulze-Makuch, Thomas [Gutachter] Neumann, and Mohd [Gutachter] Amro. "Opportunities and challenges for in situ, fermentation-based microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) in a high-salinity oilfield / Felix Kögler ; Gutachter: Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Thomas Neumann, Mohd Amro ; Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Hakan Alkan, Nicole Dopffel, Foppe Visser." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121816008X/34.
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Bowling, Laura C. "Estimating the freshwater budget of high-latitude land areas /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10122.
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Guedes, Lívia Ferreira de Melo. "Separação em fase sólida para a determinação de ânions por cromatografia de íons em amostras salinas, ambientais e da indústria do petróleo." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3433.
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Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências- Geoquímica Ambiental. Niterói, RJ
A análise de efluentes hipersalinos ainda é um problema analítico a ser resolvido. Atualmente, tem ocorrido um grande aumento da demanda para caracterização de águas de alta salinidade, tendo em vista que esta é um dos maiores descartes da indústria de petróleo. Devido a isto, técnicas analíticas para sua caracterização têm sido desenvolvidas amplamente e entre elas temos a cromatografia de íons, onde diferentes tipos de ânions são quantificados. Contudo, para que seja possível o uso desta técnica, é imprescindível que haja a retirada do cloreto dessas matrizes hipersalinas. Essa separação prévia pode ser realizada através do emprego de cartuchos comercializados, porém de custo elevado. Sendo assim, têm sido desenvolvidos estudos com trocadores iônicos onde são utilizados no tratamento de diferentes tipos de matriz de amostra. Para o tratamento de matrizes salinas, estudos com trocadores catiônicos tratados com prata, como Amberlite IR 120 e Dowex W50, foram realizados mostrando-se eficientes na remoção do íon cloreto. Amostras de diferentes salinidades foram eluídas através de mini colunas preenchidas com estas resinas tratadas com prata. Entretanto, o seu uso leva à coluna íons de prata que também são retirados de forma eficaz do meio, através de mini colunas preenchidas com resinas na forma de hidrogênio, de modo que a coluna analítica não seja afetada. Análises comparativas com cartuchos comerciais de retenção de cloreto e prata foram realizadas, comprovando a eficiência do método. Testes para a retenção dos analitos foram realizados e mostraram que a primeira alíquota de 0,5 mL retém boa parte dos ânions de trabalho tanto nas resinas de estudo quanto nos cartuchos comerciais
ABSTRACT The analysis of hypersaline wastewater is still an analytical problem to be solved. Currently, there has been an increased demand for characterization of high salinity water, considering that this is one of the largest discharges of oil industry. Because of this, analytical methods for their characterization have been developed extensively, and among them we have the ion chromatography, where different types of anions are quantified. However, it is possible to use this technique, it is crucial that the withdrawal of these matrices hypersaline chloride. This separation can be accomplished in advance through the use of cartridges sold, however costly. Thus, studies have been developed with ion exchangers which are used to treat different types of sample matrix. For the treatment of salt matrices studies with cationic exchangers treated with silver, such as Amberlite IR 120 and Dowex W50 were performed showing to be efficient in the removal of chloride ion. Samples of different salinities were eluted through mini columns filled with these resins treated with silver. However, its use leads to a column of silver ions that are also effectively removed the medium, using mini columns filled with resins in the form of hydrogen, so that the analytical column is not affected. Comparisons with commercial cartridges retention of chloride and silver were performed, proving the efficiency of the method. Tests for retention of the analytes were performed and showed that the first rate of L retains much of the work of anions in both resins in the study as 0.5 μL commercial cartridges
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Przydrozna, Aleksandra Anna. "Filling flows induced by a convector in a room." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277224.
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Over the last two centuries, there has been a continual evolution of how occupied rooms are heated, with inventors competing to design new heating devices. In particular, there is a wide range of convector types, which vary in shape, size, design, material, operating medium and application. With approximately 190 million convectors installed in the UK alone, the question arises regarding the dependencies on the efficiency of heat distribution through convector-induced filling flows. A standard approach to evaluate convector performance is based on the convector strength only, the implication being the stronger the convector the better the performance. This work has gone beyond the limits of a stereotypical assessment in pursuit of answers regarding the physics of convector-induced filling and a new objective method to evaluate the efficiency of this transient process. The ultimate goal has been to provide a deep understanding of filling and stratification induced by a convector, in order to heat rooms rapidly and effectively. An experimental facility has been designed that approximates dynamic similarity between the experimental set-up and a real-life room with a convector. In the experiments, a rectangular sectioned water tank represents a room and a saline source rectangular sectioned panel with sintered side walls provides a convector representation. Experiments have been performed in water with a saline solution to ensure high Rayleigh numbers. Diagnostic techniques involve a combination of a shadowgraph method, a dye-attenuation method, direct salinity measurements and a new application of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Interesting insight into convector-induced buoyancy-driven flows has been gained. As a result, new guidelines aimed at heating rooms more rapidly and effectively have been proposed. The key outcome that can be immediately applied is that, for a given convector strength, heat distribution with height can be improved by adjusting the convector position. For instance, faster filling leading to more uniform heat distribution occurs in rooms with convectors detached from side walls, due to large-scale mixing flows in the early period of filling. Also shorter convectors relative to the room height, positioned close to the floor level, promote faster and more uniform filling. An attempt to describe the transient filling has been made and to do so statistical methods, application specific, have been developed. As a result, the empirical equations describing both the filling rates in different stages of filling and the development of stratification have been derived, which rank the governing parameters, based on their importance, as either dominant or subordinate. Two dominant parameters governing filling flows are the non-dimensional accumulation parameter B and the Rayleigh number ΔRa, which are related to the convector strength. The impact of these two parameters is constant throughout the process. The parameters accounting for the system geometry and filling time (T) are subordinate parameters. Their impact, visible in the early period, decreases as filling continues.
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Sharma, Gaurav M. S. in Engineering. "Wettability alteration in high temperature and high salinity carbonate reservoirs." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4362.
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The goal of this work is to change the wettability of a carbonate rock from oil wet-mixed-wet towards water-wet at high temperature and high salinity. Only simple surfactant systems (single surfactant, dual surfactants) in dilute concentration were tried for this purpose. It was thought that the change in wettability would help to recover more oil during secondary surfactant flood as compared to regular waterflood. Three types of surfactants, anionic, non-ionic and cationic surfactants in dilute concentrations (<0.2 wt%) were used. Initial surfactant screening was done on the basis of aqueous stability at these harsh conditions. Contact angle experiments on aged calcite plates were done to narrow down the list of surfactants and spontaneous imbibition experiments were conducted on field cores for promising surfactants. Secondary waterflooding was conducted in cores with and without the wettability altering surfactants.
It was observed that barring a few surfactants, most were aqueous unstable by themselves at these harsh conditions. Dual surfactant systems, a mixture of a non-ionic and a cationic surfactant increased the aqueous stability of the non-ionic surfactants. One of the dual surfactant system, a mixture of Tergitol NP-10 and Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, proved very effective for wettability alteration and could recover 70-80% of OOIP during spontaneous imbibition. Secondary waterflooding with the wettability altering surfactant (without alkali or polymer) increased the oil recovery over the waterflooding without the surfactants (from 29% to 40% OOIP). Surfactant adsorption calculated during the coreflood showed an adsorption of 0.24 mg NP-10/gm of rock and 0.20 mg DTAB/gm of rock. A waterflood done after the surfactant flood revealed change in the relative permeability before and after the surfactant flood suggesting change in wettability towards water-wet.text
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Bataweel, Mohammed Abdullah. "Enhanced Oil Recovery in High Salinity High Temperature Reservoir by Chemical Flooding." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10300.
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Studying chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in a high-temperature/high-salinity (HT/HS) reservoir will help expand the application of chemical EOR to more challenging environments. Until recently, chemical EOR was not recommended at reservoirs that contain high concentrations of divalent cations without the need to recondition the reservoir by flooding it with less saline/ less hardness brines. This strategy was found ineffective in preparing the reservoir for chemical flooding. Surfactants used for chemical flooding operating in high temperatures tend to precipitate when exposed to high concentrations of divalent cations and will partition to the oil phase at high salinities. In this study amphoteric surfactant was used to replace the traditionally used anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactants show higher multivalent cations tolerance with better thermal stability. A modified amphoteric surfactant with lower adsorption properties was evaluated for oil recovery. Organic alkali was used to eliminate the water softening process when preparing the chemical solution and reduce potential scale problems caused by precipitation due to incompatibility between chemical slug containing alkali and formation brine.
Using organic alkali helped in minimizing softening required when preparing an alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) solution using seawater. Solution prepared with organic alkali showed the least injectivity decline when compared to traditional alkalis (NaOH and Na2CO3) and sodium metaborate. Adding organic alkali helped further reduce IFT values when added to surfactant solution.
Amphoteric surfactant was found to produce low IFT values at low concentrations and can operate at high salinity / high hardness conditions. When mixed with polymer it improved the viscosity of the surfactant-polymer (SP) solution when prepared in high salinity mixing water (6% NaCl). When prepared in seawater and tested in reservoir temperature (95°C) no reduction in viscosity was found. Unlike the anionic surfactant that causes reduction in viscosity of the SP solution at reservoir temperature. This will not require increasing the polymer concentration in the chemical slug. Unlike the case when anionic surfactant was used and more polymer need to be added to compensate the reduction in viscosity.
Berea sandstone cores show lower recovery compared to dolomite cores. It was also found that Berea cores were more sensitive to polymer concentration and type and injectivity decline can be a serious issue during chemical and polymer injection. Dolomite did not show injectivity decline during chemical and polymer flooding and was not sensitive to the polymer concentration when a polymer with low molecular weight was used.
CT scan was employed to study the displacement of oil during ASP, SP, polymer and surfactant flooding. The formation and propagation oil bank was observed during these core flood experiments. ASP and SP flooding showed the highest recovery, and formation and propagation of oil bank was clearer in these experiments compared to surfactant flooding. It was found that in Berea sandstone with a permeability range of 50 to 80 md that the recovery and fluid flow was through some dominating and some smaller channels. This explained the deviation from piston-like displacement, where a sharp change in saturation in part of the flood related to the dominated channels and tapered front with late arrival when oil is recovered from the smaller channels. It was concluded that the recovery in the case of sandstone was dominated by the fluid flow and chemical propagation in the porous media not by the effectiveness of the chemical slug to lower the IFT between the displacing fluid and oil.
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Tseng, Wan-chi, and 曾莞淇. "Electrocatalytic Degradation of Total Organic Carbon in High Salinity Wastewater." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44798744771138932238.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
98
A large volume of spent neutralization solution was generated from waste etching liquor by electronic industry. The pH of spent neutralization solution is high. The waste liquor could be further neutralized, but its high salt content is a big problem. If the waste liquor discharged into river, it could cause soil salinization and alkalization. It also contents high TOC (total organic carbon 200~4000 mg/L) carried from the photoresister developing process in the printed circuit board Manufacturer. In this research project TOC will be degraded by advanced oxidation processes (UV/H2O2、UV/O3、electrocatalysis). Consequently, the waste liquor acts as a raw material for the synthesis of sodium chlorate by an electrochemical process. This project focuses on the operation parameters of the above process. The results showed UV/H2O2 process can’t be adopted for treatment of spent neutralization solutions come from different batchs, and TOC remove ratios are not stable(some batches are 70~85%，other batches are 10~25%). UV/O3 process resulted in the solution bubbling and was unable to operate. Electrocatalysis process achieved stable remove ratios for spent solutions come from different batchs. Following electrocatalysis, electrosynthesis of sodium chlorate in the same tank is available. In the first 8 hours TOC remove ratios were about 85~90%, and in the following 8 hours the concentration of synthesized sodium chlorate achieved 44 g/L. This project develops a cleaner electrochemical production technology to treat high TOC and high salt content waste liquid and produce sodium chlorate.
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Io-MengFok and 霍耀明. "Treatment of High Salinity RO Concentrated Wastewater Using Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g2ntjw.
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Fan, Jia-Hong, and 范嘉紘. "Study on production of polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB) from high salinity glycerol wastewater." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dqu9mc.
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Kuo, Chun Hung, and 郭俊宏. "Water reclaimed from high salinity wastewater using electrodialysis/reverse osmosis hybrid system." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17969295817819327338.
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碩士長庚大學
化工與材料工程研究所
97
Water resources have become limited in the developing and developed countries. As the capacities of industries are expanding, the wastewater treatment and recycle are important issues to save the valuable water resource. Obviously this topic is one of the top priorities of green technology and sustainability in our society. The objective of this study is to establish protocol for treatment of wastewater containing NaCl concentration from 1% to 5%. These are commonly found in chemical plants and biotechnology industry. This project aims at the development of core separation and recovery technologies, and economic analyses. The core recovery process units are electrodialysis and reverse osmosis. The experimental results will be compared with modeling results and the process optimization will be performed according to various feed water compositions. In the electrodialysis of 5% NaCl solution, the rejection could achieve 99.3% at 20 V and the recovery was about 70%. The energy consumption was 56.60 kWh/m3 during this operation for 3 hours. The reverse osmosis was used to treat 1% NaCl solution and a rejection of 96.6% was obtained in 1 hour at a pressure of 20 kg/cm2. The recovery was 3.5% and the energy requirement was 2.2 kWh/m3. The combination of the electrodialysis and reverse osmosis processes provides an efficient and economic technology to recover water from high salinity wastewater.
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Shieh, Shyanshu, and 謝賢書. "Functional analysis of atSKD1 gene in Arabidopsis under high salinity by gene silencing." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31525926745330151697.
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碩士國立中興大學
生命科學系
93
When plants are under salt stress, water potential in soil decreased resulting water loss from cell, decrease in tugor pressure, and growth retardation. A salt-induced gene, mcSKD1(suppressor of K+ growth defect), isolated from halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. has been demonstrated in facilitation of K+ uptake under high saline environment. In yeast, SKD1 homolog has been shown to participate in the last step of endosomal protein sorting process. A gene atSKD1 found in Arabidopsis database has high identity to mcSKD1 gene. By yeast complementation, atSKD1 gene showed similar ability to mcSKD1 in suppressing potassium uptake defective phenotype of yeast mutant. By transforming antisense atSKD1 gene to Arabidopsis, both transcript and protein levels of atSKD1 were decreased. The antisense mutant was more sensitive to salt as shown by the decrease in root length under salt stress. The result suggest that SKD1 is involved in the maintenance of ion homeostasis under high saline environment.
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Chen, Yong-Jhih, and 陳泳志. "Study on the improvement of treatment efficiency for high-salinity and acrylonitrile petrochemical wastewaters." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15039960756846556784.
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碩士國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
101
Degree of biodegradation of organic pollutants in some petrochemical wastewaters can possibly be affected by several factors such as high organic concentrations, refractory chemical and salinity in raw wastewaters. Reaction temperature and pH are two possible affecting factors during treatment. This study focused on the improvement of effluent qualities of a wastewater treatment plant for treating raw wastewaters originated from a naphtha-cracking plant, a VCM (vinyl chloride monomer) plant, and an acrylonitrile (AN) plant. The combined wastewater has a design flow rate of 20,000 m3/day (CMD) and a COD (chemical oxygen demand) of 1,200 mg/L. The wastewater was treated first by two biotrickling filters (BF) in parallel followed by two activated sludge (AS) ponds in parallel. COD values in the effluent from the BF and the AS were around 900 and 200 mg/L, respectively. The BFs emitted odorous foul gas containing ammonia, mercaptans, hydrogen sulfide, and various volatile organic compounds (VOC) which polluted the nearby and downstream ambient air. This study focused on the feasibility test by bypassing the BFs and treating the wastewater by connecting the two AS ponds in series for the purposes of eliminating four gas emission from the BFs and upgrading the effluent COD removal. A pilot test shows that by the approach, effluent COD could decrease from 164 to 138 mg/L. By supplementing 1 mL/L milk to the high-salinity wastewater and keeping pH of the treating wastewater at 7.5, COD removal could be over 60%. By lowering the treating wastewater to 25±1oC, COD removal could achieve to over 80%. Results from AN wastewater treatment indicate that by diluting the wastewater to an influent COD of around 600 mg/L, 60% COD of the wastewater could be removed. However, no COD could be removed with an influent COD of over 1,000 mg/L because of the toxicity of the ingredient compounds to the microorganisms in the AS system.
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Ho, Chih-Wei, and 侯志偉. "Detection of mercury(II) in high salinity solution by Rhodamine 6G modified gold nanoparticles." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zjys27.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
應用化學系研究所
97
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) modified with Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) was developed to determine Hg(II) in high salinity sample. Adsorption of R6G onto Au NPs surface results in fluorescence quenching due to fluorescence resonance energy transfer and electron transfer. In the presence of metal ions such as Hg(II), R6G molecules are released from the Au NP surface and restore the fluorescence of R6G. The modulation of the fluorescence quenching efficiency of R6G-AuNPs in the presence of 10 μM Hg(II) ions can achieve a large turn-on fluorescence enhancement (800-fold). Under the optimum conditions, 90 nM R6G, 1 nM Au NPs, 1250 nM 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and 5 mM sodium phosphate (pH = 5.0), the R6G/MPA-Au NPs sensor shows good sensitivity and selectivity for Hg(II) over other metal ions. The plot of fluorescence intensity versus the concentration of Hg(II) is linear over the range of 10 to 250 nM (R2 = 0.98) and the limit of detection can be as low as 10 nM. Further modification of R6G/MPA-Au NPs with BSA (bovine serum albumin) obtains BSA@R6G/MPA-Au NPs , which don’t aggregate even under 1 M NaCl. Apply BSA@R6G/MPA- Au NPs to the determination of Hg(II) in spiked half-diluted seawater, the calibration curve shows good linearity (R2 = 0.95) over the range 10-250 nM. The LOD for Hg(II) in this matrix is 10 nM. The feasibility of BSA@R6G/MPA-Au NPs for the determination of Hg(II) in seawater was also demonstrated. The developed Hg(II) sensors have the advantages of low cost, easy to use, no need of fluorescence derivation, good sensitivity and good selectivity.
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陳志強. "study on the transport of cesium in crushed granite subject to high-salinity artificial groundwater." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03075178150259085405.
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Liu, Ming-Huan, and 劉銘桓. "A study on membrane distillation for treating membrane bioreactor effluent and high-salinity dye liquid." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6egnd9.
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碩士中原大學
化學工程研究所
106
In recent years, the demand for water resources increases due to rapid population growth and the unstable rain season caused by climate change. Water scarcity is becoming an important issue in all countries of the world. Taiwan is one of the countries with water shortages. In order to solve the problem of water shortage, membrane technology can be used to treat the seawater, domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater etc. to produce reclaimed water for making up the water shortage. One of the membrane technology for desalination is membrane distillation which can use waste heat as a heat source to reduce the energy consumption for water production, and can also produce high-purity reclaimed water for high-tech process applications. In this study, experiments of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with tubular PVDF modules were carried out using three type of feeds, one is membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluent from Taoyuan North district reclaimed water center and the other two are industrially high-salinity dye waste liquid and synthetic SWRO brine. Experimental results with membrane bioreactor effluent show the flux increases from 9.69 to 14.04 kg/m2hr when the feed temperature increases from 60 to 70 oC. The measurements of permeate conductivity and chloride ion concentration indicate that the ions in feed are almost completely rejected. A 24 hrs batch-concentration operation shows that the flux decreases from 9.50 to 7.42 kg/m2 hr due to the fouling and scaling deposits on the membrane surface. In the study, four types of solutions such as NaOH ( 1 wt% ), Citric Acid ( 1 wt%), NaOCl ( 0.1 wt% ) and Deionizer water were used for crossflow over the fouled membrane to test the cleaning performance. The results show that the flushing of the fouled membrane by these solutions all can restore the flux to near the initial flux of virgin membrane. Results from the high-salinity dye waste liquid show the flux increases from 4.96 to 8.08 kg/m2hr when its feed temperature increases from 50 to 60 oC and the chloride rejection measured is 99.99%. A flux decline from 8.12 to 5.25 kg/m2hr was observed after 12 hrs batch-concentration experiment with feed temperature maintained at 60 oC. Due to the strong absorption of dye on membrane surface, the flushing of fouled membrane by the four solutions mentioned above can only gives 65~80 % flux recovery compared to the virgin membrane. Among the four solutions, the citric acid solution exhibit a lower efficiency in flux recovery for cleaning this fouled membrane.
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Ho, Mei-Hsuan, and 何美萱. "Overexpression of a Plant Ferredoxin-like Protein in Transgenic Rice Improves Tolerance against High Salinity." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44939974979881002341.
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碩士國立高雄大學
生物科技研究所
100
High salinity stress is the main factor of reducing crops productivity. Plants possess a number of strategies against this damage including ROS generation, induction of stress-related genes expression, accumulation of ABA and proline and up-regulation of antiporters. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only the by-product of metabolism but also involving signal transduction pathway. Previous studies have been reported that continuously expression of PFLP in transgenic plants encourages the generation of ROS and participates in pathogen-resistant mechanism and root-hair development. However, the function of PFLP in plants response to abiotic stress is unclear. In order to investigate the role of PFLP under high salinity stress, pflp-transgenic rice have been generated and studied. In this report, we demonstrated that pflp-transgenic plants exhibit higher salt tolerance compared with TNG67 rice. Earlier ROS production, higher activities of antioxidant enzyme, more ABA accumulation and up-regulated expression in stress-related genes including OsRBOHa, Cu/Zn SOD, OsAPX, OsNCED, OsSOS, OsCIPK24 and OsNHX2 were found in pflp-transgenic plants under high salinity condition. Additionally, the Na+ content of leaf tissues in pflp-transgenic rice were lower than that of TNG67. Here, we demonstrate overexpression of pflp in transgenic rice improves tolerance against high salinity.
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Wang, Chuan-Ru, and 王傳儒. "Studies on High Salinity Affecting Biofilm Formation and Expression of pel Operon Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10697960143327529980.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔英科技大學
醫學檢驗生物技術系碩士班
102
Pseudomonas aeruginosa are Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens and can be found in the environments including soil, freshwater, and seawater. Multiple antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation are major problems in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces extracellular polysaccharides for biofilm development including alginate, Pel, and Psl. Pel play an important role in pellicle formation at the air-liquid interface and providing a structural scaffold for biofilm formation at early stages. The genes associated with Pel formation are pel operon including pelA-G. Since the high salt environment would inhibit the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the effect on extracellular polysaccharide in biofilm matrix is unclear, this study investigated the effects of salinity on bacterial growth, biofilm formation, pellicle formation, and mRNA expression of relevant genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The obtained results were analyzed. First, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa grew well in medium either with or without supplemented NaCl. However, the growth curve showed a log-phase-delay in medium with supplemented NaCl. Second, the results of the biofilm formation indicated that the decreases of biofilm were proportional to the concentrations of supplemented NaCl including 17% in 300 mM NaCl, 40% in 500 mM NaCl, and 54% in 700 mM NaCl, respectively. Third, the results of the pellicle formation showed that the thickness in pellicle were decreased by the supplemented with NaCl including 18% in 300mM NaCl, 50% in 500mM NaCl, and 56% in 700mM NaCl, respectively. Fourth, the mRNA expression of pel operon was measured and the results showed that the low mRNA expression of pel operon in medium with supplemented NaCl. In conclusion, this study revealed that the supplemented NaCl in medium may cause the physiological changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa including gene expression of pel operon, and biofilm formation.
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Hung, Ling Yung, and 洪鈴詠. "Correlation between physico-chemical properties of RO composite membranes and separation performance on high salinity water." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74670441339465106916.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長庚大學
化工與材料工程學系
98
The global water resources have been diminishing reduce, the industrial sewage wastewater is retreated utilized again. This issue has attracted much in the past decades, especially in the area suffering from water shortage. Therefore many countries are developing water conservation and recycle protocols. The objective of this work was to investigate the salt removal efficiency from high salinity wastewater using reverse osmosis (RO) process in order to permeate water recover. Two commercial composite membranes were characterized by using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry ( ATR-FTIR)、x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)、field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Variable mono-energy slow positron beam (VMSPB) of annihilation radiation. The ATR-FTIR spectra revealed characteristic amideⅠ、amideⅡ and aromatic(amide) peaks. Un-crosslinked -COOH functional groups were observed in addition to the reacted -CONH groups. XPS spectra indicated that AK membrane had higher O/N ratio and contained more groups. Scanning election micrograms showed that thickness was higher than AG membrane. This high membrane resistance also produced less permeate flux. The higher R parameter was obtained for the AK membrane using the Doppler-broadened Energy Spectrum (DBES) spectrogram. This is associated with bigger hole. Then a spiral-wound module using AG membrane was investigated on salt removal efficiency from high salinity wastewater. The permeate flux increased from 1.0×10-5 to 3.1×10-5 m3 m-2 s-1 at a pressure increase from 980 to 1960 kPa on 1% NaCl feed solution. The salt rejection was increased from 93 to 97% under the same operating condition. The salt concentration was reduced to 350-700 ppm from 1-2% NaCl solutions at an operating pressure of 1960 kPa. The water recovery was increased with insignificant change in salt rejection at an elevated temperature. The water and the salt the mass transfer models were also established in terms of the feed salinity, the operating pressure and the temperature. Water transported through the RO membrane under the pressure gradient as the driving force. Salt diffused through the membrane according to a solution-diffusion mechanism. Overall the RO is an effective process to purify wastewater containing high salt concentration.
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Yu, Jie Ting, and 游絜婷. "Desalination of high salinity wastewater using electrodialysis: Membrane characterization after prolong use and water transport phenomena." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79210020567929459584.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長庚大學
化工與材料工程學系
98
The objective of this study is to establish desalination efficiency using high salinity water (2-6 %) and wastewater using electrodialysis (ED). The NaCl concentration, current density, temperature, flow rate and operating time effects on current efficiency, power consumption, rejection and recovery were studied for model NaCl solutions. The optimal operating conditions were employed for industrial high-salinity wastewater. When the feed concentration was increased from 2 to 6 %, the limiting current density, power consumption and operating time were increased, but product recovery was decreased. The operating time was reduced by half as the applied current was increased from 2A (3.90 mA/cm2) to 4A (7.81 mA/cm2), with an increase in power consumption. The recovery, however, did not show significant difference between 2A (3.90 mA/cm2) and 4A (7.81 mA/cm2). As the temperature was increased from 30 °C to 65 °C, the power consumption and operating time were decreased. The energy consumption and current efficiency did not show significant differences with various flow rates as long as the flow was current efficiency did not exhibit significant impacts with respect to the salt concentration, current, temperature and flow rate change. In the electrodialysis of 6 % NaCl solution, the rejection could achieive 99.95 % with 60 % recovery at 4 A (7.81 mA/cm2). The power consumption was 46.04 kWh/m3 and average current efficiency was 47.09 % during operation for 11 hours when processing the industrial wastewater containing 5.87 % NaCl at the same current. The rejection could achieve 99.98 % with 52.63 % recovery. The power consumption was 131.18 kWh/m3 and average current efficiency was 20.08 % during the 13-hours operation. For industrial wastewater, the power consumption and operating time were higher than that for the model NaCl solution. Besides, the current efficiency and recovery were lower than those for the model NaCl solution. The recovery in the ED process was investigated and the water transports across the membranes due to ion hydration and osmotic pressure were determined. Water transport with hydrated ions was mainly affected by the salt reduction level. In a 6 % feed water 10-L, up to 1.9 L of water was transported due to ion hydration and 1.3 L due to osmotic pressure when operated with 4 A ( 7.81mA/cm2 current density) to reach 99.95 % salt reduction. In treating industrial wastewater, water loss due to ion hydration was assumed to be the same as the model NaCl solution at the same salt removal level. The water loss due to osmotic pressure was higher than that from the model NaCl solution. It could be as high as 2.55 L from 10-L feed. The water quality was evaluated before and after the ED process was evaluated. The concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), total organic compounds (TOC), ionic species (IA), and conductivity were reduced by 99.77 %. The membranes were examined after 90-hours operation. Membrane fouling was observed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and potentiostat. This study provides valuable results on operating conditions, water transport behavior through ion-exchange membranes, water quality of the purified stream and membrane fouling phenomena in the ED process. This information will benefit the development of desalination technology.
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LIN, CHING-JIE, and 林清傑. "Effect of high electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio irrigation water on soil salinity and rice yields." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08170057322177943754.
Full text
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Chen, Hung-Jhen, and 陳鴻震. "Improvement of Purge-and-Trap Ion Chromatography on the Determination of Ammonium Ion in High-Salinity Samples." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19896652996628993534.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
生醫工程與環境科學系
95
Ion chromatography (IC) is widely used for the quantification of ammonium ion at the mg/L level. However, it is extremely difficult to analyze samples of very dissimilar concentration ratios of Na+/NH4+, such as seawater. P&T system utilized the characteristics of ammonium ion under alkaline environment can further convert ammonium to ammonia and prevent from the interference of high concentration of salt. In this study, we improve the stability and efficiency of the P&T system. To better understand the kinetic of ammonia in the P&T system, a theoretical model is developed based on the mass balance and two film theory. System parameters, including the height of liquid in the purging bottle, temperature, N2 flow rate, purge time, concentration of sodium hydroxide were discussed. To increase the system stability by reducing the temperature variation, concentrated NaOH solution was used instead of solid particle of NaOH. The system efficiency was enhanced by increasing the height of purge tube.
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Huang, Wen-Ching, and 黃文靜. "Biodegradation of Phenol in High-Salinity or Strong-Acid Solution by Hybrid Solvent Extraction and Biofilm Techniques." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07082930394071888921.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
化學工程與材料科學學系
95
There are lots of phenolic compounds present in industrial effluents. They will seriously pollute the environments if discharging such effluents without treatment. Thus, the degradation of phenol in high-salinity or strong-acidity solution by pseudomonas putida was thus investigated; however, the optimal conditions for pseudomonas putida are pH 6-8 and lower than 5% slat. Our system thus combines liquid-liquid extraction with hollow fiber membrane bioreactor for the degradation of phenol separated salt and acid from the microorganism. The advantage of this system is to tolerate the toxicity and restrained material to a larger extent in contrast to the traditionally immobilized and freely suspended system. Hopefully, we can treat wastewater with high-salinity or strong-acidity to reach the standard of effluent discharge. From the experimental results, we select PVDF (polyvinylidenefluoride) membrane for thus purpose because of its poor adsorbability. The effect of pH value and added TSP (tetra-sodium diphosphate) on the degradation efficiency was studied in our system. The pH can affect on phenol diffusion, in which pH 3 is the best value. The TSP which is a buffer and dispersant plays an important role, and the best quantity is 1 g/L. After adding TSP, the degradation of 1500 mg/L and 2400 mg/L phenol needs 155 hr and 330 hr, respectively, this is two times faster than its absence. The efficiency of phenol degradation is irrelevant to flow rate, but increases with increasing the concentration of salt. Our system suits for high-strength phenol higher than 500 mg/L.
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Wang, Ya-Ling, and 王雅玲. "The high salinity-induced changes of protein profile and the identification of related proteins in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59849298016687280802.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
生命科學系
93
Abstract Mesembryanthemum crystallinum exhibits model characters for studying inducing response to salt stress. In this study, we focused on the salt-induced changes of protein profile in roots and leaves of M. crystallinum. The epidermal bladder cells, specialized cells of ice plant, are responsible for the sequestration of large amounts of sodium and chloride ions under high salt condition. The main focus of this thesis is to study the salt-induced changes of protein profile in bladder cells and to identify the major proteins of bladder cells that would help to illustrate the salt-tolerant mechanism of ice plant. Total proteins were extracted from 0 or 3-day 200 mM NaCl treated roots or from 0, 3, or 7-day 200 mM NaCl treated leaves and were analyzed by 2-DE. The accumulation of thirty-three protein spots in roots were changed under salt treatment. Among them, 50% were salinity-induced polypeptides and three novel spots were found. The accumulation of thirty-five protein spots in leaves were change under salt treatment. Among them, 60% were salinity-induced polypeptides and three novel spots were found. These proteins were constitutively accumulated under no stress condition and the amount increased under high salinity condition suggesting proteins involved in maintaining basic cellular functions may also play roles in adaptation to salt. The most prominent salt-induced changes is the switches from C3 to CAM photosynthesis and the changes of leaf protein profiles under salt stress are most likely linked to this metabolic transition. The proteins isolated from bladder cells were analyzed by 2-DE gel. The protein profile change of the bladder cells under high salt condition identified 25 spots. Four spots were significantly increased by salt treatment. The identity of the salinity-induced spots and the major spots in bladder cells were identified by LC-MS/MS and N-terminal sequences. We successfully identified ten abundant proteins from bladder cells protein extracts. The major spots were cysteine proteinase, V-type proton-ATPase subunit E, PR-5 and PR-10. The salinity-induced spots were phosphoglycerate kinase and PR10. The result showed the major protease in vacuole of bladder cells was cysteine proteinase. The accumulation of PR proteins in bladder cells would help to resist pathogens infection. The V-type proton-ATPase established the proton gradient to uptake sodium through the Na+/ H+ antiporter. The changes of intercellular protein under salt stress would mimic the effect of salt stress during the secretion process in intact plants. Two polypeptide in 20 kDa and 23 kDa were showed up in the salt containing buffer. The identity of the salinity-induced bands and the major bands of intercellular proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and N-terminal sequences. The identifications of intercellular protein were fiddlehead-like protein, sodium symporter family protein, chitinase (PR-8), and two PR-5 proteins. The PR-5 proteins were only showed under the extraction buffer containing salt suggesting the PR proteins were quickly released to help defense the pathogens infection when external environment encountered high salinity. This study showed induction of vacuolar H+-ATPase and the glycolytic enzymes under high salinity condition. The results indicate efficient generation of H+ gradient is an important factor for salt tolerance in this halophyte. In addition to maintain ion homeostasis, epidermal bladder cells also act as the first line of defense against pathogens. The accumulation of PR proteins in extracellular space of plants or cells provides an active defense mechanism for pathogens.
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林宗儀. "Further Improvement of Purge-and-Trap Ion Chromatography for the Determination of Ammonium Ion in High-Salinity Samples." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58439183732356414583.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
生醫工程與環境科學系
96
Purge and trap system is often widely applied to the pretreatment of the sample in complicated matrix. With purge and trap system, the ion, NH4+(aq), separated from the concentrated salt solution would be injected to the ion chromatography for analysis. In this study, we improved the efficiency of the purge and trap system and stability. In addition, we developed the theoretical model of the purge and trap system based on the two-film theory. What is more, we utilized this model to obtain the relation between the Henry’s law constant of NH3 and temperature. The parameters which affect the efficiency of the purge and trap system include the concentration of NaOH, the height of liquid of purge vessel, type of gas, flow rate, purge time and the temperature of the system. With the improved pretreatment system, the efficiency could be raised from 65 % to 90 %, and the signal of the blank decreased to lower than 20 ppb which is one-third of the original system. It was convinced of the measurement in low concentration.
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Lin, Ji-Wen, and 林紀妏. "Effect of the artificial floating island with salt tolerant plants on the treatments of wastewater with high salinity." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98768737890643726960.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
海洋環境及工程學系研究所
104
For understanding the effect of the artificial floating island which was placed on the water surface in the saltwater type constructed wetland, on the treatment of wastewater experiment was designed to have some salt tolerant plants cultivated on the artificial floating islands, which was selected for common aquatic plant species including: two emerged plants (Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.and Suaeda nudiflora (Willd.) Moq). Five treatment systems were put in parallel, one was without the plant and floating island (BK), another was placed the floating island without the plant (CK), another was consisted of the populations of S. portulacastrum (L.) L. (100% S.p.), another was consisted of the populations of S. nudiflora (Willd.) Moq (100% S.n.), and the other was consisted of the populations of 50% S. portulacastrum (L.) L. with S. nudiflora (Willd.) Moq. The experiment facilities were simulated to constructed wetland and applied continuous flow with the artificial seawater preparation which was added to some enough levels of nutrient. The goal is to mimic Qifeng Constructed Wetland, for that we to wish place the floating island in the wetland to mitigate the nutrient load. This study showed that the rate of nitrification of the plant-group was increased more significantly than those for non-plant groups, in which these content of nitrogen was found obviously lower (86.1~95%&88~99.4%). Likewise, total nitrogen and nitrate content in the plant-groups still kept reducing. However, when the ammonia nitrogen of the water was increased, the rate of nitrification in the non-plant groups was presented slow down, and as the ammonia nitrogen was raised, the reduced content of nitrogen was become less and less. On the contrary, the plant-group was found having high removal efficiency in these experiment. The data indicated that artificial island with plants could strengthen the rate of nitrification, and assist the constructed wetlands for nitrogen removal. Additionally, the different of hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the constructed wetland systems had an effect on removal efficiency of the floating island. When extending, feedback effect was occurred in the system that could deterioration water quality. But shortening, the nutrient couldn’t be removed from the wastewater. Therefore, for different treatment goal, the constructed wetland is needed to get a suitable HRT, while regularly thinning of plants on the artificial floating island, could be efficient to increase removal efficiency of the nutrient.
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Yu-JenHuang and 黃裕仁. "Inhibitory effects of specific nitrification inhibitors on ammonia oxidizing archaeal community enriched under high and low salinity environments." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82269248652378435495.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
101
Nitrification is a key step in biological nitrogen removal process, and ammonia oxidation had been considered as rate limit step in nitrification process. It was believed that ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were the main group responsible for ammonia oxidation however, several new ammonia-oxidizing organisms belonged to the archaeal domain were found also involving in ammonia oxidation had changed this view. Archaea was thought to have advantages over bacteria in extreme environments, such as harsh temperature, pH, and the existence of toxic chemicals. Therefore, it was considered that ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) may play more important role than ammonia oxidizing bacteria on ammonia oxidation in specific environment. Many chemicals, existing in wastewater treatment process, reported to inhibit ammonia oxidizing bacteria on ammonia oxidation activity. However, there is much less information about those chemicals inhibition effects on ammonia oxidizing archaea. Different responses of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria to inhibitive chemicals would provide alternative choices for wastewater treatment process. Therefore, it is very important to establish the inhibition information of AOA. In this study, two laboratory-scale reactors were operated under high (34‰) and low salinity (2.5‰) respectively, which both contain high level of AOA enrichments were used to evaluate the resistance of AOA to specific nitrification inhibitors by batch tests. Three different types of specific nitrification inhibitors were chosen in this study, including aromatic hydrocarbon, organic sulfur compound and organic nitrogen compound, in order to systematically investigate the impact of ammonia oxidation on AOA. In the batch tests, all of selected specific nitrification inhibitors had different levels of inhibitory effect on AOA enrichments in high and low salinity condition. Benzene and Toluene decreased over 60% of ammonia oxidation activity on AOA during batch tests. The batch tests with phenol were found that AOA in low salinity condition had high resistance to phenol than ammonia oxidizing bacteria. AOA in high and low salinity condition had decreased ammonia oxidation activity under long-time exposure to DMS and ATU. In the batch tests with organic nitrogen compound, the ammonia oxidation activity of AOA significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of EDA and pyridine. The inhibitory effect on AOA in high and low salinity sludge might have more tolerance to specific nitrification inhibitors than nitrifying community.
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Chen, Jyun-Wei, and 陳俊瑋. "Application of ANOVA on the Key Parameters Screening of Electrodialysis Reversal used for High Salinity Wastewater from Petrochemical Industry." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30053265104684023768.
Full textAbstract:
碩士雲林科技大學
環境與安全工程系碩士班
98
This research is middle the simulation sea water of some power plant discharges fume the desulphurization waste water that confirmed for a long time after its water quality material variation and stability compounds the simulation premenstrual processing elimination major part pollutant voluntarily. For example: suspended solid, calcium, magnesium ion. Utilizes the small-scale Electrodialysis Reversal mold factory to carry on the research of the goal pollutant sulfate and chlorine salt extremelythe processing. This research attempt change different voltage, temperature, current capacity, and continuously with the opening circular telegram discussion and desalinization of rate the comparison regarding this high salinity waste water, and coordinate Taguchi Method to design pursue the optimum design and the operating parameter condition. The findings showed that Electrodialysis Reversal operating condition advance deletion not necessity important matter of for the research. In the voltage is excessively low, current capacity too high or low under the situation, all will affect desalinization of efficiency the electricity dialysis; and although the highest desalinization efficiency has 77%, but in 75 minutes time will be unable to achieve leads the kilowatt hour request 500μS/cm below the goal, the water power resident time is excessively long will also create the energy the consumption, therefore this research will delete this kind of condition to save the resources in advance. The Electrodialysis Reversal processes the high salinity waste water, after the field mouth method F examination the operating temperature is situated between 15 - 20℃ has the high significance (5% risks rate), in order for current capacity, electrode opening time, voltage and electrode closing hour. Finally deduces the best operating condition by Taguchi Method for voltage 1V, current capacity 3L/min, the temperature 15℃, the electrode to open 30 minutes, the electrode to close 2 minutes to be possible to result in the best processing effect. After repeated trial three confirmations the result showed that leads the kilowatt hour by 4860μS/cm to process finally equally 510 μS/cm, the elimination rate reaches as high as 90%, demonstrates feasibility of this experimental design.
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Huang, Xue-Yan, and 黃學彥. "Microbial community impact on carbon dioxide and methane flux at high salinity–A Case Study of the Beimen Salt Fields." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5087054%22.&searchmode=basic.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
107
The wetland environment is an important carbon budget for natural environment. Methanogen plays an important role on methanogenesis. Although many studies have described the interaction between methanogens, Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria. But the relationship among microbial flora and methane and carbon dioxide flux in the high salinity environment is uncertainty; Therefor, we used previous Eddy Covariance system (EC) to observe the methane and carbon dioxide flux data of the salt field in the Beimen. Furthermore, the microbial sampling comparison and environmental factors are used to explore the correlation between methane and carbon dioxide fluxes in the salt field wetland and microbial communities. For water quality soil sampling analysis, we selected five place in the small evaporation pond of the experimental site to establish the environmental factors. The results show that the topsoil showed reddish-brown divalent iron oxide deposits and salt crystals. The deep black sludge with strong reduction at 2-7 cm below the topsoil proved that the microbial activity was significant. In the carbon sink function, the sampling period in the Low season is close to the seven lagoons and intertidal zones, and the sampling days in the Peak season are close to the fish farm. The daily carbon sequestration can be fixed at 0.14 and 0.08 g respectively during those operation periods. Finally, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is used to analyze the bacterial phase of each sampling point in Beimen salt field. Moreover, it can estimate relationship among microbial flora, methane and carbon dioxide flux in the environment.
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Alqahtani, Mashael Daghash Saeed. "The role of PQL genes in response to salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and barley." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/660184.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing salinity is a worldwide problem, but the knowledge on how salt enters
the roots of plants remains largely unknown. Non-selective cation channels
(NSCCs) have been suggested to be the major pathway for the entry of sodium
ions (Na+) in several species. The hypothesis tested in this research is that PQ
loop (PQL) proteins could form NSCCs, mediate some of the Na+ influx into the
root and contribute to ion accumulation and the inhibition of growth in saline
conditions. This is based on previous preliminary evidence indicating similarities in
the properties of NSCC currents and currents mediated by PQL proteins, such as
the inhibition of an inward cation current mediated by PQL proteins by high external
calcium and pH acidification. PQL family members belonging to clade one in
Arabidopsis and barley were characterized using a reverse genetics approach,
electrophysiology and high-throughput phenotyping. Expression of AtPQL1a and
HvPQL1 in HEK293 cells increased Na+ and K+ inward currents in whole cell
membranes. However, when GFP-tagged PQL proteins were transiently
overexpressed in tobacco leaf cells, the proteins appeared to localize to
intracellular membrane structures. Based on q-RT-PCR, the levels of mRNA of
AtPQL1a, AtPQL1b and AtPQL1c is higher in salt stressed plants compared to
control plants in the shoot tissue, while the mRNA levels in the root tissue did not
change in response to stress. Salt stress responses of lines with altered
expression of AtPQL1a, AtPQL1b and AtPQL1c were examined using RGB and
chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of plants growing in soil in a controlled
environment chamber. Decreases in the levels of expression of AtPQL1a,
AtPQL1b and AtPQL1c resulted in larger rosettes, when measured seven days
after salt stress imposition. Interestingly, overexpression of AtPQL1a also resulted
in plants having larger rosettes in salt stress conditions. Differences between the
mutants and the wild-type plants were not observed at earlier stages, suggesting
that PQLs might be involved in long-term responses to salt stress. These results
contribute towards a better understanding of the role of PQLs in salinity tolerance
and provide new targets for crop improvement.