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Journal articles on the topic 'High-resolution simulation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Pellegrino, Mattia, Gianfranco Lombardo, Stefano Cagnoni, and Agostino Poggi. "High-Performance Computing and ABMS for High-Resolution COVID-19 Spreading Simulation." Future Internet 14, no. 3 (March 11, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14030083.

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This paper presents an approach for the modeling and the simulation of the spreading of COVID-19 based on agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS). Our goal is not only to support large-scale simulations but also to increase the simulation resolution. Moreover, we do not assume an underlying network of contacts, and the person-to-person contacts responsible for the spreading are modeled as a function of the geographical distance among the individuals. In particular, we defined a commuting mechanism combining radiation-based and gravity-based models and we exploited the commuting properties at different resolution levels (municipalities and provinces). Finally, we exploited the high-performance computing (HPC) facilities to simulate millions of concurrent agents, each mapping the individual’s behavior. To do such simulations, we developed a spreading simulator and validated it through the simulation of the spreading in two of the most populated Italian regions: Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna. Our main achievement consists of the effective modeling of 10 million of concurrent agents, each one mapping an individual behavior with a high-resolution in terms of social contacts, mobility and contribution to the virus spreading. Moreover, we analyzed the forecasting ability of our framework to predict the number of infections being initialized with only a few days of real data. We validated our model with the statistical data coming from the serological analysis conducted in Lombardy, and our model makes a smaller error than other state of the art models with a final root mean squared error equal to 56,009 simulating the entire first pandemic wave in spring 2020. On the other hand, for the Emilia-Romagna region, we simulated the second pandemic wave during autumn 2020, and we reached a final RMSE equal to 10,730.11.

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2

D�qu�, M., and J. Ph Piedelievre. "High resolution climate simulation over Europe." Climate Dynamics 11, no. 6 (August 1, 1995): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050079.

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3

Herrmannsfeldt, W. B., Reinard Becker, Ivor Brodie, Arne Rosengreen, and C. A. Spindt. "High-resolution simulation of field emission." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 298, no. 1-3 (December 1990): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)90595-w.

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4

McCoy, J. M., and P. A. Maksym. "Simulation of high-resolution REM images." Surface Science 298, no. 2-3 (December 1993): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(93)90062-o.

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5

Déqué, M., and J. Ph Piedelievre. "High resolution climate simulation over Europe." Climate Dynamics 11, no. 6 (August 1995): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00215735.

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6

O'Keefe, Michael A. "Advances in image simulation for high-resolution TEM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100136568.

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The original high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image simulation program was written as a tool to confirm interpretation of HRTEM images of niobium oxides. Thorough testing on known structures showed that image simulation could reliably duplicate the imaging process occurring in the HRTEM, and could thus be confidently used to interpret images of unknown structures. Mainstream application of image simulation to routine structure determination by HRTEM was ushered in by the establishment of the wide applicability of the SHRLI (simulated high-resolution lattice image) programs. Structure determination of the mineral takéuchiite by HRTEM and image simulation was the first such determination accepted by the KJCr without x-ray data. Of course, once the reliability of image simulation had been established, it was realized that the technique could be put to work for applications other than structure determination. Early on, simulations were used to explore various HRTEM imaging parameters, including specimen ionicity, validity of the projection approximation, and the resolutionlimiting effects of incident-beam convergence. Since the inception of HRTEM image simulation, its range of uses has continued to expand, and so has the number of programs available; distribution of the SHRLI code spawned improved versions as well as some new programs.

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Lüthi, Samuel, Nikolina Ban, Sven Kotlarski, Christian R. Steger, Tobias Jonas, and Christoph Schär. "Projections of Alpine Snow-Cover in a High-Resolution Climate Simulation." Atmosphere 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10080463.

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The recent development of high-resolution climate models offers a promising approach in improving the simulation of precipitation, clouds and temperature. However, higher grid spacing is also a promising feature to improve the simulation of snow cover. In particular, it provides a refined representation of topography and allows for an explicit simulation of convective precipitation processes. In this study we analyze the snow cover in a set of decade-long high-resolution climate simulation with horizontal grid spacing of 2.2 km over the greater Alpine region. Results are compared against observations and lower resolution models (12 and 50 km), which use parameterized convection. The simulations are integrated using the COSMO (Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling) model. The evaluation of snow water equivalent (SWE) in the simulation of present-day climate, driven by the ERA-Interim reanalysis, against an observational dataset, reveals that the high-resolution simulation clearly outperforms simulations with grid spacing of 12 and 50 km. The latter simulations underestimate the cumulative amount of SWE over Switzerland over the whole annual cycle by 33% (12 km simulation) and 56% (50 km simulation) while the high-resolution simulation shows a spatially and temporally averaged difference of less than 1%. Scenario simulations driven by GCM MPI-ESM-LR (2081–2090 RCP8.5 vs. 1991–2000) reveal a strong decrease of SWE over the Alps, consistent with previous studies. Previous studies had found that the relative decrease becomes gradually smaller with elevation, but this finding was limited to low and intermediate altitudes (as a 12 km simulation resolves the topography up to 2500 m). In the current study we find that the height gradient reverses sign, and relative reductions in snow cover increases above 3000 m asl, where important parts of the cryosphere are present. In addition, the simulations project a transition from permanent to seasonal snow cover at high altitudes, with potentially important impacts to Alpine permafrost. This transition and the more pronounced decline of SWE emphasize the value of the higher grid spacing. Overall, we show that high-resolution climate models offer a promising approach in improving the simulation of snow cover in Alpine terrain.

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Afrizal, Tomi, and Chinnawat Surussavadee. "High-Resolution Climate Simulations in the Tropics with Complex Terrain Employing the CESM/WRF Model." Advances in Meteorology 2018 (December 30, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5707819.

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This study evaluates the high-resolution climate simulation system CESM/WRF composed of the global climate model, Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1, and the mesoscale model, Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF), for simulating high-resolution climatological temperature and precipitation in the tropics with complex terrain where temperature and precipitation are strongly inhomogeneous. The CESM/WRF climatological annual and seasonal precipitation and temperature simulations for years 1980–1999 at 10 km resolution for Sumatra and nearby regions are evaluated using observations and the global climate reanalysis ERA-Interim (ERA). CESM/WRF simulations at 10 km resolution are also compared with the downscaled reanalysis ERA/WRF at 10 km resolution. Results show that while temperature and precipitation patterns of the original CESM are very different from observations, those for CESM/WRF agree well with observations. Resolution and accuracies of simulations are significantly improved by dynamically downscaling CESM using WRF. CESM/WRF can simulate locations of very cold temperature at mountain peaks well. The high-resolution climate simulation system CESM/WRF can provide useful climate simulations at high resolution for Sumatra and nearby regions. CESM/WRF-simulated climatological temperature and precipitation at 10 km resolution agree well with ERA/WRF. This suggests the use of CESM/WRF for climate projections at high resolution for Sumatra and nearby regions.

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9

MA, TianBao, FanJie MA, Ping LI, and Jian LI. "High-resolution numerical simulation of detonation diffraction." SCIENTIA SINICA Technologica 51, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/sst-2020-0484.

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Sommer, Alexander, Ulrich Schwanecke, and Elmar Schoemer. "Interactive High-Resolution Simulation of Granular Material." Journal of WSCG 30, no. 1-2 (2022): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/jwscg.2022.2.

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We introduce a particle-based simulation method for granular material in interactive frame rates. We divide the simulation into two decoupled steps. In the first step, a relatively small number of particles is accurately simulated with a constraint-based method. Here, all collisions and the resulting friction between the particles are taken into account. In the second step, the small number of particles is significantly increased by an efficient sampling algorithm without creating additional artifacts. The method is particularly robust and allows relatively large time steps, which makes it well suited for real-time applications. With our method, up to 500k particles can be computed in interactive frame rates on consumer CPUs without relying on GPU support for massive parallel computing. This makes it well suited for applications where a lot of GPU power is already needed for render tasks.

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11

Ishizuka, Kazuo. "Image simulation in high-resolution electron microscopy." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 63, no. 11 (November 30, 2013): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.63.415.

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12

Kaneda, Y., and T. Ishihara. "High-resolution direct numerical simulation of turbulence." Journal of Turbulence 7 (January 2006): N20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14685240500256099.

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13

Alkorta, Jon. "Limits of simulation based high resolution EBSD." Ultramicroscopy 131 (August 2013): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.03.020.

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14

HONTAÑÓN, E., P. MARTÍNEZ-LOZANO, and J. FERNÁNDEZ DE LA MORA. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A HIGH RESOLUTION NANODMA." Journal of Aerosol Science 35 (July 2004): S761—S762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(19)30132-6.

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15

Kilaas, Roar. "Interactive simulation of high-resolution electron micrographs." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100125336.

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Only a few years ago image simulation of HRTEM images were mostly carried out as low priority jobs on large mainframe computers with images available the next day as overprinted characters on computer paper. Today the same calculation can be carried out on a dedicated workstation in a matter of minutes with output on high resolution video monitors. This improvement in computer hardware has produced a shift from software primarily designed to run as batch jobs to interactive software that allows instant changes to both the atomic model and microscope parameters. In these near “real time” calculations the user interface becomes an important part of the software, since setting up the conditions for the calculation may take longer than the calculation itself.In an attempt to create a truly interactive environment for simulation of HRTEM images, a new set of programs has been written at the National Center for Electron Microscopy (NCEM) at Berkeley.

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16

Hanreich, G., J. Nicolics, and L. Musiejovsky. "High resolution thermal simulation of electronic components." Microelectronics Reliability 40, no. 12 (December 2000): 2069–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2714(00)00019-6.

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17

Saito, H., A. van den Bos, L. Abelmann, and J. C. Lodder. "High-resolution MFM: Simulation of tip sharpening." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 39, no. 5 (September 2003): 3447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2003.816178.

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18

Ma, David L., Danesh K. Tafti, and Richard D. Braatz. "High-Resolution Simulation of Multidimensional Crystal Growth." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 41, no. 25 (December 2002): 6217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie010680u.

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19

Yu, N., C. Barthe, and M. Plu. "Evaluating intense precipitation in high-resolution numerical model over a tropical island: impact of model horizontal resolution." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 2 (February 3, 2014): 999–1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-999-2014.

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Abstract. A test of sensitivity to the model grid spacing for extreme rainfall simulation is carried out for the tropical island of La Réunion, which holds several world records of precipitation. An extreme rain event occurring during the moist season in 2011 is selected to study the numerical model behavior at four horizontal resolutions: 4 km, 2 km, 1 km and 500 m. The assessment based on raingauge network shows that the performance of daily rain simulation increases as reducing the model grid spacing from 4 km to 1 km. The spatial variability of 24 h rainfall is well captured by the simulation at 1 km and 500 m resolution. However, refining the resolution from 1 km to 500 m has little impact on the model performance compared to the 1 km run. Diagnosis analysis and numerical experiment reveal that only the 1 km and 500 m grid spacings are able to simulate a cold pool located near the coastal area of the island. This cold pool triggers the thermal lifting and creates convergence between the prevailing moist flow and offshore land breeze. The observed precipitation, air temperature and wind get good agreements with these simulated features. However, this cold pool is missed in the 4 km and 2 km simulations. Our study highlights the important role of air mixing with microphysical processes at 1 km scale in simulating such intense precipitations.

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20

Rauter, Matthias, and Anselm Köhler. "Constraints on Entrainment and Deposition Models in Avalanche Simulations from High-Resolution Radar Data." Geosciences 10, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10010009.

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Depth-integrated simulations of snow avalanches have become a central part of risk analysis and mitigation. However, the common practice of applying different model parameters to mimic different avalanches is unsatisfying. In here, we analyse this issue in terms of two differently sized avalanches from the full-scale avalanche test-site Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland. We perform depth-integrated simulations with the toolkit OpenFOAM, simulating both events with the same set of model parameters. Simulation results are validated with high-resolution position data from the GEODAR radar. Rather than conducting extensive post-processing to match radar data to the output of the simulations, we generate synthetic flow signatures inside the flow model. The synthetic radar data can be directly compared with the GEODAR measurements. The comparison reveals weaknesses of the model, generally at the tail and specifically by overestimating the runout of the smaller event. Both issues are addressed by explicitly considering deposition processes in the depth-integrated model. The new deposition model significantly improves the simulation of the small avalanche, making it starve in the steep middle part of the slope. Furthermore, the deposition model enables more accurate simulations of deposition patterns and volumes and the simulation of avalanche series that are influenced by previous deposits.

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21

Kalukin, Andrew, Satoshi Endo, Russell Crook, Manoj Mahajan, Robert Fennimore, Alice Cialella, Laurie Gregory, Shinjae Yoo, Wei Xu, and Daniel Cisek. "Image Collection Simulation Using High-Resolution Atmospheric Modeling." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 3214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193214.

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A new method is described for simulating the passive remote sensing image collection of ground targets that includes effects from atmospheric physics and dynamics at fine spatial and temporal scales. The innovation in this research is the process of combining a high-resolution weather model with image collection simulation to attempt to account for heterogeneous and high-resolution atmospheric effects on image products. The atmosphere was modeled on a 3D voxel grid by a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) driven by forcing data constrained by local ground-based and air-based observations. The spatial scale of the atmospheric model (10–100 m) came closer than conventional weather forecast scales (10–100 km) to approaching the scale of typical commercial multispectral imagery (2 m). This approach was demonstrated through a ground truth experiment conducted at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site. In this experiment, calibrated targets (colored spectral tarps) were placed on the ground, and the scene was imaged with WorldView-3 multispectral imagery at a resolution enabling the tarps to be visible in at least 9–12 image pixels. The image collection was simulated with Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) software, using the 3D atmosphere from the LES model to generate a high-resolution cloud mask. The high-resolution atmospheric model-predicted cloud coverage was usually within 23% of the measured cloud cover. The simulated image products were comparable to the WorldView-3 satellite imagery in terms of the variations of cloud distributions and spectral properties of the ground targets in clear-sky regions, suggesting the potential utility of the proposed modeling framework in improving simulation capabilities, as well as testing and improving the operation of image collection processes.

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22

Harris, Lucas M., Shian-Jiann Lin, and ChiaYing Tu. "High-Resolution Climate Simulations Using GFDL HiRAM with a Stretched Global Grid." Journal of Climate 29, no. 11 (May 31, 2016): 4293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0389.1.

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Abstract An analytic Schmidt transformation is used to create locally refined global model grids capable of efficient climate simulation with gridcell widths as small as 10 km in the GFDL High-Resolution Atmosphere Model (HiRAM). This method of grid stretching produces a grid that varies very gradually into the region of enhanced resolution without changing the topology of the model grid and does not require radical changes to the solver. AMIP integrations were carried out with two grids stretched to 10-km minimum gridcell width: one centered over East Asia and the western Pacific warm pool, and the other over the continental United States. Robust improvements to orographic precipitation, the diurnal cycle of warm-season continental precipitation, and tropical cyclone maximum intensity were found in the region of enhanced resolution, compared to 25-km uniform-resolution HiRAM. The variations in grid size were not found to create apparent grid artifacts, and in some measures the global-mean climate improved in the stretched-grid simulations. In the enhanced-resolution regions, the number of tropical cyclones was reduced, but the fraction of storms reaching hurricane intensity increased, compared to a uniform-resolution simulation. This behavior was also found in a stretched-grid perpetual-September aquaplanet simulation with 12-km resolution over a part of the tropics. Furthermore, the stretched-grid aquaplanet simulation was also largely free of grid artifacts except for an artificial Walker-type circulation, and simulated an ITCZ in its unrefined region more resembling that of higher-resolution aquaplanet simulations, implying that the unrefined region may also be improved in stretched-grid simulations. The improvements due to stretching are attributable to improved resolution as these stretched-grid simulations were sparingly tuned.

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23

Drikakis, D., M. Hahn, A. Mosedale, and B. Thornber. "Large eddy simulation using high-resolution and high-order methods." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1899 (July 28, 2009): 2985–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0312.

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Restrictions on computing power make direct numerical simulation too expensive for complex flows; thus, the development of accurate large eddy simulation (LES) methods, which are industrially applicable and efficient, is required. This paper reviews recent findings about the leading order dissipation rate associated with high-resolution methods and improvements to the standard schemes for use in highly turbulent flows. Results from implicit LES are presented for a broad range of flows and numerical schemes, ranging from the second-order monotone upstream-centered schemes for conservation laws to very high-order (up to ninth-order) weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes.

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24

LIU, Xiao, Wei-Ning YI, Yan-li QIAO, and Wen-Yu CUI. "High spatial resolution panchromatic remote sensing image simulation." Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 32, no. 5 (2013): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1010.2013.00468.

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25

Thom, Alasdair, and Karthikeyan Duraisamy. "High-Resolution Simulation of Parallel Blade-Vortex Interactions." AIAA Journal 48, no. 10 (October 2010): 2313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.j050381.

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26

Varekamp, C., and D. H. Hoekman. "High-resolution InSAR image simulation for forest canopies." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 40, no. 7 (July 2002): 1648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2002.801777.

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27

Hahn, David, and Chris Wojtan. "High-resolution brittle fracture simulation with boundary elements." ACM Transactions on Graphics 34, no. 4 (July 27, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2766896.

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28

Eldhuset, K. "High resolution spaceborne INSAR simulation with extended scenes." IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation 152, no. 2 (2005): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-rsn:20045001.

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29

Nicol, David M., and Guanhua Yan. "High-Performance Simulation of Low-Resolution Network Flows." SIMULATION 82, no. 1 (January 2006): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549706066093.

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30

Rogulski, M. M., H. B. Barber, H. H. Barrett, R. L. Shoemaker, and J. M. Woolfenden. "Ultra-high-resolution brain SPECT imaging: simulation results." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 40, no. 4 (August 1993): 1123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.256722.

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31

Nielsen, Michael B., and Robert Bridson. "Guide shapes for high resolution naturalistic liquid simulation." ACM Transactions on Graphics 30, no. 4 (July 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2010324.1964978.

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32

Kurokhtin, Alexei N., and Alexei V. Popov. "Simulation of high-resolution x-ray zone plates." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 19, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.19.000315.

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33

Xiong, Qingang, and Song-Charng Kong. "High-Resolution Particle-Scale Simulation of Biomass Pyrolysis." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 4, no. 10 (September 13, 2016): 5456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01020.

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34

Hetherington, C. J. D. "High-Resolution Image Simulation of a Tilted Crystal." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (August 12, 1990): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100179099.

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Most high resolution images are not directly interpretable but must be compared with simulations based on model atomic structures and appropriate imaging conditions. Typically, the only parameters that are adjusted, in addition to the structure models, are crystal thickness and microscope defocus. Small tilts of the crystal away from the exact zone axis have only rarely been considered. It is shown here that, in the analysis of an image of a silicon twin intersection, the crystal tilt could be accurately estimated and satisfactorily included in the simulations.The micrograph shown in figure 1 was taken as part of an HREM study of indentation-induced hexagonal silicon. In this instance, the intersection of two twins on different habit planes has driven the silicon into hexagonal stacking. However, in order to confirm this observation, and in order to investigate other defects in the region, it has been necessary to simulate the image taking into account the very apparent crystal tilt. The inability to orientate the specimen at the exact [110] zone was influenced by i) the buckling of the specimen caused by strains at twin intersections, ii) the absence of Kikuchi lines or a clearly visible Laue circle in the diffraction pattern of the thin specimen and iii) the avoidance of radiation damage (which had marked effects on images taken a few minutes later following attempts to realign the crystal.) The direction of the crystal tilt was estimated by observing which of the {111} planes remained close to edge-on to the beam and hence strongly imaged. Further refinement of the direction and magnitude of the tilt was done by comparing simulated images to experimental images in a through-focal series. The presence of three different orientations of the silicon lattice aided the unambiguous determination of the tilt. The final estimate of a 0.8° tilt in the 200Å thick specimen gives atomic columns a projected width of about 3Å.

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Mikyška, Jiří, and Abbas Firoozabadi. "Application of high-resolution methods in compositional simulation." Procedia Computer Science 4 (2011): 928–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2011.04.098.

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36

Kleiber, William. "High resolution simulation of nonstationary Gaussian random fields." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 101 (September 2016): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2016.03.005.

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37

Leonard, A., and P. Koumoutsakos. "High resolution vortex simulation of bluff body flows." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 46-47 (August 1993): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(93)90297-2.

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38

You, Sung Hyup, and Jong Hwan Yoon. "High-resolution numerical simulation of the Pacific Ocean." Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 46, no. 1 (February 2010): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13143-010-0010-7.

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39

Yu, EnTao. "High-resolution seasonal snowfall simulation over Northeast China." Chinese Science Bulletin 58, no. 12 (December 3, 2012): 1412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5561-9.

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Yanase, W., H. Niino, and K. Saito. "High-resolution numerical simulation of a polar low." Geophysical Research Letters 29, no. 14 (July 2002): 3–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002gl014736.

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Wang, Cheng, Chi-Wang Shu, Wenhu Han, and Jianguo Ning. "High resolution WENO simulation of 3D detonation waves." Combustion and Flame 160, no. 2 (February 2013): 447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.10.002.

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Klein, Thomas, Günther Heinemann, and Patrick Gross. "Simulation of the katabatic flow near the Greenland ice margin using a high-resolution nonhydrostatic model." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 10, no. 4 (October 15, 2001): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2001/0010-0331.

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Stenerud, Vegard R., Vegard Kippe, Knut-Andreas Lie, and Akhil Datta-Gupta. "Adaptive Multiscale Streamline Simulation and Inversion for High-Resolution Geomodels." SPE Journal 13, no. 01 (March 1, 2008): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/106228-pa.

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Summary A particularly efficient reservoir simulator can be obtained by combining a recent multiscale mixed finite-element flow solver with a streamline method for computing fluid transport. This multiscale-streamline method has shown to be a promising approach for fast flow simulations on high-resolution geologic models with multimillion grid cells. The multiscale method solves the pressure equation on a coarse grid while preserving important fine-scale details in the velocity field. Fine-scale heterogeneity is accounted for through a set of generalized, heterogeneous basis functions that are computed numerically by solving local flow problems. When included in the coarse-grid equations, the basis functions ensure that the global equations are consistent with the local properties of the underlying differential operators. The multiscale method offers a substantial gain in computation speed, without significant loss of accuracy, when basis functions are updated infrequently throughout a dynamic simulation. In this paper, we propose to combine the multiscale-streamline method with a recent "generalized travel-time inversion" method to derive a fast and robust method for history matching high-resolution geocellular models. A key point in the new method is the use of sensitivities that are calculated analytically along streamlines with little computational overhead. The sensitivities are used in the travel-time inversion formulation to give a robust quasilinear method that typically converges in a few iterations and generally avoids much of the time-consuming trial-and-error seen in manual history matching. Moreover, the sensitivities are used to enforce basis functions to be adaptively updated only in areas with relatively large sensitivity to the production response. The sensitivity-based adaptive approach allows us to selectively update only a fraction of the total number of basis functions, which gives substantial savings in computation time for the forward flow simulations. We demonstrate the power and utility of our approach using a simple 2D model and a highly detailed 3D geomodel. The 3D simulation model consists of more than 1,000,000 cells with 69 producing wells. Using our proposed approach, history matching over a period of 7 years is accomplished in less than 20 minutes on an ordinary workstation PC. Introduction It is well known that geomodels derived from static data only—such as geological, seismic, well-log, and core data—often fail to reproduce the production history. Reconciling geomodels to the dynamic response of the reservoir is critical for building reliable reservoir models. In the past few years, there have been significant developments in the area of dynamic data integration through the use of inverse modeling. Streamline methods have shown great promise in this regard (Vasco et al. 1999; Wang and Kovscek 2000; Milliken et al. 2001; He et al. 2002; Al-Harbi et al. 2005; Cheng et al. 2006). Streamline-based methods have the advantages that they are highly efficient "forward" simulators and allow production-response sensitivities to be computed analytically using a single flow simulation (Vasco et al. 1999; He et al. 2002; Al-Harbi et al. 2005; Cheng et al. 2006). Sensitivities describe the change in production responses caused by small perturbations in reservoir properties such as porosity and permeability and are a vital part of many methods for integrating dynamic data. Even though streamline simulators provide fast forward simulation compared with a full finite-difference simulation in 3D, the forward simulation is still the most time-consuming part of the history-matching process. A streamline simulation consists of two steps that are repeated:solution of a 3D pressure equation to compute flow velocities; andsolution of 1D transport equations for evolving fluid compositions along representative sets of streamlines, followed by a mapping back to the underlying pressure grid. The first step is referred to as the "pressure step" and is often the most time-consuming. Consequently, history matching and flow simulation are usually performed on upscaled simulation models, which imposes the need for a subsequent downscaling if the dynamic data are to be integrated in the geomodel. Upscaling and downscaling may result in loss of important fine-scale information.

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Rauscher, Sara A., Todd D. Ringler, William C. Skamarock, and Arthur A. Mirin. "Exploring a Global Multiresolution Modeling Approach Using Aquaplanet Simulations*." Journal of Climate 26, no. 8 (April 15, 2013): 2432–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00154.1.

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Abstract Results from aquaplanet experiments performed using the Model for Prediction across Scales (MPAS) hydrostatic dynamical core implemented within the Department of Energy (DOE)–NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) are presented. MPAS is an unstructured-grid approach to climate system modeling that supports both quasi-uniform and variable-resolution meshing of the sphere based on conforming grids. Using quasi-uniform simulations at resolutions of 30, 60, 120, and 240 km, the authors evaluate the performance of CAM-MPAS via its kinetic energy spectra, general circulation, and precipitation characteristics. By analyzing an additional variable-resolution simulation with grid spacing that varies from 30 km in a spherical, continental-sized equatorial region to 240 km elsewhere, the CAM-MPAS’s potential for use as a regional climate simulation tool is explored. Similar to other quasi-uniform aquaplanet simulations, tropical precipitation increases with resolution, indicating the resolution sensitivity of the physical parameterizations. Comparison with the finite volume (FV) dynamical core suggests a weaker tropical circulation in the CAM-MPAS simulations, which is evident in reduced tropical precipitation and a weaker Hadley circulation. In the variable-resolution simulation, the kinetic energy spectrum within the high-resolution region closely resembles the quasi-uniform 30-km simulation, indicating a robust simulation of the fluid dynamics. As suggested by the quasi-uniform simulations, the CAM4 physics behave differently in the high and low resolution regions. A positive precipitation anomaly occurs on the western edge of the high-resolution region, exciting a Gill-type response; this zonal asymmetry represents the errors incurred in a variable resolution setting. When paired with a multiresolution mesh, the aquaplanet test case offers an exceptional opportunity to examine the response of physical parameterizations to grid resolution.

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Van Nguyen, Hiep, and Yi-Leng Chen. "High-Resolution Initialization and Simulations of Typhoon Morakot (2009)." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 5 (May 2011): 1463–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011mwr3505.1.

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A model self-bogus vortex is constructed by cycle runs using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to provide high-resolution initial conditions for tropical cyclone (TC) simulations. The vortex after 1 h of model simulation is used to construct the vortex structure for the initial conditions for the next cycle run. After about 80 cycle runs, the TC structure is well adapted to the model employed and well adjusted to the given large-scale conditions. Three separate simulations using three different initial conditions including global analysis (CTRL), the bogus package from WRF (WB), and the new initialization package (NT) are performed for Typhoon Morakot (2009). The NT scheme shows advantages in generating realistic vortex features including sea level pressure, winds, a warm core, and correct TC size with the meteorological fields away from the observed TC center consistent with the global analysis. The NT scheme also shows significant improvements in TC simulations including asymmetric structure, track, intensity, strength of low-level winds, radar reflectivity, and rainfall. For other runs, such as WB and CTRL, the unbalanced initial vortex needs to adjust to the changing environment during the first 2–3 days of model simulations, which is likely to have negative impacts on the track, intensity, and rainfall forecasts in most cases. For all three different types of model initializations, the model is capable of simulating heavy orographic precipitation over southern Taiwan. However, with a better track forecast, only the NT run simulates the high-reflectivity band associated with the convergence zone between Morakot’s circulations and the southwest monsoon off the southeast coast. In addition to Morakot’s slow movement and relatively large size, Typhoons Goni and Etau were embedded within a moist monsoon gyre. The combined circulations associated with the monsoon gyre and tropical storms bring in moisture-laden flows toward the western slopes of southern Taiwan.

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Gu, Huanghe, and Xiaoyan Wang. "Performance of the RegCM4.6 for High-Resolution Climate and Extreme Simulations over Tibetan Plateau." Atmosphere 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11101104.

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This paper presents an evaluation of the Regional Climate Model version 4.6.1 (RegCM4) at a high-resolution simulation at 10 km applied over the Tibetan Plateau. This simulation covers the period from 1980 to 2010 and is nested in a RegCM4 simulation at 30-km resolution, which is driven by the main European Centre for Medium-Range Weather and Forecasting reanalysis (ERA-Interim reanalysis) dataset. A new daily observational dataset is employed as reference data to evaluate the temperature and precipitation simulations for the inner model domain and the five largest river basins that originated in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) (i.e., the source region of Yangtze River, Yellow River, Mekong River, Salween River, and Brahmaputra River). In comparison with the low-resolution model run (R30), the cold biases for the area-averaged temperature were reduced from −2.5 to −0.1° C and the wet biases in summer mean precipitation were reduced from 58% to 25% in the high-resolution model run (R10). The substantial warming trends and slight wetting trends were basically reproduced by both RegCM4 simulations. Annual mean precipitation trends from both simulations show a better agreement with the observations than the ERA-Interim, which underestimates the annual mean precipitation trends in most regions, whereas both the RegCM4 and ERA-Interim consistently underestimate the annual mean temperature trends when compared with the observations. In addition, the overall improvement in the modeling trends for annual mean temperature and precipitation in R10 is limited when compared with R30. The extreme precipitation was also captured reasonably in both RegCM4 simulations, and the better performance is detected in the R10 simulation. The findings above show that RegCM4 with a high-resolution of 10 km is capable of reproducing the major regional climate features over the TP, but a great deal of uncertainties still exist, especially in the subregion of the Brahmaputra River basin. Thus, the 10-km resolution simulation in RegCM4 may still not be fine enough to resolve the topoclimates over the complex Himalayan terrain in the Brahmaputra River basin.

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Raptis, I., N. Glezos, E. Valamontes, E. Zervas, and P. Argitis. "Electron beam lithography simulation for high resolution and high-density patterns." Vacuum 62, no. 2-3 (June 2001): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-207x(00)00448-6.

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Silveira, Carlos, Joana Ferreira, Paolo Tuccella, Gabriele Curci, and Ana I. Miranda. "Combined Effect of High-Resolution Land Cover and Grid Resolution on Surface NO2 Concentrations." Climate 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10020019.

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High-resolution air quality simulations are often performed using different nested domains and resolutions. In this study, the variability of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations estimated from two nested domains focused on Portugal (D2 and D3), with 5 and 1 km horizontal grid resolutions, respectively, was investigated by applying the WRF-Chem model for the year 2015. The main goal and innovative aspect of this study is the simulation of a whole year with high resolutions to analyse the spatial variability under the simulation grids in conjunction with detailed land cover (LC) data specifically processed for these high-resolution domains. The model evaluation was focused on Portuguese air quality monitoring stations taking into consideration the station typology. As main results, it should be noted that (i) D3 urban LC categories enhanced pollution hotspots; (ii) generally, modelled NO2 was underestimated, except for rural stations; (iii) differences between D2 and D3 estimates were small; (iv) higher resolution did not impact model performance; and (v) hourly D2 estimates presented an acceptable quality level for policy support. These modelled values are based on a detailed LC classification (100 m horizontal resolution) and coarse spatial resolution (approximately 10 km) emission inventory, the latter suitable for portraying background air pollution problems. Thus, if the goal is to characterise urban/local-scale pollution patterns, the use of high grid resolution could be advantageous, as long as the input data are properly represented.

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Andrys, Julia, Thomas J. Lyons, and Jatin Kala. "Multidecadal Evaluation of WRF Downscaling Capabilities over Western Australia in Simulating Rainfall and Temperature Extremes." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 2 (February 2015): 370–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0212.1.

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AbstractThe authors evaluate a 30-yr (1981–2010) Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) Model regional climate simulation over the southwest of Western Australia (SWWA), a region with a Mediterranean climate, using ERA-Interim boundary conditions. The analysis assesses the spatial and temporal characteristics of climate extremes, using a selection of climate indices, with an emphasis on metrics that are relevant for forestry and agricultural applications. Two nested domains at 10- and 5-km resolution are examined, with the higher-resolution simulation resolving convection explicitly. Simulation results are compared with a high-resolution, gridded observational dataset that provides daily rainfall, minimum temperatures, and maximum temperatures. Results show that, at both resolutions, the model is able to simulate the daily, seasonal, and annual variation of temperature and precipitation well, including extreme events. The higher-resolution domain displayed significant performance gains in simulating dry-season convective precipitation, rainfall around complex terrain, and the spatial distribution of frost conditions. The high-resolution domain was, however, influenced by grid-edge effects in the southwestern margin, which reduced the ability of the domain to represent frontal rainfall along the coastal region. On the basis of these results, the authors feel confident in using the WRF Model for regional climate simulations for the SWWA, including studies that focus on the spatial and temporal representation of climate extremes. This study provides a baseline climatological description at a high resolution that can be used for impact studies and will also provide a benchmark for climate simulations driven by general circulation models.

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Song Bo, 宋波, 崔文煜 Cui Wenyu, 杜丽丽 Du Lili, 周川杰 Zhou Chuanjie, and 易维宁 Yi Weining. "高分辨率卫星海洋背景成像仿真方法." Infrared and Laser Engineering 50, no. 9 (2021): 20200514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla20200514.

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