Academic literature on the topic 'High resolution accurate mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry (MS)'
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Journal articles on the topic "High resolution accurate mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry (MS)":
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Hines, Jolaine M., Irina Bancos, Cristian Bancos, Raman D. Singh, Aditya V. Avula, William F. Young, Stefan K. Grebe, and Ravinder J. Singh. "High-Resolution, Accurate-Mass (HRAM) Mass Spectrometry Urine Steroid Profiling in the Diagnosis of Adrenal Disorders." Clinical Chemistry 63, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 1824–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2017.271106.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Steroid profiling is a promising diagnostic tool with adrenal tumors, Cushing syndrome (CS), and disorders of steroidogenesis. Our objective was to develop a multiple-steroid assay using liquid-chromatography, high-resolution, accurate-mass mass spectrometry (HRAM LC-MS) and to validate the assay in patients with various adrenal disorders. METHODS We collected 24-h urine samples from 114 controls and 71 patients with adrenal diseases. An HRAM LC-MS method was validated for quantitative analysis of 26 steroid metabolites in hydrolyzed urine samples. Differences in steroid excretion between patients were analyzed based on Z-score deviation from control reference intervals. RESULTS Limits of quantification were 20 ng/mL. Dilution linearity ranged from 80% to 120% with means of 93% to 110% for all but 2 analytes. Intraassay and interassay imprecision ranged from 3% to 18% for all but 1 analyte. Control women had lower excretion of androgen and glucocorticoid precursors/metabolites than men (P < 0.001), but no difference in mineralocorticoids was seen (P = 0.06). Androgens decreased with age in both sexes (P < 0.001). Compared with patients with adrenocortical adenoma (ACA), patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) had 11 steroids with increased Z scores, especially tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol (14 vs 0.5, P < 0.001), pregnanetriol (7.5 vs −0.4, P = 0.001), and 5-pregnenetriol (5.4 vs −0.4, P = 0.01). Steroid profiling also demonstrated metabolite abnormalities consistent with enzymatic defects in congenital adrenal hyperplasia and differences in pituitary vs adrenal CS. CONCLUSIONS Our HRAM LC-MS assay successfully quantifies 26 steroids in urine. The statistically significant differences in steroid production of ACC vs ACA, adrenal vs pituitary CS, and in congenital adrenal hyperplasia should allow for improved diagnosis of patients with these diseases.
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Wiesinger, Thomas, Thomas Mechtler, Markus Schwarz, Xiaolei Xie, Regine Grosse, Paulina Nieves Cobos, David Kasper, and Zoltan Lukacs. "Investigating the suitability of high-resolution mass spectrometry for newborn screening: identification of hemoglobinopathies and β-thalassemias in dried blood spots." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 58, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 810–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2019-0832.
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AbstractA fast and reliable method for the determination of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias by high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRAM/MS) is presented. The established method was verified in a prospective clinical study (HRAM/MS vs. high-pressure liquid chromatography [HPLC]) of 5335 de-identified newborn samples from the Hamburg area. The analytical method is based on a dual strategy using intact protein ratios for thalassemias and tryptic digest fragments for the diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. Due to the minimal sample preparation and the use of flow injection, the assay can be considered as a high-throughput screening approach for newborn screening programs (2 min/sample). Using a simple dried blood spot (DBS) extraction (tryptic digest buffer), the following results were obtained: (1) a carrier incidence of 1:100 newborns (35 FAS, nine FAC, eight FAD and two FAE), and (2) no homozygous affected patient was detected. Using the HRAM/MS protocol, an unknown Hb mutation was identified and confirmed by genetic testing. In addition to greater specificity toward rare mutations and β-thalassemia, the low price/sample (1–2€) as well as an automated data processing represent the major benefits of the described HRAM/MS method.
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Lanzon, Borja, Marina Martin-Taboada, Victor Castro-Alves, Rocio Vila-Bedmar, Ignacio González de Pablos, Daniel Duberg, Pilar Gomez, et al. "Lipidomic and Metabolomic Signature of Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Severe Obesity." Metabolites 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11120836.
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Severe obesity is a major risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Early detection and careful monitoring of renal function are critical for the prevention of CKD during obesity, since biopsies are not performed in patients with CKD and diagnosis is dependent on the assessment of clinical parameters. To explore whether distinct lipid and metabolic signatures in obesity may signify early stages of pathogenesis toward CKD, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-high resolution accurate mass-mass spectrometry (GC-HRAM-MS) analyses were performed in the serum and the urine of severely obese patients with and without CKD. Moreover, the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) in lipid and metabolic signature was also studied, through LC-MS and GC-HRAM-MS analyses in the serum and urine of patients with severe obesity and CKD before and after undergoing BS. Regarding patients with severe obesity and CKD compared to severely obese patients without CKD, serum lipidome analysis revealed significant differences in lipid signature. Furthermore, serum metabolomics profile revealed significant changes in specific amino acids, with isoleucine and tyrosine, increased in CKD patients compared with patients without CKD. LC-MS and GC-HRAM-MS analysis in serum of patients with severe obesity and CKD after BS showed downregulation of levels of triglycerides (TGs) and diglycerides (DGs) as well as a decrease in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), lysine, threonine, proline, and serine. In addition, BS removed most of the correlations in CKD patients against biochemical parameters related to kidney dysfunction. Concerning urine analysis, hippuric acid, valine and glutamine were significantly decreased in urine from CKD patients after surgery. Interestingly, bariatric surgery did not restore all the lipid species, some of them decreased, hence drawing attention to them as potential targets for early diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. Results obtained in this study would justify the use of comprehensive mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to measure other lipids aside from conventional lipid profiles and to validate possible early markers of risk of CKD in patients with severe obesity.
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Ramanathan, Lakshmi, and Helen Shen. "LC–TOF–MS methods to quantify siRNAs and major metabolite in plasma, urine and tissues." Bioanalysis 11, no. 21 (November 2019): 1983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2019-0134.
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There are a few different bioanalytical approaches that have been used for the quantification of siRNA in biological matrices, such as S1 nuclease protection ‘cutting ELISA’, fluorescent probe hybridization HPLC, HPLC UV, LC–MS/high-resolution accurate-mass (HRAM) and LC–MS/MS. We have developed and validated plasma assays for several oligonucleotides such as GalNAc-conjugated siRNA, using uHPLC and high-resolution mass spectrometer by TOF detection. Although the molecular weights are in the range of 7000–9000, we were able to meet the same assay acceptance criteria as for the small molecules based on regulatory bioanalytical method validation guidance. The antisense strand and the sense strand can both be monitored. The method was also used in the tissue lysate matrices without a full validation.
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Yao, Jiaxu, Jinrui Zhu, Minjie Zhao, Li Zhou, and Eric Marchioni. "Untargeted Lipidomics Method for the Discrimination of Five Crab Species by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Combined with Chemometrics." Molecules 28, no. 9 (April 22, 2023): 3653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093653.
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In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution accurate mass-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRAM/MS) was applied to characterize the lipid profiles of five crab species. A total of 203 lipid molecular species in muscle tissue and 176 in edible viscera were quantified. The results indicate that Cancer pagurus contained high levels of lipids with a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapntemacnioc acid (EPA) structure in the muscle tissue and edible viscera. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that PE 16:0/22:6, PE P-18:0/20:5, PA 16:0/22:6 and PC 16:0/16:1 could be used as potential biomarkers to discriminate the five kinds of crabs. In addition, some lipids, such as PE 18:0/20:5, PC 16:0/16:1, PE P-18:0/22:6 and SM 12:1;2O/20:0, could be used as characteristic molecules to distinguish between Cancer magister and Cancer pagurus, which are similar in appearance. This study provides a new perspective on discriminating crab species from MS-based lipidomics.
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Byrdwell, William C., and Hari Kiran Kotapati. "Multi-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography of Pulse Triacylglycerols with Triple Parallel Mass Spectrometry." Separations 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2023): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10120594.
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We analyzed ten pulses (the dried seeds of legumes), i.e., baby lima beans, black beans, black-eyed peas, butter beans, cranberry beans, garbanzo beans, green split peas, lentils, navy beans, and pinto beans, using three-dimensional liquid chromatography (3D-LC) with parallel second dimensions, LC × (LC + LC). We combined non-aqueous reversed-phase (NARP) chromatography as the first dimension separation, 1D, with argentation UHPLC for separation based on degree and location of unsaturation in the first second dimension, 2D(1), and multi-cycle NARP-UHPLC in the second second dimension, 2D(2). Pulses contained 1.9% to 2.7% lipids, except garbanzo beans, which contained 6.2% lipids. High-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) was used to perform lipidomic analysis of the 2D(2) and percent relative quantification, showing that the most abundant average triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species across all pulses were PLL at 10.67% and PLLn at 10.45%. Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were clustered together using principal component analysis (PCA), showing the highest levels of linolenic acid, C18:3, in molecular species such as PLnLn, LLnLn, and OLLn, with palmitic (P), C16:0, linoleic (L), 18:2, linolenic (Ln), 18:3, and oleic (O), 18:1, FAs. Calibration curves derived from interweaved sets of regioisomer standards allowed the absolute quantification of 1,2- and 1,3-regioisomers for a subset of TAGs.
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Moore, Eli K., Ellen C. Hopmans, W. Irene C. Rijpstra, Laura Villanueva, Svetlana N. Dedysh, Irina S. Kulichevskaya, Hans Wienk, Frans Schoutsen, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Novel Mono-, Di-, and Trimethylornithine Membrane Lipids in Northern Wetland Planctomycetes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 22 (August 30, 2013): 6874–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02169-13.
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ABSTRACTNorthern peatlands represent a significant global carbon store and commonly originate fromSphagnummoss-dominated wetlands. These ombrotrophic ecosystems are rain fed, resulting in nutrient-poor, acidic conditions. Members of the bacterial phylumPlanctomycetesare highly abundant and appear to play an important role in the decomposition ofSphagnum-derived litter in these ecosystems. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRAM/MS) analysis of lipid extracts of four isolated planctomycetes from wetlands of European north Russia revealed novel ornithine membrane lipids (OLs) that are mono-, di-, and trimethylated at the ε-nitrogen position of the ornithine head group. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the isolated trimethylornithine lipid confirmed the structural identification. Similar fatty acid distributions between mono-, di-, and trimethylornithine lipids suggest that the three lipid classes are biosynthetically linked, as in the sequential methylation of the terminal nitrogen in phosphatidylethanolamine to produce phosphatidylcholine. The mono-, di-, and trimethylornithine lipids described here represent the first report of methylation of the ornithine head groups in biological membranes. Various bacteria are known to produce OLs under phosphorus limitation or fatty-acid-hydroxylated OLs under thermal or acid stress. The sequential methylation of OLs, leading to a charged choline-like moiety in the trimethylornithine lipid head group, may be an adaptation to provide membrane stability under acidic conditions without the use of scarce phosphate in nutrient-poor ombrotrophic wetlands.
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Abu-Reidah, Ibrahim M., Amber L. Critch, Charles F. Manful, Amanda Rajakaruna, Natalia P. Vidal, Thu H. Pham, Mumtaz Cheema, and Raymond Thomas. "Effects of pH and Temperature on Water under Pressurized Conditions in the Extraction of Nutraceuticals from Chaga (Inonotus obliquus) Mushroom." Antioxidants 10, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081322.
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Currently, there is increased interest in finding appropriate food-grade green extraction systems capable of extracting these bioactive compounds from dietary mushrooms for applications in various food, pharmacological, or nutraceutical formulations. Herein, we evaluated a modified Swiss water process (SWP) method using alkaline and acidic pH at low and high temperature under pressurized conditions as a suitable green food grade solvent to obtained extracts enriched with myco-nutrients (dietary phenolics, total antioxidants (TAA), vitamins, and minerals) from Chaga. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution accurate mass tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRAMS-MS/MS) was used to assess the phenolic compounds and vitamin levels in the extracts, while inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the mineral contents. Over 20 phenolic compounds were quantitatively evaluated in the extracts and the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) was observed at pH 11.5 at 100 °C. The most abundant phenolic compounds present in Chaga extracts included phenolic acids such as protocatechuic acid 4-glucoside (0.7–1.08 µg/mL), syringic acid (0.62–1.18 µg/mL), and myricetin (0.68–1.3 µg/mL). Vitamins are being reported for the first time in Chaga. Not only, a strong correlation was found for TPC with TAA (r-0.8, <0.0001), but also, with individual phenolics (i.e., Salicylic acid), lipophilic antioxidant activity (LAA), and total antioxidant minerals (TAM). pH 2.5 at 100 °C treatment shows superior effects in extracting the B vitamins whereas pH 2.5 at 60 and 100 °C treatments were outstanding for extraction of total fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin E content was the highest for the fat-soluble vitamins in the Chaga extract under acidic pH (2.5) and high temp. (100 °C) and ranges between 50 to 175 µg/100 g Chaga. Antioxidant minerals ranged from 85.94 µg/g (pH7 at 100 °C) to 113.86 µg/g DW (pH2.5 at 100 °C). High temperature 100 °C and a pH of 2.5 or 9.5. The treatment of pH 11.5 at 100 °C was the most useful for recovering phenolics and antioxidants from Chaga including several phenolic compounds reported for the first time in Chaga. SWP is being proposed herein for the first time as a novel, green food-grade solvent system for the extraction of myco-nutrients from Chaga and have potential applications as a suitable approach to extract nutrients from other matrices. Chaga extracts enriched with bioactive myconutrients and antioxidants may be suitable for further use or applications in the food and nutraceutical industries.
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Cawley, Adam, Daniel Pasin, Namuun Ganbat, Laura Ennis, Corrine Smart, Candace Greer, John Keledjian, Shanlin Fu, and Alex Chen. "The potential for complementary targeted/non-targeted screening of novel psychoactive substances in equine urine using liquid chromatography-high resolution accurate mass spectrometry." Analytical Methods 8, no. 8 (2016): 1789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay00156d.
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Smith, Richard D. "Advanced Mass Spectrometric Methods for the Rapid and Quantitative Characterization of Proteomes." Comparative and Functional Genomics 3, no. 2 (2002): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cfg.159.
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Progress is reviewed towards the development of a global strategy that aims to extend the sensitivity, dynamic range, comprehensiveness and throughput of proteomic measurements based upon the use of high performance separations and mass spectrometry. The approach uses high accuracy mass measurements from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR) to validate peptide ‘accurate mass tags’ (AMTs) produced by global protein enzymatic digestions for a specific organism, tissue or cell type from ‘potential mass tags’ tentatively identified using conventional tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). This provides the basis for subsequent measurements without the need for MS/ MS. High resolution capillary liquid chromatography separations combined with high sensitivity, and high resolution accurate FTICR measurements are shown to be capable of characterizing peptide mixtures of more than105components. The strategy has been initially demonstrated using the microorganismsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandDeinococcus radiodurans.Advantages of the approach include the high confidence of protein identification, its broad proteome coverage, high sensitivity, and the capability for stableisotope labeling methods for precise relative protein abundance measurements.Abbreviations: LC, liquid chromatography; FTICR, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance; AMT, accurate mass tag; PMT, potential mass tag; MMA, mass measurement accuracy; MS, mass spectrometry; MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry; ppm, parts per million.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "High resolution accurate mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry (MS)":
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Maknun, Luluil. "Development of mass spectrometric analytical methods for the determination of iron complexes in plants and bacteria and for the determination of cobalt using bimetallic nanoparticles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PAUU3039.
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L'objectif principal de cette recherche est le développement de méthodes analytiques utilisant une technique de séparation couplée à la spectrométrie de masse pour l'analyse de complexes de fer de faible poids moléculaire et une technique de single-particle ICP MS pour la détection de nanoparticules bimétalliques.Dans la première partie, une méthode utilisant la chromatographie liquide avec spectrométrie de masse à double détecteur, spectrométrie de masse (MS) à haute résolution par électrospray (HRAM) et spectrométrie de masse à couplage inductif (ICPMS), a été développée pour les complexes du fer (Fe) de faible poids moléculaire, appelés 'sideophore', dans un échantillon d'un sol. La complexité des échantillons étudiés, les faibles concentrations et la labilité des analytes ont posé un défi dans le développement de méthodes pour leur identification et leur quantification. Pour éliminer la matrice, une extraction en phase solide (SPE) a été développée dans des conditions acides pour purifier la majeure partie des complexes 56Fe-sidérophore et concentrée par évaporation. Les complexes 56Fe-sidérophore ont été identifiés par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique rapide (FastSEC) - Orbitrap MSn sur la base de la masse moléculaire exacte (+ 1 ppm) et de la fragmentation MS2 ou MS3. Leur capacité à échanger facilement le 56Fe naturel contre le 58Fe ajouté a été démontrée par SEC avec détection par l'ICP MS et l'ESI MS. La méthode a été appliquée à l'analyse de tourbe prélevée dans la partie orientale des montagnes pyrénéennes françaises. Dix-neuf sidérophores appartenant à quatre classes différentes ont été identifiés et quantifiés sans avoir besoin d'un standard authentique. Les résultats ont été validés à l'aide de la détection ICP MS du fer en comparant la somme des complexes de fer déterminés par échange isotopique - ESI MS dans chaque pic observé par FastSEC-ICP MS.Dans la deuxième partie du manuscrit, une méthode utilisant la spectrométrie de masse à plasma à couplage inductif -ICP-MS en mode particule unique (SP-ICP-MS) et en mode conventionnel couplée au fractionnement d'écoulement de champ (FlFFF) a été développée. Les conditions de synthèse de nanoparticules bimétalliques (BNP) Ag-Au ont été optimisées pour appliquer celles-ci à la détection colorimétrique basée sur le concept d'agrégation. Les BNP Ag-Au, synthétisés par la réduction par le citrate des ions Ag et Au, ont été utilisées comme capteurs pour la détection du Co2+. Pour mieux comprendre la détection colorimétrique du Co2+ à l'aide de BNP Ag-Au, divers mélanges de solutions ont été étudiés, notamment : (i) uniquement des BNP Ag-Au ; (ii) BNP Ag-Au avec thiosulfate; (iii) BNP Ag-Au avec thiosulfate et éthylènediamine; et (iv) Ag-Au BNPs avec thiosulfate, Co2+ et éthylènediamine. SP-ICP-MS a été utilisé pour déterminer la taille du noyau, la distribution de taille et la concentration en nombre de particules, ainsi que l'hétérogénéité des particules synthétisées en utilisant diverses concentrations de citrate et un rapport de métal. FlFFF-ICP-MS a également été utilisé pour observer la taille hydrodynamique et le rapport d'intensité du signal de Ag et Au dans les BNP et donc pour étayer les informations obtenues à partir de SP-ICP-MS. La combinaison des techniques proposées dans des conditions appropriées a permis de surveiller la réaction de détection colorimétrique. Les informations supplémentaires du fractogramme fournies par FlFFF-ICP-MS ont également été utiles pour comprendre l'agrégation des BNP due au complexe [Co(II)(en)3]2+ autour de la surface des BNP. En outre, par rapport à la détection colorimétrique classique, la limite de détection (LOD) pour la détection des ions Co2+ a été réduite de 20 fois, du niveau ppb au niveau pptThe research focuses on an analytical method development using chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the analysis of low molecular weight iron complexes. In the second part, the study explores the utilization of bimetallic nanoparticles for Co2+ detection.In the first part, a method using liquid chromatography with two detector mass spectrometry, i.e., electrospray high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry (MS) and inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), was developed for the analysis of low molecular weight iron (Fe) complexes, called ‘siderophores'. The complexity of the samples, their low concentrations, and the lability of the iron complexe were challenges in the development of methods for their identification and quantification. For the sample clean-up, solid phase extraction (SPE) using acidic conditions was developed to purify the samples, followed by evaporation to dryness. The individual 56Fe-siderophore complexes were identified by fast size-exclusion chromatography (FastSEC) - Orbitrap MSn based on the exact molecular mass (+ 1 ppm) and MS2. Their capability of exchanging the natural 56Fe with the spiked 58Fe was demonstrated by SEC with ICP-MS and ESI-MS detection. The method was applied to the analysis of peat collected in the Eastern part of the French Pyrenean mountains. Nineteen siderophores belonging to four different classes were presumptively identified and quantified. The results were compared with ICP-MS detection of iron and matching of the sum of the moles of iron complexes determined by the isotopic- ESI-MS within each peak as eluted from the fastSEC column.In the second part, a method using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the single particle mode and the conventional mode coupled to a flow field flow fractionation was developed to select suitable conditions for the synthesis of Ag-Au bimetallic nanoparticles and to monitor the colorimetric changes due to aggregations. Ag-Au BNPs, synthesized by using citrate reduction of Ag and Au ions, were used as sensors for the detection of Co2+. To better understand the colorimetric sensing of Co2+ using the Ag-Au BNPs, various mixtures were studied, viz. (i) only Ag-Au BNPs; (ii) Ag-Au BNPs with thiosulfate; (iii) Ag-Au BNPs with thiosulfate and ethylenediamine; and (iv) Ag-Au BNPs with thiosulfate, Co2+ and ethylenediamine. SP-ICP-MS was used to determine the core size, size distribution, and number concentration, as well as the heterogeneity of the particles synthesized by using various citrate concentrations and metal ratios. Fl-FFF-ICP-MS was also used to observe the hydrodynamic size and the Ag: Au signal intensity ratio of the BNPs to support information obtained from the SP-ICP-MS. The combination of the proposed techniques has been applied to monitor the reaction during colorimetric sensing. Additional information from fractograms provided by Fl-FFF-ICP-MS was also useful for the understanding of the aggregation of BNPs arising from the [Co(II)(en)3]2+ complex surrounding the surface of the BNPs. Furthermore, when compared to colorimetric sensing, the limit of detection for Co2+ ion, using the BNPs and SP-ICP-MS, were 20-fold lower, decreasing from ppb to ppt levels
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Huang, Fan. "APPLICATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION ACCURATE MASS (HRAM) MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR ANALYSIS OF LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS AND THE POST-PRETREATMENT PRODUCTS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/chemistry_etds/74.
Abstract:
Lignin, one of main components in the woody cell walls, is a complex heterogeneous biopolymer, which provides structural support and transportation of water in plants. It is highly recalcitrant to degradation (both chemically and environmentally) and protects cellulose from being degraded/hydrolyzed. Due to the structural complexity of native lignin, complete characterization and elucidation of lignin’s structure remains very challenging. The overarching goal of this work is to develop mass spectrometry based analytical methods to contribute to a better understanding of lignin structures.
This dissertation will focus on the development and application of High-Resolution Accurate-Mass (HRAM) Mass Spectrometry (MS) as main analytical technique for studying lignin model compounds, including understanding the ionization behavior, studying corresponding fragmentation patterns and extracting structural information for structural elucidation eventually. Analytical methods were also developed to study the post-pretreatment products of the synthetic trimeric model compound using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with High-Resolution Accurate Mass (HRAM) Mass Spectrometry (MS).
The first project of this dissertation focuses on mass spectral the characterization of lignin models from the in vitro oxidative coupling reactions. Three specific trimeric compounds were isolated and their ionization behaviors were investigated using HRAMMS via electrospray ionization (ESI). The reaction parameters of the in vitro oxidative coupling reaction were critical in alternating the linkage profiles of resulting dehydrogenation polymers (DHPs). Reaction parameters were tuned to obtain desired DHP linkages profile. Upon the isolation of three different trimeric compounds, a systematic comparison of ionization efficiency of three trimeric compounds was carried out using ESI-HRAM-MS under different ionization conditions.
The second project was aimed to design a synthetic route for a lignin model compound that will be a good representation for native lignin during the pretreatment process. The model compound of interest has not been obtained previously through chemical synthesis. Due to the reactivity of cinnamyl alcohol, which contains the unsaturated side chain, this new synthesis strategy was developed based on the known aldol-type reaction route. A versatile synthesis procedure for preparation of β-O-4 oligomeric compounds was designed and implemented to include the most important functional groups (phenolic alcohol, aryl glycerol β-aryl ether bond and unsaturated side chain) in the resulting model compound. This new synthesis route also allowed incorporation of different monolignols.
In the third project, Fenton chemistry was applied to a synthetic lignin model compound. Due to the non-specificity in the post pretreatment product profile, nontargeted analytical strategy was developed and applied to study the post-pretreatment products of the model compound using HPLC-HRMS.
The results from this dissertation showed a significant difference in ionization behavior between three structurally different model compounds and indicated that primary structures of lignin compounds can largely affect corresponding electrospray ionization properties as well as fragmentation pattern. The work in this dissertation provides analytical techniques for non-targeted analysis of complex lignin samples and an insightful understanding of Fenton’s reaction pretreatment upon lignin model compound.
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Broecker, Sebastian. "Aufbau und Anwendung einer Methode zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Giften und deren Metaboliten in Blut und Haaren in der Systematischen Toxikologischen Analyse mittels Flüssigchromatographie-Quadrupol-Flugzeitmassenspektrometrie-Kopplung (LC-QTOF-MS)." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16461.
Abstract:
Die Systematische Toxikologische Analyse (STA) stellt auf Grund der großen Vielfalt und der ständigen Zunahme an toxikologisch relevanten Substanzen eine der größten Herausforderungen in der chemischen Analyse dar. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde daher die Eignung der Flüssigchromatographie in Kombination mit der Hybrid-Quadrupol-Flugzeitmassenspektrometrie (LC-QTOF-MS) für diesen Zweck untersucht. Dazu wurden eine Datenbank mit über 7360 und eine CID-Spektrenbibliothek mit mehr als 2720 toxikologisch relevanten Substanzen erstellt und geeignete Probenvorbereitungsmethoden entwickelt. Die Erprobung der Methoden erfolgte an dotierten Blut- und Haarproben. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass die Analyse im Auto-MS/MS-Modus (Messzyklen von MS- und MS/MS-Spektren) eine Identifizierung basischer Substanzen mittels CID-Spektren zwischen 0,5 und 2 ng/ml im Blut ermöglichte. Die Nachweisgrenzen der für 24 Wirkstoffe validierten Methode in Haaren lagen bei 3 bis 15 pg/mg. Die Eignung der LC-QTOF-MS zur STA von Haarproben wurde an 30 Drogentodesfällen und 60 Todesfällen mit bekannter chronischer Medikamenteneinnahme zu Lebzeiten sowie an 77 Blutproben nachgewiesen. Für die Suche nach Metaboliten wurde ein Metaboliten-Tool entwickelt. In der praktischen Anwendung auf Datenfiles von Blut- und Haarproben erwies sich das Tool als wertvolles Hilfsmittel zur Identifizierung unbekannter Peaks und zur Bestätigung von Suchergebnissen in der Datenbank. Zur automatischen Konzentrationsabschätzung identifizierter Substanzen wurde ein Tool „Estimate Concentration“ geschaffen. Die Überprüfung des Verfahrens an realen Blut- und Haarproben durch Vergleich mit HPLC-DAD- und GC-MS-Ergebnissen wies eine gute Übereinstimmung der Konzentrationen auf. Insgesamt zeigten die Untersuchungen, dass die LC-QTOF-MS zurzeit die am besten geeignete Methode für die STA darstellt. Auch bei einem erst später aufkommenden Verdacht kann eine gezielte Suche in dem bereits gemessenen Datenfile durchgeführt werden.Due to the large variety and the steady increase of toxicologically relevant substances, systematic toxicological analysis (STA) is one of the most difficult tasks in analytical chemistry and, therefore, a steady topic of research and methodical improvement. For this reason, the suitability of liquid chromatography in combination with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) for STA was investigated. For this purpose, a database of more than 7360 and a CID spectra library of more than 2720 toxicologically relevant substances and suitable methods for sample preparation were developed. The application was evaluated at spiked blood and hair samples. It was found that the analysis in Auto-MS/MS mode (alternating measurement cycles of MS and MS/MS spectra) allowed substance identification in blood using CID spectra between 0.5 and 2 ng/ml for basic substances. The detection limits of the validated method in hair ranged from 3 to 15 pg/mg for 24 drugs. The suitability of LC-QTOF-MS for STA was tested for hair samples from 30 drug-related death cases and from 60 death cases with known chronic medication as well as for 77 blood samples. For the search of metabolites, a metabolite tool was developed. In the practical application to data files from blood and hair samples, the tool proved to be very helpful for identification of unknown peaks and for confirmation of results obtained only from the database without CID spectra. A tool "Estimate Concentration" was created for automatic estimation of concentrations of identified substances. The application to real blood and hair samples and the comparison of the concentrations with results from HPLC-DAD and GC-MS showed good agreement. Overall, these investigations showed that LC-QTOF-MS is currently the most favorable method for STA. Because of the comprehensive registration of all substances in a sample, the data files can be checked for the presence of certain poisons even later without new measurements.
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Larabi, Islam Amine. "Nouveaux produits de synthèse : analyse, consommation et métabolisme ; Applications cliniques et médicolégales Rapid and simultaneous screening of new psychoactive substances and conventional drugs of abuse. A comparative study of Biochip Array Technology versus LC-MS/MS in whole blood and urine Development of a sensitive untargeted liquid chromatography– high resolution mass spectrometry screening devoted to hair analysis through a shared MS2 spectra database: A step toward early detection of new psychoactive substances Validation of an UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of sixteen synthetic cannabinoids in human hair. Application to document chronic use of JWH-122 following a non-fatal overdose Development and validation of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry targeted screening of 16 fentanyl analogs and U-47700 in hair: Application to 137 authentic samples Prevalence and Surveillance of Synthetic Cathinones Use by Hair Analysis: An Update Review Prevalence of New Psychoactive Substances(NPS) and conventional drugs of abuse (DOA) in high risk populations from Paris(France) and its suburbs A cross sectional study by hair testing(2012–2017) Evaluation of drug abuse by hair analysis and self-reported use among MSM under PrEP: Results from a sub-study of the ANRS-IPERGAY trial. Hair testing for 3‑fluorofentanyl, furanylfentanyl, methoxyacetylfentanyl, carfentanil, acetylfentanyl and fentanyl by LC–MS/MS after unintentional overdose Drug‐facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) involving 4‐methylethcathinone (4‐MEC),3,4‐Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), and doxylamine highlighted by hair analysis Metabolic Profiling of Deschloro-N-ethyl-ketamine (O-PCE) and identification of new target metabolites in urine and hair using human liver microsomes and high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL029.
Abstract:
L’objectif de ce travail a été de développer deux approches analytiques dédiées à l’analyse toxicologique des nouveaux produits de synthèse (NPS) dans différentes matrices biologiques (sang, urine et cheveux). La première est basée sur le criblage non ciblé par chimiluminescence sur biopuces et chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (LC-HRMS) et la deuxième correspond à un criblage ciblé par spectrométrie de masse en tandem (LC-MS/MS). Ces deux approches ont ensuite été appliquées dans des études observationnelles pour évaluer la consommation de NPS dans des populations à risques de surdosage, de pharmacodépendance ou de soumission chimique dans un contexte clinique ou médico-judiciaire.La dernière partie a été consacrée au développement d’un nouvel outil analytique de traitement des données issues de la LC-HRMS qui a permis d’étudier le métabolisme de 9 NPS in vitro sur des cultures de microsomes du foie humain (HLM) et in vivo sur des échantillons biologiques d’usagers de ces drogues. Cette dernière approche a permis la création d’une bibliothèque de spectres de haute résolution composée de 228 métabolites dont certains ont été proposés comme marqueurs pertinents d’exposition aux NPS dont ils sont issus.Ce travail a été concrétisé par la rédaction de 10 publications scientifiques et a permis d’initier plusieurs collaborations pluridisciplinairesThe aim of the present work was to develop two analytical approaches dedicated to the analysis of new psychoactive substances in different biological matrices (blood, urine and hair). The first approach is based on untargeted screening by both biochip array technology chemiluminescence assay and liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and the second corresponds to a targeted screening by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These two approaches were then applied in observational studies to assess the consumption of NPS in high risk populations (overdose, drug abuse, drug facilitated crimes) in clinical and forensic settings. The last part of the work was devoted to the development of a new analytical tool for LC-HRMS data processing which made it possible to study the metabolism of 9 NPS In vitro on human liver microsomes (HLM) and In vivo in biological samples from drug users. This approach has enabled the creation of HRMS spectral library containing 228 metabolites, some of which have been proposed as relevant markers of NPS exposure.This work has resulted on 10 scientific publications and allowed to initiate many multidisciplinary collaborations
Book chapters on the topic "High resolution accurate mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry (MS)":
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Crutchfield, C. A., and W. Clarke. "High resolution accurate mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry." In Mass Spectrometry for the Clinical Laboratory, 247–59. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800871-3.00012-2.
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McCullagh, James, and Neil Oldham. "Resolution, accurate mass, and sensitivity." In Mass Spectrometry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198789048.003.0004.
Abstract:
This chapter explains resolving power, resolution, accurate mass, and sensitivity, and shows how these properties can be used for analytical purposes. It highlights the key properties of a mass spectrometer, which include the limit to which an instrument can separate ions of different m/z value and the error limit within which an instrument can measure an ion's m/z value relative to its theoretical value. It also refers to the relationship between the ion current measured by the mass spectrometer and the concentration of the sample analyte. The chapter clarifies that analyzers with high resolving power are also of significant advantage in measuring large molecules, such as peptides and proteins. It talks about how mass spectrometry (MS) is used to denote a degree of accuracy that allows determination of the elemental composition of an ion.
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Gangwar, Shivanshu, Rohit Kumar, Mandeep Yadav, Himanshi Rathaur, and Rizwan Ahmad. "ROLE OF LC-MS IN HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING OF BIOMARKER." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 9, 108–20. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bipn9ch12.
Abstract:
The identification and quantification of biomarkers play a crucial role in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. High throughput screening (HTS) methods have emerged as powerful tools for rapidly assessing numerous biomolecules across large sample sets. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become a leading technology in biomarker analysis due to its unparalleled sensitivity, selectivity, and versatility. This abstract aim to explore the pivotal role of LC-MS in HTS of biomarker analysis. We begin by highlighting the importance of biomarkers as key indicators of biological processes and disease states, emphasizing the pressing need for efficient and accurate screening methods. Next, we delve into the principles of LC-MS and how it synergistically combines liquid chromatography's separation capabilities with mass spectrometry's analytical power, enabling the identification and quantification of a wide range of biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, metabolites, and lipids. The advantages of LC-MS in HTS become apparent when discussing its ability to analyze large sample cohorts rapidly. Through automation and high-resolution instrumentation, LC-MS streamlines the analysis of thousands of samples, providing researchers with an unprecedented depth of biomarker data. Furthermore, LC-MS enables the simultaneous measurement of multiple analytes, fostering a comprehensive understanding of complex biological processes and disease mechanisms. This abstract also addresses the challenges and advancements in LC-MS technology, such as enhancing sensitivity and reproducibility, minimizing sample preparation time, and implementing robust data analysis pipelines. Additionally, we touch upon the integration of LC-MS with other omics technologies, such as genomics and proteomics, to leverage the collective power of multiple analytical approaches. The application of LC-MS in HTS of biomarker analysis has found significant utility in various fields, including cancer research, pharmacokinetic studies, and personalized medicine. The ability to rapidly screen and validates potential biomarkers facilitates early disease detection, patient stratification, and monitoring of treatment responses, leading to improved patient outcomes. In conclusion, LC-MS has revolutionized biomarker analysis by playing a pivotal role in HTS workflows. Its unparalleled sensitivity, high throughput capacity, and compatibility with diverse biomolecules have significantly advanced our understanding of biological systems and disease states. As technology continues to evolve, LC-MS will undoubtedly remain at the forefront of biomarker research, providing invaluable insights for future biomedical and clinical applications.
Conference papers on the topic "High resolution accurate mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry (MS)":
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Byrdwell, William, and Hari Kiran Kotapati. "Fast chromatography with dual parallel mass spectrometry for lipidomic analysis and regioisomer quantification of pulse lipids." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/kxye7490.
Abstract:
Pulses are seeds produced from legumes. More specifically, the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) defines pulses as “Leguminosae crops harvested exclusively for their grain, including dry beans, peas and lentilsâ€. This excludes oilseeds, such as soybeans and peanuts. Pulses are well known for their high content of protein and fiber. Most pulses do not contain a lot of oil, and there is not abundant information in the literature on pulse oil triglycerides, or triacylglycerols (TAGs). But pulses are consumed in large quantities in diets around the globe, so even lower amounts of oil in highly consumed pulses means that the composition of the pulse oil is important to the normal diet. We developed a 10-minute method for analysis of pulse oils using fast UHPLC for separation followed by dual parallel mass spectrometry (MS) for detection and quantification of the separated TAGs. Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) MS was used for fat-soluble vitamin (FSV) quantification and for TAG regioisomer quantification and electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to high-resolution accurate-mass (HRAM) MS was used for lipidomic identification and quantification of TAG molecular species and regioisomers. Calibration standards contained low levels of FSVs, but high levels of TAGs for better quantification of the bulk oil extracted by the Folch method. The TAG calibration standards were comprised of two different regioisomers, representing alternating concentration levels, thereby allowing fragment ratio calibration curves of regioisomers to be constructed along with the normal quantification calibration curves (regioisomer calibration curve within each quantification calibration curve). We found that FSV calibration curves were linear with high correlation coefficients (r2), while TAG calibration curves were best modeled as power functions and gave lower correlation coefficients. The pulse TAGs were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which further adds to the already well-known nutritional benefits of pulses.
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Ow, Hooisweng, Sehoon Chang, Gawain Thomas, Wei Wang, Afnan A. Mashat, and Hussein Shateeb. "Automatable High Sensitivity Tracer Detection: Toward Tracer Data Enriched Production Management of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206338-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract The development of automatable high sensitivity analytical methods for tracer detection has been one of the most central challenges to realize ubiquitous full-field tracer deployment to study reservoirs with many cross-communicating injector and producer wells. Herein we report a tracer analysis approach, inspired by strategies commonly utilized in the biotechnology industry, that directly addresses key limitations in process throughput, detection sensitivity and automation potential of state-of-the-art technologies. A two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography (2D-HPLC) method was developed for the rapid fluorescence detection and simultaneous identification of a class of novel barcoded tracers in produced water down to ultra-trace concentration ranges (<1ppb), matching the sensitivity of tracer technologies currently used in the oil industry. The sample preparation process throughput was significantly intensified by judicious adaptations of off-the-shelf biopharma automation solutions. The optical detection sensitivity was further improved by the time-resolved luminescence of the novel tracer materials that allows the negation of residual background signals from the produced water. To showcase the potential, we applied this powerful separation and detection methodology to analyze field samples from two recent field validations of a novel class of optically detectable tracers, in which two novel tracers were injected along with a benchmarking conventional fluorobenzoic acid (FBA)-based tracer. The enhanced resolving power of the 2D chromatographic separation drastically suppressed the background signal, enabling the optical detection of a tracer species injected at 10x lower concentration. Further, we orthogonally confirmed the detection of this tracer species by the industry standard high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRAM) technique, demonstrating comparable limits of detection. Tracer detection profile indicated that the transport behavior of the novel optical tracers through highly saline and retentive reservoir was similar to that of FBAs, validating the performance of this new class of tracers. Promising steps toward complete automation of the tracer separation and detection procedure have drastically reduced manual interventions and decreased the analysis cycle time, laying solid foundation to full-field deployment of tracers for better reservoir characterizations to inform decisions on production optimization. This paper outlines the automatable tracer detection methodology that has been developed for robustness and simplicity, so that efficient utilization of the resultant high-resolution tracer data can be applied toward improving production strategy via intelligent and active rate adjustments.
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Santos, Luiz, Tom Buchanan, Kristina Srzentic, Kai Scheffler, Sara Carillo, and Jonathan Bones. "Characterization of an IgG1 monoclonal antibody oxidation variants at intact, subunit and peptide levels by High Resolution Accurate Mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry." In International Symposium on Immunobiological. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.biomang.2024_63764.
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Wei, Na, Enada Archibold, Grace Jairo, and Heather Kuiper. "Development of a method for separation of geometric isomers of alpha-linolenic acid in human plasma by silver Ion HPLC and GC-NCI-MS." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/fvyw5862.
Abstract:
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid essential for humans, must be supplied by diet, mainly from plants. It's a precursor of omega-3 long-chain fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids which are essential for human cardiovascular health. ALA consumption may also reduce the risk of heart disease. The geometric isomers of ALA in humans are derived from consumption of industrially produced partially hydrogenated and deodorized vegetable oils. The presence of trans-isomers of ALA in humans may affect the levels of regular ALA, potentially impacting the beneficial effects of ALA. Some studies have reported geometric isomers of ALA in human milk and serum but demonstrate incomplete chromatographic separation. The objective of this work is to develop a method to separate geometric isomers of ALA in human plasma using silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography (Ag-HPLC) and detect them using gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS). Sample preparation involves acidic and alkaline hydrolysis of samples, followed by extraction of free fatty acids with hexane. Ag-HPLC is then employed for isomer separation, HPLC fractions containing each isomer are collected, and finally the samples are analyzed by GC-NCI-MS. Preliminary data shows all eight geometric isomers of ALA (n-3t6t9t, n-3t6t9c, n-3c6t9t, n-3t6c9t, n-3t6c9c, n-3c6t9c, n-3c6c9t, and n-3c6c9c) in plasma can be separated using this approach. Ag-HPLC separation of ALA isomers in human plasma resulted in the same elution times as the isomers in a standard mixture. The identities of the isomers were confirmed by comparing their retention times and mass-to-charge ratios with those of ALA isomer standards via GC-NCI-MS. This approach can potentially be used to investigate the distribution of ALA geometric isomers in human plasma. The full resolution of ALA geometric isomers can ensure accurate identification of these isomers in human plasma, which may aid in understanding their impact on human health.
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Luo, Pan, Jonathan Harrist, Rabah Mesdour, and Nathan Stmichel. "Moving Gas Geochemical Analysis from Lab to Field by Advanced Gas Sensor for Onsite Fluid Characterization and Time-Lapse Monitoring." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204775-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract Natural gas is sampled or produced throughout the lifespan of a field, including geochemical surface survey, mud gas logging, formation and well testing, and production. Detecting and measuring gas is a common practice in many upstream operations, providing gas composition and isotope data for multiple purposes, such as gas show, petroleum system analysis, fluid characterization, and production monitoring. Onsite gas analysis is usually conducted within a mud gas unit, which is operationally unavailable after drilling. Gas samples need be taken from the field and shipped back to laboratory for gas chromatography and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry analyses. Results take a considerable time and lack the resolution needed to fully characterize the heterogeneity and dynamics of fluids within the reservoir. We are developing and testing advanced sensing technology to move gas composition and isotope analyses to field for near real-time and onsite fluid characterization and monitoring. We have developed a novel QEPAS (quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy) sensor system, employing a single interband cascade laser, to measure concentrations of methane (C1), ethane (C2), and propane (C3) in gas phase. The quartz fork detection module, laser driver, and interface are integrated as a small sensing box. The sensor, sample preparation enclosures and a computer are mounted in a rack as a gas analyzer prototype for the bench testing for oil industry application. Software is designed for monitoring sample preparation, collecting data, calibration and continuous reporting sample pressure and concentration data. The sensor achieved an ultimate detection limit of 90 ppb (parts per billion), 7 ppb and 3 ppm (parts per million) for C1, C2, and C3, respectively, for one second integration time. The detection limit for C2 made a record for QEPAS technique, and measuring C3 added a new capability to the technique. However, the linearity of the QEPAS sensing were previously reported in the range of 0 to 1000 ppm, which is mainly for trace gas detection. In the study, the prototype was separately tested on standard C1, C2, and C3 with different concentrations diluted in dry nitrogen (N2). Good linearity was obtained for all single components and the ranges of linearity were expanded to their typical concentrations (per cent, %) in natural gas samples from oil and gas fields. The testing on the C1-C2 mixtures confirms that accurate C1 and C2 concentrations in % level can be achieved by the prototype. The testing results on C1-C2-C3 mixtures demonstrate the capability of simultaneous detection of three hydrocarbon components and the probability to determine their precise concentrations by QEPAS sensing. This advancement of simultaneous measuring C1, C2 and C3 concentrations, with previously demonstrated capability for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and potential to analyze carbon isotopes (13C/12C), promotes QEPAS as a prominent optical technology for gas detection and chemical analysis. The capability of measuring multiple gas components and the advantages in small sensor size, high sensitivity, quick analysis, and continuous sensing (monitoring) open the way to use QEPAS technique for in-situ and real-time gas sensing in oil industry. The iterations of QEPAS sensor might be applied in geochemical survey, on-site fluid characterization, time-lapse monitoring of production, and gas linkage detection in the oil industry.