Relevant bibliographies by topics / High-pressure electrolysis

Academic literature on the topic 'High-pressure electrolysis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'High-pressure electrolysis.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "High-pressure electrolysis"

1

Ganley, Jason C. "High temperature and pressure alkaline electrolysis." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34, no. 9 (May 2009): 3604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.02.083.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Hancke, Ragnhild, Piotr Bujlo, Thomas Holm, and Øystein Ulleberg. "High-Pressure PEMWE Stack and System Characterization." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 39 (July 7, 2022): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01391748mtgabs.

Full text
Abstract:
As the urgency to decarbonize the industry and transport sector intensifies, renewable energy-based hydrogen production via advanced low temperature water electrolysis is attracting increased interest. Proton exchange membrane water electrolysers (PEMWE) offer several benefits over the more mature alkaline water electrolysis technology, including its load-following capability and the ability to operate at higher pressures. The latter is important because significant benefits can be harvested by adopting systems operating at pressure-levels compatible with the end use applications and thereby render the mechanical compressor redundant. At IFE we have developed a methodology which encompasses detailed energy- and techno-economic calculations of high-pressure systems, and a comparison between high-pressure electrolysis and state-of-the-art electrolysis at 30 bar in combination with a compressor has been carried out. Here, direct pressurization to 80 and 200 bar (relevant for, e.g., methanol and ammonia production) was found to be economically viable. To realize high-pressure H2 generation systems, many challenges related to system operability, efficiency and safety needs to be addressed. As part of the national infrastructure “The Norwegian Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Centre”, Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) has installed a flexible PEM water electrolyzer system platform for testing of small-scale prototype electrolyzers up to 33 kW and 200 bar differential pressure. The test rig is integrated with a sophisticated power conditioning system which consists of three custom-built DC/DC-converters (for PEMWE, PEMFC, and Li-ion battery systems), all coupled to the same DC-bus. This configuration makes it possible to test different hybrid electric topologies and to emulate different loads (e.g., grid load profiles, wind generation). This one-of-a-kind high-pressure PEMWE test facility at IFE is well suited to study performances of next-generation PEMWE stacks and systems, and to tailor and test control strategies that safeguards the system and maximizes efficiency and durability The test rig has been commissioned with a prototype high-pressure stack with a production capacity of 2 Nm3/h (Nel Hydrogen), and the identified economically viable pressure range of 80-200 bar has been the main target for an experimental test campaign. The experimental results are presented from stack testing including polarization curves and EIS data as a function of temperature, pressure and current density. The results are discussed in relation to the techno-economic model, in order to identify pathways towards more efficient hydrogen production. Figure 1
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Todd, Devin, Maximilian Schwager, and Walter Mérida. "Thermodynamics of high-temperature, high-pressure water electrolysis." Journal of Power Sources 269 (December 2014): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.144.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kyakuno, Takahiro, Kikuo Hattori, Kohei Ito, and Kazuo Onda. "Prediction of Production Power for High-pressure Hydrogen by High-pressure Water Electrolysis." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 124, no. 4 (2004): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.124.605.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Onda, Kazuo, Takahiro Kyakuno, Kikuo Hattori, and Kohei Ito. "Prediction of production power for high-pressure hydrogen by high-pressure water electrolysis." Journal of Power Sources 132, no. 1-2 (May 2004): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.01.046.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Grigoriev, S. A., A. A. Kalinnikov, P. Millet, V. I. Porembsky, and V. N. Fateev. "Mathematical modeling of high-pressure PEM water electrolysis." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 40, no. 5 (November 21, 2009): 921–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-009-0031-z.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Schug, C. A. "Operational characteristics of high-pressure, high-efficiency water-hydrogen-electrolysis." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 23, no. 12 (December 1998): 1113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3199(97)00139-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Solovey, Victor, Mykola Zipunnikov, Andrii Shevchenko, Irina Vorobjova, and Kotenko Kotenko. "Energy Effective Membrane-less Technology for High Pressure Hydrogen Electro-chemical Generation." French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 1 (2018): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/fujcv6i1p151-156.

Full text
Abstract:
Water electrolysis process for hydrogen generation is widely used in various branches of industry. But it has disadvantages like important energy consumption and utilization of separate membranes, which limit the generated gases pressure. This article describes the hydrogen and oxygen generation technology excluding the separating ion-exchange membranes and providing high gases pressure due to applying the variable valence metal chemically active electrodes as well as due to separating in time and space the electrolytic processes of water decomposition for gases liberation. The electrolyzer based on this technology surpasses all of the known analogues by the level of technical decisions, simplicity of mounting and servicing, reliability and safety.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Borsboom-Hanson, Tory, Thomas Holm, and Walter Merida. "The Economics of High Temperature and Supercritical Water Electrolysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 39 (July 7, 2022): 1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01391742mtgabs.

Full text
Abstract:
The growth of green energy in recent decades has resulted in increasing demand for hydrogen production with net-zero carbon emissions. Water electrolysis provides a solution to meet this demand, however it is currently too expensive to be cost competitive with hydrogen production methods of higher carbon intensity. High-temperatures and pressures can be leveraged to increase the energy efficiency of water electrolysis through kinetics and thermodynamic benefits, thereby reducing the overall cost of green hydrogen [1]. Additionally, performing water electrolysis directly at high pressures can help to avoid the added cost associated with gaseous hydrogen compression. Little is known about the electrolysis of supercritical water and what benefits it might offer in terms of hydrogen cost reduction [2,3]. In this work, experimental data was collected for supercritical water electrolysis and used to build an electrochemical model suitable for use under those conditions. The results of this model, combined with components of a previously published technoeconomic model for a high-temperature and pressure water electrolysis plant [4], indicate that while supercritical water electrolysis is achievable it is not the most economically efficient choice for hydrogen production. High-temperature and pressure water electrolysis performed under optimal conditions can be used to achieve higher economic efficiency when compared with contemporary water electrolysis solutions. Finally, a thorough optimization of the model presents a grim picture for achieving the US Department of Energy’s $2 kgH2 -1 target through water electrolysis without government subsidy. References: [1] D. Todd, M. Schwager, W. Mérida, Thermodynamics of high-temperature, high-pressure water electrolysis, J. Power Sources. 269 (2014) 424–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.144. [2] H. Boll, E.. Franck, H. Weingärtner, Electrolysis of supercritical aqueous solutions at temperatures up to 800K and pressures up to 400MPa, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 35 (2003) 625–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9614(02)00236-7. [3] P.C. Ho, D.A. Palmer, Determination of ion association in dilute aqueous potassium chloride and potassium hydroxide solutions to 600°C and 300 MPa by electrical conductance measurements, J. Chem. Eng. Data. 43 (1998) 162–170. https://doi.org/10.1021/je970198b. [4] T. Holm, T. Borsboom-Hanson, O.E. Herrera, W. Mérida, Hydrogen costs from water electrolysis at high temperature and pressure, Energy Convers. Manag. 237 (2021) 114106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114106. Figure 1
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Fletcher, Edward A. "Some Considerations on the Electrolysis of Water from Sodium Hydroxide Solutions." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 123, no. 2 (December 1, 2000): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1351173.

Full text
Abstract:
The unusually high solubilities and thermal coefficients of solubility of the alkali metal hydroxides make them attractive candidates for high-temperature electrolytic processes to produce high-pressure hydrogen. The feasibility of using strong sodium hydroxide (to keep down the saturation pressure of the condensed phase) electrolysis (to facilitate the separation of the hydrogen from oxygen over a liquid phase) at high temperatures (to increase the energy efficiency by substitution of process heat for electric power) and to increase the production rate in a given cell (by increasing the specific conductance of the working fluid) is explored and discussed. Suggestions are made for future research.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "High-pressure electrolysis"

1

Michelin-Jamois, Millan. "Application des systèmes hétérogènes lyophobes (SHL) au confort des charges utiles." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0113/document.

Full text
Abstract:
L’existence de concurrence dans l’industrie aérospatiale obligé à une évolution continue des technologies en lien avec une diminution des coûts de lancement et une fiabilité accrue. Ceci passe, entre autre, par l’amélioration des moyens de protection des charges utiles. Le but de cette thèse est de vérifier l’applicabilité des systèmes hétérogènes lyophobes (association d’un matériau nanoporeux et d’un liquide non-mouillant) dans l’amortissement des vibrations pour le confort de celles-ci. L’intrusion de liquide dans des SHL demande une énergie mécanique importante sous forme de pression. En fonction des propriétés du couple solide/liquide cette énergie peut être partiellement dissipée. Cette dissipation, de l’ordre de quelques dizaines de joules par gramme de matériau est bien supérieure à celle des systèmes conventionnels (élastomères, amortisseurs visqueux…) et montre une grande stabilité vis-à-vis de la fréquence, d’où leur intérêt dans l’amortissement des vibrations. Bien que l’eau soit déjà très largement étudié dans le cadre de la recherche sur les SHL, elle ne peut être utilisée que pour des températures comprises entre 0 et 100°C (à pression atmosphérique). Dans le but d’élargir cette gamme de températures jusqu’à -50°C, des mélanges ont été utilisés. L’ajout d’électrolytes dans l’eau permet de baisser la température de solidification du liquide. L’étude des solutions d’électrolytes a permis de mettre en évidence deux phénomènes différents menant à des augmentations de pressions d’intrusion et d’extrusion dans les SHL. Dans les matériaux microporeux (comme les ZIF-8 étudiés dans ce travail), un phénomène d’exclusion totale des ions de la matrice poreuse peut être observé. Cet effet est accompagné de l’apparition d’un terme de pression osmotique menant aux augmentations importantes de pressions d’intrusion et d’extrusion mises en évidence. Dans le cas où les ions peuvent pénétrer les pores, les variations de pressions d’intrusion et d’extrusion sont beaucoup plus faibles et ont été attribuées à des changements dans les propriétés de surface du liquide. Les matériaux mésoporeux (comme les MCM-41 étudiés au cours de ce travail) semblent se comporter de cette manière quels que soient les ions considérés. L’extension de la gamme d’application des SHL vers les hautes températures a été faite grâce à l’utilisation du Galinstan, alliage de gallium, d’indium et d’étain, non-toxique et liquide entre -20 et 1300°C environ. Ce liquide, associé à des verres mésoporeux rendus chimiquement inertes, a permis l’obtention de cycles de dissipation d’énergie reproductibles. Enfin, une étude numérique d’un amortisseur SHL simplifié dans un système mécanique a été menée. La variété des comportements a mis en évidence la complexité de ces systèmes qui nécessitent un dimensionnement très précis. Si cette condition est vérifiée, les amortisseurs SHL s’avèrent très efficaces et adaptables du fait de la grande variété des couples solide/liquide utilisables
Competition in aerospace industry forces to follow a constant evolution of technologies linked to launching costs decreasing and reliability increasing. An improvement of payload protection systems is a way to achieve these conditions. The main issue of this PhD thesis is to verify the applicability of lyophobic heterogeneous systems (association of a nanoporous material and a non- wetting liquid) in vibrations damping for payload comfort. Intrusion of liquid in LH S requires a high mechanical energy in the form of p res sure. Depending on solid/liquid couple properties this energy can be partly dissipated. This dissipation, of the order of ten joules per gram of material, is far higher than classical systems (elastomeric ones, viscous dampers...) and shows a relative stability regarding to frequency variations. These properties explain their interest in vibrations damping applications. Although water is a very common liquid which is very studied in the research field of LHS, it can only be used in the 0 to 100˚C temperatures range (under atmospheric pressure). In order to broaden this temperatures range to -50˚C, electrolytes have been used. Adding electrolytes to water permits to decrease the liquid melting temperature. The study of electrolyte solutions has highlighted two different phenomena leading to intrusion and extrusion pressures increasing in LHS. In microporous materials (such as ZIF-8 studied here), a total exclusion phenomenon of ions from porous matrix can be observed. This effect leads to the appearance of an osmotic pressure term which explains high increasing of both intrusion and extrusion pressures. If ions can penetrate pores, intrusion and extrusion pressures increasing are smaller and have been explained by liquid surface properties changes. Mesoporous materials (such as MCM-41 studied here) seem to show this last behaviour whatever ion is. Increasing of LHS application range to high temperatures has been made using Galinstan, gallium, indium and tin alloy, which is non-toxic and stays liquid between approximately -20 and 1300˚C. This liquid, associated with chemically inert mesoporous glasses, permits to obtain reproducible energy dissipation cycles. Finally, a numerical study of a simplified LHS damper in a mechanical system has been done. The behaviours variety has brought to light the complexity of such a system which needs a very accurate design. If this condition is verified, LHS dampers can be very effective and adaptable thanks to the numerous solid/liquid couples which can be used
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Schicho, Andrew Richard. "Ultra High Pressure Hydrogen Studies." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12219.

Full text
Abstract:

Hydrogen has been called the fuel of the future, and as it’s non- renewable counterparts become scarce the economic viability of hydrogen gains traction. The potential of hydrogen is marked by its high mass specific energy density and wide applicability as a fuel in fuel cell vehicles and homes. However hydrogen’s volume must be reduced via pressurization or liquefaction in order to make it more transportable and volume efficient. Currently the vast majority of industrially produced hydrogen comes from steam reforming of natural gas. This practice yields low-pressure gas which must then be compressed at considerable cost and uses fossil fuels as a feedstock leaving behind harmful CO and CO2 gases as a by-product. The second method used by industry to produce hydrogen gas is low pressure electrolysis. In comparison the electrolysis of water at low pressure can produce pure hydrogen and oxygen gas with no harmful by-products using only water as a feedstock, but it will still need to be compressed before use. Multiple theoretical works agree that high pressure electrolysis could reduce the energy losses due to product gas compression. However these works openly admit that their projected gains are purely theoretical and ignore the practical limitations and resistances of a real life high pressure system. The goal of this work is to experimentally confirm the proposed thermodynamic gains of ultra-high pressure electrolysis in alkaline solution and characterize the behavior of a real life high pressure system.


Dissertation
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lin, yen Lu, and 林晏如. "The cross-over study of low sodium and low sodium high potassium diets─Effect of blood pressure and electrolytes balance." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28654220884364431938.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Liu, Chao-Yang, and 劉朝陽. "Improvements of lifetime extension with a noble metal micro protective layer and high pressure structure design for a water electrolytic hydrogen production cell." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71690268689056811503.

Full text
Abstract:
博士
國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
101
Hydrogen is the cleanest and most sufficient fuel on earth and also called the energy of the next generation. Fuel cells convert the chemical energy into electricity, generating only heat and water. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one type of fuel cells and has been regarded as one of the most promising alternative power sources due to its low emissions and high efficiency which can achieve more than 60%. However, 90% of hydrogen we use today is obtained from petroleum products. To solve the global warming issue, every country plans to reduce the usage of gasoline. Pure water electrolysis with a proton exchange membrane (PEM) or solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is the most effective and the cleanest method to produce hydrogen. The purity of hydrogen could achieve 99.99% because only de-ionized water (DI water) is used. However, a challenging problem for PEM water electrolysers is the corrosion and oxidation to the gas diffusion layer at anode side by active oxygen species (such as oxygen atoms and hydroxyl free radicals) during the reaction of water electrolysis. For the use of hydrogen fuel in a wide range of applications, high-pressure water electrolysers are owing to the pre-storage of hydrogen. In recent years, some studies have developed low-pressure hydrogen storage by metal hydrides, metal-organics, and carbon nanotubes. The minimum pressure to store hydrogen has been reduced to 10 bar or below. PEM water electrolysers have to provide high enough of hydrogen outlet pressure to store hydrogen directly into the hydrogen storage tank for more applications. The first purpose of this study is to extend the lifetime of the PEM water electrolyser. We repeat the process of catalyst coated membrane (CCM) fabrication to get uniform performances for PEM fuel cells. After that, a carbon-made gas diffusion layer (GDL) is coated a noble metal (IrO2) micro protective layer (MPL) to replace the micro porous layer, normally uses carbon black (XC-72). The functions of the MPL are used to transform active oxygen species into harmless oxygen gas and to prevent the carbon-made GDL from corrosion and oxidation during water electrolysis. The second purpose is to increase the outlet pressure of hydrogen of the high pressure PEM water electrolyser up to 10 bar. Our design is to combine the current collector and the flow field plate into one single component which is carried out by the mature computer numerical control (CNC) technique. For the lifetime extension, the MPL is working based on previous study. The advanced MPL is coated on the titanium porous disc with IrO2 / Ta2O5 composition. The titanium porous disc is used to replace the carbon-made GDL to support the thin membrane and prevent it from rupturing when operating at high pressures and stabilize the performance of the high pressure PEM water electrolyser when operating at high current density. We verify the noble metal MPL coated on carbon-made GDL can effectively extend the lifetime of the ambient pressure PEM water electrolyser more than 2000 h when operating at high current density (1.4 A cm-2) that is 10 times longer than that of a commercial sample coated only with carbon black as the micro porous layer. Moreover, the innovative structure of the high pressure PEM water electrolyser successfully eliminates the sealing risk of assembly and can operate at 10 bar of hydrogen outlet pressure and achieve a lifetime of over 600 h with the advanced MPL. The high pressure PEM water electrolyser with an advanced stabilizing MPL (IrO2 / Ta2O5 composition) remains the voltage within 0.02 V which shows excellent stability at high current density (1 A cm-2).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "High-pressure electrolysis"

1

Isbister, Geoffrey, and Colin Page. Management of β‎-blocker and calcium channel blocker poisoning. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0325.

Full text
Abstract:
β‎-blocker and calcium channel-blockers can cause life-threatening toxicity due to cardiogenic shock. Both β‎-blockers and calcium channel-blockers are heterogenous groups of drugs and particular drugs, such as propranolol, diltiazem, and verapamil are far more toxic than the others in their class. The most important investigations in β‎-blocker and calcium channel-blocker overdose are an electrocardiogram, blood glucose measurement, and electrolytes. Like most overdoses, supportive treatment is the most important, with emphasis on the primary pathophysiology. Early decontamination should be considered based on the severity of the poisoning. Treatment of β‎-blockers and calcium channel-blockers poisoning, using absolute blood pressure as an endpoint can be misleading and measuring cardiac output can be more informative in gauging response to treatment. There are no specific antidotes, although β‎-agonists may be effective in β‎-blocker overdose and calcium has been shown to be effective in calcium channel-blocker overdose. The choice of inotropes and/or vasopressors will differ for β‎-blockers and calcium channel-blockers. These include isoprenaline, high dose insulin euglycaemia, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and other catecholaminergic inotropes for β‎-blocker poisoning and adrenaline, high dose insulin euglycaemia and vasopressors for calcium channel-blocker poisoning.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ho, Kwok M. Kidney and acid–base physiology in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0005.

Full text
Abstract:
Anatomically the kidney consists of the cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis. The kidneys have approximately 2 million nephrons and receive 20% of the resting cardiac output making the kidneys the richest blood flow per gram of tissue in the body. A high blood and plasma flow to the kidneys is essential for the generation of a large amount of glomerular filtrate, up to 125 ml min−1, to regulate the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body. The kidneys also have many other important physiological functions, including excretion of metabolic wastes or toxins, regulation of blood volume and pressure, and also production and metabolism of many hormones. Although plasma creatinine concentration has been frequently used to estimate glomerular filtration rate by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation in stable chronic kidney diseases, the MDRD equation has limitations and does not reflect glomerular filtration rate accurately in healthy individuals or patients with acute kidney injury. An optimal acid–base environment is essential for many body functions, including haemoglobin–oxygen dissociation, transcellular shift of electrolytes, membrane excitability, function of many enzymes, and energy production. Based on the concepts of electrochemical neutrality, law of conservation of mass, and law of mass action, according to Stewart’s approach, hydrogen ion concentration is determined by three independent variables: (1) carbon dioxide tension, (2) total concentrations of weak acids such as albumin and phosphate, and (3) strong ion difference, also known as SID. It is important to understand that the main advantage of Stewart over the bicarbonate-centred approach is in the interpretation of metabolic acidosis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "High-pressure electrolysis"

1

Valderrama, César. "High-Pressure Electrolysis." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 933–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_2123.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Valderrama, César. "High-Pressure Electrolysis." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_2123-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Böhm, Sebastian, Heiko van der Linden, Albert van den Berg, Wouter Olthuis, and Piet Bergveld. "High Pressure Gas-Liquid Mixtures Generated in a Micro-Electrolysis Cell." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2000, 611–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2264-3_143.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Wirkert, F. J., J. Roth, U. Rost, and M. Brodmann. "A novel PEM Electrolysis System with Dynamic Hydraulic Compression for an Optimized High-pressure Operation." In NEIS Conference 2016, 169–74. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15029-7_26.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Mellander, B. E., I. Albinsson, and J. R. Stevens. "Ion Transport Mechanisms in Polymer Electrolytes at Normal and High Pressure." In NATO ASI Series, 17–23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2480-3_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Gomes, João, Jaime Puna, António Marques, Jorge Gominho, Ana Lourenço, Rui Galhano, and Sila Ozkan. "Clean Forest – Project concept and preliminary results." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 1597–600. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_243.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of this project is to valorize forest biomass wastes into bioenergy, more precisely, production of 2nd generation synthetic biofuels, such as, biogas, biomethanol, bio-DME, etc., depending on process operating conditions, such as, pressure, temperature and type of solid catalyst used. The valorization of potential forest wastes biomass enhances the reduction of probability of occurrence of forest fires and, presents a major value for local communities, especially, in rural populations. Biogas produced can be burned as biofuel to produce heat and/or electricity, for instance, in cogeneration engines applied for domestic/industrial purposes. After the removal of forest wastes from the forest territory, this biomass is dried, grounded to reduce its granulometry and liquified at temperatures between 100-200 ºC. Then, using the electrocracking technology, this liquified biomass is mixed with an alkaline aqueous electrolyte located in an electrolyser (electrochemical reactor which performs an electrolysis process), using a potential catalyst, in order to produce syngas (fuel gas, mainly composed by CO, H2 and CO2). In a second reaction step, this syngas produced can be valorized in the production of synthetic biofuels, in a tubular catalytic reactor. The whole process is easy to implement and energetically, shows significative less costs than the conventional process of syngas gasification, as the energy input in conventional pyrolysis/gasification process is higher than 500 ºC, with higher pressures, while, in the electrochemical process, applied in this project, the temperatures are not higher than 70 ºC, with 4 bars of pressure, at maximum. Besides that, the input of energy necessary to promote the electrolysis process can be achieved with solar energy, using a photovoltaic panel. In the production of biogas in the catalytic reactor, there is another major value from this process, which is the co-production of water, as Sabatier reaction converts CO2 and H2 into biomethane (CH4) and steam water, at atmospheric pressure, with 300 ºC of temperature, maximum, with a high selective solid catalyst. Finally, it is expected to produce a new bio-oil from this kind of biomass, with properties more closer to a fossil fuel than wood bio-oils, which can be used as a fuel or as a diolefins/olefins source and, also, to produce, from forest biomass wastes, pyrolytic bio-oils with complementary properties and valorised characteristics. This can be used in wood treatment or as a phenol source, for several industrial applications. A new and valorised application can be found for forest biomass wastes, which can be incorporated in the biorefinery concept.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

"Urinary system." In Oxford Assess and Progress: Medical Sciences, edited by Jade Chow, John Patterson, Kathy Boursicot, and David Sales. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199605071.003.0022.

Full text
Abstract:
The kidneys are responsible for maintaining the constant chemical composition of body fluids. This process begins with high-pressure filtration in specialized glomerular capillaries located in the renal cortex. The pressure filtration produces an ultrafiltrate of plasma made up of the water and smaller molecules. As the fluid passes along the renal tubules, water, electrolytes, and non-electrolytes are reabsorbed in the required amounts by a process of selective reabsorption. Some active secretion of unwanted substances also occurs. Following this reabsorption the remaining tubule fluid is passed to the renal pelvis and then down the ureters to the bladder for storage until voided. The effort involved in all this is quite staggering. One-fifth of the daily cardiac output, about 1400 litres of whole blood, including 840 litres of plasma, passes through the kidneys. Of the 540 litres of plasma (the effective renal plasma flow) passing each day through the glomerular capillaries, one-fifth of the plasma water and small molecules are freely filtered at the glomeruli to produce about 170–180 litres per day of glomerular filtrate for the renal tubules. Since typically only 1–2 litres of urine are passed each day (that is about 1 ml per minute) 99 % of the initial filtrate is reabsorbed as the fluid passes along the renal tubules. In oliguria, urine production can fall below 300ml per day, as in severe dehydration. In situations causing polyuria, urine output can rise to several litres per day, or more, as in excessive water intake or untreated diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus. The kidney’s main functions are osmoregulation, acid–base balance, and the excretion of waste products of metabolism, notably urea. Osmoregulation is mostly under endocrine control by antidiuretic hormone and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Acid–base balance is driven mainly by the carbon dioxide partial pressure in renal tubule cells, although kidneys work together with lungs and the control of breathing in overall acid–base balance. The kidney has important endocrine functions. It is the source of erythropoietin, the hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in hypoxia.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Emmett, Stevan R., Nicola Hill, and Federico Dajas-Bailador. "Renal medicine." In Clinical Pharmacology for Prescribing. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199694938.003.0013.

Full text
Abstract:
The kidneys are of fundamental importance in the regu­lation of fluid and electrolytes, maintaining permissive extracellular fluid composition (salts and water), pH, and volume, while also mediating the removal of waste prod­ucts. Based on the anatomy of the nephron, three main processes occur in order to deliver this balance: glom­erular filtration, tubular secretion, and tubular resorption. Drugs can act at different sites within this system, so that functional equilibrium can be restored in various disease states (e.g. hypertension, heart failure, liver failure, neph­rotic syndrome). CKD is a long- term condition that lasts more than 3 months and affects the function of both kidneys. It results from any pathology that reduces renal functional capacity and produces a decrease in GFR to less than 60 mL/ min/ 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. Prevalence within the UK is high, particularly in the elderly and affects 6– 8% of the population. The most common cause of CKD is idiopathic (unknown, usually with small kidneys), then diabetes mellitus. In both, glom­erular damage and mesangial injury (causing metabolic and haemodynamic effects) occur. Mild- moderate essen­tial hypertension does not cause CKD. Knowledge of the functional anatomy of the proximal tubule and loop of Henle is essential in understanding therapeutic targets and treatment of pathologies, as each region and transporter system has a key role. In brief, the journey of solutes from the blood to the production of urine occurs at five main anatomical sites— the glom­erulus, the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle, the distal tubule (proximal part and distal part), and the collecting ducts (Figures 5.1 and 5.2). The glomerulus is a network of capillaries (like a ball of string), which merge with the nephron via Bowman’s cap­sule. It is the first site of filtration and the place where solutes, toxins, and small proteins are removed from the wider circulatory system, after delivery by the renal ar­teries (via an afferent arteriole). Blood and larger proteins remain in the arteriole and leave via an efferent branch, while the filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule. The afferent:efferent system ensures that a constant filtration pressure is maintained irrespective of variations in arterial pressure. The capillary bed is very large, so that permeability and filtration rates are high. A normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) i.e. 90– 120 mL/ min/ 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, depends on hydrostatic pressure, the colloid osmotic pressure and hydraulic per¬meability.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Cleland, John G. F., and Andrew L. Clark. "Chronic heart failure: definitions, investigation, and management." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 2728. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.16513.

Full text
Abstract:
Heart failure is a common clinical syndrome, often presenting with breathlessness, fatigue and peripheral oedema. It is predominantly a disease of older people. The prevalence is increasing, exceeding 2% of the adult population in developed countries. The pathophysiology of heart failure is complex. A common feature is salt and water retention, possibly triggered by a relative fall in renal perfusion pressure. Common aetiologies include ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, and valvular heart disease. The early diagnosis of heart failure relies on a low threshold of suspicion and screening of people at risk before the onset of obvious symptoms or signs. In patients with suspected heart failure, routine investigation with electrocardiography and blood tests for urea and electrolytes, haemoglobin and BNP/NT-proBNP are recommended. Low plasma concentrations of BNP/NT-proBNP exclude most forms of heart failure. Intermediate or high concentrations should prompt referral for echocardiography to identify possible causes of heart failure and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Patients can be classified as reduced (<40%) LVEF (HFrEF), normal (>50%) LVEF (HFnEF), or borderline (40–50%) LVEF (HFbEF). Currently HFbEF and HFnEF are managed similarly by current guidelines. Treatable causes for heart failure (e.g. valvular disease, tachyarrhythmias, thyrotoxicosis, anaemia or hypertension) should be identified and corrected. Patients with heart failure will generally benefit from lifestyle advice (diet, exercise, vaccination). Pharmacological therapy is given to improve symptoms and prognosis. Diuretic therapy is the mainstay for control of congestion and symptoms; it may be life-saving for patients with acute heart failure but its effect on long-term prognosis is unknown. For patients with HFrEF, either angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or, more recently, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors, combined with β‎-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (triple therapy) provide both symptomatic and prognostic benefit. Ivabridine may be added for those in sinus rhythm where the heart rate remains above 70 bpm. Whether digoxin still has a role in contemporary management is uncertain. Cardiac resynchronization therapy is appropriate for symptomatic patients with HFrEF if they are in sinus rhythm and have a broad QRS (>140 ms). Implantable defibrillators provide additional prognostic benefit in selected patients with an ejection fraction below 35%. For patients with HFnEF, treatments directed at comorbid conditions (e.g. hypertension, atrial fibrillation) and congestion (e.g. diuretics and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) are appropriate but there is no robust evidence that any treatment can improve prognosis. Heart transplantation or assist devices may be options for highly selected patients with endstage heart failure; many others may benefit from palliative care services. Effective management of chronic heart failure requires a coordinated multidisciplinary team, including heart failure nurse specialists, primary care physicians, and cardiologists. New treatments have improved the prognosis of heart failure substantially over the past two decades. The annual mortality is now probably less than 5% for patients with HFrEF receiving good contemporary care whose symptoms are stable and controlled. For patients with recurrent or recalcitrant congestion requiring admission to hospital, the prognosis is much worse. In-patient mortality is about 5% for those aged less than 75 years but threefold higher for older patients; mortality in the year after discharge ranges from 20% to 40% depending on age.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "High-pressure electrolysis"

1

Colling, Arthur K., and Robert J. Roy. "High Differential Pressure, Solid Polymer Electrolysis." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/972398.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Nason, John R., and Paul G. Tremblay. "High Pressure Water Electrolysis for the Space Station." In Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/871473.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lance, Nick, Michael Puskar, Lawrence Moulthrop, and John Zagaja. "High Pressure Water Electrolysis for Space Station EMU Recharge." In Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/881064.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Liang, Fupeng, Yi Qiao, Mengqin Duan, Na Lu, Jing Tu, and Zuhong Lu. "A High Pressure Nanofluidic Micro-Pump Based on H2O Electrolysis." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3m-nano.2018.8552228.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Murakami, Kota, Nobuaki Yabe, Hiroshi Suzuki, Kenichi Takai, Yukito Hagihara, and Yoru Wada. "Substitution of High-Pressure Charge by Electrolysis Charge and Hydrogen Environment Embrittlement Susceptibilities for Inconel 625 and SUS 316L." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93397.

Full text
Abstract:
Hydrogen-fuel-cell vehicles have been developed and the gaseous pressure in the current major storage tanks of the vehicles varies from 35 to 70 MPa because of the demand for the increase in running distance. Hydrogen refueling stations are required to be resistant to 100 MPa hydrogen gas and the alloys used for such stations are required to have an excellent resistance to hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE). The purposes of the present study are to substitute the high-pressure gaseous charge of hydrogen by electrolysis charge and to evaluate hydrogen degradation susceptibilities for Inconel 625 and SUS 316L in the environments substituted by electrolysis charge. Electrolysis hydrogen was charged to Inconel 625 and SUS 316L at various electrolysis fugacities and gaseous hydrogen was charged from 0.3 to 45 MPa hydrogen gas at 90°C. Hydrogen states and contents were compared using thermal desorption analysis (TDA). Hydrogen degradation susceptibilities were evaluated using the slow strain rate technique (SSRT) at a constant extension rate of 8.6×10−6 /s at room temperature. The fundamental properties of thermal hydrogen desorption for Inconel 625 and SUS 316L were first analyzed to compare the hydrogen states after hydrogen charge by electrolysis and high pressure. The peak temperatures and profiles of hydrogen desorption do not change with charging temperature. When hydrogen is charged by electrolysis and high pressure until hydrogen saturation at 90°C, the peak temperatures and profiles are the same in both environments. This means that hydrogen diffusion during and hydrogen states after hydrogen absorption are independent of charging method in spite of the differences in adsorption and dissociation reaction on the specimen surfaces. Using Sieverts law, the fugacity of electrolysis can transform into gaseous pressure. This indicates that high-pressure hydrogen environments in pipes or other components at hydrogen refueling stations can be substituted by electrolysis charge. Fracture strain in Inconel 625 decreases as hydrogen content charged by electrolysis increases, whereas that in SUS 316L does not change regardless of the hydrogen content of 161.5 mass ppm. Grain boundary fracture is observed on the surface of Inconel 625 absorbing a hydrogen content of 27.5 mass ppm, which corresponds to 59.2 MPa hydrogen gas at R.T using Sieverts law. In contrast, the fracture surfaces of SUS 316L hydrogen-charged at extremely high fugacities remain ductile dimples. Thus, hydrogen degradation susceptibility is much lower for SUS 316L than for Inconel 625.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Albers, Albert, Juan Ricardo Lauretta, and Pablo Leslabay. "Electrolytic Reactors for High Pressure Hydrogen Generation: Design and Simulation." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66641.

Full text
Abstract:
The implementation of hydrogen as a mass scale energy vector requires the development of simple, cheap and efficient technologies for its production, storage and transportation. Generating hydrogen through electrolysis of alkali solution directly under pressures up to 700bar without the intervention of any mechanical gas compression systems and the direct storage of the gases in appropriate tanks is a viable example of such a technology. The present study introduces the advantages of this production scheme and the major technical difficulties to be overcame on the design of a high pressure operating electrolytic reactor. In order to study the general system’s behavior, a numerical simulation method that includes all the relevant components is developed. To reduce the complexity of the initial model, the details of the electrochemical reaction taking place on each electrolytic cell is not covered and its effect is replaced with an energy efficiency curve derived from experimental observations. Despite this simplification, the characteristics of the system remain very complex and require the use of multi-physics simulation tools to describe the interactions between solids, liquid and gas, the temperature distribution and pressure, and the production of gas and heat in the reactor. In spite of the multiple coupling possibilities within the multiphysics software, the interaction of the modules proved challenging and required the manual introduction of further differential equations and physical expressions, along with auxiliary routines, to allow the convergence of the solution. The simulation method developed is validated by modeling a test reactor designed and constructed in the Instituto Tecnolo´gico de Buenos Aires for its installation in the Argentinean Antarctic, for which different test-run results are available for comparison.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Colling, Arthur K., and Robert J. Roy. "Development Status and Testing of High Differential Pressure SPE® Water Electrolysis Cells." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/981802.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Naito, Hitoshi, Takeshi Hoshino, and Toshihiro Tani. "Study on High Pressure Water Electrolysis for Energy Storage Device of Space Systems." In 10th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4128.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Schmitt, Edwin, Timothy Norman, Robert Roy, Cortney Mittelsteadt, Bryan Murach, and Kathryn Ogle. "Development Testing of High-Pressure Cathode Feed Water Electrolysis Cell Stacks for Microgravity Environments." In 41st International Conference on Environmental Systems. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5058.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Tennakoon, C. L. K., G. D. Hitchens, O. J. Murphy, T. D. Rogers, and C. E. Verostko. "Waste Processing Using a Packed Bed Electrolysis Reactor with Thermal Pretreatment at High Pressure." In International Conference on Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951742.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "High-pressure electrolysis"

1

Shimko, Martin A. High-Efficiency, Ultra-High Pressure Electrolysis With Direct Linkage to PV Arrays - Phase II SBIR Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/962737.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'High-pressure electrolysis' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography