Journal articles: 'High power laser plasma'

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Kiani, Leily, Tong Zhou, Seung-Whan Bahk, Jake Bromage, David Bruhwiler, E. Michael Campbell, Zenghu Chang, et al. "High average power ultrafast laser technologies for driving future advanced accelerators." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 08 (August 1, 2023): T08006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/08/t08006.

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Abstract Large scale laser facilities are needed to advance the energy frontier in high energy physics and accelerator physics. Laser plasma accelerators are core to advanced accelerator concepts aimed at reaching TeV electron electron colliders. In these facilities, intense laser pulses drive plasmas and are used to accelerate electrons to high energies in remarkably short distances. A laser plasma accelerator could in principle reach high energies with an accelerating length that is 1000 times shorter than in conventional RF based accelerators. Notionally, laser driven particle beam energies could scale beyond state of the art conventional accelerators. LPAs have produced multi GeV electron beams in about 20 cm with relative energy spread of about 2 percent, supported by highly developed laser technology. This validates key elements of the US DOE strategy for such accelerators to enable future colliders but extending best results to date to a TeV collider will require lasers with higher average power. While the per pulse energies envisioned for laser driven colliders are achievable with current lasers, low laser repetition rates limit potential collider luminosity. Applications will require rates of kHz to tens of kHz at Joules of energy and high efficiency, and a collider would require about 100 such stages, a leap from current Hz class LPAs. This represents a challenging 1000 fold increase in laser repetition rates beyond current state of the art. This whitepaper describes current research and outlook for candidate laser systems as well as the accompanying broadband and high damage threshold optics needed for driving future advanced accelerators.

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RUS, B., K. ROHLENA, J. SKÁLA, B. KRÁLIKOVÁ, K. JUNGWIRTH, J. ULLSCHMIED, K. J. WITTE, and H. BAUMHACKER. "New high-power laser facility PALS—prospects for laser–plasma research." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 2 (April 1999): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699172045.

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In this paper, we report on a new laser facility called PALS (Prague Asterix Laser System), which is currently under construction, and which will house the high-power iodine laser Asterix IV. Upon its completion in late 1999, the PALS facility will be capable of providing single- or multiple-pulse irradiation with a variable pulse duration ranging from 100 to 500 ps. Wavelengths available will be 1.315 μm, 658 nm, and 438 nm. The system will provide one main beam with energy up to 1200 J and two smaller auxiliary beams with a combined energy of up to 100 J. A wide variety of geometries and variable pulse timings is available. We assess PALS' potential for investigating the physics of laser plasmas in inertial confinement fusion, the development and applications of X-ray lasers, X-ray spectroscopy, and radiation transport, using multiple-pulse and extended beam capability.

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Lehmann, G., and K. H. Spatschek. "Laser-driven plasma photonic crystals for high-power lasers." Physics of Plasmas 24, no. 5 (May 2017): 056701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4977463.

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Křivková, Anna, Vojtěch Laitl, Elias Chatzitheodoridis, Lukáš Petera, Petr Kubelík, Antonín Knížek, Homa Saeidfirozeh, et al. "Morphology of Meteorite Surfaces Ablated by High-Power Lasers: Review and Applications." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 4869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104869.

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Under controlled laboratory conditions, lasers represent a source of energy with well-defined parameters suitable for mimicking phenomena such as ablation, disintegration, and plasma formation processes that take place during the hypervelocity atmospheric entry of meteoroids. Furthermore, lasers have also been proposed for employment in future space exploration and planetary defense in a wide range of potential applications. This highlights the importance of an experimental investigation of lasers’ interaction with real samples of interplanetary matter: meteorite specimens. We summarize the results of numerous meteorite laser ablation experiments performed by several laser sources—a femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser, the multislab ceramic Yb:YAG Bivoj laser, and the iodine laser known as PALS (Prague Asterix Laser System). The differences in the ablation spots’ morphology and their dependence on the laser parameters are examined via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and profilometry in the context of the meteorite properties and the physical characteristics of laser-induced plasma.

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Miriam Cheriyan, Renju, Nikhil Varghese, R. S. Sooraj, Kavya H. Rao, and N. Smijesh. "A Comprehensive Review on Amplification of Laser Pulses via Stimulated Raman Scattering and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Plasmas." Plasma 5, no. 4 (November 24, 2022): 499–539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma5040037.

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The demand for high-intensity lasers has grown ever since the invention of lasers in 1960, owing to their applications in the fields of inertial confinement fusion, plasma-based relativistic particle accelerators, complex X-ray and gamma-ray sources, and laboratory astrophysics. To create such high-intensity lasers, free-running lasers were either Q-switched or mode-locked to increase the peak power to the gigawatt range. Later, chirped pulse amplification was developed, allowing the generation of peak power up to 1012 W. However, the next generation of high-intensity lasers might not be able to be driven by the solid-state technology alone as they are already operating close to their damage thresholds. In this scenario, concepts of amplification based on plasmas has the potential to revolutionize the laser industry, as plasma is already a broken-down medium, and hence does not pose any problems related to the damage thresholds. On the other hand, there are many other aspects that need to be addressed before developing technologies based on plasma-based amplification, and they are being investigated via theoretical and numerical methods and supported by several experiments. In this report, we review the prospects of employing plasma as the medium of amplification by utilising stimulated scattering techniques, such as the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) techniques, to modulate high-power laser pulses, which would possibly be the key to the next generation of high-power lasers. The 1980s saw the commencement of research in this field, and possibilities of obtaining high peak powers were verified theoretically with the help of numerical calculations and simulations. The extent of amplification by these stimulated scattering schemes are limited by a number of instabilities such as forward Raman scattering (FRS), filamentation, etc., and here, magnetised plasma played an important role in counteracting these parasitic effects. The current research combines all these factors to experimentally realise a large-scale plasma-based amplifier, which can impact the high-energy laser industry in the near future.

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Civiš, Svatopluk, and Libor Juha. "High-power laser-plasma chemistry in planetary atmospheres." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S251 (February 2008): 473–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308022205.

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AbstractLarge laser sparks created by a single shot of a high-power laser system were used for the laboratory simulation of the chemical consequences of high-energy-density events (lightning, high-velocity impact) in planetary atmospheres, e.g., the early Earth's atmosphere.

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Morita, T., K. Nagashima, M. Edamoto, K. Tomita, T. Sano, Y. Itadani, R. Kumar, et al. "Anomalous plasma acceleration in colliding high-power laser-produced plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 26, no. 9 (September 2019): 090702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5100197.

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Rose, S. J. "High-power laser-produced plasmas and astrophysics." Laser and Particle Beams 9, no. 4 (December 1991): 869–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006613.

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The temperatures and the densities of plasmas produced by high-power lasers vary widely but in certain cases are similar to those found in astrophysical plasmas. In recent years our understanding of intense laser–matter interaction and the evolution of the resultingplasma has increased to the point where experiments can be designed to produce plasmas that allow astrophysical models to be tested. In this paper I review experimental work on laser-produced plasmas that is relevant to astrophysics. In the fields of highlyionized ion line identification and radiative opacity, relevant measurements have already been performed. Other experiments that could be performed with current laser facilities, including studies of X-ray nebula plasmas and complex radiation line transport, are described. In addition, experiments to investigate plasmas under more extreme conditions, which may be achievable with more powerful lasers, are mentioned.

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Zhou, Hong, Fei Li, Jun Wang, and Bao De Sun. "Microstructural Characterization of Thermal Barrier Coatings Glazed by a High Power Laser." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.247.

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Thermal barrier coatings have been widely used in in both energy and propulsion systems. Plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings have relatively high interconnected porosity and lamina structure, which bring out a low bond strength, and lead to a short thermal cycling life. Lasers can be used for modification of materials surface. In this paper, plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings were laser-glazed by a high power laser in order to modify the structures. The microstructure of laser-glazed TBCs is investigated. The change on surface roughness has been examined. The result indicates that a smooth and dense glazed surface with craters and a network of microcracks is obtained after laser-glazing. The laser-glazed region consists of a columnar microstructure. There are segmentation microcracks in the laser-glazed coatings, which don’t run through the coatings along thickness. Surface roughness has been reduced significantly for the laser treated ceramic coatings.

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Ke, Linda, Haihong Zhu, Jie Yin, and Xinbing Wang. "Effects of peak laser power on laser micro sintering of nickel powder by pulsed Nd:YAG laser." Rapid Prototyping Journal 20, no. 4 (June 10, 2014): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2012-0084.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the influence of the peak laser power on laser micro sintering 4-μm nickel powder using Q-switched 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser. Design/methodology/approach – Experimental study has been performed. Nickel powder with grain size of 4 μm has been utilized. A Q-switching duration of 20-25 μs and rate of 20-40 kHz have been used. Findings – The peak power intensity is so high that the metal particles and molten pool are blown away, leading to laser micro sintering not being successfully proceeded. The scanning line obtained by continuous-wave (CW) laser looks like a rod owing to balling effect. Using a suitable peak power intensity, a good-shaped sintering line can be obtained because the plasma can protect the molten metal from oxidation, and improve the wettability of the system. In addition, the plasma flattening effect may also contribute to the form of the good-shaped sintering line in pulsed laser sintering regime. Originality/value – The role of plasma induced by pulsed laser with high peak power intensity has been found during pulsed laser sintering under an ambient environment.

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Cairns, R. A., R. Bingham, P. Norreys, and R. Trines. "Laminar shocks in high power laser plasma interactions." Physics of Plasmas 21, no. 2 (February 2014): 022112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4864328.

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Siders, Galvin, Erlandson, Bayramian, Reagan, Sistrunk, Spinka, and Haefner. "Wavelength Scaling of Laser Wakefield Acceleration for the EuPRAXIA Design Point." Instruments 3, no. 3 (August 21, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments3030044.

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Scaling the particle beam luminosity from laser wakefield accelerators to meet the needs of the physics community requires a significant, thousand-fold increase in the average power of the driving lasers. Multipulse extraction is a promising technique capable of scaling high peak power lasers by that thousand-fold increase in average power. However, several of the best candidate materials for use in multipulse extraction amplifiers lase at wavelengths far from the 0.8–1.0 μm region which currently dominates laser wakefield research. In particular, we have identified Tm:YLF, which lases near 1.9 µm, as the most promising candidate for high average power multipulse extraction amplifiers. Current schemes to scale the laser, plasma, and electron beam parameters to alternative wavelengths are unnecessarily restrictive in that they stress laser performance gains to keep plasma conditions constant. In this paper, we present a new and more general scheme for wavelength scaling a laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) design point that provides greater flexibility in trading laser, plasma, and electron beam parameters within a particular design point. Finally, a multipulse extraction 1.9 µm Tm:YLF laser design meeting the EuPRAXIA project’s laser goals is discussed.

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Blyth, W. J., N. C. Woolsey, J. S. Wark, P. E. Young, A. Zigler, and S. J. Rose. "Production of a high-density, long scale-length iron plasma using a capillary discharge." Laser and Particle Beams 12, no. 4 (December 1994): 751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008569.

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The production of a long scale-length plasma of electron density 1020–1021 cm-3, measuring 10 X 0.5 mm using a laser-heated capillary discharge is reported. X-ray spectroscopic measurements have been performed which show that the plasma constituents can be varied by changing the material that lines the exit slit of the device. The capillary thus provides a useful source of large underdense plasmas created from solid materials suitable for laser-plasma interaction studies. Numerical simulations consistent with spectroscopic studies suggest that temperatures up to about 700 eV were achieved following irradiation of these plasmas by high-power laser light.

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PEGORARO, F., S. ATZENI, M. BORGHESI, S. BULANOV, T. ESIRKEPOV, J. HONRUBIA, Y. KATO, et al. "Production of ion beams in high-power laser–plasma interactions and their applications." Laser and Particle Beams 22, no. 1 (March 2004): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034604221048.

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Energetic ion beams are produced during the interaction of ultrahigh-intensity, short laser pulses with plasmas. These laser-produced ion beams have important applications ranging from the fast ignition of thermonuclear targets to proton imaging, deep proton lithography, medical physics, and injectors for conventional accelerators. Although the basic physical mechanisms of ion beam generation in the plasma produced by the laser pulse interaction with the target are common to all these applications, each application requires a specific optimization of the ion beam properties, that is, an appropriate choice of the target design and of the laser pulse intensity, shape, and duration.

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ENDO, Akira. "Laser Produced Plasma Light Sources. High Average Power Laser Produced Plasma EUV Light Sources." Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research 79, no. 3 (2003): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/jspf.79.240.

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NAFIL, RABEA Q., MONIKA SINGH, A. H. AL-JANABI, and R. P. SHARMA. "THz generation by the beating of two high intense laser beams." Journal of Plasma Physics 79, no. 5 (March 1, 2013): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377813000251.

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AbstractThe nonlinear coupling of two high-power laser beams in plasmas in the presence of a transverse, static electric field is investigated to generate a difference frequency terahertz (THz) radiation. The relativistic variation of electron mass in the presence of two high-power laser beams is responsible for producing a nonlinear current driving the THz radiation. For typical laser and plasma parameters, we report the efficiency of the order of ~10−4 for the current scheme.

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Krasik, Yakov, John Leopold, Guy Shafir, Yang Cao, Yuri Bliokh, Vladislav Rostov, Valery Godyak, et al. "Experiments Designed to Study the Non-Linear Transition of High-Power Microwaves through Plasmas and Gases." Plasma 2, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma2010006.

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The interaction of powerful sub-picosecond timescale lasers with neutral gas and plasmas has stimulated enormous interest because of the potential to accelerate particles to extremely large energies by the intense wakefields formed and without being limited by high accelerating gradients as in conventional accelerator cells. The interaction of extremely high-power electromagnetic waves with plasmas is though, of general interest and also to plasma heating and wake-field formation. The study of this subject has become more accessible with the availability of sub-nanosecond timescale GigaWatt (GW) power scale microwave sources. The interaction of such high-power microwaves (HPM) with under-dense plasmas is a scale down of the picosecond laser—dense plasma interaction situation. We present a review of a unique experiment in which such interactions are being studied, some of our results so far including results of our numerical modeling. Such experiments have not been performed before, self-channeling of HPM through gas and plasma and extremely fast plasma electron heating to keV energies have already been observed, wakefields resulting from the transition of HPM through plasma are next and more is expected to be revealed.

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Chakravarti, Sudarshan Kumar. "Self-Focusing of High-Power Laser Beam Through Cold Uniform Magnetized Plasma." International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 3, no. 11 (December 2, 2020): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47607/ijresm.2020.390.

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In present paper the determination of the spot size of an ultra-short laser beam in uniform magnetized plasma with a dominant cold plasma has been studied. The liner dispersion relation of the laser beam propagating in Magnetized plasma have been found. Magnetic field is set up and source dependent expansion method is applied to determining the spot size of the intense laser beam with gaussian profile. The transverse magnetization of plasma and its impact on the self-focusing property of the dense laser governing to reduction in critical power necessary to self-focusing beam is shown.

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Weng, Su-Ming, Zheng-Ming Sheng, Hui Xu, and Jie Zhang. "Vlasov-Fokker-Planck Simulations for High-Power Laser-Plasma Interactions." Communications in Computational Physics 11, no. 4 (April 2012): 1236–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.060710.040811s.

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AbstractA review is presented on our recent Vlasov-Fokker-Planck (VFP) simulation code development and applications for high-power laser-plasma interactions. Numerical schemes are described for solving the kinetic VFP equation with both electron-electron and electron-ion collisions in one-spatial and two-velocity (1D2V) coordinates. They are based on the positive and flux conservation method and the finite volume method, and these two methods can insure the particle number conservation. Our simulation code can deal with problems in high-power laser/beam-plasma interactions, where highly non-Maxwellian electron distribution functions usually develop and the widely-used perturbation theories with the weak anisotropy assumption of the electron distribution function are no longer in point. We present some new results on three typical problems: firstly the plasma current generation in strong direct current electric fields beyond Spitzer-Härm’s transport theory, secondly the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption at high laser intensity beyond Langdon’s theory, and thirdly the heat transport with steep temperature and/or density gradients in laser-produced plasma. Finally, numerical parameters, performance, the particle number conservation, and the energy conservation in these simulations are provided.

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HORA, HEINRICH. "Smoothing and stochastic pulsation at high power laser-plasma interaction." Laser and Particle Beams 24, no. 3 (September 2006): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034606060617.

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Stochastic pulsation of laser-plasma interaction in the range of a few to dozens of picoseconds, due to standing wave produced density ripples, needs more attention than in the past, in view of the recent developments. This is important if nanosecond laser pulses produce a pre-compression that is a thousand times the solid state density of DT for fast ignition as well as for treatment of ps laser interaction. The following is an updated summary of these properties where the laser beam smoothing is essential. The use of smoothing is not only an empirical game with experiments for improving the interaction, but it is necessary to be aware of the mechanisms involved for understanding how the pulsation is overcome, and conclusions can be derived systematically for further improvements and control of the phenomena.

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Offenberger, A. A., and R. Fedosejevs. "KrF laser produced plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 7, no. 3 (August 1989): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600007357.

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KrF and other short wavelength lasers are ideal candidates for producing hot dense plasmas since the laser energy can be absorbed with high efficiency by classical mechanisms, thereby virtually eliminating anomalous absorption and the production of non-thermal electrons. A high power KrF laser system employing optical beam multiplexing and stimulated Brillouin scattering to produce pulses as short as 1 ns and focused intensities on target of 1011−1014 W/cm2 has been developed for producing such plasmas and studying laser/plasma interaction phenomena. A variety of studies on absorption, transport, ablation, X-ray conversion and stimulated scattering instabilities have been pursued with this ¼ μm laser on single atomic number and multi-layer targets. This paper briefly describes some of the features of the KrF laser system and highlights some of the characteristics of the hot dense plasmas produced.

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Liu, Yue Hua, Xiang Dong Liu, Ming Chen, and Ming Wen Zhao. "Laser Ablation of Ti-Al Alloy in Vacuum and Air Environments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 2257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2257.

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The time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy of Ti-Al alloy plasma produced by the Nd:YAG high-power laser pulses with wavelength of 1064nm was investigated both in air and vacuum conditions. The comparative studies gave detailed insights that the plasmas produced in air were much hotter and denser. The quantitative descriptions indeed suggested that a cascade avalanche process would be happen followed by air plasma firstly, before the laser impacting the target surface. On the other hand, the laser energy may be considerably attenuated via hotter and denser plasma, the amount of laser energy on the target surface remarkably decreased in air condition. In addition, at high-power laser irradiance levels, there was an auto regulatory area near the target surface and the plasma parameters tend to be saturated

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Toci, Guido, Zeudi Mazzotta, Luca Labate, François Mathieu, Matteo Vannini, Barbara Patrizi, and Leonida A. Gizzi. "Conceptual Design of a Laser Driver for a Plasma Accelerator User Facility." Instruments 3, no. 3 (August 8, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments3030040.

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The purpose of the European project EuPRAXIA is to realize a novel plasma accelerator user facility. The laser driven approach sets requirements for a very high performance level for the laser system: pulse peak power in the petawatt range, pulse repetition rate of several tens of Hz, very high beam quality and overall stability of the system parameters, along with 24/7 operation availability for experiments. Only a few years ago these performances were considered unrealistic, but recent advances in laser technologies, in particular in the chirped pulse amplification (CPA) of ultrashort pulses and in high energy, high repetition rate pump lasers have changed this scenario. This paper discusses the conceptual design and the overall architecture of a laser system operating as the driver of a plasma acceleration facility for different applications. The laser consists of a multi-stage amplification chain based CPA Ti:Sapphire, using frequency doubled, diode laser pumped Nd or Yb solid state lasers as pump sources. Specific aspects related to the cooling strategy of the main amplifiers, the operation of pulse compressors at high average power, and the beam pointing diagnostics are addressed in detail.

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Baksht, R. B., I. M. Datsko, A. V. Fedunin, V. V. Loskutov, V. I. Oreshkin, A. G. Russkich, and A. V. Shishlov. "High-power imploding plasma for the X-ray laser." Laser and Particle Beams 12, no. 4 (December 1994): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008491.

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The Al–Mg photoresonant X-ray laser scheme study was carried out on the 1.4-MA GIT-4 generator with a 1.7-cm separation between the liner axis and the Mg target. The radiation power in the pumping line was (2–3).109 W/cm and the radiation power within the 45–60–A range was 3.11010 W/cm. The Mg VI and MG VII lines were found by the grating spectrograph.

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Zweben, S. J., J. Caird, W. Davis, D. W. Johnson, and B. P. Le Blanc. "Plasma turbulence imaging using high-power laser Thomson scattering." Review of Scientific Instruments 72, no. 1 (January 2001): 1151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319369.

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Feng, P. X., and B. James. "High Power Laser Raman Scattering from a Rarefied Plasma." Physica Scripta 63, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.regular.063a00479.

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Sharma, R. P., A. Monika, P. Sharma, P. Chauhan, and A. Ji. "Interaction of high power laser beam with magnetized plasma and THz generation." Laser and Particle Beams 28, no. 4 (October 19, 2010): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034610000583.

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AbstractThis paper presents an investigation of the excitation of a Tera hertz (THz) radiation by nonlinear interaction of a circularly polarized high power laser beam and density ripple in collisionless magneto plasma. The ponderomotive force due to the nonlinear interaction between the laser and density ripple generates a nonlinear current at a difference frequency. If the appropriate phase matching conditions are satisfied and the frequency of the ripple is appropriate, then this difference frequency can be brought in the THz range. Filamentation (self focusing) of a circularly polarized beam propagating along the direction of ambient magnetic field in plasma is first investigated within paraxial ray approximation. The beam gets focused when the initial power of the laser beam is greater than its critical power. Resulting localized beam couples with the pre-existing density ripple to produce a nonlinear current driving the THz radiation. Analytical expressions for the beam width of the laser beam, electric vector of the THz wave have been obtained. By changing the strength of the magnetic field, one can enhance or suppress the THz emission. For typical laser beam and plasma parameters with the incident laser power flux = 1014 W/cm2, laser beam radius (r0) = 40 µm, laser frequency (ω0) = 1014 rad/s and plasma density (n0) = 3 × 1018 cm−3, normalized ripple density amplitude (μ) = 0.3, the produced THz emission can be at the level of Giga watt in power.

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Zigler, A., R. W. Lee, and S. Mrowka. "Creation of X-ray laser media by high power laser heating of capillary discharge." Laser and Particle Beams 7, no. 3 (August 1989): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600007321.

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A large, high density, high temperature plasma has been produced by using a high power laser with a capillary electrical discharge. The laser beam is synchronized with the discharge to reach the plasma after it emerges several hundred microns from the capillary.

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Nam, C. H., W. Tighe, S. Suckewer, U. Feldman, and J. Seely. "Generation of XUV Spectra by Powerful Picosecond Laser." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 102 (1988): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100107705.

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AbstractThe development of laser action at wavelengths shorter than those of current X-ray lasers is being investigated along two fronts. In the first case, we are exploring the possibilities for laser action at 15.4 nm in Li-like AIXI and 12.9 nm in Li-like SiXII in a magnetically confined recombining plasma. Previous work on hydrogen-like carbon, CVI, led to lasing action at 18.2 nm. Recently, this has been applied to microscopy and first results from a soft X-ray laser microscope are presented. A new technique to generate shorter wavelength X-ray lasing involves the interaction of a high power laser with a preformed plasma. The Powerful Picosecond Laser (PP-Laser) System with an output power level of 20-30 GW and focussed power density of 1016- 1017W/cm2has recently become operational. The spectra of highly ionized atoms in the XUV region were recorded on a high resolution grazing incidence spectrometer for the PP-Laser beam interacting with different solid targets.

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HORA, HEINRICH. "Difference between relativistic petawatt-picosecond laser-plasma interaction and subrelativistic plasma-block generation." Laser and Particle Beams 23, no. 4 (October 2005): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034605050627.

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Some preliminary views are presented to the topic “Fast High Density Plasma Blocks Driven by Picosecond Terawatt Lasers” of the UWS-International Workshop 1–4 December 2004 in Sydney, Australia, underlining the motivation to explain the difference between the relativistic and the subrelativistic effects of ps-laser pulse interaction with plasma at powers above TW. This refers to specifically selected experimental and theoretical presentations at the workshop containing results for explaining the differences but also the important applications for studies on the fast ignitor scheme for application on nuclear fusion energy. One of the aims with relativistic proton beams is to realize conditions of spark ignition, while the subrelativistic case implies the generation of fast plasma blocks eventually with the possibility to ignite a fusion flame in uncompressed solid DT fuel for a power station with high efficiency.

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Boltaev, Ganjaboy S., Vyacheslav V. Kim, Mazhar Iqbal, Naveed A. Abbasi, Vadim S. Yalishev, Rashid A. Ganeev, and Ali S. Alnaser. "Application of 150 kHz Laser for High-Order Harmonic Generation in Different Plasmas." Photonics 7, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7030066.

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Application of high pulse repetition rate lasers opens the way for increasing the average flux of the high-order harmonics generating in the ions- and nanoparticles-containing plasmas ablated on the surfaces of various metal targets. We demonstrate the harmonic generation of 37 fs, 150 kHz, 1030 nm, 0.5 mJ pulses in different plasmas. The formation of plasma plumes on the surfaces of carbon, titanium, boron, zinc, and manganese targets was performed during laser ablation, using 250 fs pulses from the same laser. The ablation of the mixed powder of boron nanoparticles and silver microparticles was used for generation of harmonics with high yield. Harmonics up to the fortieth orders from the carbon plasma were obtained. The estimated conversion efficiencies in laser-produced plasmas were ≤10−5. The photon flux for a single harmonic generating in carbon plasma was estimated to be 8 × 1013 photons/s.

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KOYAMA, KAZUYOSHI, SHINICHI MASUDA, EISUKE MIURA, TAKAYUKI WATANABE, SUSUMU KATO, MASAHIRO ADACHI, and MITSUMORI TANIMOTO. "GENERATION OF HIGH-ENERGY ELECTRON BEAM BY LASER-PLASMA ACCELERATOR." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 03n04 (February 10, 2007): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207042161.

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An energy gain of the monoenergetic component of electrons γ were successfully increased to 25 MeV by decreasing an electron density ne to 4 × 1019 cm -3 and increasing a laser power PL to 4 TW. An empirical scaling law of the energy gain of γ ∝ PL/ne was derived from the experiment. A forward scattering spectrum of the laser pulse showed anti-Stokes satellite peaks up to third-order harmonics around a second harmonic light and a Stokes satellite peak around a laser wavelength, which indicated that a wakefield was excited in a self-modulation laser wakefield regime. A density modulation of wakefield was estimated at 60 ± 10 % from intensity ratios of satellite peaks. The empirical scaling law well agrees with results obtained at other institutes by using higher laser power of 10 ~ 30 TW .

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TZOUFRAS, M., C. HUANG, J. H. COOLEY, F. S. TSUNG, J. VIEIRA, and W. B. MORI. "Simulations of efficient laser wakefield accelerators from 1 to 100GeV." Journal of Plasma Physics 78, no. 4 (February 29, 2012): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377812000232.

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AbstractOptimization of laser wakefield acceleration involves understanding and control of the laser evolution in tenuous plasmas, the response of the plasma medium, and its effect on the accelerating particles. We explore these phenomena in the weakly nonlinear regime, in which the laser power is similar to the critical power for self-focusing. Using Particle-In-Cell simulations with the code QuickPIC, we demonstrate that a laser pulse can remain focused in a plasma channel for hundreds of Rayleigh lengths and efficiently accelerate a high-quality electron beam to 100GeV (25GeV) in a single stage with average gradient 3.6GV/m (7.2GV/m).

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Kirkwood, R. K., P. L. Poole, D. H. Kalantar, T. D. Chapman, S. C. Wilks, M. R. Edwards, D. P. Turnbull, et al. "Production of high fluence laser beams using ion wave plasma optics." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 20 (May 16, 2022): 200501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086068.

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Optical components for laser beams with high peak and averaged powers are being developed worldwide using stimulated plasma scattering that occurs when plasmas interact with intense, coherent light. After decades of pursuit of pulse compressors, mirrors, and other plasma based components that can be created by stimulated scattering from electron density perturbations forming on ultra-short time scales (e.g., via Stimulated Raman Scattering), more recent work has produced optical components on longer time scales allowing ion motion as well [via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS)]. In the most recent work, ion wave plasma optics have had success in producing pulses of focusable coherent light with high energy and fluence by operating on ns time scales and now promise to enable numerous applications. Experiments have further shown that in some parameter regimes, even simple plasma response models can describe the output of such optics with sufficient accuracy that they can be used as engineering tools to design plasma optics for future applications, as is already being done to control power deposition in fusion targets. In addition, the development of more sophisticated models promises to enable still higher performance from SBS driven plasma optical components under a wider range of conditions. The present status and most promising directions for future development of ion wave plasma optic techniques are discussed here.

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35

Purohit, G., P. K. Chauhan, and R. P. Sharma. "Excitation of an upper hybrid wave by a high power laser beam in plasma." Laser and Particle Beams 26, no. 1 (March 2008): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034608000074.

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AbstractIn the present investigation, the excitation of an upper hybrid wave (UHW) in a hot collisionless magneto-plasma by a relativistic laser beam propagating perpendicular to the static magnetic field and having its electric vector polarized along the direction of the static magnetic field (ordinary mode) is presented. Due to nonuniform intensity distribution of pump laser, the background electron concentration is modified. The amplitude of the UHW, which depends on the background electron concentration, is thus nonlinearly coupled with the laser beam. The effect of nonlinear coupling between the pump laser and UHW is studied. The effect of the relativistic electron mass nonlinearity and the relativistic self-focusing of the pump laser on the excitation of the UHW have been incorporated. The dynamics of the excitation of the UHW in different power domains of the laser beam is accordingly modified. It has been seen that the effect of changing the strength of the static magnetic field on the nonlinear coupling and the dynamics of the excitation of the UHW is significant. The focusing behavior of the UHW may find its relevance in the heating of plasmas near the upper hybrid resonance.

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36

Chagovets, Timofej. "Hydrogen targetry in laser-plasma physics." Low Temperature Physics 48, no. 8 (August 2022): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0012652.

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The development of various types of cryogenic target systems opens new opportunities for laser-matter interaction experiments. Existing systems of solid hydrogen targets, which are used with high-power laser systems for various experiments, including laser acceleration of protons, are considered. The details of target formation techniques are discussed. We also discussed some most challenging issues in target fabrication at low temperature and laser operation high repetition rate.

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Sharma, Prerana. "Excitation of electron plasma wave by filamented laser beam and third-harmonic generation in magneto plasma." Laser and Particle Beams 33, no. 3 (May 14, 2015): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034615000300.

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AbstractThe combined effects of filamentation and magnetic field on the third-harmonic generation of electromagnetic beams have been investigated considering extended paraxial rays in magneto plasma. The analysis is done using eikonal method in which eikonal and other relevant quantities are extended up to fourth power of r. The time scale of laser beam is chosen such that the relativistic mass variation of electron becomes dominated source of nonlinearity in refractive index. The expression for coupling between ultra-intense laser beam and electron plasma wave due to relativistic nonlinearity has been deduced. Interaction of the seed plasma wave with the incident filamented laser beam excites the plasma wave and generates third harmonics. The expressions for plasma wave power and third-harmonic power have been derived. The effect of the magnetic field on the power of plasma wave and the third-harmonic power has been carried out. The role of magnetic field has been found to decrease the power of plasma wave and so as the power of third harmonic. Our results can be helpful for various laser plasma diagnostics experiments in which magnetic field present externally or generated spontaneously in the high-power laser–plasma interaction.

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38

Zymaková, Anna, Martin Albrecht, Roman Antipenkov, Alexandr Špaček, Stefan Karatodorov, Ondřej Hort, Jakob Andreasson, and Jens Uhlig. "First experiments with a water-jet plasma X-ray source driven by the novel high-power–high-repetition rate L1 Allegra laser at ELI Beamlines." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 1778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577521008729.

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ELI Beamlines is a rapidly progressing pillar of the pan-European Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) project focusing on the development and deployment of science driven by high-power lasers for user operations. This work reports the results of a commissioning run of a water-jet plasma X-ray source driven by the L1 Allegra laser, outlining the current capabilities and future potential of the system. The L1 Allegra is one of the lasers developed in-house at ELI Beamlines, designed to be able to reach a pulse energy of 100 mJ at a 1 kHz repetition rate with excellent beam properties. The water-jet plasma X-ray source driven by this laser opens opportunities for new pump–probe experiments with sub-picosecond temporal resolution and inherent synchronization between pump and probe pulses.

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Dyson, A., and A. E. Dangor. "Laser beat wave acceleration of particles." Laser and Particle Beams 9, no. 2 (June 1991): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600003621.

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The laser beat wave programs at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and Ecole Polytechnique are reviewed. The techniques used to generate by multiphoton ionization the highly uniform plasmas needed for the beat wave are described. Evidence of the generation of a 2% plasma wave using laser beams at 1.064 and 1.053 μm is presented. The plasma wave suffers damping, possibly by the modulational instability. The use of a high-power short laser pulse for plasma-wave generation by the wake-field process is discussed. This process has the advantage that there is no resonance as in the beat wave, and since the plasma wave is generated on the time scale of the plasma period, instabilities are unlikely to be important.

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40

Campbell, P. T., C. A. Walsh, B. K. Russell, J. P. Chittenden, A. Crilly, G. Fiksel, L. Gao, et al. "Measuring magnetic flux suppression in high-power laser–plasma interactions." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 1 (January 2022): 012701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0062717.

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Mishchenko, V. A., Yu V. Petrushevich, D. N. Sobolenko, and A. N. Starostin. "High-power terahertz optically pumped NH3 laser for plasma diagnostics." Plasma Physics Reports 38, no. 6 (June 2012): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x12060074.

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Shcheglov, P. Yu, A. V. Gumenyuk, I. B. Gornushkin, M. Rethmeier, and V. N. Petrovskiy. "Vapor–plasma plume investigation during high-power fiber laser welding." Laser Physics 23, no. 1 (November 20, 2012): 016001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1054-660x/23/1/016001.

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Willingale, L., P. M. Nilson, A. G. R. Thomas, S. S. Bulanov, A. Maksimchuk, W. Nazarov, T. C. Sangster, C. Stoeckl, and K. Krushelnick. "High-power, kilojoule laser interactions with near-critical density plasma." Physics of Plasmas 18, no. 5 (May 2011): 056706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3563438.

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44

Li, Yu-Tong, Wei-Min Wang, Chun Li, and Zheng-Ming Sheng. "High power terahertz pulses generated in intense laser—plasma interactions." Chinese Physics B 21, no. 9 (September 2012): 095203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/21/9/095203.

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45

Gaeta, Celestino J., Harry Rieger, I. C. Edmond Turcu, Richard A. Forber, Serge M. Campeau, Kelly L. Cassidy, Michael J. Powers, et al. "High-Power Compact Laser-Plasma Source for X-ray Lithography." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 41, Part 1, No. 6B (June 30, 2002): 4111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.41.4111.

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46

Consoli, F., P. L. Andreoli, M. Cipriani, G. Cristofari, R. De Angelis, G. Di Giorgio, L. Duvillaret, et al. "Sources and space–time distribution of the electromagnetic pulses in experiments on inertial confinement fusion and laser–plasma acceleration." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2189 (December 7, 2020): 20200022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0022.

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When high-energy and high-power lasers interact with matter, a significant part of the incoming laser energy is transformed into transient electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) in the range of radiofrequencies and microwaves. These fields can reach high intensities and can potentially represent a significative danger for the electronic devices placed near the interaction point. Thus, the comprehension of the origin of these electromagnetic fields and of their distribution is of primary importance for the safe operation of high-power and high-energy laser facilities, but also for the possible use of these high fields in several promising applications. A recognized main source of EMPs is the target positive charging caused by the fast-electron emission due to laser–plasma interactions. The fast charging induces high neutralization currents from the conductive walls of the vacuum chamber through the target holder. However, other mechanisms related to the laser–target interaction are also capable of generating intense electromagnetic fields. Several possible sources of EMPs are discussed here and compared for high-energy and high-intensity laser–matter interactions, typical for inertial confinement fusion and laser–plasma acceleration. The possible effects on the electromagnetic field distribution within the experimental chamber, due to particle beams and plasma emitted from the target, are also described. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)’.

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47

Riconda, C., and S. Weber. "Plasma optics: A perspective for high-power coherent light generation and manipulation." Matter and Radiation at Extremes 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 023001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0138996.

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Over the last two decades, the importance of fully ionized plasmas for the controlled manipulation of high-power coherent light has increased considerably. Many ideas have been put forward on how to control or change the properties of laser pulses such as their frequency, spectrum, intensity, and polarization. The corresponding interaction with a plasma can take place either in a self-organizing way or by prior tailoring. Considerable work has been done in theoretical studies and in simulations, but at present there is a backlog of demand for experimental verification and the associated detailed characterization of plasma-optical elements. Existing proof-of-principle experiments need to be pushed to higher power levels. There is little doubt that plasmas have huge potential for future use in high-power optics. This introduction to the special issue of Matter and Radiation at Extremes devoted to plasma optics sets the framework, gives a short historical overview, and briefly describes the various articles in this collection.

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Campbell, E. M., T. C. Sangster, V. N. Goncharov, J. D. Zuegel, S. F. B. Morse, C. Sorce, G. W. Collins, et al. "Direct-drive laser fusion: status, plans and future." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2189 (December 7, 2020): 20200011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0011.

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Laser-direct drive (LDD), along with laser indirect (X-ray) drive (LID) and magnetic drive with pulsed power, is one of the three viable inertial confinement fusion approaches to achieving fusion ignition and gain in the laboratory. The LDD programme is primarily being executed at both the Omega Laser Facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics and at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. LDD research at Omega includes cryogenic implosions, fundamental physics including material properties, hydrodynamics and laser–plasma interaction physics. LDD research on the NIF is focused on energy coupling and laser–plasma interactions physics at ignition-scale plasmas. Limited implosions on the NIF in the ‘polar-drive’ configuration, where the irradiation geometry is configured for LID, are also a feature of LDD research. The ability to conduct research over a large range of energy, power and scale size using both Omega and the NIF is a major positive aspect of LDD research that reduces the risk in scaling from OMEGA to megajoule-class lasers. The paper will summarize the present status of LDD research and plans for the future with the goal of ultimately achieving a burning plasma in the laboratory. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)’.

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Zaraś-Szydłowska, Agnieszka, Jan Badziak, Marcin Rosiński, Józef Makowski, Piotr Parys, Marek Piotrowski, Leszek Ryć, and Jerzy Wołowski. "High Power Laser Laboratory at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion: equipment and preliminary research." Nukleonika 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2015-0054.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the newly-opened High Power Laser Laboratory (HPLL) at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM). This article describes the laser, the main laboratory accessories and the diagnostic instruments. We also present preliminary results of the first experiment on ion and X-ray generation from laser-produced plasma that has been already performed at the HPLL.

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Mahdieh, Mohammad Hossein, and Sahar Hosseinzadeh. "Numerical study of radiative opacity for carbon and aluminum plasmas produced by high power pulsed lasers." Laser and Particle Beams 31, no. 2 (May 9, 2013): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034613000244.

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AbstractIn this paper, the opacity of plasma in local thermodynamic equilibrium condition was investigated numerically. The plasma was assumed to be produced by interaction of high power pulse laser with carbon and aluminum. Spectrally resolved opacities under different plasma temperature and density conditions were calculated and radiative absorption due to three absorption mechanisms; inverse bremsstrahlung, photo-ionization, and line absorption in plasmas was studied numerically. The purpose of this study is to calculate the values of absorption for inverse bremsstrahlung and photo-ionization processes for aluminum and carbon plasmas and to compare them for those of cold matter. In this investigation, the influences of density and temperature on plasma absorption were evaluated. The calculation results show that the opacity strength strongly depends on the plasma temperature and density.

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Journal articles on the topic 'High power laser plasma'

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