Journal articles on the topic 'High-performance photocatalysts'
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1
Thattil, Preeja P., and A. Leema Rose. "High Photocatalytic Performance of Modified Bismuth Oxychloride Semiconductor under Sunlight." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370402.
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In recent years, the bismuth compounds have gained much interest due to their potential applications in the field of Photocatalysis. In our present work, Bismuth oxychloride Photocatalyst and Aluminium fluoride doped Bismuth oxychloride photocatalyst were synthesized by simple chemical methods using Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate as the precursor. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by different analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction analyses, Ultra Violet –Diffuse reflectance spectrum, Field Emission – Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray analyses,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies and BET surface area analysis. The photocatalytic performances of the as-synthesized doped and undoped Bismuth oxychloride photocatalyst were tested towards the degradation of Acid green 1 dye. The parameters such as the effect of pH, catalyst concentration and initial dye concentration are optimized, and the kinetic studies are carried out for the photocatalytic dye degradation process. The experimental results showed that about 80% of the Acid green 1 dye got decolourized within 90 minutes by effective air purging under natural sunlight radiation in the presence of the AlF-BiOCl photocatalyst under optimized conditions.
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Hu, Xuefeng, Ting Luo, Yuhan Lin, and Mina Yang. "Construction of Novel Z-Scheme g-C3N4/AgBr-Ag Composite for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants under Visible Light." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111309.
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As a green and sustainable technology to relieve environmental pollution issues, semiconductor photocatalysis attracted great attention. However, most single-component semiconductors suffer from high carrier recombination rate and low reaction efficiency. Here, we constructed a novel visible-light-driven Z-scheme g-C3N4/AgBr-Ag photocatalyst (noted as CN-AA-0.05) using a hydrothermal method with KBr as the bromine source. The CN-AA-0.05 photocatalyst shows an excellent photocatalytic degradation performance, and a rhodamine B (RhB) degradation ratio of 96.3% in 40 min, and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) degradation ratio of 99.2% in 18 min are achieved. Mechanistic studies show that the remarkable performance of CN-AA-0.05 is not only attributed to the enhanced light absorption caused by the Ag SPR effect, but also the efficient charge transfer and separation with Ag nanoparticles as the bridge. Our work provides a reference for the design and construction of efficient visible-light-responsive Z-scheme photocatalysts, and an in-depth understanding into the mechanism of Z-scheme photocatalysts.
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Tigabu Bekele, Mekonnen. "Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of selected transition metal nanoparticles: review." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 6, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001084.
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Photocatalysis has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to its potential in solving energy and environmental issues. Efficient light absorption and charge separation are two of the key factors for the exploration of high-performance photocatalytic systems, which are generally difficult to obtain from a single photocatalyst. The combination of various materials to form heterojunctions provides an effective way to better harvest solar energy and facilitate charge separation and transfer, thus enhancing photocatalytic activity and stability. This review concisely summarizes the recent development of visible light responsive heterojunctions, including the preparation and performance of semiconductor/semiconductor junctions and semiconductor/metal junctions and their mechanism for enhancing light harvesting and charge separation/transfer. In this regard, this review presents some unitary, binary and ternary CeO2 photocatalysts used for the degradation of organic pollutants. We expect this review to provide the type of guidelines for readers to gain a clear picture of nanotechnology and the fabrication and application of different types of heterostructured photocatalysts.
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Hong, Xiaodong, Xu Wang, Yang Li, Jiawei Fu, and Bing Liang. "Progress in Graphene/Metal Oxide Composite Photocatalysts for Degradation of Organic Pollutants." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080921.
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The sewage discharge of industrial wastewater seriously pollutes the water source and rivers, which is very harmful to the health of humans and wildlife. Among those methods for treating wastewater, photocatalysis is a sustainable and environmental-friendly technique for removing the organic pollutants with no secondary pollution. As a popular photocatalyst, graphene/metal oxide nanocomposites have been widely reported in the photocatalysis field. In this review, the recent progress of graphene/metal oxide composites including binary and ternary composites is summarized in detail. The synthesis, microstructure design, and application performance of graphene/TiO2, graphene/ZnO, graphene/SnO2, graphene/WO3, graphene/Fe2O3, and graphene/Cu2O composites are introduced firstly. Then, the synthesis, the selection of components, and the performance of various ternary composites are summarized specifically, including graphene/TiO2-, graphene/ZnO-, graphene/SnO2-, graphene/Cu2O-, graphene/FexOy-, and graphene/Bi-containing ternary composites. At last, the possible research directions of graphene/metal oxide nanocomposites are put forward. The main purpose is to provide a theoretical guidance for designing high-performance graphene/metal oxide photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.
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Ji, Zhilin, Hongwei Wang, and Xilin She. "A Novel CdS Quantum Dots Decorated 3D Bi2O2CO3 Hierarchical Nanoflower with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091046.
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Heterojunction engineering has shown great potential in the field of photocatalysis to deal with environmental pollutants. The design and synthesis of heterojunction photocatalysts with high efficiency and stability still face great challenges. In this work, a novel CdS quantum dots (QDs) decorated 3D Bi2O2CO3 hierarchical nanoflower heterojunction photocatalyst (Bi2O2CO3/CdS QDs) was synthesized to investigate the photocatalytic Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation performance. CdS QDs were evenly distributed on the surface of the Bi2O2CO3 nanoflower. Bi2O2CO3/CdS QDs showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic RhB degradation performance compared with pristine Bi2O2CO3 and CdS QDs. The enhanced photocatalytic performance was attributed to the synergistic effect of hierarchical structure and heterojunction, which greatly increased the active sites of the reaction and the photogenerated carriers transfer.
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Cheng, Ruolin, Elke Debroye, Johan Hofkens, and Maarten B. J. Roeffaers. "Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with MIL-100(Fe)-CsPbBr3 Composites." Catalysts 10, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111352.
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Bromide-based metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising photocatalysts with strong blue-green light absorption. Composite photocatalysts of MHPs with MIL-100(Fe), as a powerful photocatalyst itself, have been investigated to extend the responsiveness towards red light. The composites, with a high specific surface area, display an enhanced solar light response, and the improved charge carrier separation in the heterojunctions is employed to maximize the photocatalytic performance. Optimization of the relative composition, with the formation of a dual-phase CsPbBr3 to CsPb2Br5 perovskite composite, shows an excellent photocatalytic performance with 20.4 μmol CO produced per gram of photocatalyst during one hour of visible light irradiation.
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He, Kang, Yu Chen, and Mengjun Mei. "Study on influencing factors of photocatalytic performance of CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite concrete." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (November 27, 2020): 1160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0074.
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AbstractIn this study, a high-energy ball mill was used to composite nano-TiO2 and CdS, and three kinds of nanocomposite photocatalysts TiO2, CdS/TiO2-R400, and CdS/TiO2-R600 were prepared, which can respond to visible light. The photocatalytic concrete test block was prepared by mixing the nanocomposite photocatalyst and other masses with cement by incorporation method. To study the effect of the photocatalyst content on the photocatalytic performance of nanoconcrete, a total of four catalyst contents (0, 2%, 5%, and 8%) were set. The effects of high-temperature treatment (400°C) and different light sources (ultraviolet and visible light) on photocatalytic efficiency were also considered. The results show that the catalytic efficiency of CdS/TiO2-R400 under two light sources is higher than that of the other two photocatalysts. Compared to ultraviolet light sources, the photocatalytic efficiency of CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite concrete under visible light is lower, and the efficiency is below 9%. The optimal amounts of CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst under ultraviolet and visible light are 2% and 5%, respectively. The high-temperature treatment can improve the photocatalytic performance of CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst by 2% to 3%.
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Ibrahim, Islam, George V. Belessiotis, Michalis K. Arfanis, Chrysoula Athanasekou, Athanassios I. Philippopoulos, Christiana A. Mitsopoulou, George Em Romanos, and Polycarpos Falaras. "Surfactant Effects on the Synthesis of Redox Bifunctional V2O5 Photocatalysts." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 4665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204665.
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Novel V2O5 bifunctional photocatalysts were prepared following a wet chemical process with the addition of anionic or non-ionic surfactants into the precursor solution and further heating under reflux. Detailed characterization and investigation of the relevant light-matter interactions proved that surfactants addition had a strong impact on the morphology, while also affecting the crystallinity, the optoelectronic properties, and the surface chemistry of the novel photocatalysts. The most efficient photocatalyst (T80) was based on tween 80, a surface-active agent employed for the first time in the synthesis of vanadium oxide materials. T80 presented crystalline nature without structural defects, which are usually centers of e− − h+ recombination. This material also exhibited small crystal size, high porosity, and short migration paths for the charge carriers, enabling their effective separation during photocatalysis. Under UV light illumination, T80 was capable to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent up to 70% and showed high yields in degrading methylene blue azo-dye and tetracycline antibiotic water pollutants. This remarkably high bifunctional performance defines T80 as a promising and capable photocatalytic material for both advanced oxidation and reduction processes (AOPs-ARPs).
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Bak, Tadeusz, Truls Norby, Janusz Nowotny, Maria K. Nowotny, and Nikolaus Sucher. "Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst - Unresolved Problems." Solid State Phenomena 162 (June 2010): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.162.77.
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The present work considers the performance of TiO2-based photosensitive oxide semiconductors as photocatalysts for water purification. This paper brings together the concepts of solid state chemistry for nonstoichiometric compounds and the concepts of photocatalysis in order to discuss the reactivity between TiO2 and water including microorganisms (bacteria and viruses). The performance of TiO2 photocatalysts are considered in terms of a model of photoelectrochemical cell. The experimental data on photocatalytic removal of microorganisms from water are considered in terms of the effect of several properties, including pH, dispersion, light intensity, and temperature. It is argued that correct understanding of the performance of TiO2 photocatalysts requires recognition that properties of TiO2, which is a nonstoichiometric compound, are determined by defect disorder and the related ability to donate or accept electrons. The photocatalytic properties of TiO2 are considered in terms of the reactivity of both anodic and cathodic sites with water and the related charge transfer at the TiO2/H2O interface. It is shown that the formation of well defined photocatalysts requires knowledge of mass and charge transfer during processing and performance, respectively. The main hurdles in the development of high-performance photocatalysts are discussed.
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Zhen, Yanzhong, Chunming Yang, Huidong Shen, Wenwen Xue, Chunrong Gu, Jinghao Feng, Yuecheng Zhang, Feng Fu, and Yucang Liang. "Photocatalytic performance and mechanism insights of a S-scheme g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 heterostructure in phenol degradation and hydrogen evolution reactions under visible light." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 45 (2020): 26278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp02199g.
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Photocatalysis with sustainable utilization and low cost is an environmentally benign method for the degradation of organic pollutants, but the rational design and fabrication of photocatalysts with high catalytic performance is still an challenge.
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Kingsly Tian Chee Cheah and Jing Yao Sum. "Synthesis and evaluation of Fe-doped zinc oxide photocatalyst for methylene blue and congo red removal." Progress in Energy and Environment 22, no. 1 (November 21, 2022): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/progee.22.1.1328.
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Zinc oxide is one of the most common photocatalysts utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of synthetic dyes aside from titanium dioxide. However, the application of ZnO in the treatment of wastewater containing synthetic dyes is limited due to the high energy band gap which allows ZnO to be efficient upon irradiation with ultraviolet radiation only. This study aims to evaluate the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the zinc oxide photocatalyst and its derivatives, specifically 0.25, 0.5, 2.5 and 5 mol% Fe(II)-doped ZnO, 0.25, 0.5, 2.5 and 5 mol% Fe(III)-doped ZnO and 2.5 mol% Fe(II)-Fe(III)-doped ZnO. The performance of the photocatalysts was evaluated based on the effect of solution pH, effect of photocatalyst loading and nature of dye. The synthesis of photocatalysts were done using sol-gel synthesis method, and photodegradation tests were carried out under visible light exposure for 60 minutes. The photocatalysts were characterized with SEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The optical characterization results show that 2.5 mol% Fe(II)-Fe(III)-doped ZnO has the lowest band gap energy of 3.401 eV which was estimated using Tauc’s plot. This further validated the degradation performance of the 2.5 mol% Fe(II)-Fe(III)-doped ZnO photocatalyst where it displayed the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiencies at all pH and photocatalyst loading. The highest degradation achieved using methylene blue was 94.21% and 32.97% using congo red as model solute at optimum pH and 300 mg/L photocatalyst loading. In overall, the present study has proven that Fe-doped photocatalysts have the potential for the degradation of various synthetic dyes upon irradiation with visible light.
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Wang, Shifa, Xinmiao Yu, Huajing Gao, and Xiangyu Chen. "Hexagonal Ferrite MFe12O19 (M=Sr, Ba, Cu, Ni, Pb) Based Photocatalysts: Photoluminescence, Photocatalysis and Applications." Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering Technology 10 (December 31, 2022): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-8741.2022.10.06.
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Hexagonal ferrite (MFe12O19, M=Sr, Ba, Cu, Ni, Pb) is a kind of semiconductor material with excellent performance and an important magnetic material, with high chemical and thermal stability, low cost, simple preparation process, excellent optical, magnetic, wave-absorbing, dielectric, photoluminescence properties and catalytic activities have been widely used in broadcast communication, information storage, aerospace, automatic control, catalytic synthesis, medicine and biology and many other fields. This paper focuses on the application of MFe12O19-based ferrite in the field of photocatalysis, and further discusses the effect of preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of MFe12O19-based photocatalysts. The application of MFe12O19-based photocatalysts in the degradation of dyes, drugs and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was deeply revealed, and the photocatalytic mechanisms of single-phase MFe12O19, ion-doped MFe12O19 and MFe12O19-based composite photocatalysts were also explored. The relationship between photocatalytic activity and photoluminescence properties of MFe12O19-based photocatalysts have also been investigated. This review points out the direction for further research on the application of MFe12O19-based photocatalysts in the field of photocatalysis.
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Ramli, Raihan Mahirah, Chong Fai Kait, and Abdul Aziz Omar. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Diisopropanolamine in Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton System." Advanced Materials Research 917 (June 2014): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.917.160.
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Photodegradation of 100 ppm diisopropanolamine (DIPA) was studied employing heterogeneous photo-Fenton system using iron modified TiO2 photocatalyst. A series of Fe/TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared via hydrolysis-hydrothermal and wet impregnation methods. Photocatalysts prepared using wet impregnation method was found to have similar activity under both UV and visible light. Addition of H2O2 during the photodegradation study obviously promoted the COD removal efficiency. When stoichiometric concentration of H2O2 was added, as high as 80% of COD was removed within 1.5 h reaction. Further modification is required to increase the photocatalyst performance in photodegradation of DIPA.
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Zhang, Caomeng, Shijie Zhong, Qun Li, Yuanpeng Ji, Liwei Dong, Guisheng Zhang, Yuanpeng Liu, and Weidong He. "Heterostructured Nanoscale Photocatalysts via Colloidal Chemistry for Pollutant Degradation." Crystals 12, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12060790.
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With the further acceleration in the industrialization process, organic pollutants and gas pollution in the environment have posed severe threats to human health. It has been a global challenge regarding achieving an efficient solution to pollutant degradation. In such a context, photocatalysts have attracted researchers’ attention for their simplicity, efficiency, cleanliness and low cost. However, the single photocatalyst is facing a research bottleneck owing to its narrow light absorption spectrum and high photocarrier recombination rate. Given that heterojunctions can achieve efficient separation of photogenerated carriers in space, constructing heterostructured photocatalysts has become the most perspective method to improve the performance of photocatalysts. Furthermore, nanoparticles prepared through colloidal chemistry have the characteristics of high dispersion, stability and adsorption, further enhancing the degradation efficiency of heterostructured photocatalysts. This article reviews the primary methods for preparing heterostructured photocatalysts through colloidal chemistry, classifies the heterojunction types by transport routes of photogenerated carriers and summarizes the recent progress of heterostructured photocatalysts in pollutant degradation. To implement environmental remediation, it is crucial to explore economical and efficient photocatalysts for practical applications. It is hoped that this review will stimulate further exploration of colloidal heterostructured photocatalysts for pollutant degradation.
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Liu, Xiaoyan, Siyi Lv, Baoyan Fan, An Xing, and Bi Jia. "Ferroelectric Polarization-Enhanced Photocatalysis in BaTiO3-TiO2 Core-Shell Heterostructures." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2019): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081116.
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Suppressing charge recombination and improving carrier transport are key challenges for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity of heterostructured photocatalysts. Here, we report a ferroelectric polarization-enhanced photocatalysis on the basis of BaTiO3-TiO2 core-shell heterostructures synthesized via a hydrothermal process. With an optimal weight ratio of BaTiO3 to TiO2, the heterostructures exhibited the maximum photocatalytic performance of 1.8 times higher than pure TiO2 nanoparticles. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the promotion of charge separation and transport based on the internal electric field originating from the spontaneous polarization of ferroelectric BaTiO3. High stability of polarization-enhanced photocatalysis is also confirmed from the BaTiO3-TiO2 core-shell heterostructures. This study provides evidence that ferroelectric polarization holds great promise for improving the performance of heterostructured photocatalysts.
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Shi, Weilong, Mingyang Li, Hongji Ren, Feng Guo, Xiliu Huang, Yu Shi, and Yubin Tang. "Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi2O4 microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (July 4, 2019): 1360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.134.
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Photocatalysis is considered to be a promising technique for the degradation of organic pollutants. Herein, a 0D/1D composite photocatalyst consisting of Au nanoparticles (NPs) and CuBi2O4 microrods (Au/CBO) was designed and prepared by a simple thermal reduction–precipitation approach. It shows excellent photocatalytic performance in the degradation of tetracycline (TC). The maximum photocatalytic degradation rate constant for Au/CBO composites with 2.5 wt % Au NPs was 4.76 times as high as that of bare CBO microrods. Additionally, the 0D/1D Au/CBO composite also exhibited ideal stability. The significant improvement of the photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the improved light harvesting and increased specific surface area, enhancing photoresponse and providing more active sites. Our work shows a possible design of efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
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Li, Chao, Huijuan Li, Guicheng He, Zhiwu Lei, and Wenyuan Wu. "Preparation and Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO/Sepiolite Composite Materials." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (June 16, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5357843.
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Photocatalytic technology is a widely used water treatment method, whose efficiency can be increased by developing a suitable photocatalyst fabrication procedure. In this study, five different synthesis methods were utilised for the preparation of novel ZnO/sepiolite photolytic composites, namely, sol-gel method, hydrothermal reduction, hydrolytic precipitation, powder sintering, and impregnation-reduction. The obtained photocatalysts were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The differences between the applied photocatalyst preparation methods and the reasons for these differences were discussed, and the photocatalytic activities of the prepared composite materials were compared. The obtained results revealed that the physical structure, chemical properties, and photocatalytic performance of the composite produced by the sol-gel method were superior to those of the materials fabricated by the other four methods. Moreover, this material also exhibited high photocatalytic stability, while its photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye proceeded via a quasi-first-order reaction. The prepared composites have broad application prospects in photocatalysis and can be potentially used for treating environmental pollutants.
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Zhang, Fubao, Xianming Wang, Haonan Liu, Chunli Liu, Yong Wan, Yunze Long, and Zhongyu Cai. "Recent Advances and Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalytic Technology." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 18, 2019): 2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122489.
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Along with the development of industry and the improvement of people’s living standards, peoples’ demand on resources has greatly increased, causing energy crises and environmental pollution. In recent years, photocatalytic technology has shown great potential as a low-cost, environmentally-friendly, and sustainable technology, and it has become a hot research topic. However, current photocatalytic technology cannot meet industrial requirements. The biggest challenge in the industrialization of photocatalyst technology is the development of an ideal photocatalyst, which should possess four features, including a high photocatalytic efficiency, a large specific surface area, a full utilization of sunlight, and recyclability. In this review, starting from the photocatalytic reaction mechanism and the preparation of the photocatalyst, we review the classification of current photocatalysts and the methods for improving photocatalytic performance; we also further discuss the potential industrial usage of photocatalytic technology. This review also aims to provide basic and comprehensive information on the industrialization of photocatalysis technology.
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Khiari, Mouna, Mickaël Gilliot, Michaël Lejeune, Florica Lazar, and Aomar Hadjadj. "Effects of Ag Nanoparticles on Zinc Oxide Photocatalytic Performance." Coatings 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040400.
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We used a sol–gel spin coating technique to synthesize nanocomposite thin films based on zinc oxide (ZnO) loaded with silver nanoparticles (NPs). We tested these ZnO/Ag NPs photocatalysts, with a thickness of about 100 nm, for the photodegradation of the indigo carmine dye solution. The study focused on the effects of Ag NPs on the ZnO matrix as well as the impact of their concentration on the photocatalytic performance of the nanocomposite. The study also highlighted the high stability of the photocatalytic performance of these nanocomposites. This work is a contribution in the search for non-toxic thin film photocatalysts that is usable under solar radiation for the treatment of contaminated wastewater. Innovation in the field of heterogeneous photocatalysis requires the use of solar resource with efficient results in terms of photocatalytic performance.
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Jiang, Haiyan, Jiahua He, Changyi Deng, Xiaodong Hong, and Bing Liang. "Advances in Bi2WO6-Based Photocatalysts for Degradation of Organic Pollutants." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 8698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248698.
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With the rapid development of modern industries, water pollution has become an urgent problem that endangers the health of human and wild animals. The photocatalysis technique is considered an environmentally friendly strategy for removing organic pollutants in wastewater. As an important member of Bi-series semiconductors, Bi2WO6 is widely used for fabricating high-performance photocatalysts. In this review, the recent advances of Bi2WO6-based photocatalysts are summarized. First, the controllable synthesis, surface modification and heteroatom doping of Bi2WO6 are introduced. In the respect of Bi2WO6-based composites, existing Bi2WO6-containing binary composites are classified into six types, including Bi2WO6/carbon or MOF composite, Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 composite, Bi2WO6/metal oxides composite, Bi2WO6/metal sulfides composite, Bi2WO6/Bi-series composite, and Bi2WO6/metal tungstates composite. Bi2WO6-based ternary composites are classified into four types, including Bi2WO6/g-C3N4/X, Bi2WO6/carbon/X, Bi2WO6/Au or Ag-based materials/X, and Bi2WO6/Bi-series semiconductors/X. The design, microstructure, and photocatalytic performance of Bi2WO6-based binary and ternary composites are highlighted. Finally, aimed at the existing problems in Bi2WO6-based photocatalysts, some solutions and promising research trends are proposed that would provide theoretical and practical guidelines for developing high-performance Bi2WO6-based photocatalysts.
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Gao, Ting, Ke Zhang, Qiuhui Zhu, Qingyun Tian, Hui Wang, Wei Zhang, Jiangyushan Liang, et al. "One Step Synthesis of Oxygen Defective Bi@Ba2TiO4/BaBi4Ti4O15 Microsheet with Efficient Photocatalytic Activity for NO Removal." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111455.
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Photocatalysis is an effective technology for NO removal even at low concentrations in the ambient atmosphere. However, the low efficiency of this advanced process and the tendency of producing toxic byproducts hinder the practical application of photocatalysis. To overcome these problems, the Bi@Ba2TiO4/BaBi4Ti4O15 photocatalytic composites were successfully prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized photocatalysts exhibited an efficient photocatalytic performance and generated low amounts of toxic byproducts. X-ray diffraction studies show that Bi3+ is successfully reduced on the surface of Ba2TiO4/BaBi4Ti4O15 (BT/BBT). After L-Ascorbic acid (AA) modification, the photocatalytic NO removal efficiency of Bi@Ba2TiO4/BaBi4Ti4O15 is increased from 25.55% to 67.88%, while the production of the toxic byproduct NO2 is reduced by 92.02%, where the initial concentration of NO is diluted to ca. 800 ppb by the gas stream and the flow rate is controlled at 301.98 mL·min−1 in a 150 mL cylindrical reactor. Furthermore, ambient humidity has little effect on the photocatalytic performance of theBi@Ba2TiO4/BaBi4Ti4O15, and the photocatalyst exhibits excellent reusability after repeated cleaning with deionized water. The improved photocatalytic effect is attributed to the addition of AA in BT/BBT being able to reduce Bi3+ ions to form Bi nanoparticles giving surface plasmon effect (SPR) and generate oxygen vacancies (OVs) at the same time, thereby improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers, enhancing the light absorption, and increasing the specific surface areas. The present work could provide new insights into the design of high-performance photocatalysts and their potential applications in air purification, especially for NO removal.
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Jafri, Nurul Natasha Mohammad, Juhana Jaafar, Farhana Aziz, Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh, Norhaniza Yusof, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Mukhlis A. Rahman, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Roshanida A. Rahman, and Watsa Khongnakorn. "Development of Free-Standing Titanium Dioxide Hollow Nanofibers Photocatalyst with Enhanced Recyclability." Membranes 12, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12030342.
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Titanium dioxide hollow nanofibers (THN) are excellent photocatalysts for the photodegradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) due to their extensive surface area and good optical properties. A template synthesis technique is typically employed to produce titanium dioxide hollow nanofibers. This process, however, involves a calcination procedure at high temperatures that yields powder-form photocatalysts that require post-recovery treatment before recycling. Meanwhile, the immobilization of photocatalysts on/into a membrane has been reported to reduce the active surface area. Novel free-standing TiO2 hollow nanofibers were developed to overcome those shortcomings. The free-standing photocatalyst containing 0.75 g of THN (FS-THN-75) exhibited good adherence and connectivity between the nanofibers. The recyclability of FS-THN-75 outperformed the THN calcined at 600 °C (THN-600), which retained 80% of its original weight while maintaining excellent degradation performance. This study recommends the potential application of free-standing TiO2 hollow nanofibers as high potential novel photocatalysts for the treatment of BPA in wastewater.
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Chai, Yi Ding, Yean Ling Pang, Steven Lim, Woon Chan Chong, Chin Wei Lai, and Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah. "Recent Progress on Tailoring the Biomass-Derived Cellulose Hybrid Composite Photocatalysts." Polymers 14, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 5244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235244.
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Biomass-derived cellulose hybrid composite materials are promising for application in the field of photocatalysis due to their excellent properties. The excellent properties between biomass-derived cellulose and photocatalyst materials was induced by biocompatibility and high hydrophilicity of the cellulose components. Biomass-derived cellulose exhibited huge amount of electron-rich hydroxyl group which could promote superior interaction with the photocatalyst. Hence, the original sources and types of cellulose, synthesizing methods, and fabrication cellulose composites together with applications are reviewed in this paper. Different types of biomasses such as biochar, activated carbon (AC), cellulose, chitosan, and chitin were discussed. Cellulose is categorized as plant cellulose, bacterial cellulose, algae cellulose, and tunicate cellulose. The extraction and purification steps of cellulose were explained in detail. Next, the common photocatalyst nanomaterials including titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and graphene, were introduced based on their distinct structures, advantages, and limitations in water treatment applications. The synthesizing method of TiO2-based photocatalyst includes hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel synthesis, and chemical vapor deposition synthesis. Different synthesizing methods contribute toward different TiO2 forms in terms of structural phases and surface morphology. The fabrication and performance of cellulose composite catalysts give readers a better understanding of the incorporation of cellulose in the development of sustainable and robust photocatalysts. The modifications including metal doping, non-metal doping, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) showed improvements on the degradation performance of cellulose composite catalysts. The information and evidence on the fabrication techniques of biomass-derived cellulose hybrid photocatalyst and its recent application in the field of water treatment were reviewed thoroughly in this review paper.
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Yan, Xin, Yuanyuan Wang, Bingbing Kang, Zhuo Li, and Yanhui Niu. "Preparation and Characterization of Tubelike g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 Heterojunction with Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity." Crystals 11, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111373.
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Water pollution caused by dye wastewater is a potential threat to human health. Using photocatalysis technology to deal with dye wastewater has the advantages of strong purification and no secondary pollution, so it is greatly significant to look for new visible-light photocatalysts with high photocatalytic ability for dye wastewater degradation. Semiconductor photocatalyst silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) has high quantum efficiency and photocatalytic degradation activity. However, Ag3PO4 is prone to photoelectron corrosion and becomes unstable during photocatalysis, which severely limits its application in this field. In this study, a tubelike g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 heterojunction was constructed by the chemical precipitation method. An Ag3PO4 nanoparticle was loaded onto the surface of the tubelike g-C3N4, forming close contact. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst was evaluated by the degradation of RhB under visible-light irradiation. The tubelike g-C3N4/Ag3PO4-5% heterojunction exhibited optimal photocatalytic performance. In an optimal process, the degradation rate of the RhB is 90% under visible-light irradiation for 40 min. The recycling experiment showed that there was no apparent decrease in the activity of tubelike g-C3N4/Ag3PO4-5% heterojunction after five consecutive runs. A possible Z-type mechanism is proposed to explain the high activity and stability of the heterojunction.
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Fu, Yong-sheng, Jun Li, and Jianguo Li. "Metal/Semiconductor Nanocomposites for Photocatalysis: Fundamentals, Structures, Applications and Properties." Nanomaterials 9, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9030359.
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Due to the capability of utilizing light energy to drive chemical reactions, photocatalysis has been widely accepted as a green technology to help us address the increasingly severe environment and energy issues facing human society. To date, a large amount of research has been devoted to enhancing the properties of photocatalysts. As reported, coupling semiconductors with metals is one of the most effective methods to achieve high-performance photocatalysts. The excellent properties of metal/semiconductor (M/S) nanocomposite photocatalysts originate in two aspects: (i) improved charge separation at the metal-semiconductor interface; and (ii) increased absorption of visible light due to the surface plasmon resonance of metals. So far, many M/S nanocomposite photocatalysts with different structures have been developed for the application in environmental remediation, selective organic transformation, hydrogen evolution, and disinfection. Herein, we will give a review on the M/S nanocomposite photocatalysts, regarding their fundamentals, structures (as well as their typical synthetic approaches), applications and properties. Finally, we will also present our perspective on the future development of M/S nanocomposite photocatalysts.
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Liang, Hui, Zaiqin Wang, Lingmin Liao, Liang Chen, Zhen Li, and Jing Feng. "High performance photocatalysts: Montmorillonite supported-nano TiO composites." Optik 136 (May 2017): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.02.018.
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Panichpakdee, Jate, Nobuaki Negishi, and Siriporn Larpkiattaworn. "High Performance Ag/AgBr/TiO2 Photocatalyst-Coated Silica Beads." Key Engineering Materials 690 (May 2016): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.690.156.
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A series of three-component photocatalyst consisting of Ag, AgBr, and TiO2 were synthesized and successfully coated on PSB-01 beads (TiO2-coated silica beads). Different Ag to Ti molar ratios of 0.07, 0.10, and 0.20 in ethanol were prepared and coated on PSB-01 beads by sol-gel method. The morphologies and elemental compositions of these photocatalysts were characterized by SEM, EDS, and XRD, respectively. The performance of the photocatalyst coated on PSB-01 beads was evaluated in aspects of efficiency and stability. As for the photocatalytic efficiency, formic acid was used as the chemical model in this study. Results showed that the deposition of Ag/AgBr/TiO2 at Ag/Ti molar ratio of 0.07 on PSB-01 beads had the best performance in terms of formic acid degradation when compared to other ratios of Ag/AgBr/TiO2-coated PSB-01, Ag-coated PSB-01, and PSB-01 beads. In addition, for the study of stability, the release of silver from a series of Ag/AgBr/TiO2-coated PSB-01 was also evaluated.
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Isac, Luminita, and Alexandru Enesca. "Recent Developments in ZnS-Based Nanostructures Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 15668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415668.
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The continuous growth of the world population has led to the constant increase of environmental pollution, with serious consequences for human health. Toxic, non-biodegradable, and recalcitrant organic pollutants (e.g., dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides) are discharged into water resources from various industries, such as textiles, leather, pharmaceuticals, plastics, etc. Consequently, the treatment of industrial wastewater, via a sustainable technology, represents a great challenge for worldwide research. Photocatalytic technology, an innovative technique based on advanced oxidation process (AOP), is considered a green technology with promising prospects in the remediation of global environmental issues. In photocatalysis, a very important role is attributed to the photocatalyst, usually a semiconductor material with high solar light absorption capacity and conductivity for photogenerated-charge carriers. Zinc sulfide (ZnS), as n-type semiconductor with different morphologies and band gap energies (Eg = 3.2–3.71 eV), is recognized as a promising photocatalyst for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater, especially under UV light irradiation. This review deals with the recent developments (the last five years) in ZnS nanostructures (0D, 1D, 3D) and ZnS-based heterojunctions (n-n, n-p, Z scheme) used as photocatalysts for organic pollutants’ degradation under simulated (UV, Vis) and sunlight irradiation in wastewater treatment. The effects of different synthesis parameters (precursors’ type and concentration, capping agents’ dosages, reaction time and temperature, metal doping, ZnS concentration in heterostructures, etc.) and properties (particle size, morphology, band gap energy, and surface properties) on the photocatalytic performance of ZnS-based photocatalysts for various organic pollutants’ degradation are extensively discussed.
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Wang, Chu-Ya, Xin Fang, Qi Zeng, Heng-Deng Zhou, and Yongze Lu. "Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride over Au-doped BiOBr nanosheets under visible light irradiation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 26, 2022): e0273169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273169.
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Bismuth(III) oxybromide (BiOBr) is a typical photocatalyst with a unique layered structure. However, the response of BiOBr to visible light is not strong enough for practical application. Moreover, the charge separation efficiency of BiOBr still needs to be improved. In this study, series of Au-doped BiOBr photocatalysts was prepared through a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The as-prepared Au0.3-BiOBr nanosheets exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance. The charge separation efficiency of Au0.3-BiOBr nanosheets was enhanced by 18.5 times compared with that of BiOBr. The intrinsic photocatalytic activity of Au0.3-BiOBr nanosheets in the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride was approximately twice higher than that of BiOBr under visible light irradiation. In addition, three pathways were identified for the photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of tetracycline hydrochloride, which involve four reactions: hydroxylation, demethylation, ring opening and mineralization. Accordingly, this study proposes a feasible and effective Au-doped BiOBr photocatalyst, and describes a promising strategy for the design and synthesis of high-performance photocatalysts.
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Lee, Jun-Cheol, Anantha-Iyengar Gopalan, Gopalan Sai-Anand, Kwang-Pill Lee, and Wha-Jung Kim. "Preparation of Visible Light Photocatalytic Graphene Embedded Rutile Titanium(IV) Oxide Composite Nanowires and Enhanced NOx Removal." Catalysts 9, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9020170.
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The quest for developing highly efficient TiO2-based photocatalysts is continuing and, in particular, evolving a new strategy is an important aspect in this regard. In general, much effort has been devoted to the anatase TiO2 modifications, despite there being only a few recent studies on rutile TiO2 (rTiO2). To the best of our knowledge, studies on the preparation and characterization of the photocatalysts based on the intentional inclusion of graphene (G) into rTiO2 nanostructures have not been reported yet. Herein, we develop a new type of TiO2-based photocatalyst comprising of G included pure rTiO2 nanowire (abbreviated as rTiO2(G) NW) with enhanced visible light absorption capability. To prepare rTiO2(G) NW, the G incorporated titanate electrospun fibers were obtained by electrospinning and subsequently heat treated at various temperatures (500 to 800 °C). Electrospinning conditions were optimized for producing good quality rTiO2(G) NW. The rTiO2(G) NW and their corresponding samples were characterized by appropriate techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to ascertain their material characteristics. XRD results show that the lattice strain occurs upon inclusion of G. We present here the first observation of an apparent bandgap lowering because of the G inclusion into TiO2 NW. While anatase TiO2 NW exhibited poor visible light photocatalysis towards NOx removal, the rTiO2(G) NW photocatalyst witnessed a significantly enhanced (~67%) photocatalytic performance as compared to anatase TiO2(G) NW. We concluded that the inclusion of G into rTiO2 nanostructures enhances the visible light photoactivity. A plausible mechanism for photocatalysis is suggested.
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Sewnet, Agidew, Mulualem Abebe, Perumal Asaithambi, and Esayas Alemayehu. "Visible-Light-Driven g-C3N4/TiO2 Based Heterojunction Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes in Wastewater: A Review." Air, Soil and Water Research 15 (January 2022): 117862212211172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786221221117266.
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Water pollution by organic contaminants is one of the most severe issues confronting the world today as a result of the rapid increase of industrialization, urbanization, human population growth, and advances in agricultural technologies. Several attempts have been made to address global water pollution issues by utilizing conventional wastewater treatment technologies. However, conventional wastewater treatment methods have several limitations such as low efficiency, high operation costs, generation of secondary waste, require additional chemicals as oxidants and extra energy. Therefore, Heterogeneous photocatalysis has gained a lot of attention in the degradation of persistent organic pollutants because it combines high efficiency, environmental friendliness, cheap cost, and safety. Subsequently, the designing of novel nanocomposite photocatalysts with strong visible light-harvesting ability, efficient charge separation and transportation, and superb stability is imminently desired for wastewater treatment. Recently, the notion of combining g-C3N4 with TiO2 to design high photocatalytic performance heterojunction photoactive nanocomposites for organic pollutant degradation has received a lot of attention. Meanwhile, the construction of g-C3N4/TiO2-based heterojunction nanocomposites may enhance the ability of harvesting visible light, boost charge separation and transfer efficiency, and robust photocatalytic activity. Firstly, this review concisely explained the main sources of water pollution, as well as potential treatment approaches and the fundamental mechanism of heterogeneous photocatalysis. Subsequently, the details of properties, synthesis techniques, photoactivity modification strategies, and photocatalytic applications of g-C3N4, TiO2, and g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts are presented. Following that, the recent advances aimed at improving the photocatalytic performance of various types of visible-light-driven g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation in wastewater are presented in detail. Finally, some concluding remarks and perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for constructing different types of g-C3N4/TiO2-based heterostructured photocatalysts are presented.
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Lin, Shui Tuan, Lian Wei Shan, Cheng Guo Ma, Ming Qi Yuan, Zi Lan Fang, Yan Wei Xiao, Li Min Dong, Dan Li, and Ying Kui Guo. "High-Performance α-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/CdS Heterojunction Photocatalyst: Innovative Design, Electrochemical Performance and DFT Calculation." Journal of Nano Research 71 (January 25, 2022): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.71.13.
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Heterojunction semiconductor photocatalysis is an auspicious technique for clear up organic pollutants from water, and have been of valuable strategy in the area of photocatalysis. Herein, electrophoretic deposition procedure was used to prepare α-Bi2O3/CdS type-Ⅱ heterojunction photocatalysts. The results of PL, Raman, and EIS show that there is a heterojunction effect in α-Bi2O3/CdS, which is propitious to improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The DFT calculation reveals that the work function of CdS (4.57 eV) is higher than that of α-Bi2O3 (3.37 eV), which facilitates the migrating of e- from the CB of α-Bi2O3 to the CB of CdS, and the migrating of h+ from the VB of CdS to the VB of α-Bi2O3, thus the e--h+ pairs with high redox ability are retained. The performances were assessed by degrading methyl orange (MO), acid magenta under simulated visible light irradiation. Under simulated visible light irradiation, BC45 composite exhibited the highest degradation efficiency of 87% (MO) and 81% (acid fuchsin) for 4 h, which was about 2 times higher than that of CdS (MO) and (acid fuchsin). It is believed that the dual characteristics of H2O wettability and dye adsorption performance in α-Bi2O3/CdS composites promote photocatalytic process compared with single CdS and α-Bi2O3. The study could provide new insights to develop efficiently capable photocatalysts of the α-Bi2O3/CdS composites.
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Li, Yong, Mingqing Zhang, Yanfang Liu, Qinghua Zhao, Xin Li, Qianyu Zhou, Yuanfu Chen, and Shifeng Wang. "Construction of Bronze TiO2/Ti3C2 MXene/Ag3PO4 Ternary Composite Photocatalyst toward High Photocatalytic Performance." Catalysts 12, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12060599.
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Research has demonstrated that the formation of composites of titanium dioxide (TiO2) with silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) through the construction of heterojunctions can expand its light absorption range and suppress the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, thereby improving the photocatalytic performance. However, this method offers only limited performance improvements, and the composite photocatalysts are costly due to the expensive Ag3PO4. In this study, Ti3C2 MXene, which has good hydrophilicity and excellent electrical conductivity, is first used to form Schottky junction composites with bronze TiO2 (TiO2(B)) via electrostatic self-assembly. Then, Ag3PO4 quantum dots were further formed on the surface of the TiO2(B)/Ti3C2 MXene by in situ self-growth, and Ag3PO4 formed heterojunctions and Schottky junctions with TiO2(B) and Ti3C2 MXene, respectively. Finally, a ternary composite photocatalyst TiO2(B)/Ti3C2 MXene/Ag3PO4 was jointly constructed by these functional junctions. Under the synergistic effect of these functional junctions, the mobility and fast separation performance of photogenerated electron–hole pairs of the composite photocatalyst were significantly improved, the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs was effectively suppressed, and the light absorption performance was enhanced. As a result, the composite photocatalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic performances.
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Ren, Guangmin, Hongtao Han, Yixuan Wang, Sitong Liu, Jianyong Zhao, Xiangchao Meng, and Zizhen Li. "Recent Advances of Photocatalytic Application in Water Treatment: A Review." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071804.
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Photocatalysis holds great promise as an efficient and sustainable oxidation technology for application in wastewater treatment. Rapid progress developing novel materials has propelled photocatalysis to the forefront of sustainable wastewater treatments. This review presents the latest progress on applications of photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Our focus is on strategies for improving performance. Challenges and outlooks in this promising field are also discussed. We hope this review will help researchers design low-cost and high-efficiency photocatalysts for water treatment.
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Zhang, Guoqiang, Wenshuai Jiang, Shixin Hua, Haifeng Zhao, Ligong Zhang, and Zaicheng Sun. "Constructing bulk defective perovskite SrTiO3 nanocubes for high performance photocatalysts." Nanoscale 8, no. 38 (2016): 16963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nr04859e.
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Corredor, Juan, Eduardo Perez-Peña, Maria J. Rivero, and Inmaculada Ortiz. "Performance of rGO/TiO2 Photocatalytic Membranes for Hydrogen Production." Membranes 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090218.
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Although there are promising environmental and energy characteristics for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen, two main drawbacks must be overcome before the large- scale deployment of the technology becomes a reality, (i) the low efficiency reported by state of the art photocatalysts and, (ii) the short life time and difficult recovery of the photocatalyst, issues that need research and development for new high performance catalysts. In this work 2% rGO/TiO2 composite photocatalysts were supported over Nafion membranes and the performance of the photocatalytic membrane was tested for hydrogen production from a 20% vol. methanol solution. Immobilization of the composite on Nafion membranes followed three different simple methods which preserve the photocatalyst structure: solvent-casting (SC), spraying (SP), and dip-coating (DP). The photocatalyst was included in the matrix membrane using the SC method, while it was located on the membrane surface in the SP and DP membranes showing less mass transfer limitations. The performance of the synthesized photocatalytic membranes for hydrogen production under UVA light irradiation was compared. Leaching of the catalytic membranes was tested by measuring the turbidity of the solution. With respect to catalyst leaching, both the SC and SP membranes provided very good results, the leaching being lower with the SC membrane. The best results in terms of initial hydrogen production rate (HPR) were obtained with the SP and DP membrane. The SP was selected as the most suitable method for photocatalytic hydrogen production due to the high HPR and the negligible photocatalyst leaching. Moreover, the stability of this membrane was studied for longer operation times. This work helps to improve the knowledge on the application of photocatalytic membranes for hydrogen production and contributes in facilitating the large-scale application of this process.
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Ye, Mengya, Jiahui Pan, Zhan Guo, Xiaoyu Liu, and Yu Chen. "Effect of ball milling process on the photocatalytic performance of CdS/TiO2 composite." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0045.
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AbstractCdS/TiO2 composite photocatalysts were made by the method of secondary ball milling at different ball milling speeds, milling time, and material ratios. After the secondary ball milling process, parts of the samples were calcined at high temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) were used to observe the powder particle size, structural defect, bandgap, and absorption spectrum of the samples. Combined with the observation results, the effects of ball milling speed, time, material ratio, and high-temperature calcination on the photocatalytic performance of CdS/TiO2 composite samples were analyzed. Furthermore, the methyl orange (MO) was chosen to simulate pollutants, and the photocatalytic degradation rate of CdS/TiO2 composite photocatalysts for MO was evaluated under sunlight and UV irradiation conditions. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of CdS/TiO2 photocatalyst under UV irradiation is much higher than that under sunlight irradiation. The experimental results reveal that secondary ball milling can effectively promote the formation of CdS/TiO2 composite nanostructure and the high-temperature calcination can reduce the bandgap width, which makes the samples easier to be excited. When the ball milling speed, time, and material ratio were respectively 400 rpm, 10 h, 25:75, and then calcined at high temperature, after 2 h of irradiation under UV light, CdS/TiO2 composite photocatalysts exhibited maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 57.84%.
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LEI, YONGQIAN, GUANHUA WANG, PENGRAN GUO, and HUACAN SONG. "SILVER PHOSPHATE BASED PLASMONIC PHOTOCATALYST: HIGHLY ACTIVE VISIBLE-LIGHT-ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTY AND PHOTOSENSITIZED DEGRADATION OF POLLUTANTS." Functional Materials Letters 05, no. 04 (December 2012): 1250047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604712500476.
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A stable silver phosphate based plasmonic photocatalyst ( Ag-Ag3PO4 ) was successfully fabricated, which can drive catalytic reaction under low-intensity visible light. The synthesized plasmonic photocatalyst shows high performance and stability on the photodegradation of RhB under visible-light irradiation, and represents obviously enhanced photocatalytic activity than the pure Ag3PO4 sample. The photosensitization process was carried out in the photodegradation of 2,4-DCP and RhB mixture, of which the photocatalyst shows the enhancement activity for 2,4-DCP while weaker for RhB . The investigation is likely to open up a new sight for the preparation of high efficient and stable plasmonic photocatalysts which utilizes visible light.
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Faustino, Emerson, Thalita Ferreira da Silva, Rebeca Fabbro Cunha, Diego Roberto Vieira Guelfi, Priscila Sabioni Cavalheri, Silvio César de Oliveira, Anderson Rodrigues Lima Caires, Gleison Antonio Casagrande, Rodrigo Pereira Cavalcante, and Amilcar Machulek Junior. "Synthesis and Characterization of N and Fe-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles for 2,4-Dimethylaniline Mineralization." Nanomaterials 12, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12152538.
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The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of developing low-cost N- and Fe-doped TiO2 photocatalysts for investigating the mineralization of 2,4-dimethylaniline (2,4-DMA). With a single anatase phase, the photocatalysts showed high thermal stability with mass losses of less than 2%. The predominant oxidative state is Ti4+, but there is presence of Ti3+ associated with oxygen vacancies. In materials with N, doping was interstitial in the NH3/NH4+ form and for doping with Fe, there was a presence of Fe-Ti bonds (indicating substitutional occupations). With an improved band gap energy from 3.16 eV to 2.82 eV the photoactivity of the photocatalysts was validated with an 18 W UVA lamp (340–415 nm) with a flux of 8.23 × 10−6 Einstein s−1. With a size of only 14.45 nm and a surface area of 84.73 m2 g−1, the photocatalyst doped with 0.0125% Fe mineralized 92% of the 2,4-DMA in just 180 min. While the 3% N photocatalyst with 12.27 nm had similar performance at only 360 min. Factors such as high surface area, mesoporous structure and improved Ebg, and absence of Fe peak in XPS analysis indicate that doping with 0.0125% Fe caused a modification in TiO2 structure.
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Razzaq, Abdul, Shahzad Ali, Muhammad Asif, and Su-Il In. "Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Based Photocatalysts: An Outstanding Strategy for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion." Catalysts 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10101185.
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CO2 conversion to solar fuels/chemicals is an alluring approach for narrowing critical issues of global warming, environmental pollution, and climate change, caused by excess atmospheric CO2 concentration. Amongst various CO2 conversion strategies, photocatalytic CO2 conversion (PCC) is considered as a promising approach, which utilizes inexpensive sunlight and water with a photocatalyst material. Hence, development of an efficient and a stable photocatalyst is an essential activity for the respective scientific community to upscale the PCC research domain. Until today, metal oxides, such as TiO2, ZnO, etc., are categorized as standard photocatalysts because of their relative stability, abundant availability and low cost. However, their performance is tethered by limited light absorption and somewhat physical properties. Recently, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have offered an exciting and efficient way for PCC due to their superb CO2 adsorption and moderate photocatalytic properties. The LDH based photocatalysts show marvelous physiochemical and electrical properties like high surface area, stability, and excellent conductivity. In the present review article, a summarized survey is portrayed regarding latest development for LDH based photocatalysts with a focus on synthesis strategies employing various photocatalyst materials, influencing parameters and possible mechanism involved in PCC to useful fuels and chemicals like CO, CH4, CH3OH, and H2.
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Gao, Feidan, Dawen Zeng, Qingwu Huang, Shouqin Tian, and Changsheng Xie. "Chemically bonded graphene/BiOCl nanocomposites as high-performance photocatalysts." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 14, no. 30 (2012): 10572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cp41045a.
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Sadiq, M. Mohamed Jaffer, U. Sandhya Shenoy, and D. Krishna Bhat. "Novel RGO–ZnWO4–Fe3O4 nanocomposite as high performance visible light photocatalyst." RSC Advances 6, no. 66 (2016): 61821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra13002j.
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Chen, Dongdong, Xiaofeng Li, Kai Dai, Jinfeng Zhang, and Graham Dawson. "Microwave-assisted synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid porous g-C3N4/CdS–diethylenetriamine S-scheme heterojunctions with enhanced visible light hydrogen production." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 24 (March 22, 2022): 244001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac58d0.
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Abstract The activity of photocatalysts depends, to a large extent, on the separation of internal charge carriers, thereby enhancing the redox ability. S-scheme photocatalysts have shown good hydrogen-production performance, not only with good performance, but also with high reproducibility. In particular, two-dimensional (2D)/2D S-scheme heterojunction materials have attracted a great deal of attention because of the rapid charge separation and transfer rate between the interfaces. In this work, a porous g-C3N4/CdS–diethylenetriamine (PCN/CS–D) S-scheme heterojunction is designed and fabricated by a facile microwave method. The designed PCN/CS–D photocatalyst has a hydrogen-evolution rate of 12 547 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 15.6 and 2.4 times as high as that of PCN (806 μmol g−1 h−1) and CS–D (5209 μmol g−1 h−1), respectively. The combination of PCN and CS–D improves the separation of electron–hole pairs and the rate of charge transfer.
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Razzaq, Abdul, and Su-Il In. "TiO2 Based Nanostructures for Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion to Valuable Chemicals." Micromachines 10, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10050326.
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Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to useful products is an alluring approach for acquiring the two-fold benefits of normalizing excess atmospheric CO2 levels and the production of solar chemicals/fuels. Therefore, photocatalytic materials are continuously being developed with enhanced performance in accordance with their respective domains. In recent years, nanostructured photocatalysts such as one dimensional (1-D), two dimensional (2-D) and three dimensional (3-D)/hierarchical have been a subject of great importance because of their explicit advantages over 0-D photocatalysts, including high surface areas, effective charge separation, directional charge transport, and light trapping/scattering effects. Furthermore, the strategy of doping (metals and non-metals), as well as coupling with a secondary material (noble metals, another semiconductor material, graphene, etc.), of nanostructured photocatalysts has resulted in an amplified photocatalytic performance. In the present review article, various titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based nanostructured photocatalysts are briefly overviewed with respect to their application in photocatalytic CO2 conversion to value-added chemicals. This review primarily focuses on the latest developments in TiO2-based nanostructures, specifically 1-D (TiO2 nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires, nanobelts etc.) and 2-D (TiO2 nanosheets, nanolayers), and the reaction conditions and analysis of key parameters and their role in the up-grading and augmentation of photocatalytic performance. Moreover, TiO2-based 3-D and/or hierarchical nanostructures for CO2 conversions are also briefly scrutinized, as they exhibit excellent performance based on the special nanostructure framework, and can be an exemplary photocatalyst architecture demonstrating an admirable performance in the near future.
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Wu, Hao, Fanming Meng, Xingbing Liu, and Bo Yu. "Carbon nanotubes as electronic mediators combined with Bi2MoO6 and g-C3N4 to form Z-scheme heterojunctions to enhance visible light photocatalysis." Nanotechnology 33, no. 11 (December 22, 2021): 115203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac3f13.
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Abstract In this paper, Z-scheme Bi2MoO6/CNTs/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts were prepared through a simple hydrothermal method. The analysis was performed by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, BET, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance and PL spectrums. Various analyses show that CNTs not only act as excellent charge transfer bridges, but also enable a formation of the Z-scheme of charge transfer mechanism between Bi2MoO6 and g-C3N4. This process not only effectively isolates electrons and holes, but also prolongs electron–hole pair lifetimes, resulting in a substantial improvement in the photocatalytic performance of the composite photocatalyst. Best photocatalytic degradation performance was shown by Bi2MoO6/CNTs/g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst under simulated sunlight, while the composite photocatalyst still maintained extremely high degradation performance in cycling tests.
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Hafizah, Nor, and Iis Sopyan. "Cement Bonded Sol-Gel TiO2 Powder Photocatalysis for Phenol Removal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 776 (July 2015): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.776.271.
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Photocatalysis has been proven effective in controlling various environmental problems originated by pollutions both in liquid and gaseous phases. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is well known the most practical photocatalyst as it has high photocatalytic efficiency, low band gap energy, and no toxicity. Various chemical methods have been tried to produce TiO2 photocatalyst powder with high activity. In this study, sol-gel method has been employed to produce nanosized TiO2 photocatalyst particles and its physical properties and photocatalytic activity in phenol degradation test were compared with the commercial TiO2 powder, Degussa P25. The synthesis process was carried out through hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TPT) and methanol where the molar ratio of water to TPT was monitored to control the hydrolysis rate. From X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, the sol-gel TiO2 powder obtained was fully in anatase structure with high crystallinity. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) measurement showed that the powder was in nanoto sub-micron size, spherical in shape, and tightly agglomerated. Thermal analysis confirmed that sol-gel derived amorphous TiO2 powder transformed to anatase phase after 400°C calcination. The test on photocatalytic performance conducted using aqueous solution of phenol as the representative of water pollutant examined in this study showed that the sol-gel TiO2 powder is more efficient in degrading phenol compared to one of the most active photocatalysts commercially available, Degussa P25.
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Tong, Qin, Ya-Mei Dong, Xiao-Jia Wang, Peng Yan, and Dan-Nong He. "Preparation and High Degradation Activity of Supported Nano-Bi2WO6–TiO2/Nickel Foam Photocatalyst." Nano 10, no. 06 (August 2015): 1550077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292015500770.
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The supported nano- Bi 2 WO 6– TiO 2/nickel foam photocatalyst was synthesized via spraying method with silica sol as a binder. The as-prepared photocatalyst with large surface and thermal stability exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance for degradation of Rhodamine B ( RhB ) solution in sunlight irradiation. The results showed that the RhB solution could be degraded to 71.6% within 60min, exhibiting that improved photocatalytic activity increased by 77.6%, compared with that of pure Bi 2 WO 6– TiO 2 nanoparticles. Its high photocatalytic activity was due to the presence of nickel foam in the catalytic process, making the Bi 2 WO 6– TiO 2 highly dispersed and increasing the contact area of the photocatalysts with the organic pollutants. At the same time, a possible photocatalytic mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic performance was investigated.
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Sridharan, Kishore, Sulakshana Shenoy, S. Girish Kumar, Chiaki Terashima, Akira Fujishima, and Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu. "Advanced Two-Dimensional Heterojunction Photocatalysts of Stoichiometric and Non-Stoichiometric Bismuth Oxyhalides with Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Applications." Catalysts 11, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11040426.
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Semiconductor-based photocatalysis has been identified as an encouraging approach for solving the two main challenging problems, viz., remedying our polluted environment and the generation of sustainable chemical energy. Stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX and BixOyXz where X = Cl, Br, and I) are a relatively new class of semiconductors that have attracted considerable interest for photocatalysis applications due to attributes, viz., high stability, suitable band structure, modifiable energy bandgap and two-dimensional layered structure capable of generating an internal electric field. Recently, the construction of heterojunction photocatalysts, especially 2D/2D systems, has convincingly drawn momentous attention practicably owing to the productive influence of having two dissimilar layered semiconductors in face-to-face contact with each other. This review has systematically summarized the recent progress on the 2D/2D heterojunction constructed between BiOX/BixOyXz with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The band structure of individual components, various fabrication methods, different strategies developed for improving the photocatalytic performance and their applications in the degradation of various organic contaminants, hydrogen (H2) evolution, carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction, nitrogen (N2) fixation and the organic synthesis of clean chemicals are summarized. The perspectives and plausible opportunities for developing high performance BiOX/BixOyXz-g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalysts are also discussed.
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Zhang, Qi, and Zhang. "AgBr/BiOBr Nano-Heterostructure-Decorated Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers: A Recyclable High-Performance Photocatalyst for Dye Degradation under Visible-Light Irradiation." Polymers 11, no. 10 (October 19, 2019): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101718.
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Macrostructural flexible photocatalysts have been proven to have desirable recyclable properties during the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water. However, the photocatalytic activities of these photocatalysts are often unsatisfactory due to the fast recombination of charge carriers and the limited surface active sites. Herein, we developed a novel flexible photocatalyst of AgBr/BiOBr/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite mats (CMs) through the controllable assembly of AgBr/BiOBr nano-heterostructures on electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (PAN NFs) via a three-step synthesis route. The component ratio of AgBr to BiOBr in the CMs could be easily adjusted by controlling the in situ ion exchange process. The charge–transfer process occurring at the interface of the AgBr/BiOBr nano-heterostructures strongly hindered the recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs, thereby effectively enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the AgBr/BiOBr/PAN CMs. Meanwhile, the unique hierarchical inorganic/organic heterostructure of the AgBr/BiOBr/PAN CMs not only led to good flexibility, but also provided an abundance of active sites for photocatalytic reactions. Upon visible-light irradiation, AgBr/BiOBr/PAN CMs with an optimal ratio of AgBr to BiOBr components exhibited both enhanced photocatalytic activity and excellent separability during the degradation of methyl orange in water compared to the BiOBr/PAN CMs.
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Yuan, Xiaoya, Xue Wu, Zijuan Feng, Wen Jia, Xuxu Zheng, and Chuanqiang Li. "Facile Synthesis of Heterojunctioned ZnO/Bi2S3 Nanocomposites for Enhanced Photocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Cr(VI) under Visible-Light Irradiation." Catalysts 9, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9070624.
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Heterojunctioned ZnO/Bi2S3 nanocomposites were prepared via a facile solvothermal method. The obtained photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Photoelectrochemical and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), respectively. The results showed that ZnO/Bi2S3 composites exhibited the sandwiched-like structure, where ZnO nanoparticles were randomly embedded between Bi2S3 nanoflakes. The performance of photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction under visible light indicated that ZnO/Bi2S3 composites exhibited high-efficiency photocatalytic activity in comparison with either Bi2S3 or ZnO. The 5%-ZnO/Bi2S3 photocatalyst removed 96% of Cr(VI) within 120 min at 20 mg/L initial concentration of Cr(VI). The enhanced performance of ZnO/Bi2S3 photocatalysts could be ascribed to the increased light harvesting and the effective separation and transfer of the photogenerated charge carriers across the heterojunction interface of the ZnO/Bi2S3 composite. This work could pave the way for the design of new hetero-structured materials and has great potential in environmental remediation.