Academic literature on the topic 'High-performance photocatalysts'
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Journal articles on the topic "High-performance photocatalysts"
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Thattil, Preeja P., and A. Leema Rose. "High Photocatalytic Performance of Modified Bismuth Oxychloride Semiconductor under Sunlight." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370402.
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In recent years, the bismuth compounds have gained much interest due to their potential applications in the field of Photocatalysis. In our present work, Bismuth oxychloride Photocatalyst and Aluminium fluoride doped Bismuth oxychloride photocatalyst were synthesized by simple chemical methods using Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate as the precursor. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by different analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction analyses, Ultra Violet –Diffuse reflectance spectrum, Field Emission – Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray analyses,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies and BET surface area analysis. The photocatalytic performances of the as-synthesized doped and undoped Bismuth oxychloride photocatalyst were tested towards the degradation of Acid green 1 dye. The parameters such as the effect of pH, catalyst concentration and initial dye concentration are optimized, and the kinetic studies are carried out for the photocatalytic dye degradation process. The experimental results showed that about 80% of the Acid green 1 dye got decolourized within 90 minutes by effective air purging under natural sunlight radiation in the presence of the AlF-BiOCl photocatalyst under optimized conditions.
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Hu, Xuefeng, Ting Luo, Yuhan Lin, and Mina Yang. "Construction of Novel Z-Scheme g-C3N4/AgBr-Ag Composite for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants under Visible Light." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111309.
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As a green and sustainable technology to relieve environmental pollution issues, semiconductor photocatalysis attracted great attention. However, most single-component semiconductors suffer from high carrier recombination rate and low reaction efficiency. Here, we constructed a novel visible-light-driven Z-scheme g-C3N4/AgBr-Ag photocatalyst (noted as CN-AA-0.05) using a hydrothermal method with KBr as the bromine source. The CN-AA-0.05 photocatalyst shows an excellent photocatalytic degradation performance, and a rhodamine B (RhB) degradation ratio of 96.3% in 40 min, and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) degradation ratio of 99.2% in 18 min are achieved. Mechanistic studies show that the remarkable performance of CN-AA-0.05 is not only attributed to the enhanced light absorption caused by the Ag SPR effect, but also the efficient charge transfer and separation with Ag nanoparticles as the bridge. Our work provides a reference for the design and construction of efficient visible-light-responsive Z-scheme photocatalysts, and an in-depth understanding into the mechanism of Z-scheme photocatalysts.
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Tigabu Bekele, Mekonnen. "Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of selected transition metal nanoparticles: review." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 6, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001084.
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Photocatalysis has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to its potential in solving energy and environmental issues. Efficient light absorption and charge separation are two of the key factors for the exploration of high-performance photocatalytic systems, which are generally difficult to obtain from a single photocatalyst. The combination of various materials to form heterojunctions provides an effective way to better harvest solar energy and facilitate charge separation and transfer, thus enhancing photocatalytic activity and stability. This review concisely summarizes the recent development of visible light responsive heterojunctions, including the preparation and performance of semiconductor/semiconductor junctions and semiconductor/metal junctions and their mechanism for enhancing light harvesting and charge separation/transfer. In this regard, this review presents some unitary, binary and ternary CeO2 photocatalysts used for the degradation of organic pollutants. We expect this review to provide the type of guidelines for readers to gain a clear picture of nanotechnology and the fabrication and application of different types of heterostructured photocatalysts.
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Hong, Xiaodong, Xu Wang, Yang Li, Jiawei Fu, and Bing Liang. "Progress in Graphene/Metal Oxide Composite Photocatalysts for Degradation of Organic Pollutants." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080921.
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The sewage discharge of industrial wastewater seriously pollutes the water source and rivers, which is very harmful to the health of humans and wildlife. Among those methods for treating wastewater, photocatalysis is a sustainable and environmental-friendly technique for removing the organic pollutants with no secondary pollution. As a popular photocatalyst, graphene/metal oxide nanocomposites have been widely reported in the photocatalysis field. In this review, the recent progress of graphene/metal oxide composites including binary and ternary composites is summarized in detail. The synthesis, microstructure design, and application performance of graphene/TiO2, graphene/ZnO, graphene/SnO2, graphene/WO3, graphene/Fe2O3, and graphene/Cu2O composites are introduced firstly. Then, the synthesis, the selection of components, and the performance of various ternary composites are summarized specifically, including graphene/TiO2-, graphene/ZnO-, graphene/SnO2-, graphene/Cu2O-, graphene/FexOy-, and graphene/Bi-containing ternary composites. At last, the possible research directions of graphene/metal oxide nanocomposites are put forward. The main purpose is to provide a theoretical guidance for designing high-performance graphene/metal oxide photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.
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Ji, Zhilin, Hongwei Wang, and Xilin She. "A Novel CdS Quantum Dots Decorated 3D Bi2O2CO3 Hierarchical Nanoflower with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091046.
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Heterojunction engineering has shown great potential in the field of photocatalysis to deal with environmental pollutants. The design and synthesis of heterojunction photocatalysts with high efficiency and stability still face great challenges. In this work, a novel CdS quantum dots (QDs) decorated 3D Bi2O2CO3 hierarchical nanoflower heterojunction photocatalyst (Bi2O2CO3/CdS QDs) was synthesized to investigate the photocatalytic Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation performance. CdS QDs were evenly distributed on the surface of the Bi2O2CO3 nanoflower. Bi2O2CO3/CdS QDs showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic RhB degradation performance compared with pristine Bi2O2CO3 and CdS QDs. The enhanced photocatalytic performance was attributed to the synergistic effect of hierarchical structure and heterojunction, which greatly increased the active sites of the reaction and the photogenerated carriers transfer.
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Cheng, Ruolin, Elke Debroye, Johan Hofkens, and Maarten B. J. Roeffaers. "Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with MIL-100(Fe)-CsPbBr3 Composites." Catalysts 10, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111352.
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Bromide-based metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising photocatalysts with strong blue-green light absorption. Composite photocatalysts of MHPs with MIL-100(Fe), as a powerful photocatalyst itself, have been investigated to extend the responsiveness towards red light. The composites, with a high specific surface area, display an enhanced solar light response, and the improved charge carrier separation in the heterojunctions is employed to maximize the photocatalytic performance. Optimization of the relative composition, with the formation of a dual-phase CsPbBr3 to CsPb2Br5 perovskite composite, shows an excellent photocatalytic performance with 20.4 μmol CO produced per gram of photocatalyst during one hour of visible light irradiation.
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He, Kang, Yu Chen, and Mengjun Mei. "Study on influencing factors of photocatalytic performance of CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite concrete." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (November 27, 2020): 1160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0074.
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AbstractIn this study, a high-energy ball mill was used to composite nano-TiO2 and CdS, and three kinds of nanocomposite photocatalysts TiO2, CdS/TiO2-R400, and CdS/TiO2-R600 were prepared, which can respond to visible light. The photocatalytic concrete test block was prepared by mixing the nanocomposite photocatalyst and other masses with cement by incorporation method. To study the effect of the photocatalyst content on the photocatalytic performance of nanoconcrete, a total of four catalyst contents (0, 2%, 5%, and 8%) were set. The effects of high-temperature treatment (400°C) and different light sources (ultraviolet and visible light) on photocatalytic efficiency were also considered. The results show that the catalytic efficiency of CdS/TiO2-R400 under two light sources is higher than that of the other two photocatalysts. Compared to ultraviolet light sources, the photocatalytic efficiency of CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite concrete under visible light is lower, and the efficiency is below 9%. The optimal amounts of CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst under ultraviolet and visible light are 2% and 5%, respectively. The high-temperature treatment can improve the photocatalytic performance of CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst by 2% to 3%.
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Ibrahim, Islam, George V. Belessiotis, Michalis K. Arfanis, Chrysoula Athanasekou, Athanassios I. Philippopoulos, Christiana A. Mitsopoulou, George Em Romanos, and Polycarpos Falaras. "Surfactant Effects on the Synthesis of Redox Bifunctional V2O5 Photocatalysts." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 4665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204665.
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Novel V2O5 bifunctional photocatalysts were prepared following a wet chemical process with the addition of anionic or non-ionic surfactants into the precursor solution and further heating under reflux. Detailed characterization and investigation of the relevant light-matter interactions proved that surfactants addition had a strong impact on the morphology, while also affecting the crystallinity, the optoelectronic properties, and the surface chemistry of the novel photocatalysts. The most efficient photocatalyst (T80) was based on tween 80, a surface-active agent employed for the first time in the synthesis of vanadium oxide materials. T80 presented crystalline nature without structural defects, which are usually centers of e− − h+ recombination. This material also exhibited small crystal size, high porosity, and short migration paths for the charge carriers, enabling their effective separation during photocatalysis. Under UV light illumination, T80 was capable to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent up to 70% and showed high yields in degrading methylene blue azo-dye and tetracycline antibiotic water pollutants. This remarkably high bifunctional performance defines T80 as a promising and capable photocatalytic material for both advanced oxidation and reduction processes (AOPs-ARPs).
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Bak, Tadeusz, Truls Norby, Janusz Nowotny, Maria K. Nowotny, and Nikolaus Sucher. "Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst - Unresolved Problems." Solid State Phenomena 162 (June 2010): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.162.77.
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The present work considers the performance of TiO2-based photosensitive oxide semiconductors as photocatalysts for water purification. This paper brings together the concepts of solid state chemistry for nonstoichiometric compounds and the concepts of photocatalysis in order to discuss the reactivity between TiO2 and water including microorganisms (bacteria and viruses). The performance of TiO2 photocatalysts are considered in terms of a model of photoelectrochemical cell. The experimental data on photocatalytic removal of microorganisms from water are considered in terms of the effect of several properties, including pH, dispersion, light intensity, and temperature. It is argued that correct understanding of the performance of TiO2 photocatalysts requires recognition that properties of TiO2, which is a nonstoichiometric compound, are determined by defect disorder and the related ability to donate or accept electrons. The photocatalytic properties of TiO2 are considered in terms of the reactivity of both anodic and cathodic sites with water and the related charge transfer at the TiO2/H2O interface. It is shown that the formation of well defined photocatalysts requires knowledge of mass and charge transfer during processing and performance, respectively. The main hurdles in the development of high-performance photocatalysts are discussed.
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Zhen, Yanzhong, Chunming Yang, Huidong Shen, Wenwen Xue, Chunrong Gu, Jinghao Feng, Yuecheng Zhang, Feng Fu, and Yucang Liang. "Photocatalytic performance and mechanism insights of a S-scheme g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 heterostructure in phenol degradation and hydrogen evolution reactions under visible light." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 45 (2020): 26278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp02199g.
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Photocatalysis with sustainable utilization and low cost is an environmentally benign method for the degradation of organic pollutants, but the rational design and fabrication of photocatalysts with high catalytic performance is still an challenge.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "High-performance photocatalysts"
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Liu, Xiaoqing. "Developing efficient photocatalysts for high-performance decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid." Thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/163178.
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University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are a set of chemicals containing C-F bonds, which are concerned due to their persistent and toxicological properties. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, C7F15COOH) is one of the most widely used PFCs. Photocatalytic approaches appear to be an effective way for the removal of PFCs. We first used metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived In2O3 for photocatalytic degradation of PFOA under UV light irradiation. The results show that PFOA was completely decomposed in 3 h. MOFs-derived In2O3 was super-hydrophilic with a contact angle of ~20º, which facilitated the tight coordination between PFOA and In2O3. Lower calcination temperatures enable higher oxygen vacancy concentrations and larger specific surface area (SSA) of In2O3. In2O3 prepared at 300 ºC (In2O3-300) and 400 ºC (In2O3-400) demonstrated better catalytic performance, and PFOA (10 mg L‒1) could be completely removed within 4 h, with a defluorination ratio of 39% over In2O3-400 in 8h. Fe3+ only slightly increased the defluorination ratio of PFOA over In2O3-400 to 43%. A much higher defluorination ratio of ~60% was obtained in In2O3-600 system after the addition of Fe3+, than the defluorination ratio of ~20% over In2O3-600. Combined with a series of characterizations, we speculated that Fe3+ participated in the coordination between PFOA and In2O3-600, thus promoting the defluorination of PFOA. The BiOX/TiO2 heterojunctions demonstrated significantly enhanced efficiency for photocatalytic decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) compared with BiOX or TiO2. PFOA (10 mg L‒1) was completely degraded by BiOCl/TiO2 in 8h with a high defluorination ratio of 82 %. The charge transfer and photo-induced electron hole separation were facilitated by the p-n heterojunctions between BiOX and TiO2 and the inner electric fields (IEF) in BiOX. XRD and TEM characterizations indicated that TiO2 combined with BiOX along the [110] facet, which facilitated photo-induced electron transfer in the [001] direction, thus benefiting PFOA decomposition. Single bismuth (Bi) atoms decorated TiO2 catalyst (N-Bi/TiO2) was synthesized by a green and simple UV irradiation method using Bi(NO3)3 as the precursor. When BiCl3 was used as the Bi precursor, BiOCl nanocluster were formed on the surface of TiO2 (denoted as Cl-Bi/TiO2). Both N-Bi/TiO2 and Cl-Bi/TiO2 demonstrated excellent performance for the defluorination of PFOA. In-situ DRIFTS spectra demonstrated that the Bi single atoms in N-Bi/TiO2 induced the ionization of C-F bond of PFOA, leading to the deep defluorination of PFOA. Our findings provide approaches for manipulating the photocatalytic activities of In2O3 and TiO2-based composites for the high-performance decomposition of PFOA.
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Liao, Wei-Kun, and 廖為坤. "High performance of NiO/K2Ti6O13 Photocatalysts for Water-splitting to Produce Hydrogen." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9dczz6.
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碩士大同大學
化學工程學系(所)
95
In this research, the photocatalysts K2TinO2n+1 are prepare by mixing K2CO3with TiO2 prepared by the so-gel method on the precursor at variable mole ratio, and are obtained by applying the solid state reacation method to calcinate respectively for 10 hour,24 hour and 50 hour. The photocatalysts prepared are then loaded with NiO on the carrier to obtain NiO/K2TinO2n+1. Finally, among these catalysts, those with the best potocatalyst activities for producing hydrogen are chosen for doping with Rh ion. The characteristic of the photocatalysts are analyzed respectively by means of X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD), UV-vis spectrum analyzer, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and the specific surface area analyzer (BET). From XRD results, it can be known that the crystalline structure of the catalyst is K2Ti6O13; besides from UV-vis it can be observed that the photocatalyst K2Ti6O13 which have been doped with Rh ions possess strong ability of absorbing light within the extent of visible light. From SEM resalts it can be seen that surface appearance of the catalysts are in the form of rectangular whiskers. In addition, from BET results, it can be known that the catalysts with molar ratio value of 6 and after being calinated for 24 hours possess the largest (specific) surface area. The activities of photocatalysts K2Ti6O13 are measured by using batch reactor with respectively pure water and 10% methanol aqueous solution under the irradiation of ultraviolet light and visible light for splitting to produce hydrogen, and the compositions of the products are analyzed by means of gas chromatograph (GC). This research is to study the effects of the molar proportion of TiO2 to K2CO3 and the calination time on the structures and characteristics of the catalysts. Besides, the relationship between the optimal quantities of loading NiO with the activities and physical characteristics of the photocatalysts are deeply investigated. From experimental results, it can be known that with the molar ratio value TiO2/K2CO3 of 6, after being calinated for 24 hours, the photocatalyst 0.3wt% NiO/K2Ti6O13 under the irradiation of ultraviolet light possess the best water splitting reaction activity, and the active hydrogen production rate of the photocatalyst is 87.2μmol/h, in addition, with the irradiation of visible light, the hydrogen production rate of the photocatalyst 0.3wt% NiO//K2Ti6O13 is 33.6 μmol/h.
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Xia, Bingquan. "Two-dimensional nanomaterials as photocatalysts for solar-driven production of chemicals." Thesis, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/135638.
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The utilisation of renewable solar energy shows great potential in tackling the problem of increasing carbon emission due to the combustion of traditional fossil fuels. To achieve carbon neutrality, more efforts need to be made on the exploration of efficient conversion of solar energy into chemical fuels/feedstocks. Particularly, chemical fuels with high energy density are ideal for storage and transportation. For the efficient transformation of solar energy into chemical fuels, high-performance photocatalysts are required to facilitate this process. Therefore, this thesis aims to find out a universal strategy for designing and fabricating novel nanomaterials as efficient photocatalysts for photocatalytic reactions. Besides, photocatalysts for emerging reactions fabricated via advanced delicate techniques and demonstrated for widespread applications are also reviewed and discussed comprehensively. Thanks to the ultrathin layered structure and exposed uncoordinated atoms, the exposed edges of 2D nanomaterials have shown great potential in acting as reactive sites for various photocatalytic reactions. In this thesis, two-dimensional Co-MOF, Ni-MOF and FePS3 (discussed in chapters 3-5) have been introduced to cooperate with the main photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and it turns out that they have significantly improved the initial catalytic performances of the counterparts without them. These twodimensional nanomaterials play key roles in improving the photocatalytic activity of the main photocatalyst by providing sufficient reactive sites and facilitating charge separation/transfer. Also, the recent research progress of solar-driven simultaneous production of hydrogen and value-added chemicals (chapter 2), and the single-atom-based photocatalysts for emerging reactions (chapter 6) have been reviewed and discussed in this thesis. The combination of searching for high-performance photocatalysts and adapting for emerging reactions will promote the transformation and utilisation of solar energy. Probing into the origin of the structure-performance relationship and finding out a universal strategy for designing and screening outstanding high-performance photocatalysts for various reactions is of great importance for research on solar energy transformation. Meanwhile, finding approaches to improving solar-driven reaction efficiency will be of great benefit to the development of the solar energy industry as well.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, 2022
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Lin, Chin-Han, and 林志翰. "High Performance of SrTiO3 Photocatalyst for Water-Splitting to Produce Hydrogen under Visible Light." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85ah76.
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碩士大同大學
化學工程學系(所)
95
This research is mainly to investigate the application of the photocatalyst SrTiO3 in the visible light water-splitting reaction to produce hydrogen, so as to replace the petro-fuel. In this research, SrCO3 and commercial TiO2 are used as the precursors, the photocatalyst SrTiO3 is prepared by carrying out the solid state reaction to calcine the precursor for 10 hours. The photocatalysts SrTiO3 prepared are not only treated by doping with various ions of Cr, Rh and Ta ect. respectively, but also all carried with Pt in order to prepare the water splitting photocatalysts of high performance for producing hydrogen. The properties of SrTiO3 are measured respectively with X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD), UV-Vis spectrum analyzer, Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and specific surface area analyzer (BET). From the experimental result of XRD, it can be known that SrTiO3 is of the crystalline structure of perovskite, from UV-Vis results, it is known that SrTiO3 after doping with Cr,Rh and Ta respectively, has strong ability of absorbing light within the extent of visible light. From SEM results, the surface morphology of the photocatalysts SrTiO3 can be known after doping with metallic ions, the particles of photocatalysts become small, and from BET results, it can be known that the surface areas increase with the increase of the concentrations of doping metallic ions. The activity measurements of photocatalysts are proceeded by using batch reactors, the splitting reaction is carried out with respectively pure water and 10% methanol aqueous solution under the irradiation of the visible light of the 450W high pressure mercury arc light. In this research, the effects of the concentrations of doping metallic ions inside SrTiO3 and calcination temperatures on the catalyst characteristics and activities are studied. From the experiment results, it can be known that the catalysts, Pt(1wt%)/SrTiO3:RhTa(Rh:2mole%,Ta:2mole%), which are synthesized at the cination temperature of 1150℃, posses the highest rate of producing hydrogen of about 55μmole•h-1gcat.-1 in 10% methanol aqueous solution.
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Biaduń, Ewa. "Przygotowanie próbek wód zanieczyszczonych do analizy specjacyjnej As, Cr i Tl." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3459.
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Przygotowanie próbki do analizy specjacyjnej jest trudnym zadaniem, praktycznie każda próbka i każdy analit wymagają osobnych scenariuszy analitycznych. Arsen, chrom oraz tal należą do grupy pierwiastków znajdujących się na liście priorytetów badawczych Amerykańskiej Agencji Ochrony Środowiska (US EPA). Analiza specjacyjna szeregu pierwiastków jest istotnym elementem nowoczesnego monitoringu środowiska, ponieważ ich toksyczność, mobilność, czy biodostępność zależy od stopnia utlenienia oraz formy chemicznej. Do najbardziej toksycznych form As należą połączenia nieorganiczne, natomiast organiczne związki arsenu są nietoksyczne. Związki Cr(III) są mniej rozpuszczalne i bardziej stabilne w naturalnym wodnym środowisku, podczas gdy związki Cr(VI) są bardziej rozpuszczalne i mobilne. Związki Tl(III) są bardziej toksyczne niż związki Tl(I). Woda, jako abiotyczny element środowiska naturalnego odpowiada za transport zanieczyszczeń oraz zmianę form specjacyjnych pierwiastków. Wodę można podzielić na frakcję rozpuszczoną, która odpowiada za transport zanieczyszczeń oraz fazę zwieszoną (SPM), która jest odpowiedzialna za współstrącanie form chemicznych As, Cr oraz Tl. Zebrano próbki wód zawierających związki powierzchniowo czynne oraz sprawdzono powinowactwo wybranych form As, Cr i Tl do zawiesiny (SPM). Formy specjacyjne rozdzielono i zatężono z wykorzystaniem ekstrakcji do fazy stałej. Zastosowano różne sorbenty m.in. SGX C18 modyfikowany pyrolidynoditiokarbaminanem amonu (APDC) oraz tlenek glinu modyfikowany dodecylosiarczanem sodu (SDS). Sprawdzono możliwość wydzielania As(III), Cr(III) i Tl(III) z wody. Jednak tylko dla Tl(III) zaproponowano kompletną procedurę wydzielenia i zatężenia Tl(III) z matrycy wody. Następnie sprawdzono możliwość wykorzystania fotokatalizatorów tritlenku wolframu oraz tritlenku diżelaza do rozłożenia surfaktantów przed analizą specjacyjną. Zaproponowano różne warstwy aktywne składające się z fotokatalizatorów tlenków wolframu i żelaza. Płytki te oceniono podczas rozkładu SDS oraz Tritonu X-114, gdzie sensorem był układ elektroda rtęciowa i oznaczanie śladowych ilości Pb(II). Wybrane fotowarstwy sprawdzono w degradacji związków organicznych przed analizą specjacyjną arsenu, chromu i talu. Opracowano pełną procedurę od pobrania próbki do analizy związków As i Tl w wodach o dużej zawartości związków powierzchniowo czynnych. Scenariusz analityczny oparty na fotokatalizie mógłby być włączony w nowoczesną analizę środowiskową.Sample preparation for speciation analysis is a difficult task, practically each sample and each analyte requires unique analytical scenarios. As, Cr i Tl belong to the group of elements included in the list of research priorities of the American Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Toxicity, mobility, or bioavailability of many elements depend on their oxidation state and chemical form. For this reason speciation analysis is an important element of modern environmental monitoring. The most toxic forms of As are inorganic compounds, while organic arsenic compounds are non-toxic. Cr(III) compounds are less soluble and more stable, while Cr(VI) compounds are more soluble and mobile in the natural aqueous environment. Tl(III) compounds are more toxic than Tl(I) compounds. Water, which is an abiotic element of the environment, is responsible for transport of pollutants and changes of the speciation forms of elements. Water can be divided into two phases: dissolved phase which is responsible for the transport of pollutants and suspended particulate matter (SPM) which is responsible for co-precipitation of chemical forms of As, Cr and Tl. Water samples containing surface active compounds were collected. The affinity of selected As, Cr and Tl forms for SPM was checked. The speciation forms were separated and preconcentrated using solid phase extraction. Various sorbents have been applied, e.g. SGX C18 modified with ammonium pyrolidinedithiocarbamate and alumina modified with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The possibility of simultaneous separation of As(III), Cr(III) and Tl(III) from water was tested. However, a complete procedure was developed only for separation and preconcentration of Tl(III) from the water matrix. Next, the possibility of application of photocatalysts: tungsten and iron oxides for decomposition of surface-active compounds before the speciation of As, Cr and Tl was tested. Different active layers consisting of tungsten and iron oxides have been proposed. These active layers were evaluated during the decomposition of SDS and Triton X-114. Decomposition efficiency was evaluated on the basis of voltammetric determination of trace amounts of Pb(II) with a mercury electrode, which is very sensitive to interferences from organic compounds. Selected photolayers were tested in the degradation of organic compounds before speciation analysis of arsenic, chromium and thallium. A complete procedure (from sampling to determination) for analysis of As and Tl compounds in waters with high content of surfactants was developed. Analytical scenarios based on photocatalysis could be included in the modern environmental monitoring.
Book chapters on the topic "High-performance photocatalysts"
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Goutham, R., K. P. Gopinath, A. Ramprasath, B. Srikanth, and R. Badri Narayan. "High-Performance Photocatalysts for Organic Reactions." In Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, 219–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04949-2_9.
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Wei, Zhen, and Yongfa Zhu. "Synthesis and Performance Enhancement for Bi2WO6 as High-Activity Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysts." In Nanostructured Photocatalysts, 359–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26079-2_21.
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Lin, Xin Ping, Fu Qiang Huang, Wen Deng Wang, Zhi Chao Shan, and Jian Lin Shi. "A Series of Bi-Based Oxychlorides as Efficient Photocatalysts." In High-Performance Ceramics V, 1503–6. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.1503.
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E, Lei, Ming Xia Xu, Lei Ge, Yu Ming Tian, Yan Li, and Tiantian Xu. "Preparation and Properties of Titanium Oxide Photocatalyst with Visible Light Activity." In High-Performance Ceramics III, 377–80. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-959-8.377.
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Lee, Ming Kwei, Tsung Hsiang Shih, Chen Lia Ho, Hung Chang Lee, Chih Feng Yen, Hwai Fu Tu, and Cho Han Fan. "Photocatalyses of Nano-Scaled ZnSe/TiO2 and ZnS/TiO2 Heterojunctions." In High-Performance Ceramics V, 1474–76. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.1474.
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Balakrishnan, Neethu T. M., Asha Paul, M. A. Krishnan, Akhila Das, Leya Rose Raphaez, Jou-Hyeon Ahn, M. J. Jabeen Fatima, and Raghavan Prasanth. "Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) as High-Performance Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries." In Metal, Metal-Oxides and Metal Sulfides for Batteries, Fuel Cells, Solar Cells, Photocatalysis and Health Sensors, 35–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63791-0_2.
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Singha, Monoj Kumar, and Vineet Rojwal. "Spray Pyrolysis Thin Film Deposition Technique for Micro-Sensors and Devices." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 178–202. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2584-5.ch011.
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Thin film is used for sensing and electronic devices applications. Various techniques are used for thin film deposition. This chapter presents the Spray pyrolysis deposition technique used for the growth of thin films sensing and device material. Spray pyrolysis is an inexpensive method to grow good crystalline thin film compared to other thin film deposition techniques. The chapter gives an overview of the spray process used for thin film deposition. Basic setup for this process is explained. Parameters affecting the deposition process is explained, as are the various spray methods. Finally, some examples of spray pyrolysis in different applications like a gas sensor, UV photodetector, solar cell, photocatalysis, and supercapacitor are discussed.
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Nyika, Joan Mwihaki. "Nanotechnology and Its Applications in Environmental Remediation." In Applications of Nanomaterials in Agriculture, Food Science, and Medicine, 29–48. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5563-7.ch002.
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Decontamination of pollutants from soil, air, and water is a challenging quest in contemporary society due to the recalcitrant, bioaccumulative, and bio-resistant nature of such contaminants. Remediation processes of these environmental contaminants relies on a number of processes including adsorption, photocatalysis, redox transformations, and filtration among other chemical reactions. The use of nanotechnology to enhance the performance of remediation processes has developed research interest in modern day due to the high reactivity and environmental friendliness associated with nanoparticles. This chapter explores the science behind the application of nanotechnology in environmental remediation, the processes used in decontaminating environmental media, and the various categories of nanomaterials. Various examples based on literature are used to enhance insight on the subject.
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Nyika, Joan Mwihaki. "Nanotechnology and Its Applications in Environmental Remediation." In Research Anthology on Emerging Techniques in Environmental Remediation, 71–90. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3714-8.ch004.
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Decontamination of pollutants from soil, air, and water is a challenging quest in contemporary society due to the recalcitrant, bioaccumulative, and bio-resistant nature of such contaminants. Remediation processes of these environmental contaminants relies on a number of processes including adsorption, photocatalysis, redox transformations, and filtration among other chemical reactions. The use of nanotechnology to enhance the performance of remediation processes has developed research interest in modern day due to the high reactivity and environmental friendliness associated with nanoparticles. This chapter explores the science behind the application of nanotechnology in environmental remediation, the processes used in decontaminating environmental media, and the various categories of nanomaterials. Various examples based on literature are used to enhance insight on the subject.
Conference papers on the topic "High-performance photocatalysts"
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Liu, Hong. "Approaches to build nanostructured high performance photocatalysts——principles and practices." In Photonics for Energy. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pfe.2015.pw2f.4.
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Chen, Yen-Shin, Bo-Kai Chao, Tadaaki Nagao, and Chun-Hway Hsueh. "Improvement of Photocatalytic Efficiency by Adding Ag Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide to TiO2." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2017.5p_a410_12.
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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the commonly used photocatalyst. However, because only a small ultraviolet portion of solar spectrum can excite the electron-hole pairs resulting from the large band gap (3.2 eV) [1] and the recombination rate is high, its efficiency is restrained. To overcome this drawback, we added silver nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to construct the ternary plasmonic catalyst to improve the catalytic performance of TiO2 nanopowder (P25). We prepared three different geometries of Ag nanostructures including sphere, decahedron and prism because the plasmon resonance properties of Ag could be controlled by the morphology of Ag nanoparticle, which shows characteristic strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) leading to an increase in light absorption [2]. The incorporated RGO inhibited the charge recombination and enhanced the electron-hole separation. In this study, Ag nanodecahedrons/P25/RGO and Ag nano-prisms/P25/RGO hybrid photocatalysts possessed remarkable photocatalytic activity, which displayed over 8 times higher photocatalytic efficiency than the P25 photocatalyst.
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Yamamoto, K., Y. Matsuura, A. Nakamura, T. Sonoda, S. Matsushima, and K. Yamada. "Plasma CVD treatment for titanium dioxides to approach the high performance of photocatalysts by visible light irradiation." In 2010 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2010.5686668.
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Wullenkord, Michael, Christian Jung, and Christian Sattler. "Design of a Concentrator With a Rectangular Flat Focus and Operation With a Suspension Reactor for Experiments in the Field of Photocatalytic Water Splitting." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6546.
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Photocatalytic water splitting is a potential route for future carbon-free production of hydrogen. However catalysts still need to be enhanced in order to reach acceptable solar-to-fuel efficiency. In the context of the project HyCats funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany a high performance test facility for the evaluation of the activity of photocatalysts under practical conditions was established. It mainly consists of a solar concentrator and a planar receiver reactor. A modified linear Fresnel concentrator configuration was chosen based on ray tracing simulation results and improved concerning the number of different facets and the tolerance of tracking errors. It meets the major demand of a homogeneous irradiance distribution on the surface of the reactor. The SoCRatus (Solar Concentrator with a Rectangular Flat Focus) is a 2-axis solar concentrator with a geometrical concentration ratio of 20.2 and an aperture area of 8.8 m2. The tracking accuracy is better than 0.1° respecting both the solar azimuth and altitude angle. Its 22 highly UV/Vis-reflective flat aluminum mirror facets reflect the sunlight resulting in a rectangular focus with a nominal width of 100 mm and a nominal length of 2500 mm. The reactor is placed in the focal plane at a distance of 2500 mm from the mounting plane of the facets and allows concentrated solar radiation to penetrate suspensions of water, electrolytes and photocatalyst particles flowing through it. Corresponding to a maximum angle of incidence of 36.6° the Quartz window reflects not more than 5% of the incoming radiation and assures only marginal absorption, particularly in the UV-part of the sun’s spectrum. The material of the receiver body is PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) providing reflection coefficients above 90% concerning wavelengths of UV-A and UV-B. The design of the reactor features two parallel reaction chambers, offering the possibility to test two separate suspensions at the same irradiation conditions. A pump transports the tempered suspension to the reactor. The geometry of the reactor inlet and outlet minimizes critical regions with inadequate flow caused by vortices. Any evolved gases are separated from the suspension in a tank together with nitrogen introduced in the piping upstream and are analyzed by micro chromatographs. Numerous devices are installed in order to control and monitor the reaction conditions. First experiments have been carried out using methanol as a sacrificial reagent.
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Nara, Matsunori, and Keiji Yoda. "Purification of Sea Pollution by a Bio-Micromachine." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79240.
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Contamination of sea water is proceeding quickly under the influence of climate changes including global warming. The cause of the expansion of seawater pollution is an elevated water temperature by the climate change and an inflow of the pollution river water. The problem of seawater pollution occurs as a result that planet’s environmental problem and regional environmental problems are combined. The effective method for removing these contaminants from sea water now is not developed. In this research, the method of producing the micromachine which fixed the photocatalyst to the surface of the substance designed so that it might float near a sea surface was built up. And experimental examination was performed about the conditions for removing the organic matter and nutritive salts in the sea using this micromachine. In addition, as a result of performing theoretical examination about a photocatalyst, the titanium dioxide was chosen as a suitable photocatalyst. In the examination about the quality of the material of a micromachine, since an organic polymer substance like styrene foam will be decomposed by the photocatalyst made to adhere to the surface, it decided to use the sphere of metal hollow. Metal took the corrosive protection performance into consideration. Moreover, the form of a metal ball was designed so that photocatalyst efficiency might become high. This metal ball can be collected and re-used after a treatment end. In order to make a photocatalyst bond to a surface of metal, baking by the water solvent method and an alcoholic solvent method was performed. Here, specific treatment conditions required in order to carry out the supported of the photocatalyst to metal certainly were clarified. A phosphate and nitrogen caused eutrophication and the damage by eutrophication is increasing them by in recent years. Then, the experiment about decomposition removal of the phosphate and nitrogen which are the causative agent which pollutes sea water was conducted. According to the evaluation experiment of the performance of a micromachine, the removal ratio of a phosphate was about 30%, and the removal ratio of nitrogen was about 60%. It was shown that the suitable amount of micro-machines per unit volume and the interval between them must be maintained here. As mentioned above, establishment of the manufacture method of a micromachine and the fundamental verification about the performance were able to be performed. However, a conclusion clear about the performance in the depth direction of a micromachine is not obtained, but it is a future subject.
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Li, Chang-Jiu, Guan-Jun Yang, Xin-Chun Huang, Wen-Ya Li, and Akira Ohmori. "Formation of TiO2 Photocatalyst Through Cold Spraying." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0315.
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Abstract TiO2 photocatalyst in the form of coatings are of many advantages over those in powder form in practical applications. Various processes have been used to form TiO2 coatings including sputtering, Sol-Gel, vapor deposition, thermal spraying, etc. In all those processes, the coatings are deposited under temperatures from 300 to more than 2000 °C. High temperature during those processing may change the microstructure of the as-received TiO2 to a less effective one for photocataltyic performance. In the present study, TiO2 coating was deposited through cold spraying process using two types of powders, which were agglomerated with anatase ultra-fine particles in micro-size and nano-size. Microstructures of both powders and deposited coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic performance was examined through acetaldehyde degradation under ultraviolet illumination. The results showed that the nanostructured TiO2 coatings were evenly deposited on stainless steel substrate through cold spraying. The thickness of the deposits reached up to 15 µm. The coating presented a rough surface and porous structure. Owing to the low temperature of spray powders, no change occurred to the phase and grain size of TiO2 during deposition process. It was also found that the cold sprayed TiO2 deposits were photocatalytically active for photodegradation of acetaldehyde.
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Lelis, M. "Investigation of bi-layered ZnO-Ni photocatalyst powder produced by reactive magnetron sputtering technique." In Global Advanced Materials & Surfaces - GAMS International Conference 2022. SETCOR Conferences and Events, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26799/cp-gams2022/1.
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The goal of the current study was to produce magnetic photocatalyst powder consisting of bi-layered ZnO-Ni particles for easy manipulation and collection during the repetitive photocatalytic water treatments. First, magnetron sputtering was used to cover NaCl grains by Ni underlayer and ZnO overlayer. Then the salt was washed off with distilled water. SEM, EDS and XRD analysis confirmed that obtained particles can be characterized as bi-layered open shells with nanocrystalline ZnO phase on one side and metallic Ni on the other side. In laboratory tests larger part of initial bi-layered powder were successfully recollected by magnets even after 10 consecutive usage cycles. Measurements of photocatalytic performance demonstrated relatively high activity and stability of bi-layered ZnO-Ni powder. Photocatalytic treatment of S. Typhimurium bacteria with ZnO-Ni powder and UV light in 1 hour reduced S. Typhimurium viability by more than 98 %, but similar treatment using visible light was not efficient.
Reports on the topic "High-performance photocatalysts"
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Asenath-Smith, Emily, Emma Ambrogi, Eftihia Barnes, and Jonathon Brame. CuO enhances the photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃ through synergistic reactive oxygen species interactions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42131.
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Iron oxide (α-Fe₂O₃, hematite) colloids were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and investigated as catalysts for the photodegradation of an organic dye under broad-spectrum illumination. To enhance photocatalytic performance, Fe₂O₃ was combined with other transition-metal oxide (TMO) colloids (e.g., CuO and ZnO), which are sensitive to different regions of the solar spectrum (far visible and ultraviolet, respectively), using a ternary blending approach for compositional mixtures. For a variety of ZnO/Fe₂O₃/CuO mole ratios, the pseudo-first-order rate constant for methyl orange degradation was at least double the sum of the individual Fe₂O₃ and CuO rate constants, indicating there is an underlying synergy governing the photocatalysis reaction with these combinations of TMOs. A full compositional study was carried out to map the interactions between the three TMOs. Additional experiments probed the identity and role of reactive oxygen species and elucidated the mechanism by which CuO enhanced Fe₂O₃ photodegradation while ZnO did not. The increased photocatalytic performance of Fe2O3 in the presence of CuO was associated with hydroxyl radical ROS, consistent with heterogeneous photo-Fenton mechanisms, which are not accessible by ZnO. These results imply that low-cost photocatalytic materials can be engineered for high performance under solar illumination by selective pairing of TMOs with compatible ROS.