Academic literature on the topic 'High note effect'
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Journal articles on the topic "High note effect"
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Huang, Zhiming, and Haozhen Situ. "A note on thermalization of curved spacetime." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 33 (October 28, 2019): 1950274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319502742.
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In this paper, within the framework of open-system dynamics, we investigate the thermalization phenomena of Unruh effect and de Sitter spacetime. It is shown that the Unruh effect, thermal effect of de Sitter spacetime and Hawking effect are similar in nature.
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Shouqin, Z., X. Jun, and W. Changzheng. "Note: Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Extraction of Flavonoids in Propolis." Food Science and Technology International 11, no. 3 (June 2005): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013205054420.
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The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the extraction of flavonoids components (chrysin and galangin) of propolis was studied. The experimental results showed that HHP did not modify their molecular structure. The extraction yields of flavonoids compounds by HHP for 1min were even higher than those obtained with extraction at room temperature (ERT) for 7 days. These excellent results showed a bright prospect for extraction of flavonoids components from propolis.
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Keister, Mary, and Joshua Hall. "High School Employment And Academic Achievement: A Note For Educators." Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) 3, no. 1 (November 5, 2010): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/cier.v3i1.164.
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Educators are often in a position to affect student decisions to work during the school term. This study reviews and summarizes the literature on the effect that employment during high school has on academic achievement. The available evidence suggests that part-time jobs for high school students are beneficial as long as the number of hours worked per week stays under 20.
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Fujiwara, Ippei. "A NOTE ON GROWTH EXPECTATION." Macroeconomic Dynamics 14, no. 2 (May 20, 2009): 242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100509090105.
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Recently, several researchers have succeeded in producing expectation–driven cycles by balancing the tension between the wealth effect and the substitution effect stemming from the higher expected future productivity. Especially, seminal research by Christiano et al. (“Monetary Policy and Stock Market Boom–Bust Cycles,” mimeo, Northwestern University, 2007), explains “stock market boom–bust cycles,” characterized by increases in consumption, labor inputs, investment, and stock prices relating to high expected future technology levels. We, however, show that such expectation–driven cycles are difficult to generate based on “growth expectation,” which reflects expectations of higher productivity growth rates.
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E, Siyu, Yinli Zhou, Xing Zhang, Jianwei Zhang, Youwen Huang, Yugang Zeng, Jinjiang Cui, Yun Liu, Yongqiang Ning, and Lijun Wang. "High-order DBR semiconductor lasers: effect of grating parameters on grating performance: publisher’s note." Applied Optics 59, no. 29 (October 9, 2020): 9284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.411707.
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Suh, Sangmin. "Stability Driven Optimal Controller Design for High Quality Images." Electronics 7, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120437.
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This note presents an optimal design method to enhance image quality in optical image stabilization (OIS) systems. First of all, performance limitations of conventional methods are shown and secondly, a new design framework based on convex optimization is proposed. The resulting controller essentially stabilizes the closed loop systems because the proposed method is derived from Lyapunov stability. From the test results, it is confirmed that this method reduces the effect of hand vibrations and makes images sharp. Additionally, it is shown that the proposed method is also effective in robot vision and recognition rate of deep neural network (DNN) based traffic signs and pedestrians detection in automotive applications. This note has three main contributions. First, performance limitations of the conventional method are shown. Second, from the relation between sensitivity and complementary sensitivity functions, an indirect design method for performance improvement is proposed, and finally, stability guaranteed optimal design is proposed. Unlike conventional methods, the proposed method does not require addition filters to suppress resonances of the plant and this note highlights phases of the closed loop systems on removing external vibrations.
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Paul, Helmut. "A note on the density effect in the stopping power for positive ions." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 217, no. 1 (March 2004): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2003.08.046.
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Mitic, Peter. "The Effect of Financial Regulation on Reputation." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 11, no. 6 (December 2020): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2020.11.6.678.
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Recent high profile breaches of regulation by prominent UK financial institutions suggest that self-regulation is ineffective. Intuitively, regulatory breaches should result in a tarnished reputation, but that conjecture is unsubstantiated. With objective measurement of reputation, we demonstrate that reputational damage is not a significant deterrent against regulatory breaches. Imposing regulatory fines is also no deterrent. We speculate that customers are prepared to tolerate large regulatory breaches: retail customers provided they are not affected personally, and corporate customers as long as investments do not devalue. Regulation has not previously been linked to reputation, and this result is significant because it adds to the argument that external regulation remains necessary. Note is also made of recent unsuccessful initiatives on self-regulation.
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SIDHARTH, B. G. "A NOTE ON NON-COMMUTATIVITY AND MASS GENERATION." International Journal of Modern Physics E 14, no. 06 (September 2005): 923–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301305003582.
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Bao, Xiaoli. "The Effect of Note-Taking Strategy Training on Passage Listening Comprehension." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 6 (November 13, 2020): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n6p431.
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This study aims at exploring the effects of note-taking strategy on passage listening performance of college students and its implications for listening teaching. For this purpose, the author carried out a study for 15 weeks in Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities. The subjects are divided into experimental class and control class. The teaching method used in the experimental class focuses on incorporating the note-taking strategy training into listening courses and the teaching method used in the control class follows the normal one without the training process of note-taking strategy. The instruments include the pre-test, the post-test, pre-questionnaire and post-questionnaire, and the data collected from the study are analyzed through SPSS17.0.
The major findings show note-taking strategy has a positive effect on college students’ passage listening comprehension. After a period of note-taking training, students’ comprehensive competence in listening has improved to some extent. 2) Taking notes as much as possible is not an efficient way to get high-quality notes. The number of questions answerable from the notes is proved closely correlated with achievement of listening comprehension. The other three indices of the total number of notes, the content words notes and the notations have no significance with subjects’ quality of answer.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "High note effect"
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Kline, Carol S. "Effects of guided notes on academic achievement of learning disabled high school students." Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1134064996.
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Sato, Sumito. "High-affinity urokinase-derived cyclic peptides inhibiting urokinase-urokinase receptor-interaction : effects on tumor growth and spread." kostenfrei, 2009. https://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/node?id=653320.
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Cremata, Radio. "The effects of rote and note teaching on the performance of high school chorus." FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2486.
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The purpose of this research is to compare the effects two different teaching techniques-rote and note--have upon high school chorus. Rote instruction involves teaching students who do not have music in front of them. Note instruction involves teaching students who do have music in front of them. The methodology counterbalanced two different high school choirs. Rote and note taught groups were taught four of the same 3-part SAB chorale settings type music. Two recordings were made of each song for each group - once after 30 minutes of instruction and second 24 hours later to test retention. Recordings were randomized and mastered onto CD and given to experts for evaluation. Across the board results were that rote taught groups scored higher than note taught groups on intonation, note accuracy and rhythm. This research does not recommend doing away entirely with note instruction. Rather, this research gives credence to rote as a valid music learning technique, often misunderstood because of the conflicting reports found in the professional literature.
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Climenhaga, Sandra Jane. "The effect of using guided notes for at risk high school science students." Montana State University, 2011. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2011/climenhaga/ClimenhagaS0811.pdf.
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The Take Flight Program in Albion, NY had 20 students who took the Living Environment science class. This study examined the use of a guided note strategy to replace the traditional science notebook for these students. Over the course of three weeks the effectiveness of the guided note packet was measured with quiz scores, concept map preparation, student attitude and final test scores. Results suggested an improvement in attitude and improved test scores.
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MacMillin, Peter Edward. "Trim, Control, and Performance Effects in Variable-Complexity High-Speed Civil Transport Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36717.
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Numerous trim, control requirements and mission generalizations have been made to our previous multidisciplinary design methodology for a high speed civil transport. We optimize the design for minimum take off gross weight, including both aerodynamics and structures to find the wing planform and thickness distribution, fuselage shape, engine placement and thrust, using 29 design variables. While adding trim and control it was found necessary to simultaneously consider landing gear integration. We include the engine-out and crosswind landing requirements, as well as engine nacelle ground strike for lateral-directional requirements. For longitudinal requirements we include nose-wheel lift-off rotation and approach trim as the critical conditions. We found that the engine-out condition and the engine nacelle ground strike avoidance were critical conditions. The addition of a horizontal tail to provide take-off rotation resulted in a signiffcant weight penalty, and that penalty proved to be sensitive to the position of the landing gear. We include engine sizing with thrust during cruise and balanced field length conditions. Both the thrust during cruise and balanced field length constraints were critical. We include a subsonic leg in our mission analysis. The addition of a subsonic mission requirement also results in a large weight penalty.Master of Science
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Wang, Shuo. "The Reliability Paradox: When High Reliability Does not Signal Reliable Detection of Experimental Effects." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1556893720324442.
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Herman, Eugene J. "To retain or not to retain the effect of early retention on successful graduation from high school /." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999hermane.pdf.
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Wasserman, Stexgård Katarina, and Emil Walter. "Att organisera och leda militär verksamhet vid påfrestningar : Utmaningar och lösningar." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37002.
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Svensk militär verksamhet organiseras och leds i ett normalläge, för att snabbt kunna möta och hantera en hastigt uppkommen påfrestning. På motsvarande sätt finns annan verksamhet i samhället som verkar under liknande förutsättningar. Vad kännetecknar en militär organisation som skall hantera påfrestningar med hög operativ effekt, och vad utmärker metoden för att leda verksamheten vid påfrestning? Vilka utmaningar och lösningar kan identifieras? I syfte att vidga perspektiven gjordes en jämförelse i kontrasterande syfte mellan ett militärt förband och ett akutsjukhus. Genom en induktivt driven ansats och kvalitativ metod, genomfördes sju semistrukturerade djupintervjuer vid Luftstridsskolan i Uppsala och Lokal katastrofledning vid Gävle sjukhus. Likheterna mellan de undersökta enheterna avseende organisation och ledningsmetod samt utmaningar och lösningar kopplade till detta var stor. Med utgångspunkt i begreppen High Reliability Organizations och Ambidextrous Organizations diskuteras resultaten, som ger förutsättningar att utveckla organisation och ledningsmetod främst vid författarnas förband Luftstridsskolan. För att nå detta är författarnas konkreta rekommendationer, med stöd i empiri och litteratur, bl.a. att i högre utsträckning nyttja tvärfunktionellt sammansatta ledningsgrupper för att hantera påfrestningar eller komplexa planeringsuppgifter och därigenom minska stuprörstänkande, att sträva mot förbättrad gemensam lägesbild vid flottiljstab och att avkräva lojalitet mot beslutad organisation och ledningsmetod. Detta bedöms leda till ökad operativ effekt vid förbandet.Swedish armed forces are normally organized for education and training on a daily basis, for the purpose of rapidly being able to deal with sudden events or strains. What signifies a military organization and command dealing with these kinds of strains whilst maintaining a high level of operational effect? What challenges do they face and what kinds of solutions are available? In order to expand the perspective a comparison was made with a military unit and an emergency hospital. This study was carried out withan inductive and qualitative method, and seven semi-structured interviews were conducted. By the perspectives of High Reliability Organizations and Ambidextrous Organizations, the results are discussed. The resemblances between the two researched units are surprisingly striking in the investigated areas of interest. In order to improve organization and command at the researched military unit, the authors recommend the following actions: the use of joint functions command groups to a greater extent in order to enhance the ability to handle strains and sudden events, to strive for a greater level of situational awareness on all levels in the organization and the demand for loyalty to organization and structure of management decided by the commander. These actions are deemed to increase the level of operational effect at the unit.
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Jackson, Brandon Y. "The Effects of Professional Development on High School Teachers' Implementation of the Problem-Solving Process." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3824.
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The majority of schools use punitive and reactive strategies to deal with maladaptive behaviors. This descriptive study was a replication of Wilmott (2012) and occurred in a multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS) high school. Professional development was provided to 22 teachers from a high school located in the western United States. This included 61% males and 39% females. Measures included the frequency of praise notes and ODRs, the quality of praise notes based on a praise note rubric, and a social validity questionnaire. The ODR and praise note frequencies were compared using the Spearman correlational coefficient that resulted in a weak correlation (r (2) = .-385, p > .05). Results were not significant in the ODR baseline to treatment (t(3)=-1.849, p <.05). The baseline praise note frequency compared to praise note frequency during treatment was significant (t(3)=-4.115, p<.05). Implications for educators suggested that the problem-solving process is feasible and essential when implementing evidenced based practices (EBPs), such as praise notes. The study concluded that ongoing professional development is integral to maintaining MTSS and EBPs. Limitations of this study include the lack of precise definitions in ODR reporting and minimal baseline data.
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Diez, Diana. "Promoting conceptual understanding in high-school physics : Exploring the effects of using an audience response system." Thesis, KTH, Lärande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290231.
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Research shows that students may be proficient in solving physics problem mathematically but still lack a fundamental understanding of the phenomena in question. One reason may be that a traditional approach to physics instruction emphasises instructors transfer of material to the students and problem-solving, sometimes at the expense of conceptional understanding. This master thesis combines socio-cultural and behaviouristic perspectives to analyse the effects of audience response systems in learning environments, in particular physics instruction. An audience response system is a tool that collects responses from the participants. It is commonly used to create interaction, thus moderating the approach of pure transmission of information. The current state of research shows that the effects of audience response systems depend on how it is used by the instructor. Audience response systems have been popular for use in peer instruction in physics and part of this study was to evaluate the design of conceptual problems. Using a mix-methods approach with interviews, observations, and tests, this thesis explores teachers’ experiences from using audience response systems to stimulate thinking and discussion on conceptual questions. Different modalities of systems are also compared. The study was affected by the school closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however the remote teaching situation also makes the topic even more important. The findings confirm what is previously established about the role of the instructor and that the effects depend on their intention. This study demonstrates that an audience response system can be used for formative assessment, initiate discussions, simultaneously engage multiple participants, prompt instructors to reconsider their methods and support a productive learning environment. Important features of an audience response system are ease of use, clear display of responses, synchronous participation, and anonymity.Tidigare forskning visar att studenter kan vara skickliga i att lösa fysikproblem matematiskt men ändå sakna en grundläggande förståelse för fenomenen i fråga. En möjlig förklaring är att fysikundervisning traditionellt fokuserar på överföring av material från lärare till elev med ett fokus på problemlösning, ibland på bekostnad av den konceptuella förståelsen. Detta examensarbete kombinerar sociokulturella och beteendemässiga perspektiv för att analysera effekterna av publiksvarssystem i lärande miljöer, primärt i fysikundervisning. Ett publiksvarssystem är ett verktyg som samlar in respons från deltagarna. Det används vanligen för att skapa interaktion, och därmed reducera fokuset på ren överföring av material i undervisningen. Det aktuella forskningsläget visar att effekterna av publiksvarssystem beror på hur det tillämpas av läraren. Publiksvarssystem har populärt använts i peer instruction (kamratlärande) i fysik och en del i denna studie har varit att utvärdera design av konceptuella frågor. Med hjälp av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder (intervjuer, observationer och tester) undersöker detta arbete lärares erfarenheter av att använda publiksvarssystem för att stimulera tänkande och diskussioner om konceptuella frågor. Vidare jämförs modaliteten hos olika system. Studiens utformning påverkades av skolstängningarna till följd av COVID-19-pandemin, dock ger de förutsättningar som kommer med distansundervisning ytterligare relevans för ämnet. Resultaten bekräftar vad som tidigare har fastställts om lärarens roll och att effekterna beror på dennes intentioner. Studien visar att ett publiksvarssystem kan användas för formativ bedömning, initiera diskussioner, engagera flera deltagare simultant, uppmuntra lärare att ompröva sina metoder och hjälpa till att skapa förutsättningar för en produktiv inlärningsmiljö. Viktiga funktioner i ett publikresponssystem är användarvänlighet, tydlig presentation av svar, möjlighet till synkront deltagande för många personer samt anonymitet.
Books on the topic "High note effect"
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Lecture notes on equilibrium point defects and thermophysical properties of metals. Singapore: World Scientific, 2000.
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Fridman, Yuriy, and Aleksandr Korzhenevich. Learning to solve problems in physics: preparing for the Unified State Exam. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/995926.
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If you are holding this textbook in your hands, it means that you understand the need to solve problems when studying a physics course at school. Indeed, it is difficult to overestimate the effect that the solution of problems in the study of physics gives. The textbook contains about 800 problems for the high school physics course. The tasks are based on the examination materials of various universities, including the Republic of Crimea, data from the magazines "Kvant", "Physics at School", information received from correspondence physics and mathematics schools of the Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University). We also used the problem books that were released in various years to help those entering universities. The number of problems and their selection are not random and allow, according to the compilers, to demonstrate the types of problems that are often found in the high school physics course, the most rational methods, general approaches and ideas for solving them, and also help to acquire certain skills in solving problems. Can be useful for use in secondary schools when working with students for whom physics is of interest, optional, if you prepare for the entrance exams for physics, a specialized school with advanced study of physics, as well as anyone who wants to learn how to solve problems in physics.
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Uchida, K., R. Ramos, and E. Saitoh. Spin Seebeck effect. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787075.003.0018.
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Chapter 18 This chapter discusses the spin Seebeck effect (SSE), which stands for the generation of a spin current, a flow of spinangular momentum, as a result of a temperature gradient in magnetic materials. In spintronics and spin caloritronics, the SSE is of crucial importance because it enables simple and versatile generation of a spin current from heat. Since the SSE is driven by thermally excited magnon dynaimcs, the thermal spin current can be generated not only from ferromagnetic conductors but also from insulators. Therefore, the SSE is applicable to “insulator-based thermoelectric conversion” which was impossible if only conventional thermoelectric technologies were used. In this chapter, after introducing basic characteristics and mechanisms of the SSE, important experimental progresses, such as the high-magnetic-field response of the SSE and the enhancement of the SSE in multilayer systems, are reviewed.
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(Editor), Claude Berthier, Laurent P. Levy (Editor), and Gerard Martinez (Editor), eds. High Magnetic Fields: Applications in Condensed Matter Physics and Spectroscopy (Lecture Notes in Physics). Springer, 2002.
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Kraftmakher, Yaakov. Lecture Notes on Equilibrium Point Defects and Thermophysical Properties of Metals. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2000.
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(Editor), German Sierra, and Miguel A. Martin-Delgado (Editor), eds. Strongly Correlated Magnetic and Superconducting Systems: Proceedings of the El Escorial Summer School, Held in Madrid, Spain, 15-19 July 1996 (Lecture Notes in Physics). Springer, 1997.
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Morris, Shad, and James Oldroyd. Stars that Shimmer and Stars that Shine. Edited by David G. Collings, Kamel Mellahi, and Wayne F. Cascio. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758273.013.5.
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Stars are not only much higher performing than their peers, but also much more visible within the firm. Star employees are likely to be sought out by their lower-performing peers. Moreover, high visibility and frequent interaction make it likely that the stars will develop abundant social capital. Thus, they are relied on to develop information advantage through their social capital. However, not all of the information effects of stardom are beneficial. Stars’ abundant social capital may produce the unintended side effect of information overload. We highlight the role of talent management in mitigating these information-overload effects for stars, to allow them to shine.
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Heijstek, Marloes, Mario Abinun, and Nico Wulffraat. Vaccination in immunocompromised children. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0095.
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Can immunocompromised children be safely and effectively vaccinated? This chapter discusses the recommendations from the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) for the immunization of immunocompromised patients. Patients with rheumatic or autoinflammatory diseases treated with high-dose glucocorticoids, high-dose disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), or biologicals are considered immunocompromised. Safe and effective vaccination is crucial in these patients, given their increased risk of infection. Safe vaccination implies that vaccination has no effect on disease activity and has only mild adverse effects. Effective vaccination denotes that patients are protected against infections after immunization. Particularly in severely immunosuppressed patients, concerns arise on the safety of (live-attenuated) vaccines and on the detrimental effect of immunosuppressive treatment on the immunogenicity of vaccines. Overall, vaccinations do not increase disease activity and do not cause severe adverse events. Although non-live vaccines are safe, it is recommended to withhold live-attenuated vaccines in patients on high-dose immunosuppressive drugs and biologicals. However, booster vaccinations can be considered when essential. Generally, immunogenicity of vaccines is good with some exceptions: responses are reduced in patients on high-dose glucocorticoids and rituximab; methotrexate reduces responses to (pneumococcal) polysaccharide vaccines; and anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) may lower vaccine-induced antibody concentrations. Offering vaccination before immunosuppressive drugs and/or measuring antibodies after immunization is recommended.
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Heijstek, Marloes, Mario Abinun, and Nico Wulffraat. Vaccination in immunocompromised children. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0095_update_003.
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Can immunocompromised children be safely and effectively vaccinated? This chapter discusses the recommendations from the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) for the immunization of immunocompromised patients. Patients with rheumatic or autoinflammatory diseases treated with high-dose glucocorticoids, high-dose disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), or biologicals are considered immunocompromised. Safe and effective vaccination is crucial in these patients, given their increased risk of infection. Safe vaccination implies that vaccination has no effect on disease activity and has only mild adverse effects. Effective vaccination denotes that patients are protected against infections after immunization. Particularly in severely immunosuppressed patients, concerns arise on the safety of (live-attenuated) vaccines and on the detrimental effect of immunosuppressive treatment on the immunogenicity of vaccines. Overall, vaccinations do not increase disease activity and do not cause severe adverse events. It is recommended to withhold live-attenuated vaccines in patients on high-dose immunosuppressive drugs and biologicals, but booster vaccinations can be considered when essential. Generally, immunogenicity of vaccines is good with some exceptions: responses are reduced in patients on high-dose glucocorticoids and rituximab; methotrexate reduces responses to (pneumococcal) polysaccharide vaccines; and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) may lower vaccine-induced antibody concentrations and may cause accelerated waning of immunity. Offering vaccination before immunosuppressive drugs and/or measuring antibodies after immunization is recommended.
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Fishe, Raymond P. H. High Frequency Trading of Commodities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0023.
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Electronic platforms and high frequency traders (HFTs) have changed the nature of trading. Like equity markets, commodity markets have experienced an influx of algorithmic traders and a decline in “pit” or open outcry trading. Regulatory efforts to understand the effects of HFTs and to offer prudent guidelines or new rules are in their infancy. An overall hesitancy exists because academic studies have produced diverse results on liquidity, volatility, and market quality. This survey focuses on high frequency trading research in commodity derivative markets, documenting basic results and extracting inferences when warranted. Evidence indicates that HFTs act as market makers and their speed advantage has lowered transaction costs, generally during normal markets. Although not entirely conclusive, evidence also suggests that HFTs may exacerbate volatility by withdrawing liquidity in times of market stress, such as during “flash” crashes.
Book chapters on the topic "High note effect"
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Harugade, Mukund L., Sachin D. Waigaonkar, Nikhil S. Mane, and Narayan V. Hargude. "Magnetic Effect on High-Speed Electrochemical Discharge (HSECD) Engraving." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 71–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9425-7_6.
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Seredin, Valeriy, Andrey Andrianov, and Galina Isaeva. "The Effect of High Pressure on the Kaolinite Structure." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 194–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89477-1_19.
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Yaga, Minoru, T. Wakuta, R. V. Reji, and Heuy Dong Kim. "Effect of Coaxial Airstream on High-Pressure Submerged Water Jet." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1892-8_1.
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Sivapriya, S. V., and N. Charumathy. "Effect of Crumb Rubber on Inorganic and High Compressible Clay." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 67–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1780-4_8.
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Hiraki, Koju, and Hiroki Kai. "Effect of Solidity on Efficiency for High-Advance-Ratio Propeller." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 697–704. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2689-1_54.
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Schlegel, Kristian. "Space Weather Effects in the Upper Atmosphere: High Latitudes." In Lecture Notes in Physics, 215–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31534-6_7.
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Li, Yanliang, and Zhiqiang Li. "Application Effect of Chinese High-Speed Railway Noise Barriers." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 423–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73411-8_32.
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Dung, Nguyen Anh, and Nguyen Vinh Sang. "Dynamic Performance of Highway Bridges: Low Temperature Effect and Modeling Effect of High Damping Rubber Bearings." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 476–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3239-6_36.
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Chen, Junkai, Wenxue Gao, Xiangjun Hao, Zheng Wei, Xiaojun Zhang, and Zhaochen Liu. "Multilateral Boundary Blasting Theory of High and Steep Slope in Open Pit Mine and Its Application." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 347–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_32.
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AbstractAt present, the blasting theory of high and steep rock slope mainly focuses on flat terrain, ignoring the influence of micro-terrain boundary factors on blasting effect, which leads to excessive blasting energy and affects the stability of slope. Therefore, based on the theory of multilateral boundary rock blasting, this paper deduces the calculation formula of blasting charge for high and steep rock slope under multilateral boundary conditions, and verifies it with field test. The results show that: (1) The multilateral boundary charge calculation formula directly includes micro-topography boundary conditions and blasting effect, and the rock blasting theory is based on the interaction of blasting energy provided by explosives and potential energy in medium, which effectively improves the energy utilization rate of explosives. (2) The influence of surplus blasting energy on the surrounding environment under different boundary conditions is controlled, and the explosive explosion effect is effectively controlled, so that a stable high and steep slope of open pit mine is formed after blasting.
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Kuo, Ming, Michael Barnes, and Cathy Jordan. "Do Experiences with Nature Promote Learning? Converging Evidence of a Cause-And-Effect Relationship." In High-Quality Outdoor Learning, 47–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04108-2_3.
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AbstractDo experiences with nature—from wilderness backpacking, to plants in a preschool, to a wetland lesson on frogs, promote learning? Until recently, claims outstripped evidence on this question. But the field has matured, not only substantiating previously unwarranted claims but also deepening our understanding of the cause-and-effect relationship between nature and learning. Hundreds of studies now bear on this question, and converging evidence strongly suggests that experiences of nature boost academic learning, personal development, and environmental stewardship. This brief integrative review summarizes recent advances and the current state of our understanding. The research on personal development and environmental stewardship is compelling although not quantitative. Report after report—from independent observers as well as participants themselves—indicate shifts in perseverance, problem solving, critical thinking, leadership, teamwork, and resilience after time in nature. Similarly, over fifty studies point to nature playing a key role in the development of pro-environmental behavior, particularly by fostering an emotional connection to nature. In academic contexts, nature-based instruction outperforms traditional instruction. The evidence here is particularly strong, including experimental evidence; evidence across a wide range of samples and instructional approaches; outcomes such as standardized test scores and graduation rates; and evidence for specific explanatory mechanisms and ‘active ingredients’. Nature may promote learning by improving learners’ attention, levels of stress, self-discipline, interest and enjoyment in learning, and physical activity and fitness. Nature also appears to provide a calmer, quieter, safer context for learning; a warmer, more cooperative context for learning; and a combination of “loose parts” and autonomy that fosters developmentally beneficial forms of play. It is time to take nature seriously as a resource for learning—particularly for students not effectively reached by traditional instruction.
Conference papers on the topic "High note effect"
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MacFarlane, G. J., and M. R. Renilson. "A Note On The Effect of Non Linearity On The Prediction of The Vertical Motions of A Small High Speed Craft." In Seakeeping and Weather. RINA, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.seak.1995.1.
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Singh, Om, Suneet Singh, and Shireesh B. Kedare. "Effect of Thermal Radiation on Accuracy of Restricted Domain Approach in a Square Open Cavity." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66380.
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To reduce computational time for simulation of natural convection in open cavities, it is quite common to use a domain restricted to the cavity with approximate boundary conditions at the cavity opening. It had been shown that such approach leads to quite accurate solutions for high Rayleigh number (Ra) flows. Such approach has been extended to flows involving radiative heat transfer as well. However, it is important to note that the effect of radiation on the accuracy of restricted domain approach has not been evaluated. In the present work, a comparison of Nusselt numbers is obtained by restricted domain approach with those obtained by using extended domain approach. The convective as well as radiative Nusselt numbers are considered for comparison for various values of Ra and radiation conduction parameter (Nr). It is observed that the accuracy of the restricted domain approach varies with the radiation conduction parameter as well and the approach is found to be quite accurate for high values of Nr.
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Lopez, P., and Y. Bayazitoglu. "A Note on Modeling of Nano-Scale Thermal Flow via the Lattice Boltzmann Method." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89923.
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Lattice Boltzmann (LB) method models have been demonstrated to provide an accurate representation of the flow characteristics in rarefied flows. Conditions in such flows are characterized by the Knudsen number (Kn), defined as the ratio between the gas molecular Mean Free Path ( MFP, λ) and the device characteristic length (L). As the Knudsen number increases, the behavior of the flow near the walls is increasingly dominated by interactions between the gas molecules and the solid surface. Due to this, linear constitutive relations for shear stress and heat flux, which are assumed in the Navier-Stokes-Fourier (NSF) system of equations, are not valid within the Knudsen Layer (KL). Fig. 1 illustrates the characteristics of the velocity field within the Knudsen layer in a shear-driven flow. It is easily observed that although the NSF equations with slip flow boundary conditions (represented by dashed line) can predict the velocity profile in the bulk flow region, they fail to capture the flow characteristics inside the Knudsen layer. Slip flow boundary conditions have also been derived using the integral transform technique [1]. Various methods have been explored to extend the applicability of LB models to higher Knudsen number flows, including using higher order velocity sets, and using wall-distance functions to capture the effect of the walls on the mean free path by incorporating such functions on the determination of the local relaxation parameters. In this study, a high order velocity model which contains a two-dimensional, thirteen velocity direction set (e.g., D2Q13), as shown in Fig. 2, is used as the basis of the current LB model. The LB model consists of two independent distribution functions to simulate the density and temperature fields, while the Diffuse Scattering Boundary Condition (DSBC) method is used to simulate the fluid interaction with the walls. To further improve the characterization of transition flow conditions expected in nano-scale heat transfer, we explored the implementation of two wall-distance functions, derived recently based on an integrated form of a probability distribution function, to the high-order LB model. These functions are used to determine the effective mean free path values throughout the height of the micro/nano-channel, and the resulting effect is first normalized and then used to determine local relaxation times for both momentum and energy using a relationship based on the local Knudsen number. The two wall-distance functions are based on integral forms of 1) the classical probability distribution function, ψ(r) = λ0−1e−r/λ0, derived by Arlemark et al [2], in which λ0represents the reference gas mean free path, and 2) a Power-Law probability distribution function, derived by Dongari et al [3]. Thus, the probability that a molecule travels a distance between r and r+dr between two successive collisions is equal to ψ(r)dr. The general form of the integral of the two functions used can be described by ψ(r) = C − f(r), where f(r) represents the base function (exponential or Power Law), and C is set to 1 so that the probability that a molecule will travel a distance r+dr without a collision ranges from zero to 1. The performance of the present LB model coupled with the implementation of the two wall-distance functions is tested using two classical flow cases. The first case considered is that of isothermal, shear-driven Couette flow between two parallel, horizontal plates separated by a distance H, moving in opposite directions at a speed of U0. Fig. 3 shows the normalized velocity profiles across the micro-channel height for various Knudsen numbers in the transition flow regime based on our LB models as compared to data based on the Linearized Boltzmann equation [4]. The results show that our two LB models provide results that are in excellent agreement with the reference data up to the high end of the transition flow regime, with Knudsen numbers greater than 1. The second case is rarefied Fourier flow within horizontal, parallel plates, with the plates being stationary and set to a constant temperature (TTop > TBottom), and the Prandtl number is set to 0.67 to match the reference data based on the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method [5]. Fig. 4 shows the normalized temperature profiles across the microchannel height for various Knudsen numbers in the slip/transition How regime. For the entire Knudsen number range studied, our two LB models provide temperature profiles that are in excellent agreement with the non-linear profile seen in the reference data. The results obtained show that the effective MFP relationship based on the exponential function improves the results obtained with the high order LB model for both shear-driven and Fourier flows up to Kn∼1. The results also show that the effective MFP relationship based on the Power Law distribution function greatly enhances the results obtained with the high order LB model for the two cases addressed, up to Kn∼3. In conclusion, the resulting LB models represent an effective tool in modeling non-equilibrium gas flows expected within micro/nano-scale devices.
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Salminen, Pauli, Esa Ahlgren, and Petri Kuosmanen. "Mechanical and Thermal Engineering for High Temperature Fuel Cell Systems." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64236.
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) systems achieve high electrical efficiency and can utilize many types of fuels such as methanol or biogas. These systems operate at high temperatures up to 600–1000 °C. Due to high temperatures, mechanical engineering must be combined with thermal engineering through the design work. System design for SOFC systems should take into account several functions such as mechanical support of components, thermal insulation, instrumentation, compensation for thermal expansion and heat recovery as well as conduction of gases through channels, piping or open cavities. One should note that many of these functions have strong interactions and cannot be designed without an effect on the system as a whole. When a system is designed to fulfill all the expectations, it will have a compact size, good thermal properties, small pressure losses and good overall performance together with a competitive price, long system lifetime and easy maintenance. This article aims to improve the mechanical structure of SOFC systems. In addition, our aim is to give sophisticated recommendations for a system design. To achieve this, we have used systematic concept development tools and methodologies to investigate the interactions and relative importance of system requirements and functions. Our key result from this study is that engineers must use a holistic approach when designing a high temperature system with strong interactions between system functions and components. Contrary to our former expectations, these systems could not be designed well by methods that are based on reductionism. In practice, this means that thermal engineering must be utilized from the very beginning. Thermal insulation concept should be selected during the first design steps since this has a great effect on system layout. Mechanical engineering is needed in system layout design in order to solve problems related to the thermal expansion and support of components. Combined thermal and structural analysis utilizing finite element methods can be used to develop or optimize mechanical key components and system layout. The best results can be achieved by using a holistic approach during the design process. In addition, it is beneficial to keep the system as simple and compact as possible. To achieve this, the integration of functions and components must be increased. Thus, SOFC system performance is greatly dependent on system design, not only of its components alone. Findings obtained from this study can be used by researchers designing experimental apparatuses or by companies manufacturing full scale SOFC systems.
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Lin, Ray-Sing, and Om P. Sharma. "An Analytical Investigation on the Impact of Wall Cooling on the Development of Boundary Layers on the Suction Sides of Typical High Pressure Turbine Airfoils." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26041.
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In a modern high pressure turbine, the first vane surface temperature has been lowered to below 70% of boundary-layer edge temperature. This highly cooled temperature ratio provides a stabilizing effect in addition to a favorable pressure gradient for maintaining laminar flow on turbine airfoil suction sides; this opens a potential opportunity to yield high cycle performance and reduced cooling air requirements. This paper will quantify the stabilizing effects of wall cooling on boundary layer development at moderate and high subsonic Mach numbers by using a linear boundary-layer stability theory. The delay of transition onset over a range of free-stream turbulence level, Tu = 0∼1.5%, is predicted by using well established eN correlation. Results indicate that on a wall cooled below 0.7Te, the transition Reynolds number, Rex, can be above 107 for M = 0.5, and the transition Reynolds numbers for M = 0.9 are even higher, almost reaching 108 due to additional stabilizing effects of compressibility. Results from simulations conducted on a typical high pressure turbine airfoil demonstrate a potential for an improved laminar run on the suction side of the first vane of a typical aero-engine. Note that overcoming laminar separation is a critical challenge in practical application.
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Wilk, Seth J., William Lepkowski, Bo Chen, Jason Kam, Michael Goryll, Keith Holbert, and Trevor J. Thornton. "Radiation Effects of High Voltage MESFETs at the 45nm Node." In 2013 IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) (in conjunction with NSREC 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/redw.2013.6658202.
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Francis, Andrew, Richard Espiner, Alan Edwards, and Gary Senior. "The Use of Reliability Based Limit State Methods in Uprating High Pressure Pipelines." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2065.
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There is an increasing demand for operators of transmission pipelines to maximise the throughput of their pipeline systems. This can be achieved relatively easily with new pipelines, by using limit state design, new materials, novel fabrication techniques etc., Operators are also looking to maximise the throughput of existing transmission pipelines. Obviously, they are not able to make use of new materials etc., but limit state design concepts can be applied to show that a pipeline can be safely uprated to a higher design pressure. The limit state of an engineering structure or component is defined as the mathematical relationship between the parameters associated with a particular failure mode at the onset of failure. To assess the impact on pipeline integrity and safety, a limit state approach incorporating probabilistic analysis has been developed. The approach addresses all credible failure modes and takes account of uncertainties in the relevant parameters for each mode. The probabilistic approach takes the limit state approach a step further by describing the parameters as statistical distributions rather than single values. This allows failure probabilities to be computed which are a more meaningful measure of safety and allow areas of over conservatism (or under conservatism) to be identified. It is important to note that the approach is only as good as the limit states used and the data used to construct the distributions. Clearly uncertainties in both of these can exist and the absolute values of the computed probabilities must be viewed with caution. However, the strength of the approach lies in the relative values of the computed probabilities and previous ‘safe’ operation. If a system has a significant operational history with few or no failures and it can be shown that there is little change in the theoretical failure probability associated with a change in operating conditions, it can be inferred that few or no failures will occur in practice. The paper describes the above approach in detail and outlines a study carried out to determine the effect on pipeline integrity of uprating three pipelines from a current maximum operating pressure of 70 bar to an uprated pressure of 85 bar, exceeding the current design criteria. By application of the limit state approach incorporating probabilistic analysis, it is shown that there would be an insignificant change in failure probability as a result of uprating to 85 bar, and hence that the integrity of the pipelines is unimpaired by uprating.
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Rutar, Teodora, and Philip C. Malte. "NOx Formation in High-Pressure Jet-Stirred Reactors With Significance to Lean-Premixed Combustion Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0067.
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Measurements of NOx and CO in methane-fired, lean-premixed, high-pressure jet-stirred reactors (HP-JSRs) independently obtained by Rutar [1] and Rutar et al. [2] and by Bengtsson [3] and Bengtsson et al. [4] are well predicted assuming simple chemical reactor models and the GRI 3.0 chemical kinetic mechanism. The single-jet HP-JSR of Rutar [1] and Rutar et al. [2] is well modeled for NOx and CO assuming a single PSR for Damköhler number below 0.15. Under these conditions, the estimates of flame thickness indicate the flame zone, that is, the region of rapid oxidation and large concentrations of free radicals, fully fills the HP-JSR. For Damköhler number above 0.15, that is, for longer residence times, the NOx and CO are well modeled assuming two PSRs in series, representing a small flame zone followed by a large post-flame zone. The multi-jet reactor of Bengtsson [3] and Bengtsson et al. [4] is well modeled assuming a large PSR (over 88% of the reactor volume) followed by a short PFR, which accounts for the exit region of the HP-JSR and the short section of exhaust prior to the sampling point. The Damköhler number is estimated between 0.01 and 0.03. Our modeling shows the NOx formation pathway contributions. Although all pathways, including Zeldovich (under the influence of super-equilibrium O-atom), nitrous oxide, Fenimore prompt, and NNH, contribute to the total NOx predicted, of special note are the following findings: 1) NOx formed by the nitrous oxide pathway is significant throughout the conditions studied; and 2) NOx formed by the Fenimore prompt pathway is significant when the fuel-air equivalence ratio is greater than about 0.7 (as might occur in a piloted lean-premixed combustor) or when the residence time of the flame zone is very short. The latter effect is a consequence of the short lifetime of the CH radical in flames.
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Stoyanova, Margarita, and Andrey Novikov. "The engineering rent specifics assessment for engineering industrial companies in the field of digital materials science." In IV International Forum Advances in Composite Science and Technologies (Moscow, 2 – 3 December 2021). "Publishing company "World of science", LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15862/67mnnpk22-06.
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Turning to engineering industrial companies engaged in the production of new materials and digital materials science, the customer wants to get high-quality work, the result of which will be a successfully implemented project in accordance with the budget and deadlines that meets the set indicators and generates the planned profit amount. However, the cost of engineering in the Russian, as well as in the world market, is significant, and the positive effect presence from the engineering industrial companies work use is not always obvious and transparent. At first glance, it seems that the engineering industrial companies’ involvement due to the high cost of its work increases the total costs of the customer company. However, modern researchers note the emergence of additional income from the customer company as a result of using the engineering industrial companies’ resources, because they have special competencies that allow them to implement complex projects in the field of digital materials science.
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Shaw, Dein, and H. C. Lin. "Force Analysis of the Film in a COF Chip Mounter’s Loader." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60148.
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In this study, the tension force distributions in the film of COF cartridge are studied. It is noted that if the tension force on the film is too high, the interface between chip and film cracked. If the force is too low, there is no enough friction force to keep the COF in fix position when the cartridge is on the transportation vehicle. The relative motion between the chips of lower layer and the film of upper layer will cause the fatigue of interface of chips and film. It is also important to note that due to the friction the tension force at any section of the film is different. To fine the force distribution, a method to determine the tension force is developed and only effect of axial direction is considered. The assumption makes the film behave like a string. The results show that the forces on the film are different whenever the film passes a chip underneath.
Reports on the topic "High note effect"
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Hanna, Rema, Bridget Hoffmann, Paulina Oliva, and Jake Schneider. The Power of Perception: Limitations of Information in Reducing Air Pollution Exposure. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003392.
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We conduct a randomized controlled trial in Mexico City to determine willingness to pay (WTP) for SMS air quality alerts and to study the effects of air quality alerts, reminders, and a reusable N95 mask on air pollution information and avoidance behavior. At baseline, we elicit WTP for the alerts service after revealing whether the household will receive an N95 mask and participant compensation, but before revealing whether they will receive alert or reminder services. While we observe no significant impact of mask provision on WTP, higher compensation increases WTP, suggesting a possible cash-on-hand constraint. The perception of high pollution days prior to the survey is positively correlated with WTP, but the presence of actual high pollution days is not correlated with WTP. Follow-up survey data demonstrate that the alerts treatment increases reporting of receiving air pollution information via SMS, a high pollution day in the past week, and staying indoors on the most recent perceived high pollution day. However, we observe no significant effect on the ability to correctly identify which specific days had high pollution. Similarly, households that received an N95 mask are more likely to report utilizing a mask with filter in the past two weeks, but we observe no effect on using a filter mask on the specific days with high particulate matter. Although we nd that air quality alerts increased the salience of air quality and avoidance behavior, these results illustrate the difficulty that information treatments face in overcoming perceptions to effectively reduce exposure to air pollution.
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Guerreiro, Hugo, Rute Borrego, and Lino Mendes. β-alanine supplementation for athletic performance in female athletes: a protocol for a systematic review of randomized control trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0041.
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Review question / Objective: The Effect of β-alanine Supplementation on Athletic Performance in Female Athletes: a Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials. Condition being studied: β-alanine is an endogenously produced non-proteinogenic amino acid that can also be obtained through the consumption of foods such as meat. The ergogenic effect of β-alanine supplementation is linked to the levels of carnosine (a cytoplasmatic dipeptide to which β-alanine is a precursor). It has become one of the most common sports nutrition ergogenic aids, with typical doses at about 4 to 6 g per day that are ideal to elevate muscle carnosine concentrations by up 80%. This elevation happens regardless of high or low baseline levels (common in vegetarians, women and in older subjects) and chronic supplementation (and the associated increase of muscle carnosine levels) is known to be of particular interest in improving high-intensity exercise performance by enhancing intracellular H+ buffering, reducing muscle acidosis. It has been mostly proposed as beneficial in exercises between 60 seconds and 4 minutes, but some positive effects have been noted in other sport-related outcomes. The fact that women tend to have less muscle carnosine content then man, in addition to other characteristics of the female athlete, highlights the importance of understanding if the outcomes and magnitude of the effects already found and stablished in male athletes are, in fact, equivalent in the female athlete.
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Butler, Walter R., Uzi Moallem, Amichai Arieli, Robert O. Gilbert, and David Sklan. Peripartum dietary supplementation to enhance fertility in high yielding dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7587723.bard.
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Objectives of the project: To evaluate the effects of a glucogenic supplement during the peripartum transition period on insulin, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, interval to first ovulation, and progesterone profile in dairy cows. To compare benefits of supplemental fats differing in fatty acid composition and fed prepartum on hepatic triglyceride accumulation, interval to first ovulation, progesterone profile, and uterine prostaglandin production in lactating dairy cows. To assess the differential and carry-over effects of glucogenic and fat supplements fed to peripartum dairy cows on steroidogenesis and fatty acids in ovarian follicles. To determine the carry-over effects of peripartum glucogenic or fat supplements on fertility in high producing dairy cows (modified in year 3 to Israel only). Added during year 3 of project: To assess the activity of genes related to hepatic lipid oxidation and gluconeogenesis following dietary supplementation (USA only). Background: High milk yields in dairy cattle are generally associated with poor reproductive performance. Low fertility results from negative energy balance (NEBAL) of early lactation that delays resumption of ovarian cycles and exerts other carryover effects. During NEBAL, ovulation of ovarian follicles is compromised by low availability of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), but fatty acid mobilization from body stores is augmented. Liver function during NEBAL is linked to the resumption of ovulation and fertility: 1) Accumulation of fatty acids by the liver and ketone production are associated with delayed first ovulation; 2) The liver is the main source of IGF-I. NEBAL will continue as a consequence of high milk yield, but dietary supplements are currently available to circumvent the effects on liver function. For this project, supplementation was begun prepartum prior to NEBAL in an effort to reduce detrimental effects on liver and ovarian function. Fats either high or low in unsaturated fatty acids were compared for their ability to reduce liver triglyceride accumulation. Secondarily, feeding specific fats during a period of high lipid turnover caused by NEBAL provides a novel approach for manipulating phospholipid pools in tissues including ovary and uterus. Increased insulin from propylene glycol (glucogenic) was anticipated to reduce lipolysis and increase IGF-I. The same supplements were utilized in both the USA and Israel, to compare effects across different diets and environments. Conclusions: High milk production and very good postpartum health was achieved by dietary supplementation. Peripartum PGLY supplementation had no significant effects on reproductive variables. Prepartum fat supplementation either did not improve metabolic profile and ovarian and uterine responses in early lactation (USA) or decreased intake when added to dry cow diets (Israel). Steroid production in ovarian follicles was greater in lactating dairy cows receiving supplemental fat (unsaturated), although in a field trail fertility to insemination was not improved.
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Smith, Margaret, Nurit Katzir, Susan McCouch, and Yaakov Tadmor. Discovery and Transfer of Genes from Wild Zea Germplasm to Improve Grain Oil and Protein Composition of Temperate Maize. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580683.bard.
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Project Objectives 1. Develop and amplify two interspecific populations (annual and perennial teosintes x elite maize inbred) as the basis for genetic analysis of grain quality. 2. Identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from teosinte that improve oil, protein, and essential amino acid composition of maize grain. 3. Develop near isogenic lines (NILs) to quantify QTL contributions to grain quality and as a resource for future breeding and gene cloning efforts. 4. Analyze the contribution of these QTLs to hybrid performance in both the US and Israel. 5. Measure the yield potential of improved grain quality hybrids. (NOTE: Yield potential could not be evaluated due to environmentally-caused failure of the breeding nursery where seed was produced for this evaluation.) Background: Maize is a significant agricultural commodity worldwide. As an open pollinated crop, variation within the species is large and, in most cases, sufficient to supply the demand for modem varieties and for new environments. In recent years there is a growing demand for maize varieties with special quality attributes. While domesticated sources of genetic variation for high oil and protein content are limited, useful alleles for these traits may remain in maize's wild relative, teosinte. We utilized advanced backcross (AB) analysis to search for QTLs contributing to oil and protein content from two teosinte accessions: Zea mays ssp. mexicana Race Chalco, an annual teosinte (referred to as Chalco), and Z diploperennis Race San Miguel, a perennial teosinte (referred to as Diplo). Major Conclusions and Achievements Two NILs targeting a Diplo introgression in bin 1.04 showed a significant increase in oil content in homozygous sib-pollinated seed when compared to sibbed seed of their counterpart non-introgressed controls. These BC4S2 NILs, referred to as D-RD29 and D-RD30, carry the Diplo allele in bin 1.04 and the introgression extends partially into bins 1.03 and 1.05. These NILs remain heterozygous in bins 4.01 and 8.02, but otherwise are homozygous for the recurrent parent (RD6502) alleles. NILs were developed also for the Chalco introgression in bin 1.04 but these do not show any improvement in oil content, suggesting that the Chalco alleles differ from the Diplo alleles in this region. Testcross Fl seed and sibbed grain from these Fl plants did not show any effect on oil content from this introgression, suggesting that it would need to be present in both parents of a maize hybrid to have an effect on oil content. Implications, both Scientific and Agricultural The Diplo region identified increases oil content by 12.5% (from 4.8% to 5.4% oil in the seed). Although this absolute difference is not large in agronomic terms, this locus could provide additive increases to oil content in combination with other maize-derived loci for high oil. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of a QTL from teosinte for improved grain oil content in maize. It suggests that further research on grain quality alleles from maize wild relatives would be of both scientific and agricultural interest.
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Smith, Margaret, Nurit Katzir, Susan McCouch, and Yaakov Tadmor. Discovery and Transfer of Genes from Wild Zea Germplasm to Improve Grain Oil and Protein Composition of Temperate Maize. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695846.bard.
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Project Objectives 1. Develop and amplify two interspecific populations (annual and perennial teosintes x elite maize inbred) as the basis for genetic analysis of grain quality. 2. Identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from teosinte that improve oil, protein, and essential amino acid composition of maize grain. 3. Develop near isogenic lines (NILs) to quantify QTL contributions to grain quality and as a resource for future breeding and gene cloning efforts. 4. Analyze the contribution of these QTLs to hybrid performance in both the US and Israel. 5. Measure the yield potential of improved grain quality hybrids. (NOTE: Yield potential could not be evaluated due to environmentally-caused failure of the breeding nursery where seed was produced for this evaluation.) Background: Maize is a significant agricultural commodity worldwide. As an open pollinated crop, variation within the species is large and, in most cases, sufficient to supply the demand for modem varieties and for new environments. In recent years there is a growing demand for maize varieties with special quality attributes. While domesticated sources of genetic variation for high oil and protein content are limited, useful alleles for these traits may remain in maize's wild relative, teosinte. We utilized advanced backcross (AB) analysis to search for QTLs contributing to oil and protein content from two teosinte accessions: Zea mays ssp. mexicana Race Chalco, an annual teosinte (referred to as Chalco), and Z diploperennis Race San Miguel, a perennial teosinte (referred to as Diplo). Major Conclusions and Achievements Two NILs targeting a Diplo introgression in bin 1.04 showed a significant increase in oil content in homozygous sib-pollinated seed when compared to sibbed seed of their counterpart non-introgressed controls. These BC4S2 NILs, referred to as D-RD29 and D-RD30, carry the Diplo allele in bin 1.04 and the introgression extends partially into bins 1.03 and 1.05. These NILs remain heterozygous in bins 4.01 and 8.02, but otherwise are homozygous for the recurrent parent (RD6502) alleles. NILs were developed also for the Chalco introgression in bin 1.04 but these do not show any improvement in oil content, suggesting that the Chalco alleles differ from the Diplo alleles in this region. Testcross Fl seed and sibbed grain from these Fl plants did not show any effect on oil content from this introgression, suggesting that it would need to be present in both parents of a maize hybrid to have an effect on oil content. Implications, both Scientific and Agricultural The Diplo region identified increases oil content by 12.5% (from 4.8% to 5.4% oil in the seed). Although this absolute difference is not large in agronomic terms, this locus could provide additive increases to oil content in combination with other maize-derived loci for high oil. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of a QTL from teosinte for improved grain oil content in maize. It suggests that further research on grain quality alleles from maize wild relatives would be of both scientific and agricultural interest.
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Cristia, Julian P., Paulo Bastos, Kim Beomsoo, and Ofer Malamud. Good schools or good students?: evidence on school effects from universal random assignment of students to high schools. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004380.
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How much do schools differ in their effectiveness? Recent studies that seek to answer this question account for student sorting using random assignment generated by central allocation mechanisms or oversubscribed schools. However, the resulting estimates, while causal, may also reflect peer effects due to differences in peer quality of non-randomized students. We exploit universal random assignment of students to high schools in certain areas of South Korea to provide estimates of school effects that may better reflect the effects of school practices. We find significant effects of schools on scores in high-stakes college entrance exams: a 1 standard deviation increase in school quality leads to 0.06-0.08 standard deviations higher average academic achievement in Korean and English languages. Analogous estimates from areas of South Korea that do not use random assignment, and therefore include the effects of student sorting and peer effects, are substantially higher.
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Zarrieß, Benjamin, and Jens Claßen. Decidable Verification of Golog Programs over Non-Local Effect Actions. Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.224.
Full textAbstract:
The Golog action programming language is a powerful means to express high-level behaviours in terms of programs over actions defined in a Situation Calculus theory. In particular for physical systems, verifying that the program satisfies certain desired temporal properties is often crucial, but undecidable in general, the latter being due to the language’s high expressiveness in terms of first-order quantification and program constructs. So far, approaches to achieve decidability involved restrictions where action effects either had to be contextfree (i.e. not depend on the current state), local (i.e. only affect objects mentioned in the action’s parameters), or at least bounded (i.e. only affect a finite number of objects). In this paper, we present a new, more general class of action theories (called acyclic) that allows for context-sensitive, non-local, unbounded effects, i.e. actions that may affect an unbounded number of possibly unnamed objects in a state-dependent fashion. We contribute to the further exploration of the boundary between decidability and undecidability for Golog, showing that for acyclic theories in the two-variable fragment of first-order logic, verification of CTL properties of programs over ground actions is decidable
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Kanner, Joseph, Dennis Miller, Ido Bartov, John Kinsella, and Stella Harel. The Effect of Dietary Iron Level on Lipid Peroxidation of Muscle Food. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604282.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Biological oxidations are almost exclusively metal ion-promoted reactions and in ths respect iron, being the most abundant, is the commonly involved. The effect of dietary iron levels on pork, turkey and chick muscle lipid peroxidation and various other related compounds were evaluated. Crossbred feeder pigs were fed to market weight on corn-soy rations containing either 62, 131 or 209 ppm iron. After slaughter, the muscles were dissected, cooked and stored at 4°C. Heavily fortifying swine rations with iron (>200 ppm) increase nn-heme iron (NHI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and decrease a-tocopherol in cooked stored pork but did not increase warmed-over aroma (WOA). NHI and TBARS were higher in cooked pork from pigs fed high-iron diets. Liver iron correlated with muscle iron. TBARS were strongly related with WOA. The role of dietary vitamin E and ascorbic acid on Fe-induced in vivo lipid peroxidation in swine was also evaluated. Moderate elevation in iron stores had a marked effect on oxidative stress, especially as indicated by liver TBARS. Supplemental vitamin E, and to a lesser extent vitamin C, protect against this oxidative stress. Unsupplementation of Fe in the regular diet of turkeys did not affect body weight, blood hemoglobin level, or iron pool in the liver or muscle. The reason being that it contained "natural" ~120 mg Fe/kg feed, and this amount is high enough to keep constant the pool of iron in the body, liver or muscle tissues. Only Fe-supplementation with high amounts of Fe (500 ppm) significantly increased turkey blood hemoglobin and total iron in the liver, in 1 out of 3 experiments, but only slightly affects iron pool in the muscles. It seems that the liver accumulates very high concentations of iron and significantly regulates iron concentration in skeletal muscles. For this reason, it was very difficult to decrease muscle stability in turkeys through a diet containing high levels of Fe-supplementation. It was shown that the significant increase in the amount of iron (total and "free") in the muscle by injections with Fe-dextran accelerated its lipid peroxidation rate and decreased its a-tocopherol concentration. The level and metabolism of iron in the muscles affects the intensity of in vivo lipid peroxidation. This process was found to ifluence the turnover and accumulation of a-tocopherol in turkey and chick muscles. Treatments which could significantly decrease the amount and metabolism of iron pool in muscle tissues (or other organs) may affect the rate of lipid peroxidation and the turnover of a-tocopherol. Several defense enzymes were determined and found in the turkey muscle, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione peroxidase was more active in muscles with a high trend of lipid peroxidation, lmore so in drumsticks than in breast muscles, or muscles with a low a-tocopherol content. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased several fold in muscle stored at 4°C. Our work demonstrated that it will be much more practical to increase the stability of muscle tissues in swine, turkeys and chickens during storage and processing by increasing the amount of vitamin E in the diet than by withdrawing iron supplementation.
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Morris, Andrew M., Peter Juni, Ayodele Odutayo, Pavlos Bobos, Nisha Andany, Kali Barrett, Martin Betts, et al. Remdesivir for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.27.1.0.
Full textAbstract:
Remdesivir, a direct-acting antiviral agent, may reduce mortality and progression to mechanical ventilation in moderately ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19 on supplemental low-flow oxygen. The benefits of remdesivir for critically ill patients requiring supplemental oxygen via high-flow nasal cannula or mask, or non-invasive mechanical ventilation, is uncertain. Remdesivir does not benefit and may harm critically ill patients already receiving mechanical ventilation or requiring extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and it does not provide substantial benefit for hospitalized patients who do not require supplemental oxygen. Remdesivir appears to have comparable effects when used for 5 days or 10 days, and does not appear to be associated with significant adverse effects. Remdesivir is recommended in moderately ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen (Figure 1). Remdesivir may be considered for patients requiring oxygen supplementation via high-flow nasal cannula or mask, or non-invasive mechanical ventilation. It should not be used in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation or those receiving ECMO. Remdesivir should not be used in patients who do not require supplemental oxygen.
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Granot, David, Richard Amasino, and Avner Silber. Mutual effects of hexose phosphorylation enzymes and phosphorous on plant development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587223.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Research objectives 1) Analyze the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P level in tomato and Arabidopsis plants 2) Analyze the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P level in pho1 and pho2 Arabidopsis mutants 3) Clone and analyze the PHO2 gene 4) Select Arabidopsis mutants resistant to high and low P 5) Analyze the Arabidopsis mutants and clone the corresponding genes 6) Survey wild tomato species for growth characteristics at various P levels Background to the topic Hexose phosphorylating enzymes, the first enzymes of sugar metabolism, regulate key processes in plants such as photosynthesis, growth, senescence and vascular transport. We have previously discovered that hexose phosphorylating enzymes might regulate these processes as a function of phosphorous (P) concentration, and might accelerate acquisition of P, one of the most limiting nutrients in the soil. These discoveries have opened new avenues to gain fundamental knowledge about the relationship between P, sugar phosphorylation and plant development. Since both hexose phosphorylating enzymes and P levels affect plant development, their interaction is of major importance for agriculture. Due to the acceleration of senescence caused by the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P concentration, traits affecting P uptake may have been lost in the course of cultivation in which fertilization with relatively high P (30 mg/L) are commonly used. We therefore intended to survey wild tomato species for high P-acquisition at low P soil levels. Genetic resources with high P-acquisition will serve not only to generate a segregating population to map the trait and clone the gene, but will also provide a means to follow the trait in classical breeding programs. This approach could potentially be applicable for other crops as well. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Our results confirm the mutual effect of hexose phosphorylating enzymes and P level on plant development. Two major aspects of this mutual effect arose. One is related to P toxicity in which HXK seems to play a major role, and the second is related to the effect of HXK on P concentration in the plant. Using tomato plants we demonstrated that high HXK activity increased leaf P concentration, and induced P toxicity when leaf P concentration increases above a certain high level. These results further support our prediction that the desired trait of high-P acquisition might have been lost in the course of cultivation and might exist in wild species. Indeed, in a survey of wild species we identified tomato species that acquired P and performed better at low P (in the irrigation water) compared to the cultivated Lycopersicon esculentum species. The connection between hexose phosphorylation and P toxicity has also been shown with the P sensitive species VerticordiaplumosaL . in which P toxicity is manifested by accelerated senescence (Silber et al., 2003). In a previous work we uncovered the phenomenon of sugar induced cell death (SICD) in yeast cells. Subsequently we showed that SICD is dependent on the rate of hexose phosphorylation as determined by Arabidopsis thaliana hexokinase. In this study we have shown that hexokinase dependent SICD has many characteristics of programmed cell death (PCD) (Granot et al., 2003). High hexokinase activity accelerates senescence (a PCD process) of tomato plants, which is further enhanced by high P. Hence, hexokinase mediated PCD might be a general phenomena. Botrytis cinerea is a non-specific, necrotrophic pathogen that attacks many plant species, including tomato. Senescing leaves are particularly susceptible to B. cinerea infection and delaying leaf senescence might reduce this susceptibility. It has been suggested that B. cinerea’s mode of action may be based on induction of precocious senescence. Using tomato plants developed in the course of the preceding BARD grant (IS 2894-97) and characterized throughout this research (Swartzberg et al., 2006), we have shown that B. cinerea indeed induces senescence and is inhibited by autoregulated production of cytokinin (Swartzberg et al., submitted). To further determine how hexokinase mediates sugar effects we have analyzed tomato plants that express Arabidopsis HXK1 (AtHXK1) grown at different P levels in the irrigation water. We found that Arabidopsis hexokinase mediates sugar signalling in tomato plants independently of hexose phosphate (Kandel-Kfir et al., submitted). To study which hexokinase is involved in sugar sensing we searched and identified two additional HXK genes in tomato plants (Kandel-Kfir et al., 2006). Tomato plants have two different hexose phosphorylating enzymes; hexokinases (HXKs) that can phosphorylate either glucose or fructose, and fructokinases (FRKs) that specifically phosphorylate fructose. To complete the search for genes encoding hexose phosphorylating enzymes we identified a forth fructokinase gene (FRK) (German et al., 2004). The intracellular localization of the four tomato HXK and four FRK enzymes has been determined using GFP fusion analysis in tobacco protoplasts (Kandel-Kfir et al., 2006; Hilla-Weissler et al., 2006). One of the HXK isozymes and one of the FRK isozymes are located within plastids. The other three HXK isozymes are associated with the mitochondria while the other three FRK isozymes are dispersed in the cytosol. We concluded that HXK and FRK are spatially separated in plant cytoplasm and accordingly might play different metabolic and perhaps signalling roles. We have started to analyze the role of the various HXK and FRK genes in plant development. So far we found that LeFRK2 is required for xylem development (German et al., 2003). Irrigation with different P levels had no effect on the phenotype of LeFRK2 antisense plants. In the course of this research we developed a rapid method for the analysis of zygosity in transgenic plants (German et al., 2003).