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1

Navarete, Felipe Donizeti Teston. "The Formation of High-Mass Stars: from High-Mass Clumps to Accretion Discs and Molecular Outflows." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-18042018-080121/.

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High-mass stars play a significant role in the evolution of the Universe and the process that leads to the formation of such objects is still an open question in Astrophysics. The details of the structures connected to the central sources, such as the circumstellar disks and the morphology of the jets at their launching points, still lack of observational evidence. In this thesis, the high-mass star forming process is investigated in terms of the evolution of high-mass clumps selected from the ATLASGAL survey based on their CO emission in the sub-millimetre. While single-dish sub-millimetre observations provide a large-scale view of the high-mass star formation process, higher angular resolution observations are required to disentangle the details of the protostars within the clumps. For this, three-dimensional infrared spectroscopy was obtained for a group of RMS sources to characterise the circumstellar environment of high-mass YSOs in linear scales of ~100-1000 AU. The ATLASGAL TOP100 sample offers a unique opportunity to analyse a statistically complete sample of high-mass clumps at different evolutionary stages. APEX data of three rotational J transitions of the CO (the CO(4-3), CO(6-5) and CO(7-6)) were used to characterise the properties of their warm gas (~155 K) content and to derive the relations between the CO and the clump properties. The CO line luminosities were derived and the analysis indicated that the CO emission increases as a function of the evolutionary stage of the clumps (from infrared-weak to HII regions) and as a function of the bolometric luminosity and mass of the sources. The comparison of the TOP100 with low-mass objects observed in the CO(6-5) and CO(7-6), together with CO(10-9) data observed for a complementary sample of objects indicated that the dependency of the CO luminosity with the bolometric luminosity of the sources gets steeper towards higher-J transitions. Although the CO luminosity of more luminous clumps are systematically larger than the values obtained for the less luminous sources, the individual analysis of each subsample suggests a similar dependency of the CO luminosity versus the bolometric luminosity for each luminosity regime. Finally, the presence of high-velocity CO emission observed for the TOP100 suggests that ~85% of the sources are driving molecular outflows. The selection of isolated high-mass objects undergoing mass accretion is fundamental to investigate if these objects are formed through an accretion disc or if they are formed by merging of low-mass YSOs. The near-infrared window provides one of the best opportunities to investigate the interior of the sub-mm clumps and study in details their individual members. Thanks to the relatively high-resolution obtained in the K-band and the moderate reddening effects in the K-band, a sample of eight (8) HMYSOs exhibiting large-scale H2 outflows were selected to follow-up K-band spectroscopic observations using the NIFS spectrometer (Gemini North). All sources exhibit extended continuum emission and exhibit atomic and molecular transitions typical of embedded objects, such as Brackett-gama, H2 and the CO lines. The H2 lines are tracing the launching point of the large-scale jets in scales of ~100 AU in five of eight sources (63%). The identification of jets at such small scales indicates that these objects are still undergoing mass accretion. The Brackett-gama emission probes the ionised gas around the HMYSOs. The analysis of the Brackett-gama spectro-astrometry at sub-pixel scales suggests that the line arises from the cavity of the outflows or from rotating structures perpendicular to the H2 jets (i.e., disc). Five sources also exhibit CO emission features (63%), and three HMYSOs display CO absorption features (38%), indicating that they are likely associated with circumstellar discs. By further investigating the kinematics of the spatially resolved CO absorption features, the Keplerian mass of three sources was estimated in 5±3, 8±5 and 30±10 solar masses. These results support that high-mass stars are formed through discs, similarly as observed towards low-mass stars. The comparison between the collimation degree of the molecular jets or outflows detected in the NIFS data with their large-scale counterparts indicate that these structures present a relatively wide range of collimation degrees.
Estrelas de alta massa têm grande impacto na evolução do Universo e o processo de formação destes objetos ainda é um problema em aberto na Astrofísica. Os detalhes das estruturas associadas às regiões mais próximas dos objetos centrais, tais como os discos circunstelares e a morfologia dos jatos próximos à base de lançamento, ainda não foram estudados em detalhe e carecem de evidências observacionais. Esta tese apresenta um estudo da formação de estrelas de alta massa em termos da evolução de glóbulos de alta massa (clumps), selecionados a partir do levantamento ATLASGAL, a partir de observações da molécula do CO na faixa espectral do sub-milimétrico. Enquanto observações \"single-dish\" no sub-milimétrico possibilitam o estudo em larga escala do processo de formação de estrelas de alta massa, observações com maior resolução angular são necessárias para investigar os detalhes das protoestrelas no interior dos glóbulos. Para isso, espectroscopia tri-dimensional no infra-vermelho próximo foi obtida para um grupo de fontes RMS para caracterizar o meio circunstelar de objetos estelares jovens e de alta massa (HMYSOs) em escalas lineares de ~100-1000 UA. A amostra TOP100 oferece uma oportunidade ímpar de analisar um conjunto estatisticamente completo de glóbulos de alta massa em diversas fases evolutivas. Observações realizadas com o radiotelescópio APEX de três transições rotacionais da molécula do CO (CO(4-3), CO(6-5) e CO(7-6)) foram utilizadas para estudar as propriedades do gás morno (~155 K) associado aos glóbulos, e obter as relações entre a emissão do CO e as propriedades físicas dos glóbulos. A luminosidade das diferentes transições do CO foi obtida e sua análise mostrou que a emissão do gás aumenta em função do estágio evolutivo dos glóbulos (de glóbulos com emissão fraca no infravermelho longínquo a regiões HII) e em função da luminosidade bolométrica e massa dos glóbulos. A comparação entre os glóbulos de alta massa presentes na amostra TOP100 com fontes de menor massa observadas nas transições do CO(6-5) e CO(7-6), juntamente com a análise de uma amostra complementar de fontes observadas na transição do CO(10-9) mostrou que a dependência da luminosidade do CO com a luminosidade bolométrica aumenta em função do número quântico J associado à transição do CO. Este estudo também mostrou que as relações entre a luminosidade do CO e dos clumps são dominadas pelas fontes de alta luminosidade presentes na amostra analisada. A análise individual de fontes de baixa e alta luminosidade sugerem que a dependência entreas luminosidades do CO e bolométrica é a mesma em ambos os regimes de luminosidade, embora as luminosidades do CO sejam sistematicamente maiores para os glóbulos de alta massa. Por fim, a análise da emissão do CO em altas-velocidades mostrou que ~85% dos glóbulos presentes na amostra TOP100 apresentam jatos moleculares. A seleção de objetos de alta massa isolados em estágio de acreção ativa é crucial para decidir se ela ocorre através de um disco de acreção e/ou via fusão de YSOs de menor massa. Para isso, observações no infra-vermelho próximo são ideais para se investigar o conteúdo dos glóbulos sub-milimétricos e resolver seus membros individuais. Devido a alta resolução espacial na banda K e a extinção interestelar moderada nesta faixa espectral, um conjunto de oito (8) HMYSOs associados a jatos em H2 em larga-escala foram selecionados para observações espectroscópicas na banda K utilizando o espectrômetro NIFS no Gemini Norte. Todos os objetos investigados com o NIFS apresentam emissão extendida no contínuo, bem como nas linhas espectrais típicas de fontes jovens, tais como o Brackett-gama, transições do H2 e a emissão nas bandas moleculares do CO. A emissão em H2 está associada aos jatos moleculares em escalas de ~100 UA em cinco das oito fontes (63%). A indentificação de jatos moleculares em escalas tão próximas ao objeto central indica que o processo de acreção de massa ainda está ativo nestes objetos. A emissão do Brackett-gama provém do gás ionizado nas regiões mais próximas das fontes centrais ou regiões de choque próximas aos jatos. A espectro-astrometria da linha do Brackett-gama em escalas de sub-píxeis, indica que a emissão do gás ocorre nas cavidades dos jatos moleculares ou delineiam estruturas alinhadas perpendicularmente aos jatos, tais como os discos de acreção. Cinco fontes também apresentam emissão nas bandas do CO (63%), e três HMYSOs apresentam linhas do CO em absorção (38%), indicando que estes objetos apresentam discos de acreção. A massa total do sistema \"disco e protoestrela\" foi determinada a partir do estudo da cinemática das linhas de absorção do CO, detectadas em três objetos. A partir de modelos de rotação Kepleriana, as massas das fontes foram estimadas em 5±3, 8±5 e 30±10 massas solares. Os resultados obtidos a partir da espectroscopia tri-dimensional no infravermelho corroboram a hipótese de que estrelas de alta massa são formadas a partir de acreção por discos, de maneira similar ao observado para estrelas de baixa massa. A comparação entre a morfologia dos jatos moleculares identificados nos campos do NIFS e das correspondentes contrapartidas em escalas maiores indicam que os jatos apresentam diferentes graus de colimação ao longo de suas estruturas, explicadas pela multiplicidade de fontes nas proximidades da base de lançamento dos jatos ou efeitos de precessão no objeto central.
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2

Pozzo, Monica. "The effect of high-mass stars on low-mass star formation." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366445.

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North, Simon John. "High sensitivity mass spectrometric glycoprotein analysis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404993.

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4

Gregson, Celia Louise. "The epidemiology of high bone mass." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555628.

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Raised bone density is a sporadic incidental finding on routine Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scanning of apparently asymptomatic individuals, but may reflect an w1derlying skeletal dysplasia. I aimed to establish the prevalence of High Bone Mass(HBM) and perform the first detailed characterisation of the HBM phenotype. Methods By screening 335,115 DXA scans, 258 individuals with unexplained HBM (Ll Z-score~+3.2 plus total hip Z-score≥+1.2, or total hip Z-score≥+3.2) were recruited, from 15 UK centres. Subsequently, 236 first-degree relatives were recruited of whom 94(41 %) had HBM (Ll Z- score plus total hip Z-score≥+3.2). 61 spouses were recruited, 3 had HBM. Together unaffected relatives and spouses constituted controls. Phenotypes were established by clinical assessment, DXA, serum analyses, and forearm/ tibial peripheral quantitative computer tomography (PQCT). Cases and controls were compared using random-effects linear and logistic regression models, clustered by family, adjusted for confounders. pQCT findings were replicated using Hertfordshire Cohort Study(HCS) general population data. Results HBM affected 0.18% of DXAs. Cases had an excess of sinking when swimming (7.11 [3.65,13.84],p<0.001) (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]), mandible enlargement (4.16 [2.34,7.39],p<0.OOl), extra bone at tendon/ligament insertions (2.07[1.13,3.78],p=0.018) and broad frame (3.55(2.12,5.95],p<0.001). Cases had larger shoe sizes (0.4[0.l,0.7]UK sizes,p=0.009, mean differences adjusted for age, gender) and increased body weight (6.2[3.5,8.9]kg,p<0.001). The latter was explained by striking increases in bone and fat mass (0.68[0.56,O.80]kg & 6.80[3.96,9.63]kg respectively, both p<0.00l). Lean mass increases. were disproportionately low. Bone resorption and formation markers were substantially reduced. HBM showed increased trabecular and cortical densities (23.7[15.5,32.0] & 28.53 [13.38,43.69]mg/ cm-, 4 & 66% tibia respectively, both p
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Gothäll, Rikard. "Rock mass response during high pressure grouting." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Civil and Architectural Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3853.

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The sealing of hard jointed rock by grouting involves several complicated mechanical systems. The result is a complex coupled system of hydro- logical and mechanical precesses. In order to determine the higher order effects of the resulting system the fracture deformations must be assessed. This requires a model that mimics the mechanical behaviour of not only fractures under normal load but also the entire rock mass system. This model indicates that there are two dominant regimes involved; a permeation regime and a high pressure regime.

The pressure limit that separates permeation grouting from high pressure grouting can then be found to be closely related to the in situ stress. In the high pressure regime the deformations may be large but very situation-dependent. The principal deformational eigenmodes of some boundary conditions are considered. The analysis indicates that the usage of high pressure grouting can be both benficial to the operation as well as increase the inflow of water to the excavation.

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Pierce, Carrie. "High throughput mass spectrometry for microbial identification." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43741.

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Bacteria cause significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world, including deadly diseases such as tuberculosis, meningitis, cholera, and pneumonia. Timely and accurate bacterial identification is critical in areas such as clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, water and air quality assessment, and identification of biological threat agents. At present, there is an established need for high throughput, sensitive, selective, and rapid methods for the detection of pathogenic bacteria, as existing methods, while nominally effective, have failed to sufficiently reduce the massive impact of bacterial contamination and infection. The work presented in this thesis focuses on addressing this need and augmenting conventional microorganism research through development of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic applications. MS, a well established tool for addressing biological problems, offers a broad range of laboratory procedures that can be used for taxonomic classification and identification of microorganisms. These methods provide a powerful complement to many of the widely used molecular biology approaches and play critical functions in various fields of science. While implementation of modern biomolecule-identifying instrumentation, such as MS, has long been postulated to have a role in the microbiology laboratory, it has yet to be accepted on a large scale. Described in this document are MS methods that erect strong foundations on which new bacterial diagnostics may be based. A general introduction on key aspects of this work is presented in Chapter 1, where different approaches for detection of pathogenic bacteria are reviewed, and an overview regarding MS and microbial identification is provided. Chapter 2 presents the first implementation of microbial identification via rapid, open air Direct Analysis in Real Time MS (DART MS) to generate ions directly from microbial samples, including the disease-causing bacteria, Coxiella burnetii, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli. Chapter 3 expands on whole cell C. burnetii MS analysis and presents a rapid differentiation method to the strain-level for C. burnetii using mass profiling/fingerprinting matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS and multivariate pattern recognition. Chapter 4 presents a unique "top-down" proteomics approach using 15N-labeled bacteriophage amplification coupled with MALDI-TOF MS as a detector for the rapid and selective identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Chapter 5 extends the idea of using isotopically labeled bacteriophage amplification by implementing a "bottom-up" proteomics approach that not only identifies S. aureus in a sample, but also quantifies the bacterial concentration in the sample using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS) as a detector. In conclusion, Chapter 6, summarizes and contextualizes the work presented in this dissertation, and outlines how future research can build upon the experimentation detailed in this document.
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Gothäll, Rikard. "Rock mass response during high pressure grouting /." Stockholm : Division of rock and soil mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3853.

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Pattison, Ian. "High-mass star-forming regions in M33." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422023.

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Boes, Kelsey Susan. "High Efficiency Mass Spectrometry Characterization of Biomaterials." Thesis, North Carolina State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10970023.

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Current factories producing plant-based fossil-fuel replacements are neither environmentally friendly nor economically viable because their main product, bio-oil, is burned for heat rather than sold for profit. However, bio-oil is rich in potentially valuable aromatic compounds. In order to valorize bio-oil and improve the economic viability of the factories, we need to understand bio-oil’s composition and the effect of processing parameters—such as plant feedstock and pretreatment method. Unfortunately, bio-oil is a complex lignocellulosic mixture that is difficult to analyze. To fully characterize the hundreds of compounds present, analysis typically requires top-end mass spectrometers and lengthy separations. This cost prohibits many laboratories from pursuing bio-oil research. Then time-consuming separations limit recursive analyses to optimize process parameters. The question takes shape: is it possible to analyze complex lignocellulosic mixtures without lengthy separations or top-end mass spectrometers? To assess the feasibility of rapid, affordable analysis, I set out to develop qualitative and quantitative methods using a quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer. I hypothesized that (a) ionization dopants could mitigate the need for lengthy separations pre-injection and that (b) tandem mass spectrometry could compensate for the midrange resolving power of the QTOF. To test this hypothesis, I started by analyzing another lignocellulosic biomaterial: autohydrolyzate, the product of hydrothermal pretreatment of biomass feedstocks. I observed that two anionic dopants—hydroxide and chloride—worked exceptionally well for selective analysis of the two major components of a lignocellulosic mixture, lignin- and carbohydrate-derivatives. Tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the game-changing selectivity of the dopants. With these favorable results, I applied the ionization dopants to two case studies. Chloride dopant and tandem mass spectrometry were employed to qualitatively analyze the little understood lignin-carbohydrate complexes found in lignocellulosic mixtures. Hydroxide dopant and tandem mass spectrometry were employed to quantitatively analyze the feasibility of valorizing biooil as a performance-enhancing diesel fuel additive. Both projects offered exciting success that redefined the scope of research possible using a QTOF. I demonstrated that by using ionization dopants and tandem mass spectrometry, it is possible for laboratories with limited means to use a cost-effective QTOF for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex lignocellulosic mixtures.

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Barsony, Mary Anne Scoville Nicholas Zabriskie Scoville Nicholas Zabriskie. "Outflows in high mass star-forming regions /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1989. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-09102008-084535.

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Kwong, Kam-Yuen. "Quantum induction and Higgs mass." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289767.

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With our newly proposed dynamical Higgs mechanism and Quantum Induction programme, Higgs mass is predicted at M(H) ≈ 190 GeV by using our modified renormalization group equations. The same procedure also explains the top quark mass correctly.
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Wills, Rebecca Helen. "High mass accuracy analytical applications of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/60050/.

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The performance capabilities of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry are higher than any other type of mass spectrometer, making this technique suitable for a range of analytical applications. Here, FTICR mass spectrometry has been used for the structural analysis of polyketides and nonribosomal peptides, and in the identification of peptide binding sites of ruthenium(II) arene anticancer complexes. In both these applications, methods have been developed involving complementary tandem mass spectrometry techniques, specifically collision activated dissociation (CAD), electron induced dissociation (EID), and electron capture dissociation. In particular, CAD and EID have been shown to be effective in the structural characterisation of polyketides, with a method developed for distinguishing between two isomers of the polyketide lasalocid A. This method has been optimised and extended for application to non-ribosomal peptides enabling detailed structural information to be obtained with very high accuracy. Using CAD and ECD has enabled the identification of amino acids involved in binding ruthenium(II) complexes. Binding to phenylalanine and glutamic acid was observed in this work for the first time; coordination by histidine and methionine was also observed and is in agreement with previous work. Overall, new methods for highly accurate structural characterisation and binding site identification have been successfully designed and implemented.
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Watson, R. Craig Jr. "Laser-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry of High Molecular Mass Inorganic Complexes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35554.

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Laser-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LI-TOF-MS) is a sophisticated tool for the molecular-weight determination and structural characterization of a variety of molecules. Advances in instrumentation and ionization methods have recently expanded its role in the analysis of high-mass analytes. Large multimetallic complexes, which are efficient solar-energy converters, rely heavily on their chemical structure for optimum operation. Molecular mass determinations of these multimetallic complexes have been problematic due to their lability and high molecular weights.

This thesis describes the characterization of a LI-TOF-MS instrument and confirmation of theoretical time-of-flight mass-separation principles. Several test cases demonstrate the instrument's proper operation and calibration for a wide mass range of analytes. Mass spectral results of three organometallic compounds: i. [Ir(dpp)2Cl2](PF6), ii. {[(bpy)2Ru(dpp)]2IrCl2}(PF6)5, and iii. {[(bpy)2Ru(dpp)]2RuCl2}(PF6)5 under a variety of laser ionization and sample preparation conditions are compared. A complete structural characterization of the monometallic complex, [Ir(dpp)2Cl2](PF6), is presented. The two trimetallic analytes fragmented easily, but significant components of the molecules are successfully identified. After optimizing the ionization and analytical procedure, LI-TOF-MS proved useful in the analysis of high molecular mass metal complexes.
Master of Science

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Pillai, Thushara. "The Initial conditions of high mass star formation." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=98018763X.

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Kontoulis, Ioannis. "Fabrication and mass transport in high Tc superconductors." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46396.

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Furness, James. "Observations of young high mass star forming regions." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515251.

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Maple, Hannah Jane. "Towards high-throughput fragment screening by mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559091.

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Screening for protein-ligand binding interactions is a key step during early stage drug discovery programmes. The fragment-based screening approach has gained popularity in recent years as a highly promising alternative to traditional high-throughput screening (HTS) , which has not yielded the success rate expected in the 'post-genomic' drug discovery era. The increasing use of fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD), however, places additional demands on biophysical screening techniques, and requires that the techniques used are capable of detecting very weak non-covalent interactions (mM Ko values). Existing screerung techniques that have been applied to FBDD, such as nuelear magnetic resonance (NMR), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and X-ray crystallography, are all associated with one or more of the following drawbacks: low throughput, high sample consumption and dynamic range limitations. The use of nano- electrospray mass spectrometry (nano-ESI MS) as a means of screening for non-covalent complexes is a relatively recent addition to existing methodologies that shows promise as an orthogonal screening technique. The advantages it offers: high throughput, low sample consumption, generation of stoichiometric information and the ability to determine dissociation constants make this an attractive approach. Presented here is the development and validation of a fully automated screen by nano-ESI MS, capable of detecting fragment binding into the mM KD range. The method was applied for screening against the anti-apoptotic protein target, Bel-XL, and mass spectrometry results were validated using STD-NMR, HSQC-NMR and ITC experiments. Agreement between techniques suggests that mass spectrometry offers a powerful, complementary approach for primary screening. Two alternate, or secondary screerung techniques are also explored. Equilibrium dialysis, combined with nano-ESI MS and STD-NMR, was investigated for the identification of bioactive atropisomers to therapeutic protein targets, Bel-XL and Bcl-2, from mixtures of rotameric compounds. The methodology developed offers an alternative, 'ligand-detect' approach to screening by nano-ESI MS for cases where direct detection of the protein-ligand complex is not possible. Preliminary data are also shown for the application of a microflow capillary NMR probe to automated screening by HSQC NMR experiments. Capillary probes offer excellent mass sensitivity and can be fully automated through interfacing with a liquid handling system. This has the potential to offer a novel fragment screening platform that provides information on the location of compound binding through chemical shift perturbations.
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Banik, Chandan Kumer. "High mass low velocity impact on concrete beams." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/160.

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Li, Gongjie. "Long-Term Dynamics of High Mass Ratio Multiples." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467288.

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This thesis presents a series of studies on the dynamics of high mass ratio multiples, with applications to planetary systems orbiting stars and stellar systems orbiting supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Almost two thousand exoplanetary systems have recently been discovered, and their configurations gave rise to new puzzles to planetary formation theories. We studied the dynamics of planetary systems aiming to understand how the configuration of planetary system is sculptured and to probe the origin of planetary systems. First, we discussed hierarchical three-body dynamics, which can be applied to planets that are orbiting a star while perturbed by a planet or a star that is farther away. The perturbation from the farther object can flip the planetary orbits and produce counter orbiting hot Jupiters, which cannot be formed in the classical planetary formation theory. In addition, we have studied the scatter encounter of planetary systems in clusters, which produce eccentric and inclined planets. Moreover, we investigated the obliquity variation of planets, which can be applied to exoplanetary systems. The obliquity variation is important to the habitability of the exoplanets. The long term dynamics is also important to stellar systems orbiting SMBHs. SMBHs are common in the center of galaxies and lead to rich dynamical interactions with nearby stars. At the same time, dynamical features of the nearby stars reveal important properties of the SMBHs. The aforementioned hierarchical three-body dynamics can be applied to stars near SMBH binaries, which are natural consequences of galaxy mergers. We found that the distribution of stars surrounding one of the SMBHs results in a shape of torus due to the perturbation from the other SMBH, and the dynamical interactions contribute to an enhancement of tidal disruption rates, which can help identify the SMBH binaries. In addition, we investigated the heating of stars near SMBHs, where the heating of stars due to gravitational waves as the SMBHs merge may mark the merger, and provide electromagnetic counterpart for gravitational wave detection. Moreover, the accumulated tidal heating of stars may cause the stars to be more vulnerable for tidal disruptions, as the stars orbit around a SMBH in an eccentric orbit.
Astronomy
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Tsao, Chia-Wen. "Interfacing microfluidic bioanalysis with high sensitivity mass spectrometry." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8269.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Fareed, Shamsoon. "Subsea pipes under high-mass low-velocity impacts." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3312.

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Subsea steel pipes are often used to form networks for transporting oil and gas over large distances. Such pipes can potentially be subjected to actions characterised by high loading rates and intensities stemming from accidental loads caused by high-mass low-velocity impacts. In order to ensure that such networks can continue to operate after being subjected to such extreme loading conditions, it is essential that the behaviour of the pipes is characterised by a certain level of resilience. The short duration and high intensity that often characterises impact loads can potentially result in large strain-rates being exhibited within the pipes. To study the effects of the loading-rate on the material behaviour of steel and identify the causes that trigger the experimentally observed shift in specimen behaviour with increasing loading rates compared to that established under equivalent static testing, a review of the relevant experimental evidence is carried out. A review reveals that the specimen behaviour is significantly affected by the developing inertia forces and the interaction with the experimental setup. This suggests that the available test data describes structural rather than material behaviour, thus raising concerns regarding the validity of current practices to employ such data for the development of constitutive models capable of predicting material behaviour under high loading rates. A numerical study is carried out investigating the behaviour exhibited by steel pipes under impact loading, accompanied by a limited number of drop-weight tests. The numerical predictions, which are validated against relevant test data reveal that number of parameters associated with the characteristics of the impacting object, the geometry and the support conditions of the pipes, the level of axial loading as well as the level of internal and external pressure imposed onto the walls of the pipes can significantly affect, often detrimentally, the exhibited behaviour under impact loading. Existing assessment methods employed in practice for predicting the level of damage sustained by pipes during impact do not accurately consider the effect of the above parameters. As a result questions rise concerning their ability to realistically predict the level of damage sustained by such pipes under impact. The numerical predictions are presented in the form of simple diagrams quantifying the individual and combined effect of the above parameters on the level of damage sustained by the pipes when subjected to impact. The latter predictions can potentially form the basis for the development of more advanced analysis methods suitable for practice and leading to the development of more effective design solutions capable of safeguarding the intended level of resilience required to characterise the behaviour of subsea pipes. Finally, it is shown that the use of coatings, constructed from reinforced concrete or engineered cementitious composites, can potentially further reduce the level of damage sustained by pipes due to impact loading, however, further – more detailed – studies are required in order to accurately quantify these benefits.
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González, Galán Ana. "Fundamental properties of High Mass X-ray Binaries." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/41723.

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The aim of this thesis is to characterise a sample of High Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs) formed by: IGR J00370+6122, XTE J1855-026, AX J1841.0-0535 and AX J1845.0-0433. These objects are composed of pulsars (rotating neutron stars) accreting material from the wind of their supergiant companions. The X-rays are produced in the interaction of the accreted material with the strong gravitational field of the neutron star that accelerates this material and heats it up to ~ 107 K. The study of HMXBs has strong implications in several areas of Physics and Astrophysics. They contain neutron stars whose study is essential to constrain the equation of state of nuclear dense matter, and provides insights on the astrophysical models of core collapse and Supernovae explosions. HMXBs considered as a population give information on the properties of the galaxy. In addition they are excellent test-beds to study accretion physics and outflows. The X-ray behaviour of these systems determines the class of system (classical HMXBs, Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients, Be/X-ray Binaries). The differences in the X-ray emission are supposed to be due to the different properties of the binary systems, such as the orbital properties, the magnetic field of the neutron star or the spectral type of the donor star. HMXBs in this thesis are wind-fed systems, therefore, the properties of the wind (which depend on the spectral type) and the interaction of this wind with the gravitational field of the compact object are key elements to understand the X-ray emission. Therefore, in this thesis an orbital solution for each target of study has been determined using optical spectra of the donor star. Moreover, to check if wind variability is related to the orbit of the binary system, analysis of Ha variations have been carried out. Furthermore, in the case of IGR J00370+6122 and XTE J1855-026 we have obtained an atmosphere model for each of the donor stars allowing us to characterise the atmospheres of these stars, and consequently to determine physical parameters such as the Teff or the log g. Finally publicly available X-ray light curves have been analysed to study the X-ray emission of the different sources against their orbital periods. As a general conclusion, it seems there is a continuum of properties of these systems more than a strict classification. A combination of factors, of which some of them could be unknown, might be the cause of their different X-ray flux behaviours. The outline of this thesis is as follows: the scientific context is given in Chapter 1 an overview of the analysis performed for each of the sources of study is presented in Chapter 2; Chapter 3 is dedicated to the description of a pipeline optimised for the reduction of FRODOSpec spectra of obscured red sources (donor stars of the targets of study); Chapters (4, 5 and 6) present the characterization of the four sources in this thesis, which are different kind of wind-fed systems; and finally general conclusions and future work are given in Chapter 7.
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Fu, Tingting. "3D and High Sensitivity Micrometric Mass Spectrometry Imaging." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS218/document.

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L'imagerie par spectrométrie de masse est d’un grand intérêt pour aborder les questions biologiques en fournissant simultanément des informations chimiques et spatiales. En particulier, la spectrométrie de masse baptisée TOF-SIMS est bien reconnue par sa haute résolution spatiale (< 1 μm), qui est essentielle pour révéler l'information chimique dans une zone submicronique. L'emploi croissant de cette technique dans la caractérisation des échantillons biologiques a bénéficié du développement de nouvelles sources d'ions d’agrégats. Cependant, les processus d'ionisation/désorption des analytes sous les impacts d’agrégats lourds sont encore mal compris. D'un autre côté, techniquement, les instruments TOF-SIMS commerciaux actuels ne peuvent pas fournir une résolution en masse suffisante ni une précision sur la détermination de la masse pour l'identification moléculaire, ce qui rend les analyses de systèmes biologiques complexes très difficiles, et nécessite le recours à la fragmentation MS/MS. Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre la production d'ions sous l’impact d’agrégats lourds et à explorer la capacité MS/MS du spectromètre de masse par temps de vol combiné à l’imagerie ionique en utilisant le spectromètre de masse PHI nanoTOF II. Ce dernier point a été réalisé en cartographiant en haute résolution spatiale des métabolites importants de bois. Pour comprendre la production d'ions sous les impacts d’agrégats d'argon massifs, l'énergie interne des ions secondaires a été mesurée en utilisant la mesure du taux de survie d'une série d'ions benzylpyridinium. L'étude de diverses conditions d'impact (énergie, vitesse, taille des agrégats) a montré que la vitesse joue le rôle majeur dans la distribution d'énergie interne et la fragmentation moléculaire dans le régime à faible énergie par atome (E/n < 10 eV).Les capacités de la fragmentation MS/MS et d'imagerie en parallèle du spectromètre PHI nanoTOF II nouvellement conçu ont été évalués par cartographie MS/MS in situ des métabolites bioactifs rubrynolide et rubrenolide dans les espèces amazoniennes de bois Sextonia rubra, ainsi qu’une identification in situ des métabolites précurseurs. L'imagerie TOF-SIMS 2D et 3D a permis de localiser les cellules où cette biosynthèse s’effectue. Les résultats ont conduit à la proposition d'une voie possible de biosynthèse des deux métabolites. Pour étendre l'application de l'imagerie TOF-SIMS dans l'analyse chimique du bois, la distribution radiale des extraits de bois dans le duramen du bois du mélèze européen a également été étudiée
Mass spectrometry imaging has been shown of great interest in addressing biological questions by providing simultaneously chemical and spatial information. Particularly, TOF-SIMS is well recognized for its high spatial resolution (< 1 µm) which is essential in disclosing chemical information within a submicron area. The increasing use of TOF-SIMS in characterizing biological samples has greatly benefited from the introduction of new cluster ion sources. However, the ionization/desorption of the analytes under impacts of large clusters is still poorly understood. On the other hand, technically, current commercial TOF-SIMS instruments generally cannot provide sufficient mass resolution or mass accuracy for molecular identification, making analyses of complex biological systems especially challenging when no MS/MS fragmentation is available. Thus this thesis is aimed to get a better understanding of ion production under cluster impacts, to explore the MS/MS capability of the parallel imaging MS/MS Spectrometer (PHI nanoTOF II), as well as to apply TOF-SIMS to map important wood metabolites with high spatial resolution.In order to understand ion production under impacts of massive argon clusters, internal energy distributions of secondary ions were measured using survival yield method which involves the analyses of a series of benzylpyridinium ions. Investigation of various impacting conditions (energy, velocity, cluster size) suggested that velocity of the clusters play a major role in internal energy distribution and molecular fragmentation in the low energy per atom regime (E/n < 10 eV). The MS/MS fragmentation and parallel imaging capabilities of the newly designed PHI nanoTOF II spectrometer were evaluated by in situ MS/MS mapping of bioactive metabolites rubrynolide and rubrenolide in Amazonia wood species Sextonia rubra. Then this parallel imaging MS/MS technique was applied to perform in situ identification of related precursor metabolites in the same tree species. 2D and 3D TOF-SIMS imaging were carried out to target the plant cells that biosynthesize rubrynolide and rubrenolide. The results led to the proposal of a possible biosynthesis pathway of these two metabolites. In addition, to expand the application of TOF-SIMS imaging in wood chemistry analysis, radial distribution of wood extractives in the heartwood of European larch was also investigated
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FAUSTINI, FABIANA. "Multiwave analysis of high-mass star forming regions." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1198.

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Ci sono stati notevoli sforzi per capire come si formano le stelle, sia da un punto di vista teorico che osservativo. Abbiamo raggiunto una buona comprensione di come si formano le stelle di bassa massa isolate (Klein et al. 2006). Lo scenario attualmente accettato è che le stelle di bassa massa si formano attraverso il collasso gravitazionale di un core prestellare; in seguito la formazione della sorgente prosegue con un accrescimanto dal disco che la circonda. Estendere questa teoria ad stelle di alta massa non è banale. Le protostelle di alta massa raggiungono la sequenza principale mentre sono ancora nella fase di accrescimento principale. Quando la protostella centrale raggiunge una massa di circa 10 masse solari si innesca la fusione dell'idrogeno nel nucleo della stella e la pressione di radiazione e il vento dovrebbero impedire un'ulteriore accrescimento. Diverse teorie sono oggi proposte per permettere la formazione di oggetti di alta massa, che vengono presentate nel capitolo introduttivo, e noi cerchiamo di discriminare tra questi modelli teorici attraverso la ricostruzione della Star-Formation Hystori di ammassi stellari che si formano in regioni di formazione di alta massa. La presentazione di questo lavoro è divisa in tre sezioni. • La prima parte presenta l'analisi del nostro campione di sorgenti e la discussione dei risultati scientifici. Questa è a sua volta divisa in tre capitoli. Nel capitolo 2 presentiamo i risultati della nostra analisi nelle bande del Vicino-InfraRosso caratterizzando le proprietà dei clusters di bassa massa; mentre nel capitolo 3, abbiamo mostriamo come ottenere le SEDS per gli oggetti di massa intermedia ed alta e come queste si confrontano con i modelli teorici. Nel Capitolo4 mettiamo insieme i risultati su tutte le lunghezze d'onda prese in esame per estrapolare le informazioni sulla storia dei clusters in fase di formazione. • Nella seconda sezione presentiamo la struttura e le prestazioni dell' algoritmo di analisi dati da noi sviluppato. • L'ultima sezione riassume i risultati ottenuti in questo lavoro di ricerca.
There have been considerable efforts to understand how stars form from both a theoretical and an observational point of view. We have reached a good understanding of how isolated lowmass stars form (Klein et al. 2006). The widely accepted scenario is that low-mass stars form by the gravitational collapse of a prestellar core followed at later stages by disk accretion. Extending this theory to high-mass stars is not trivial. Highmass (proto-)stars reach the zero age main sequence while still accreting. When the central protostar reaches a mass of about 10 Msun hydrogen fusion ignites in the core and the star’s radiation pressure and wind should prevent further accretion. Several theories are today proposed, we discuss about them in the introduction, and we try to discriminate between these theoretical models through the re-building of the Star-Formation Hystori of clusters formed in high-mass star formation regions. The presentation of this work is divided into three section. • The first part presents the analysis of our sample and the discussion of our scientific results, it is divided in three chapter. In the chapter 2 we presents the results of our analysis in the Near-IR banbs to characterized the properties of low mass cluster in our sample, while in the chapter 3 we shown the SEDs building for intermediate and high-mass objects and the fits with theoretical models. In the chapter4 we take again our results on all the examinated wavelengths to extrapolate the information about the clusters star formation history. • In the second section the structure and the performances of our data analysis algorithm is presented. • The last section recapitulates the results obtain in all this work
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Munar, i. Adrover Pere. "High energy processes in young stellar objects and high-mass X-ray binaries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/144509.

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The high energy astrophysics, specifically the gamma-ray astrophysics, studies the processes that cannot be caused by hot matter but by other mechanisms colled non thermaland processes, which involve matter with energies above ~ 1 MeV. There are currently a number of instruments able to detect this radiation, such as AGILE and Fermi satellites or Cherenkov telescopes like MAGIC at the Earth's surface. In this thesis we studied two main types of systems that, as it has been observed or theoretically predicted, can produce gamma radiation : young stellar objects and high-mass X-ray binaries. Young stellar objects are found in regions of star formation, which are the cradles where new stars are being formed. The star-forming regions are populated with protostars and young stars, among other objects. Protostars still accrete matter from the parent cloud through an accretion disk, while expelling material through a jet formed by magnetic interaction. In these jets the particles are ejected at high speeds out of the system and in some cases reach relativistic velocities, as evidenced by the detection of non-thermal radio emission in some of these objects. In this thesis we are interested to find more evidence of young stellar objects that present non-thermal emission, either in the range of X-rays or gamma rays. To find new candidates have used the first catalog of the Fermi satellite and the catalogs of young systems in our Galaxy. Besides the search through catalogs, we did a study using archival X-ray XMM-Newton data on the young stellar object IRAS 16547-4247, which is known to display non-thermal radio emission. This object is a protostar still accretes material through an accretion disk and also ejects jets of material through particle. We discovered its X-ray counterpart and studied the interaction of its jets through a theoretical model. Finally, we studied a region of star formation that has been found in spatial coincidence with a second Fermi source catalog, known as Monoceros R2 . We analyzed the Fermi data from this source and our results allow us to say that the detected gamma-ray emission is consistent with that expected by the collective effects of a population of protostars. Among the other large block of this thesis there are high-mass X-ray binares. The most relevant of which we have studied is MWC 656. This system consists of a Be star and a black hole, a combination that has never been detected before. We have observed this source with XMM-Newton in X-rays and with the MAGIC Telescopes in very high energy gamma rays. Our X-ray observation has led to the discovery of the X-ray counterpart of this binary system and has allowed us to classify it as a high-mass X-ray binary, the first composed of a Be star and a black hole. Other systems we studied with MAGIC are HESS J0632 +057 and SS 433. HESS J0632 +057 is a binary system consisting of a Be star and a compact object of unknown nature and was identified by us as a gamma-ray emitter. We have also observed SS 433, the first microquasar ever discovered. We observed this source during 2010 May and June, but it has not been detected. We have calculated upper limits to the emission of very high energy gamma-rays to put constraints on the physical parameters of the system.
L'astrofísica d'altes energies i en concret l'astrofísica de raigs gamma, estudia els processos d'emissió que no poden ser causats per matèria calenta, sinó per altres mecanismes que anomenem no tèrmics i que comporten que la matèria que emet aquesta radiació tingui energies per sobre d'1~MeV. Actualment disposem d'un bon nombre d'instruments capaços de detectar aquesta emissió, com ara els satèl•lits Fermi i AGILE o els telescopis Cherenkov com MAGIC, a la superfície terrestre. En aquesta tesi hem estudiat principalment dos tipus de sistemes que, tal com s'ha observat o predit teòricament, poden produir radiació gamma: els objectes estel•lars joves i els sistemes binaris de raigs X d’alta massa. Els objectes estel•lars joves els trobem a les regions de formació estel•lar, que són els bressols on noves estrelles s'estan formant. Els pobladors de les regions de formació estel•lar són les protoestrelles i les estrelles joves, entre altres objectes celests. Les protoestrelles encara acretem matèria del núvol progenitor a través d'un disc d'acreció, i al mateix temps expulsen material per mitjà d'uns dolls formats per interacció magnètica. En aquests dolls les partícules són expulsades a grans velocitats cap a fora del sistema i en alguns casos assoleixen velocitats relativistes tal com evidencia la detecció d'emissió ràdio no tèrmica en alguns d'aquests objectes. En aquesta tesi ens hem interessat per trobar evidència de més objectes estel•lars joves que presentin emissió no tèrmica, ja sigui en el rang dels raigs X o dels raigs gamma. Per a trobar nous candidats hem aprofitat el primer catàleg del satèl•lit Fermi i l'hem creuat amb catàlegs d'objectes joves de la Galàxia. A més a més de la cerca per mitjà de catàlegs, hem fet un estudi en raigs X a partir de dades d'arxiu disponibles sobre un objecte estel•lar jove del que ja es coneix emissió no tèrmica en ràdio: IRAS 16547-4247. Aquest objecte és una protoestrella que encara acreta material per mitjà d'un disc d'acreció i que alhora expulsa material a través de dolls de partícules. Hem descobert la contrapartida en raigs X d'aquest sistema i l'hem estudiat per mitjà d'un model teòric. Finalment, hem estudiat una regió de formació estel•lar que s'ha trobat en coincidència espacial amb una font del segon catàleg de Fermi, coneguda com Monoceros R2. Hem analitzat les dades de Fermi d'aquesta font i els nostres resultats ens permeten dir que l'emissió gamma detectada és compatible amb el que s'esperaria que produissin un conjunt de protoestrelles. Dins de l'altre gran bloc d'aquesta tesi trobem les estrelles binàries de raigs X d'alta massa. El cas més rellevant dels que hem estudiat és el de MWC 656. Aquest sistema està format per una estrella Be i un forat negre, una combinació que mai s'havia detectat. Nosaltres hem observat aquesta font amb el telescopi de raigs X XMM-Newton i amb els Telescopis MAGIC, en raigs gamma de molt alta energia. La nostra observació de raigs X ha suposat la descoberta de la contrapartida de raigs X d'aquest sistema binari i ens ha permès classificar-la com a binària de raigs X d'alta massa, la primera composada per una estrella Be i un forat negre. Altres sistemes que hem estudiat amb MAGIC són HESS J0632+057 i SS 433. HESS J0632+057 és un sistema binari format per una estrella Be i un objecte compacte de natura desconeguda i va ser detectat per nosaltres com a emissor de raigs gamma. També hem observat SS 433, el primer microquàsar que es va descobrir. Hem observat aquesta font durant els mesos de maig i juny de 2010 però no s'ha detectat. Així, hem calculat límits superiors a l'emissió gamma de molt alta energia que serveixen per a posar restriccions en paràmetres físics.
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Woods, P. J. "Mass measurements of light neutron rich nuclei." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374579.

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Samiveloo, Silverraji Chemistry Faculty of Science UNSW. "High speed comprehensive two-dimenstional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39732.

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The use of short columns, higher carrier gas velocity and fast temperature programs in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography coupled to Time-of- Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC x GC/TOFMS) technique is expected to increase the speed of analysis up to several orders of magnitude when compared to conventional gas chromatography (GC) or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A systematic evaluation of the GC x GC/TOFMS configuration for high-speed applications has received little attention in the literature. The feasibility of High Speed Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (High speed GC x GC/MS) for complex mixtures has been investigated in this thesis. A particular focus was placed on comparing conventional scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry (qMS) with a newly available non-scanning time-of-flight instruments (TOFMS). Experiments were carried out using GC/qMS, GC x GC/qMS, GC/TOFMS and GC x GC/TOFMS both in normal (slow) and fast temperature rates coupled with high frequency modulation in GC x GC. Initially a complex mixture consists of 24 semivolatile compounds was used as the analyte for the above purpose. In the initial experiments parameters like acquisition rate and duty cycle for qMS were determined to evaluate the effectiveness of the instrument for fast analysis. The practical duty cycle value obtained for the qMS was only about 18 % for single ion and one compound at a dwell time of 10 ms in SIM mode. In both high-speed GC/qMS and high-speed GC x GC/qMS techniques only about 40 % of the components in the complex mixture were found to be well separated. The acquisition rate of scanning instruments like qMS is incompatible for fast eluting peaks in high speed GC. TOFMS that has an acquisition rate of several hundred spectra per second offer the potential to define the fast GC peaks accurately. The high quality spectra from TOFMS also enable deconvolution of coeluting peaks in the complex mixtures. The advantage of the automated spectral deconvolution is demonstrated for the identification of the coeluting peaks in the complex mixtures. Coelution of peaks is also observed with highspeed GC/TOFMS technique. The high-speed GC x GC/TOFMS was also tested with two different analyte system ??? A pesticide mixture and platformate (an aromatic mixture) to evaluate the suitability for high-speed analysis of complex mixtures. A poor resolution was observed for the pesticide mixture in the two-dimensional plane and it appeared, as there was nearly no orthogonal separation in the second dimension. The platformate mixture displayed a better two-dimensional separation. Chromatographic peak resolution is not really a primary requirement for locating and identifying the coeluting compounds in high-speed GC x GC/TOFMS technique. However, it was observed that the high-speed GC x GC/TOFMS too faced problem to unscramble the mass spectra of those compounds with similar structure and sharing the same unique masses.
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Boström, Tove. "High-throughput protein analysis using mass spectrometry-based methods." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Proteinteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154513.

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In the field of proteomics, proteins are analyzed and quantified in high numbers. Protein analysis is of great importance and can for example generate information regarding protein function and involvement in disease. Different strategies for protein analysis and quan- tification have emerged, suitable for different applications. The focus of this thesis lies on protein identification and quantification using different setups and method development has a central role in all included papers. The presented research can be divided into three parts. Part one describes the develop- ment of two different screening methods for His6-tagged recombinant protein fragments. In the first investigation, proteins were purified using immobilized metal ion affinity chro- matography in a 96-well plate format and in the second investigation this was downscaled to nanoliter-scale using the miniaturized sample preparation platform, integrated selective enrichment target (ISET). The aim of these investigations was to develop methods that could work as an initial screening step in high-throughput protein production projects, such as the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project, for more efficient protein production and purification. In the second part of the thesis, focus lies on quantitative proteomics. Protein fragments were produced with incorporated heavy isotope-labeled amino acids and used as internal standards in absolute protein quantification mass spectrometry experiments. The aim of this investigation was to compare the protein levels obtained using quanti- tative mass spectrometry to mRNA levels obtained by RNA sequencing. Expression of 32 different proteins was studied in six different cell lines and a clear correlation between protein and mRNA levels was observed when analyzing genes on an individual level. The third part of the thesis involves the antibodies generated within the HPA project. In the first investigation a method for validation of antibodies using protein immunoenrichment coupled to mass spectrometry was described. In a second study, a method was developed where antibodies were used to capture tryptic peptides from a digested cell lysate with spiked in heavy isotope-labeled protein fragments, enabling quantification of 20 proteins in a multiplex format. Taken together, the presented research has expanded the pro- teomics toolbox in terms of available methods for protein analysis and quantification in a high-throughput format.

QC 20141022

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Yamamoto, A. D. "High spin structures of transitional nuclei around mass 100." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2207/.

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Pokorny, Richard S. "A high proper motion search for low mass stars." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419966.

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Alvey, N. D. S. "Studies of the dusty environment of high-mass protostars." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365204.

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Gregory, Paul David. "Mass spectrometry and matrix isolation of high temperature molecules." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261012.

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Laycock, Silas. "Long term behaviour of high mass X ray binaries." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268630.

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Throwe, William (William Thomas). "High precision calculation of generic extreme mass ratio inspirals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61270.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).
Orbits around black holes evolve due to gravitational-wave emission, losing energy and angular momentum, and driving the orbiting body to slowly spiral into the black hole. Recent theoretical advances now make it possible to model the impact of this wave emission on generic (eccentric and inclined) black hole orbits, allowing us to push beyond the handful of constrained (circular or equatorial) cases that previous work considered. This thesis presents the first systematic study of how generic black hole orbits evolve due to gravitational-wave emission. In addition to extending the class of orbits which can be analyzed, we also introduce a new formalism for solving for the wave equation which describes radiative backreaction. This approach is based on a spectral decomposition of the radiation field originally introduced by Mano, Suzuki, and Takasugi (MST), and was then adapted for numerical analysis by Fujita and Tagoshi (FT). We find that the MST-FT formalism allows us to compute various quantities significantly more accurately than previous work, even in strong field regimes. We use this code to explore the location in orbital parameter space of the surface at which the evolution of orbital eccentricity changes sign from negative (orbits circularize) to positive (orbits become more eccentric).
by William Throwe.
S.B.
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Rainville, Simon 1974. "A two-ion balance for high precision mass spectrometry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16934.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-124).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
This thesis describes the demonstration of a new technique that allows masses to be compared with fractional uncertainty at or below 1 x 10-11, an order of magnitude improvement over our previous results. By confining two different ions in a Penning trap we can now simultaneously measure the ratio of their two cyclotron frequencies, making our mass comparisons insensitive to many sources of fluctuations (e.g. of the magnetic field). To minimize the systematic error associated with the Coulomb interaction between the two ions, we keep them about 1 mm apart from each other, on a common magnetron orbit. We have developed novel techniques to measure and control all three normal modes of motion of each ion, including the two strongly coupled magnetron modes. With the help of a new computer control system we have characterized the electric field anharmonicities and magnetic field inhomogeneities to an unprecedented level of precision. This allows us to optimize the trap so that our measurement of the cyclotron frequency ratio is to first order insensitive to the field imperfections. Using the ions 13C2H2+ and 14N2+, we performed many tests of our understanding of the ions dynamics and of the various sources of errors in this technique. From these we conclude that there should be no systematic error in our measurements at the level of 5 x 10-12. Thus we feel confident reporting a value for the mass ratio of these ions with an uncertainty of 10-11.
(cont.) In this thesis, we also report measurements of the two mass ratios m[33S+]/m[32SH+] and m[29Si+]/m[28SiH+] with a relative uncertainty of less than 10-1l, which makes them the best known mass ratios to date. These can be combined with precise measurements of high-energy gamma-rays to provide a direct test of the relation E = mc2. This is a test of special relativity which does not rely on the assumption of a preferred reference frame. The uncertainty on the atomic mass of 29Si is also reduced by about an order of magnitude.
by Simon Rainville.
Ph.D.
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36

MENG, ZHAOJING. "TOWARDS HIGH-THROUGHPUT ANALYSIS OF RNA USING MASS SPECTROMETRY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1098054876.

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37

Abdelrazig, Salah M. A. "Mass spectrometry for high-throughput metabolomics analysis of urine." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30600/.

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Direct electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (direct ESI-MS), by omitting the chromatographic step, has great potential for application as a high-throughput approach for untargeted urine metabolomics analysis compared to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The rapid development and technical innovations revealed in the field of ambient ionisation MS such as nanoelectrospray ionisation (nanoESI) chip-based infusion and liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (LESA-MS) suggest that they might be suitable for high-throughput metabolomics analysis. In this thesis, LC-MS and high-throughput direct ESI-MS methods using high resolution orbital trap mass spectrometer were developed and validated for untargeted metabolomics of human urine. Three different direct ESI-MS techniques were explored and compared with LC-MS: flow injection electrospray ionisation-MS (FIE-MS), chip-based infusion and LESA-MS of dried urine spots on a cell culture slide. A high-throughput sample preparation protocol was optimised using in-house artificial urine. Urine samples after consumption of green tea and healthy controls were used as a model to explore the performance and classification ability of the direct ESI-MS. High-throughput data pre-processing and multivariate analysis protocols were established for each method. The developed methods were finally applied for the analysis of clinical urine samples for biomarker discovery and to investigate the metabolic changes in osteoarthritis and malaria. Also, the methods were applied to study the effect of oligofructose diet on the gut microbial community of healthy subjects. The analytical performance of the methods for urine metabolomics was validated using quality control (QC) and principal component analysis (PCA) approaches. Rigorous validation including cross-validation, permutation test, prediction models and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was performed across the generated datasets using the developed methods. Analysis of green tea urine samples generated 4128, 748, 1064 and 1035 ions from LC-MS, FIE-MS, chip-based infusion and LESA-MS analysis, respectively. A selected set of known green tea metabolites in urine were used to evaluate each method for detection sensitivity. 15 metabolites were found with LC-MS compared to 8, 5 and 6 with FIE-MS, chip-based infusion and LESA, respectively. The developed methods successfully differentiated between the metabolic profiles of osteoarthritis active patients and healthy controls (Q2 0.465 (LC-MS), 0.562 (FIE-MS), 0.472 (chip-based infusion) and 0.493 (LESA-MS)). The altered level of metabolites detected in osteoarthritis patients showed a perturbed activity in TCA cycle, pyruvate metabolism, -oxidation pathway, amino acids and glycerophospholipids metabolism, which may provide evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, collagen destruction and use of lipolysis as an alternative energy source in the cartilage cells of osteoarthritis patients. FIE-MS, chip-based infusion and LESA-MS increased the analysis throughput and yet they were able to provide 33%, 44% and 44%, respectively, of the LC-MS information, indicating their great potential for diagnostic application in osteoarthritis. Malaria samples datasets generated 9,744 and 576 ions from LC-MS and FIE-MS, respectively. Supervised multivariate analysis using OPLS-DA showed clear separation and clustering of malaria patients from controls in both LC-MS and FIE-MS methods. Cross-validation R2Y and Q2 values obtained by FIE-MS were 0.810 and 0.538, respectively, which are comparable to the values of 0.993 and 0.583 achieved by LC-MS. The sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 77% for LC-MS and FIE-MS, respectively, indicating valid, reliable and comparable results of both methods. With regards to biomarker discovery, altered level of 30 and 17 metabolites were found by LC-MS and FIE-MS, respectively, in the urine of malaria patients compared to healthy controls. Among these metabolites, pipecolic acid, taurine, 1,3-diacetylpropane, N-acetylspermidine and N-acetylputrescine may have the potential of being used as biomarkers of malaria. LC-MS and FIE-MS were able to separate urine samples of healthy subjects on oligofructose diet from controls (specificity/sensitivity 80%/88% (LC-MS) and 71%/64% (FIE-MS)). An altered level of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), fatty acids and amino acids were observed in urine as a result of oligofructose intake, suggesting an increased population of the health-promoting Bifidobacterium and a decreased Lactobacillus and Enterococcus genera in the colon. In conclusion, the developed direct ESI-MS methods demonstrated the ability to differentiate between inherent types of urine samples in disease and health state. Therefore they are recommended to be used as fast diagnostic tools for clinical urine samples. The developed LC-MS method is necessary when comprehensive biomarker screening is required.
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38

Zalitis, Christopher Mark. "Fuel cell studies under ultra high mass transport conditions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17779.

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In a polymer electrolyte fuel cell a catalyst layer is built typically of platinum nano-particles supported on a high surface area carbon support and resides between a solid-state electrolyte membrane and a highly porous gas diffusion layer. One performance test for a catalyst layer uses a rotating disk electrode (RDE), with a liquid electrolyte. The liquid electrolyte conditions are very different from solid-state, due to mobile anions. Also, reactions become mass transport limited quickly due to the relatively low concentration and diffusion of reactant gas in the liquid; therefore, extending the results from the RDE to a catalyst in a fuel cell is less than ideal. A novel approach has been developed to study catalyst layers in realistic fuel cell conditions but carries the simplicity of the RDE. This used a three-electrode half-cell with a wall jet configuration, to blow humidified gas directly onto the back of the working electrode, allowing direct transport of the reactant gas to the electrode. The catalyst layer was pressed onto a polymer electrolyte, and a three-electrode electrochemical cell was completed using an iridium oxide reference electrode sandwiched within the polymer electrolyte between the working electrode and a coarse gold mesh counter electrode. In the presence of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen it also gave a stable potential (< 3 mV h-1 drift), although this potential changed with respect to the gases. An ultra-thin and ultra-low loading catalyst layer was optimised for studying the oxygen reduction reaction. This involved vacuum filtration of a catalyst ink onto a porous substrate, forming layers which were uniform and as thin as 1 μm, with a platinum loading as low as 5 μgPt cm-2. The catalyst was supported on a gold sputtered polycarbonate membrane with Teflon AF coated pores, to act as an ultra-thin gas diffusion layer and low resistance current collector. These ultra low loading catalyst layers supported on a porous substrate were first tested in contact with an aqueous electrolyte, achieving a current density of 165 mA cm-2Spec or 680 mA cm-2Geo at 0.3 V vs. RHE. Above 0.6 V vs. RHE (fuel cell relevant potentials), a clear curve was visible. Below this, the curve straightened, showing the beginnings of mass transport and resistive losses. Upon transferring the electrode to the solid state electrochemical cell, a current density of only 12 mA cm-2Spec was attained. This 10 fold drop in performance was believed to be because of poor bonding of the PFSI membrane across the reference electrode leading to non-uniform current distribution across the working electrode.
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39

Kang, Pilsoo. "Quantitative glycomic analysis at high sensitivity through mass spectrometry." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3344765.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Chemistry, 2009.
Title from home page (viewed Oct. 8, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: B, page: 0987. Adviser: Milos V. Novotny.
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40

Reynolds, Alastair P. "A spectroscopic study of high mass X-ray binaries." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14509.

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Observations of four massive x-ray binary stars are presented, based on data accumulated between February 1989 and August 1991. Using modern techniques of spectroscopic data analysis, velocity curves are derived for three of these systems. Two of these curves (SMC X-1, QV Nor) yield very precise mass estimates for the component stars, while the third (Cen X-3) offers a constraint on the possible masses. The fourth system (X Per) is not shown to exhibit periodic variations, despite an extensive study conducted over more than two years. For the two systems that yielded precise masses, the component neutron stars are shown to lie within the theoretical mass range based on theories of their formation via the supernova explosion of a helium star in a close binary system. This is a marked improvement on previous studies where both stars had estimated masses which lay well outside of the expected range. The derivation of these masses incorporates the use of non-Keplerian velocity corrections, arising from the non-spherical, asymmetrically illuminated primary stars. A study of the line profiles showed that the temperatures around both primary stars were consistent with the parameters in these calculations. For the third system, the inaccuracy of the published ephemeris resulted in a lack of observations at the times of maximum and minimum velocity. The semi-amplitude is thus not well constrained, but it is shown that the observations are consistent with the assumption of a normal mass neutron star secondary. The system is shown to have undergone a gradual decrease in its orbital period which follows a parabolic trend, suggesting substantial mass-transfer. For the fourth system, a periodicity analysis of 130 spectroscopic velocity measurements of a Be star, via Fouriergram and string-length techniques, failed to highlight any strong periodicity. The scatter in the data appears larger than would be expected for a non-variable B star. The absence of periodic velocity variations at the expected period is discussed in terms of the binarity (or otherwise) of the Be star. A transition from Be to shell-star or ordinary B star phase occurred during the study, which is not evident from the spectral variations observed in the blue.
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41

Giménez, García Ángel. "High-mass X-ray Binaries: X-raying the winds." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/53713.

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42

Pardo, Vega Javier. "Higgs mass and QCD axion properties at high precision." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4902.

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This thesis is dedicated to study the physical properties at high precision of two scalars of well-motivated beyond the standard model theories: the Higgs boson in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and the axion of the Peccei-Quinn mechanism. The discussion is divided in two parts. We make use of the advantages of the effective field theory framework. In the first part, we consider the state-of-the-art of the effective field theory computation of the MSSM Higgs mass, improving the existing ones by including extra threshold corrections. We perform a detailed estimate of the theoretical uncertainty. We study the large tangent beta region and we put emphasis on the allowed parameter space reproducing the experimental value of the Higgs mass. We present SusyHD, a fast computer code that computes the Higgs mass and its uncertainty for any supersymmetry (SUSY) scale, from the TeV to the Planck scale, even in Split SUSY, both in the DRbar and in the on-shell (OS) schemes. Finally, we apply our results to derive bounds on some well motivated SUSY models, in particular we show how the value of the Higgs mass allows to determine the complete spectrum in minimal gauge mediation. In the second part, we discuss how to extract several properties of the axion of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) with great accuracy using only first principle QCD computations. We obtained the axion potential, the mass and the coupling to photons by combining next to leading order (NLO) calculations in chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) with recent Lattice QCD results. Axion-nucleon interactions are also derived reliably. The method we have followed allows to further improve the precision as uncertainties on the light quark masses and the effective field theory couplings are reduced. We have also studied the finite temperature dependence of the axion potential and its mass, in connection with its role in determining the axion relic abundance.
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43

Wood, Troy Dale. "Laser desorption Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (LD/FT/ICR) mass spectrometry for high mass ions /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148784730905092.

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44

Sun, Xiaobo. "Forensic Applications of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography--Mass Spectrometry and Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Chemometric Analysis." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1329517616.

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45

Raptakis, Emmanuel N. "High resolution, high sensitivity tandem mass spectrometry of macromolecules using time-of-flight techniques." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/110843/.

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The first of the three parts of this study involves the construction of a large scale time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A large aluminium-alloy vacuum chamber was designed and manufactured. Ion trajectory modelling was carried out for defining the optimum ion optical configuration of the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) ion source that was designed and constructed. A floating ion detector assembly was designed and installed. MALDI mass spectrometry experiments were performed with biomolecules and polymer samples. The second part of this work involves the design and construction of a MALDI ion source in the collision cell area of a four-sector tandem mass spectrometer. The apparatus makes use of an array detector installed as the detector of the second double-focusing mass analyser of this instrument. High resolution and sensitivity mass spectra of high mass biomolecules and polymer samples were acquired. Resolution in excess of 3500 full-width at half maximum (FWHM) has been observed. The third part of this work describes the theoretical considerations, the design the construction and the performance of a prototype magnetic sector/time-of- flight tandem mass spectrometer with an ideal time-focusing ion mirror as the second mass analyser (Mag-TOF). The method followed in order to overcome the inherent incompatibilities of the two mass-analysis stages is discussed. The theoretical description of the ideal time-focusing reflectron is presented, together with analysis of the time-aberrations of the delivery ion optics and the TOF part of the instrument, and their influence to resolution and sensitivity. Initial experiments have been performed to prove the feasibility of the operational principle of this prototype instrument. High resolution (approximately 3000, FWHM) tandem mass spectra of peptides are presented. The instrument also achieved high levels of sensitivity.
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46

Williams, Simon Shaughan. "A cylindrical mirror analyser for neutrino mass measurement." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253133.

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47

Dereich, Steffen. "High resolution coding of stochastic processes and small ball probabilities." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968920284.

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48

Müller, Thomas. "Investigation of the High Mass Drell Yan Spectrum with ATLAS." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-120740.

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49

Arendt, Anthony Alan. "Approaches to modelling the mass balance of High Arctic glaciers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22565.pdf.

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50

Brunner, Jürgen, Thomas Bronisch, Hildegard Pfister, Frank Jacobi, Michael Höfler, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "High Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Body-Mass Index in Suicide Attempters." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-118362.

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Low cholesterol concentrations and cholesterol-lowering therapies have been suggested to be associated with increased suicidality. This article examined the association of cholesterol, triglycerides, and body-mass index (BMI) with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Findings are based on a nationally representative community sample of n = 4,181 subjects (18–65 years) examined with a standardized diagnostic interview (CIDI) for (DSM-IV) mental disorders. Controlling for age and gender the study revealed a moderate positive association between cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, and suicide attempts in subjects with depressive symptoms during the past 12 months (n = 1,205). The results of this study are compatible with two recent epidemiological cohort studies showing a positive association between cholesterol and completed suicide.
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