Journal articles on the topic 'High level migration'
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Martin, Philip, Susan Martin, and Sarah Cross. "High-level Dialogue on Migration and Development." International Migration 45, no. 1 (March 2007): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2007.00394.x.
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Kunwar, Laxman Singh. "International Migration Level and Trends." Patan Pragya 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v7i1.35109.
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International migration is an issue growing concern at global, regional and national level because its volume has been increasing at all level. Among the four migration corridors (North-North, North-South, South-North and South-South) of international migration South-South migration(developing countries –developing countries) occupies largest and North- South (developing countries -developed Countries) second largest share of international migration. The objective of this study is to introduce the situation of international migration at global, regional and national level by using secondary sources of information. The volume of refugees in relation with volume of international migration also has been increasing. Similarly the volume of emigrants have increased in those countries or regions with having very low, low and middle level human development index. Whereas the volume of more immigrants was observed in countries or regions of high and very high human development index. In the context of Nepal, international migration (absentee population data in censuses) has been gradually increasing but up to 2001 censuses major destination was India but on the basis of 2011 census destination of Nepalese migrants have been shifted to Middle East and ASEAN countries but India still remains as a major destination. The lack of uniform data regarding to international migration has been a problem to analyze migration level and trends properly.
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Shymanska, Kateryna, Mykola Kurylo, Oleksandra Karmaza, and Gennady Timchenko. "Determinants of migration motives as a precondition for the migration flows formation." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 3 (December 6, 2017): 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(3-2).2017.05.
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The processes of international migration in recent years concern a large number of people due to many military conflicts intensification, borders liberalization, internationalization of education, etc. Migration motives are believed to consist of economic, socio-demographic, political and security, language-cultural and ecological and natural determinants. Reviewing migration motives and migration flows dependence on the respective determinants for Ukraine provided an opportunity to form a set of parameters to study empirically migration motivation for leaving abroad. The article researches and generalizes the questionnaire results on migration motivation of individuals. The general results of respondents’ views on their potential migration format are highlighted. The respondents’ individual assessment of the reasoned determinants in relation to their influence on the motivating people to migrate abroad is analyzed. To confirm the results, the indicators of the individual determinants importance are presented. It is determined that the prevailing determinants of migration belong to the group of economic and political-security ones, in particular, low wages, high level of corruption in the country, high unemployment, corrupt and ineffective judicial protection system, state participation in armed conflicts and post-conflict state of the country, high level of inflation, high level of labor income taxation, the complexity of opening and closing a business.
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Liu, Xialin, Junsheng Wu, Gang Sha, and Shuqin Liu. "Virtual Machine Consolidation with Minimization of Migration Thrashing for Cloud Data Centers." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 3, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7848232.
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Cloud data centers consume huge amount of electrical energy bringing about in high operating costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Virtual machine (VM) consolidation utilizes live migration of virtual machines (VMs) to transfer a VM among physical servers in order to improve the utilization of resources and energy efficiency in cloud data centers. Most of the current VM consolidation approaches tend to aggressive-migrate for some types of applications such as large capacity application such as speech recognition, image processing, and decision support systems. These approaches generate a high migration thrashing because VMs are consolidated to servers according to VM’s instant resource usage without considering their overall and long-term utilization. The proposed approach, dynamic consolidation with minimization of migration thrashing (DCMMT) which prioritizes VM with high capacity, significantly reduces migration thrashing and the number of migrations to ensure service-level agreement (SLA) since it keeps VMs likely to suffer from migration thrashing in the same physical servers instead of migrating. We have performed experiments using real workload traces compared to existing aggressive-migration-based solutions; through simulations, we show that our approach improves migration thrashing metric by about 28%, number of migrations metric by about 21%, and SLAV metric by about 19%.
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Høgåsen, Helga Rachel, and Patrick Prunet. "Plasma levels of thyroxine, prolactin, and cortisol in migrating and resident wild arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 2947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-233.
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The study was performed on 14-49 cm wild arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus. Plasma thyroxine concentration was twice as high in upstream and downstream migrants (3.8 and 4.0 ng/mL, respectively) as in non-migrants (1.7 ng/mL), supporting the prevailing view that thyroid hormones are stimulatory to both upstream and downstream migration in wild anadromous salmonids. The stimulation of downstream migration by thyroid hormones is suggested to depend on the low feeding state of wild smolts. Plasma prolactin concentration was lower in downstream migrants (10.3 ng/mL) than in non-migrants sampled during the period of downstream migration (16.2 ng/mL), suggesting a possible role for this hormone in repressing seaward migration. Plasma cortisol level was twice as high in upstream migrants (464 ng/mL) as in downstream migrants (244 ng/mL) trapped in a standardized manner. Higher interrenal capacity or responsiveness in upstream migrants may increase their ability to mobilize energy stores. In upstream-migrating females, plasma prolactin concentration was positively correlated with the gonadosomatic index, suggesting a role for prolactin in early sexual maturation. Body length, which was correlated with numbers of migrations, was found to be related only to plasma thyroxine concentration in downstream migrants.
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Justinavicius, D., and P. Poskas. "Temperature and tortuosity effect on gas migration in a high-level waste disposal tunnel." Mineralogical Magazine 79, no. 6 (November 2015): 1317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2015.079.6.07.
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AbstractCorrosion of steel canisters, disposed of in a repository for high-level waste (HLW), leads to generation of hydrogen gas for a long period after the repository's closure. The accumulation of hydrogen gas may lead to significant desaturation and unacceptable build-up of pressure in the backfilled disposal tunnels if the gas cannot escape through the low-permeability host rock. Consequently, the investigation of gas migration is of high relevance in the assessment of the repository's performance.In this paper, the results of numerical investigations on gas migration performed using the computer code TOUGH2 (USA) are presented. The objective was to investigate migration of gas generated in a single disposal tunnel of a conceptual geological repository in a clay formation, which was suggested for benchmark studies in the European Commission project FORGE (Fate Of Repository GasEs). The analysis was focused on evaluation of the impact of an initial temperature in the repository and of different tortuosity models on gas migration. It was revealed that gas migration results were dependent on tortuosity model, while temperature variation in the repository had minor impact.
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Warin, Thierry, and Pavel Svaton. "European Migration: Welfare Migration or Economic Migration?" Global Economy Journal 8, no. 3 (July 29, 2008): 1850140. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1360.
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This paper presents an empirical assessment of bilateral migration flows into the EU-15 countries. Using an extended gravity model, it identifies economic, welfare state, geospatial and linguistic variables as the principal determinants of migration flows into the EU-15 countries. As long as its effect is not offset by a high unemployment rate in the host country, the level of social protection expenditure influences migrants' choice of destination. However, albeit acting as a joint force with other economic, cultural and geospatial variables, the welfare state characteristics of the host country need to be reckoned with when studying European migration flows. Our empirical findings lend some support for a more unified or at least better coordinated social policy across the European Union.
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Shimo, Salima Sultana, and Md Zulhash Uddin. "Energy Level and Chemical Class of Disperse Dyes—Plausible Characteristics of Level Dyeing Performance." AATCC Journal of Research 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.4.3.
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The level dyeing index (LDI) is a measure of dye performance influenced by the dye migration process, ensuring the maximum uniformity of dye redistribution onto the fabric surface. The current study evaluates the level dyeing performance on polyester according to the energy level (low and high) and chemical classes (azo and anthraquinone based) of the three disperse dyes studied. The best levelness was obtained using C.I. Disperse Red 73 (an azo-based, low-energy level disperse dye), which exhibited the highest migration index (MI%) value. LDI results were obtained from the ratio of the exhaustion at the critical dyeing temperature (ECDT% and the final exhaustion Ef%), and the migration index (MI%). Each dye's LDI can be used to determine the compatibility of disperse dyes for combination dyeing.
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Omand, Melissa M., Deborah K. Steinberg, and Karen Stamieszkin. "Cloud shadows drive vertical migrations of deep-dwelling marine life." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 32 (August 4, 2021): e2022977118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022977118.
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Many zooplankton and fishes vertically migrate on a diel cycle to avoid predation, moving from their daytime residence in darker, deep waters to prey-rich surface waters to feed at dusk and returning to depth before dawn. Vertical migrations also occur in response to other processes that modify local light intensity, such as storms, eclipses, and full moons. We observed rapid, high-frequency migrations, spanning up to 60 m, of a diel vertically migrating acoustic scattering layer with a daytime depth of 300 m in the subpolar Northeastern Pacific Ocean. The depth of the layer was significantly correlated, with an ∼5-min lag, to cloud-driven variability in surface photosynthetically available radiation. A model of isolume-following swimming behavior reproduces the observed layer depth and suggests that the high-frequency migration is a phototactic response to absolute light level. Overall, the cumulative distance traveled per day in response to clouds was at least 36% of the round-trip diel migration distance. This previously undescribed phenomenon has implications for the metabolic requirements of migrating animals while at depth and highlights the powerful evolutionary adaptation for visual predator avoidance.
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Furuya, Kenichi. "High-Level Manpower Movement and Japan's Foreign Aid." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100309.
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High-level manpower migration associated with Japan's foreign aid program as well as private overseas investments confirms Japan's steady progress towards internationalization. Although the human resources component of Japan's international aid is disproportionately small because of its shorter history in development aid and scarcity of experts, Japan's ODA relative to GNP is high. Japan's technical assistance programs to Asian countries are summarized. Movements of high-level manpower accompanying direct foreign investments by private enterprise are also reviewed. Proposals for increased human resources development include education and training of foreigners in Japan as well as the training of Japanese aid experts and the development of networks for information exchange.
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Hyejin, Lee, Hong Jong Ha, and S. M. Slepchenko. "Paleogenetic Studies of Migration Processes in Eurasia." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 50, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2022.50.2.150-156.
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Migration processes played a key role in shaping the cultural and genetic landscapes in Eurasia. Significant progress in the field of migration studies in recent years is associated with the development of methods for studying ancient DNA, making it possible to reach a new level of understanding the population-genetic aspects of ancient migrations and significantly supplementing the evidence of paleoanthropology and genetics of modern populations, but not replacing these areas. A key challenge is the correct comparison of processes accompanying migrations at the population genetic level and at the level of material culture. The article highlights current methods used in studying ancient DNA, from the traditional analysis of individual genetic markers to the genome-wide analysis by high-throughput sequencing. Approaches to the study of ancient migrations and to the objective reconstruction of the genetic profile of populations and its dynamics in time and space are assessed. Special attention is paid to the problem of representative sampling in the study of migration processes using paleogenetic methods, and possible strategies for selecting the materials most adequate to the tasks of the study. Ways of enhancing the efficiency of the diachronic approach in reconstructing the genetic history of populations are discussed. Possible prospects of paleogenetic studies are evaluated, including the transition to more detailed reconstructions of local migration processes.
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Pilipenko, A. S., R. O. Trapezov, and S. V. Cherdantsev. "Paleogenetic Studies of Migration Processes in Eurasia." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 50, no. 2 (July 3, 2022): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2022.50.2.140-149.
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Migration processes played a key role in shaping the cultural and genetic landscapes in Eurasia. Significant progress in the field of migration studies in recent years is associated with the development of methods for studying ancient DNA, making it possible to reach a new level of understanding the population-genetic aspects of ancient migrations and significantly supplementing the evidence of paleoanthropology and genetics of modern populations, but not replacing these areas. A key challenge is the correct comparison of processes accompanying migrations at the population genetic level and at the level of material culture. The article highlights current methods used in studying ancient DNA, from the traditional analysis of individual genetic markers to the genome-wide analysis by high-throughput sequencing. Approaches to the study of ancient migrations and to the objective reconstruction of the genetic profile of populations and its dynamics in time and space are assessed. Special attention is paid to the problem of representative sampling in the study of migration processes using paleogenetic methods, and possible strategies for selecting the materials most adequate to the tasks of the study. Ways of enhancing the efficiency of the diachronic approach in reconstructing the genetic history of populations are discussed. Possible prospects of paleogenetic studies are evaluated, including the transition to more detailed reconstructions of local migration processes.
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Akar, Atanur, Demet Dağ Akpolat, and Mehmet Miman. "Trait Anxiety Level Analysis of High School Students with Migration in Mersin." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 113 (February 2014): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.021.
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WEN, MING, and KELIN LI. "PARENTAL AND SIBLING MIGRATION AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG RURAL CHILDREN IN CHINA." Journal of Biosocial Science 48, no. 1 (April 8, 2015): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193201500005x.
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SummaryThis study examines the associations between parental and sibling rural-to-urban migration and blood pressure (BP) of rural left-behind children (LBC) in rural China. Analysis was based on the 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2009 waves of longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, which is an ongoing prospective survey covering nine provinces with an individual-level response rate of 88%. Blood pressure levels were measured by trained examiners at three consecutive times on the same visit and the means of three measurements were used as the final BP values. An ordinal BP measure was then created using a recently validated age–sex-specified distribution for Chinese children and adolescents, distinguishing normal BP, pre-hypertension and hypertension. Random effect modelling was performed. Different migration circumstances play different roles in LBC's BP with mother-only and both-parent migration being particularly detrimental and father-only and sibling-only migration either having no association or a negative association with LBC's BP levels or odds of high BP. In conclusion, the link between family migration and left-behind children's blood pressure is complex, and depends on who is the person out-migrating.
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Xue, Wen-long, Rui-qin Chen, Qing-qing Zhang, Xing-hui Li, Lei Cao, Meng-yao Li, Ye Li, et al. "Hydrogen sulfide rescues high glucose-induced migration dysfunction in HUVECs by upregulating miR-126-3p." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 318, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): C857—C869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00406.2019.
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Diabetes (especially Type II) is one of the primary threats to cardiovascular health. Wound healing defects and vascular dysfunction are common in diabetic patients, and the primary cause of deterioration is sustained high plasma glucose. microRNA, a noncoding RNA, has regulatory functions that are critical to maintaining homeostasis. MicroRNA (miR)-126-3p is a potential diabetes biomarker and a proangiogenic factor, and its plasma level decreases in diabetic patients. Previous studies have revealed the proangiogenic character of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S). However, little is known about the relationship between H2S and miR-126-3p when the extracellular glucose level is high, let alone their influences on deteriorated endothelial cell migration, a key component of angiogenesis, which is crucial for wound healing. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with high glucose (33.3 mmol/L) or normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L) for 48 h. Affymetrix miRNA profiling and real-time PCR were used to validate the miRNA expression. An H2S probe (HSip-1) was used to detect endogenous H2S. Scratch wound-healing assays were used to evaluate HUVEC migration. The protein levels were quantified by Western blot. Both exogenous and endogenous H2S could upregulate the miR-126-3p levels in HUVECs or muscle tissue. High glucose decreased the H2S level and the protein expression of the H2S-producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) in HUVECs; however, the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) protein level was upregulated. CSE overexpression not only increased the miR-126-3p level by decreasing the DNMT1 protein level but also rescued the deteriorated cell migration in HUVECs treated with high glucose. DNMT1 overexpression decreased the miR-126-3p level and inhibited the migration of HUVECs, whereas silencing DNMT1 improved cell migration. High glucose decreased the endogenous H2S and miR-126-3p levels and increased the DNMT1 expression, thus inducing the migration dysfunction of HUVECs. Treatment with exogenous H2S or the overexpression of the endogenously produced enzyme CSE would rescue this migration dysfunction through H2S-DNMT1-miR-126-3p.
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Shang, Yizi, Ling Shang, Chuanchang Gao, Guiming Lu, Yuntao Ye, and Dongdong Jia. "Using the High-Level Based Program Interface to Facilitate the Large Scale Scientific Computing." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/914514.
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This paper is to make further research on facilitating the large-scale scientific computing on the grid and the desktop grid platform. The related issues include the programming method, the overhead of the high-level program interface based middleware, and the data anticipate migration. The block based Gauss Jordan algorithm as a real example of large-scale scientific computing is used to evaluate those issues presented above. The results show that the high-level based program interface makes the complex scientific applications on large-scale scientific platform easier, though a little overhead is unavoidable. Also, the data anticipation migration mechanism can improve the efficiency of the platform which needs to process big data based scientific applications.
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Morse, Katherine L., and Mikel D. Petty. "High Level Architecture Data Distribution Management migration from DoD 1.3 to IEEE 1516." Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 16, no. 15 (2004): 1527–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpe.875.
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Erkan, Hakan Sezgin. "Transformation of Migration Rules from Local to Global." BORDER CROSSING 8, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v8i2si.657.
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In the 21st century, the scope and the size of migration are more different than previous centuries. The reason behind this is that there are no more global wars or conflicts between states and the economic developments reached the highest levels for some of the countries. Moreover, states try to increase their industrial level. Hence, the conflicts and the economic development level shape migration routes and the destination country. In this context, I will utilize geopolitics and economic development levels to classify countries. As a result of the end of global conflicts and global war, economic conditions became main determinant for migrations in the globalized world in the 21st century. In the 20th century, the scope of migration was small compared to 21st century because of various reasons. Standardized education and high level industrialization are of two main reasons. In the 21st century, the industrialization hit the top level of the world history and education took standardized structure among particular countries. In this research, all countries will be examined in detail with respect to UN Data. Furthermore, the following questions are targeted to be answered: Does migration flow from less developed countries to developed countries? Do developed countries accommodate more immigrants in their borders?
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Abdel-karim, Amany Hassan. "Determinants of illegal migration from North Africa to Southern Europe." Migration Letters 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v13i3.296.
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This study focuses on determining the effects of demographic, socioeconomic and migration network factors on illegal migration from North Africa to Southern Europe using logistic regression model. The results indicated that migrants who thought it is easier to find a job in destination countries, had job before migration, had high level of financial situation before migration and had high level of education were more likely to migrate legally. However, migrants who had children before migration and migrated with others were more likely to migrate illegally. These findings can be useful for migration legislations in both sending and receiving countries.
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Baroudi, Abdulkader, and Amir Karton. "Deciphering the exceptional selectivity of semipinacol rearrangements in cis-fused β-lactam diols using high-level quantum chemical methods." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 6 (2019): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qo01092g.
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The semipinacol rearrangement mechanism in cis-fused β-lactam diols has been found to kinetically and thermodynamically favor acyl migration. The semipinacol rearrangement was also investigated for trans-fused β-lactam diol, in which the reversed selectivity that favors the alkyl migration was observed.
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Fuchs, Philip X., Mojca Doupona, Kinga Varga, Marta Bon, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco, Loriana Castellani, et al. "Multi-national perceptions on challenges, opportunities, and support structures for Dual Career migrations in European student-athletes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 25, 2021): e0253333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253333.
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Despite Dual Careers (sports and education) and mobility of students being priorities in the funding policies of the European Commission, migrating student-athletes report severe challenges and decreased performance or dropouts at sport and academic levels. The objective of this study was to depict and assess the perceptions on challenges, support services, and their effectiveness in consideration of specific characteristics of participants and migrations. Based on a meta-synthesis and previous findings, a 50-items questionnaire was developed and completed by 245 student-athletes in 5 European countries. Participants with Dual Careers migration experience (n = 140) were considered for analyses of qualitative and quantitative (ordinal 5pt-Likert-scaled and metric) data on the Dual Career status, migration characteristics, received services, and outcomes. Chi-square-tests were conducted for differences between countries and genders at a significance level of p < .05. Country-related differences were found for experiences and intentions to migrate (X2(12) = 50.52, p<0.001), duration of the migration (X2(16) = 38.20, p = 0.001), financial support (X2(8) = 29.87, p<0.001), and decreased performances in academics (X2(16) = 56.12, p<0.001) and sports (X2(16) = 31.79, p = 0.01). Gender-related difference emerged in financial support (X2(4) = 10.68, p = 0.03), duration of the migration (X2(4) = 14.56, p = 0.01), and decreased academic performance (X2(4) = 10.57, p = 0.03). Tutoring and counselling support was ranked as the most effective support, especially when received from the academic field (4.0±1.0 pt) and others (4.1±0.8 pt), followed by online services from sport and academic sectors (both: 3.9±0.9 pt). Considering the pervasive globalization of sport and education, Dual Career migration can contribute to the development of a European sport culture. The high ratio of migrating student-athletes underlines the relevance of migrations in the field of Dual Careers. This study contributes to the literature by adding insights on practices, challenges, supports, and outcomes perceived by student-athletes migrating in Europe. Moreover, country- and gender-related differences support the consideration of specific characteristics and reveal critical factors in specific target groups. The findings contribute to identifying requirements and effective support measures in Dual Career migrations and can be used to improve support services.
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Hlaváček, Antonín, Radek K. Lučan, and Jiří Hadrava. "Autumnal migration patterns of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae): interannual variability in timing and sex ratio." PeerJ 10 (December 9, 2022): e14393. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14393.
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Background The migration of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) is a well-known phenomenon, with growing interest due to the ecosystem services provided by migrants. However, we still lack fundamental data on species composition, timing of migration, or sex ratio of migrants. To address this gap, we focused on the southward autumnal migration of hoverflies through central Europe. Methods To recognize migrating individuals from resident ones, we used a pair of one-side-blocked Malaise traps, exposed in a mountain pass in the Jeseníky mountains, Czech Republic, where a mass migration of hoverflies takes place annually. Traps were set for 4 years, from August to October. Results In total, we recorded 31 species of migrating hoverflies. The timing of migration differed between the years, taking place from the beginning of September to the end of October. Differences in phenology were observed in the four most common migrant species, where larger species seemed to migrate earlier or at the same time compared to the smaller ones. The sex ratio was strongly asymmetrical in most common species Episyrphus balteatus, Eupeodes corollae, and Sphaerophoria scripta, and varied between years for each species. Weather conditions strongly influenced the migration intensity at ground-level: hoverflies migrate mainly during days with south wind, high temperature, high atmospheric pressure, and low precipitation.
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Shazia, Shazia, and Jabir Hasan Khan. "Socio-economic correlates of internal migration in India." National Geographical Journal of India 67, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.48008/ngji.1770.
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The present paper is an attempt to analyse the spatial patterns of migration, variations in the level of socio-economic development and the relationship between total migration (dependent variable) and selected variables of development (independent variables) among the states of India. The entire research work is based on secondary sources of data, collected from Census of India publications (2011), Migration Table – D Series, Handbook of Statistics of Indian States, Primary Census Abstract of India and Basic Road Statistics of India. The boundary of a state has been taken as the smallest unit of the study. The present study reveals that, from the southern part of the country, the level of migration changes rapidly from high to low grade towards the north. On the other hand, the states lying in the western and eastern part experienced medium to high level of migration in comparison to the north-eastern states having a low level of migration in India. The level of development is high or medium in northern, western and southern states in comparison to the states, lying in the eastern and north-eastern parts of the country.
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Chen, Ted Hsuan Yun, and Boyoon Lee. "Income-based inequality in post-disaster migration is lower in high resilience areas: evidence from U.S. internal migration." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 034043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5692.
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Abstract Residential relocation following environmental disasters is an increasingly necessary climate change adaptation measure. However, relocation is among the costliest individual-level adaptation measures, meaning that it may be cost prohibitive for disadvantaged groups. As climate change continues to worsen, it is important to better understand how existing socioeconomic inequalities affect climate migration and how they may be offset. In this study we use network regression models to look at how internal migration patterns in the United States vary by disaster-related property damage, household income, and local-level disaster resilience. Our results show that post-disaster migration patterns vary considerably by the income level of sending and receiving counties, which suggests that income-based inequality impacts both individuals’ access to relocation and the ability of disaster-afflicted areas to rebuild. We further find evidence that income-based inequality in post-disaster outmigration is attenuated in areas with higher disaster resilience, not due to increased relocation out of poorer areas but instead because there is decreased relocation from richer ones. This finding suggests that, as climate adaptation measures, relocation and resilience-building are substitutes, with the implication that resilience incentivizes in situ adaptation, which can be a long term drain on individual wellbeing and climate adaptation resources.
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Аkhmetova (Khilazheva), Guldar. "Russian Regions in Interregional Labor Migration: Level of Participation, Causes and Factors." DEMIS. Demographic Research 2, no. 2 (June 10, 2022): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.6.
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The article analyzes statistical and sociological data on the level of participation of the subjects of the Russian Federation in interregional labor migration, its causes and factors. In the first part of the article, based on data from the Rosstat labor force survey for more than a decade (from 2011 to 2021), regional features are identified. It is shown that not all regions fit into the all-Russian trend, which is characterized by progressive growth until 2018 (with the exception of 2014); a decline in 2019, 2020 and a certain growth in 2021, which did not reach the level of 2018. The dynamics of the indicators of the last two years have been strongly influenced by the situation with the coronavirus pandemic. At the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the participation of the employed population in interregional labor migration is unstable and differentiated. In most regions, approximately every two to four years, periods of growth in the number of temporary labor migrants are replaced by their decline. About a third of the regions have high (more than 10%) and average (from 5 to 10%) levels of participation of the employed population in interregional labor migration. From these regions, the majority of all temporary labor migrants – about 70% - leave for other subjects of the Russian Federation. In the second part of the article, the author analyzes the data of sociological studies conducted in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2018, 2019. Bashkortostan belongs to the regions with a relatively stable upward dynamics of population participation in interregional labor migration and leads (after the Moscow and Leningrad regions) in the absolute number of interregional labor migrants. According to sociological data, the highest level of participation in temporary labor migration of rural residents. Based on the methodology proposed by L.L. The author identifies the factors and causes of interregional labor migration. The first include the state of the labor market, employment; income level; the level and quality of life of the population; the second – lack of jobs, low wages, limited opportunities to meet the needs in the field of social development. Employment and income, according to the author, are the key factors of temporary labor migration, which is indirectly confirmed by the results of other studies in the Republic of Bashkortostan, according to which shift migrants have a high level of dissatisfaction with these areas of life. These problems are most acute in rural areas, which causes a relatively high level of participation in temporary labor migration of rural residents.
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Chopra, Manish, R. N. Nair, Faby Sunny, and D. N. Sharma. "Migration of radionuclides from a high-level radioactive waste repository in deep geological formations." Environmental Earth Sciences 73, no. 4 (August 2, 2014): 1757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3525-x.
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Meng, Fanjuan, Xin Wang, Nyambayar Batbayar, Tseveenmyadag Natsagdorj, Batmunkh Davaasuren, Iderbat Damba, Lei Cao, and Anthony D. Fox. "Consistent habitat preference underpins the geographically divergent autumn migration of individual Mongolian common shelducks." Current Zoology 66, no. 4 (November 13, 2019): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoz056.
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Abstract While many avian populations follow narrow, well-defined “migratory corridors,” individuals from other populations undertake highly divergent individual migration routes, using widely dispersed stopover sites en route between breeding and wintering areas, although the reasons for these differences are rarely investigated. We combined individual GPS-tracked migration data from Mongolian-breeding common shelduck Tadorna tadorna and remote sensing datasets, to investigate habitat selection at inland stopover sites used by these birds during dispersed autumn migration, to explain their divergent migration patterns. We used generalized linear mixed models to investigate population-level resource selection, and generalized linear models to investigate stopover-site-level resource selection. The population-level model showed that water recurrence had the strongest positive effect on determining birds’ occupancy at staging sites, while cultivated land and grassland land cover type had strongest negative effects; effects of other land cover types were negative but weaker, particularly effects of water seasonality and presence of a human footprint, which were positive but weak or non-significant, respectively. Although stopover-site-level models showed variable resource selection patterns, the variance partitioning and cross-prediction AUC scores corroborated high inter-individual consistency in habitat selection at inland stopover sites during the dispersed autumn migration. These results suggest that the geographically widespread distribution (and generally rarity) of suitable habitats explained the spatially divergent autumn migrations of Mongolian breeding common shelduck, rather than the species showing flexible autumn staging habitat occupancy.
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Smirnov, A. V. "Digital Demography Methods for Forecasting Migration Processes." Economy of regions 18, no. 1 (2022): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-1-10.
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The nature and intensity of migration processes are constantly changing. Demographic statistics are not suitable for obtaining up-to-date information and making timely decisions in the field of demographic and social policy. Thus, digital demography is becoming increasingly important, as this area of population research uses new methods and data sources resulting from the Internet expansion and the digitalisation of society. Using digital demography methods and emerging data sources, the study aims to identify current migration trends in Russia at the municipal level. The duality of the object (real and virtual population) and methods (demographic and data science methods) of digital demography is demonstrated. Digital data sources for studying migration and relevant processing methods were considered. Further, it was proposed to assess migration flows by examining social network information and graphs of migration routes. The analysis of data obtained from the “Virtual population of Russia” project for 2356 urban and municipal regions revealed the features of intermunicipal migration and the centres of migration attraction in the country. An indicator for assessing the potential of future migrations based on the graphs of migration routes was presented. The analysis results show that balanced spatial development of Russia requires the stimulation of human capital development in local centres characterised by high migration potential. These include regional capitals, “second” cities in terms of population, and some research and industrial centres. The study findings can be used to consider demographic processes at the municipal level and elaborate strategic documents in the field of regional spatial development. Further digitalisation and the implementation of digital economy projects will lead to the accumulation of population data at the national level. Therefore, future research should focus on improving digital demography methods for studying and forecasting demographic processes.
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Dai, Wei, Xin Wang, and Gerard T. Schuster. "Least-squares migration of multisource data with a deblurring filter." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 5 (September 2011): R135—R146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2010-0159.1.
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Least-squares migration (LSM) has been shown to be able to produce high-quality migration images, but its computational cost is considered to be too high for practical imaging. We have developed a multisource least-squares migration algorithm (MLSM) to increase the computational efficiency by using the blended sources processing technique. To expedite convergence, a multisource deblurring filter is used as a preconditioner to reduce the data residual. This MLSM algorithm is applicable with Kirchhoff migration, wave-equation migration, or reverse time migration, and the gain in computational efficiency depends on the choice of migration method. Numerical results with Kirchhoff LSM on the 2D SEG/EAGE salt model show that an accurate image is obtained by migrating a supergather of 320 phase-encoded shots. When the encoding functions are the same for every iteration, the input/output cost of MLSM is reduced by 320 times. Empirical results show that the crosstalk noise introduced by blended sources is more effectively reduced when the encoding functions are changed at every iteration. The analysis of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) suggests that not too many iterations are needed to enhance the S/N to an acceptable level. Therefore, when implemented with wave-equation migration or reverse time migration methods, the MLSM algorithm can be more efficient than the conventional migration method.
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TARAU, PAUL, and VERONICA DAHL. "High-level networking with mobile code and first order AND-continuations." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 1, no. 3 (May 2001): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068401001193.
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We describe a scheme for moving living code between a set of distributed processes coordinated with unification based Linda operations, and its application to building a comprehensive Logic programming based Internet programming framework. Mobile threads are implemented by capturing first order continuations in a compact data structure sent over the network. Code is fetched lazily from its original base turned into a server as the continuation executes at the remote site. Our code migration techniques, in combination with a dynamic recompilation scheme, ensure that heavily used code moves up smoothly on a speed hierarchy while volatile dynamic code is kept in a quickly updatable form. Among the examples, we describe how to build programmable client and server components (Web servers, in particular) and mobile agents.
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Sakamoto, Akiko, Koichi Nishiya, Xuanjin Guo, Airi Sugimoto, Waka Nagasaki, and Kaito Doi. "Mitigating Impacts of Climate Change Induced Sea Level Rise by Infrastructure Development: Case of the Maldives." Journal of Disaster Research 17, no. 3 (April 1, 2022): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2022.p0327.
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Of the four atoll countries in the world, the Maldives has the lowest average elevation. Therefore, it is likely to be the first country to lose its land when the sea level rises due to climate change. As a countermeasure to sea level rise, the government of the Maldives is constructing an artificial island called Hulhumalé by raising an atoll adjacent to the capital city of Malé. Other atoll countries may employ the same method to adapt to the anticipated sea level rise. There is a concern that people who are forced to relocate to the artificial island will be affected in various ways. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify measures to reduce the potential impacts of migration to artificial islands. This study aimed to identify factors that will work effectively to satisfy migrants from outside the Malé region to Hulhumalé. At this stage, sea level rise is not a motivating factor for migration to Hulhumalé. For the time being, enhancing high-income employment and high-level education in Hulhumalé, which are the main motivations for migration, will help sustain voluntary migration. Over the past two decades, rapid economic growth has changed the desire of Maldivians. Hulhumalé is attracting people with its new urban environment and employment opportunities. A small-scale questionnaire survey on the satisfaction level of post-migration life was conducted among the residents of Hulhumalé and the results showed that those who changed their jobs before and after migration were less satisfied with their migration than those who did not. In Hulhumalé, smart cities are being developed and new types of employment are being created. In order to facilitate the smooth migration of residents from remote islands, policies that focus on occupational changes before and after migration are needed, such as public job placement programs that enable migrants to find the same jobs that they had before migration, and job training programs that prepare them for career changes and enable them to adapt smoothly to new jobs. At present, mental health issues among migrants are not a major problem. Strengthening people-to-people networks through the use of information technology (IT) will contribute to smooth migration and resettlement.
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Mulska, Olha, Olha Levytska, Volodymyr Zaychenko, Taras Vasyltsiv, and Olha Ilyash. "Pull environment of migration in the EU countries: Migration vector from Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 4 (November 19, 2021): 283–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(4).2021.23.
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The growing Ukrainian migration towards EU countries determines the need for evaluation of pull factors shaping their environment to regulate these processes better. The study aims to assess the EU’s pull environment attracting migrants, and evaluate the elasticity of Ukrainian total and labor migration to the change of social and economic factors in EU countries. The data are collected for the period from 2005 to 2018. The method involves weighting the indicators and sub-indices with the following calculating partial and integral indices of the pull environment of migration for selected EU countries (the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Italy, Portugal, Greece, and Spain) and the EU-28. During 2005–2018, the integral level of pull environment of migration in the EU-28 was above average, whereas the most attractive countries for external migrants were Germany, the Czech Republic, Spain, and Italy. In terms of the intensity of total migration from Ukraine in 2018, Poland (236.06 departures per 1,000 Ukrainians), Hungary (73.6), Germany (12.6), and Italy (7.3) are among the main destinations. While the intensity of Ukrainian migration is high, its growth rate depends on the time lag (different elasticities in the medium and long run). The integral analysis of the pull environment has a practical value allowing to conduct migration intensity and elasticity evaluation, as well as the cross-country pull-factor analysis (pull strength) for substantiating the improvement of regulatory and methodological provisions of migration policies for both Ukraine and the hosting EU states. AcknowledgmentThe study has been conducted within the framework of applied research “Mechanisms of the proactive policy for reducing social vulnerability of the population (based on the Carpathian region of Ukraine)” (M. Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Reg. No. 0121U112014, 2021–2023).
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Warren, John Robert. "State-level high school completion rates: Concepts, measures, and trends." education policy analysis archives 13 (December 23, 2005): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v13n51.2005.
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Since the mid 1970s the national rate at which incoming 9th graders have completed high school has fallen slowly but steadily; this is also true in 41 states. In 2002, about three in every four students who might have completed high school actually did so; in some states this figure is substantially lower. In this paper I review state-level measures of high school completion rates and describe and validate a new measure that reports these rates for 1975 through 2002. Existing measures based on the Current Population Survey are conceptually imperfect and statistically unreliable. Measures based on Common Core Data (CCD) dropout information are unavailable for many states and have different conceptual weaknesses. Existing measures based on CCD enrollment and completion data are systematically biased by migration, changes in cohort size, and/or grade retention. The new CCD-based measure described here is considerably less biased, performs differently in empirical analyses, and gives a different picture of the dropout situation across states and over time.
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Gao, Boya, Karl R. Wotton, Will L. S. Hawkes, Myles H. M. Menz, Don R. Reynolds, Bao-Ping Zhai, Gao Hu, and Jason W. Chapman. "Adaptive strategies of high-flying migratory hoverflies in response to wind currents." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1928 (June 3, 2020): 20200406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0406.
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Large migrating insects, flying at high altitude, often exhibit complex behaviour. They frequently elect to fly on winds with directions quite different from the prevailing direction, and they show a degree of common orientation, both of which facilitate transport in seasonally beneficial directions. Much less is known about the migration behaviour of smaller (10–70 mg) insects. To address this issue, we used radar to examine the high-altitude flight of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae), a group of day-active, medium-sized insects commonly migrating over the UK. We found that autumn migrants, which must move south, did indeed show migration timings and orientation responses that would take them in this direction, despite the unfavourability of the prevailing winds. Evidently, these hoverfly migrants must have a compass (probably a time-compensated solar mechanism), and a means of sensing the wind direction (which may be determined with sufficient accuracy at ground level, before take-off). By contrast, hoverflies arriving in the UK in spring showed weaker orientation tendencies, and did not correct for wind drift away from their seasonally adaptive direction (northwards). However, the spring migrants necessarily come from the south (on warm southerly winds), so we surmise that complex orientation behaviour may not be so crucial for the spring movements.
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Topal Demiroğlu, Elif. "''Compulsory'' Migration Governance at Local Level: The Case of İstanbul." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 19, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 967–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/19.3.967-990(2021).
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This article focuses on the increasing role of cities and local governments in migration governance through following the increasing “local turn” approach in migration studies in recent years. Turkey, which has a long immigration history and by far the largest immigration population of the country with massive Syrian immigration which started in particular in 2011, cities and local governments have developed different local governance arrangements by which they are trying to produce answers to the diversity brought about by immigration. Local responses differ in terms of scope, actor, approach and method. In this study, how and why the municipalities produce different responses are discussed in the context of the role of the municipalities and the common methods that local responses share despite the same legal framework and being a part of Istanbul metropolitan area. Thus, based on the analysis of the field study conducted in six districts of Istanbul, it has been revealed that the answers given to migration and immigrants are shaped in the context of a high informality and compulsory governance.
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Kirov, Denis E., Natalia V. Toutova, Anatoly S. Vorozhtsov, and Iliya A. Andreev. "FEATURE SELECTION FOR PREDICTING LIVE MIGRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUAL MACHINES." T-Comm 15, no. 7 (2021): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2021-15-7-62-70.
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Virtual machine migration is widely used in cloud data centers to scale and maintain the stability of cloud services. However, the performance metrics of virtual machine (VM) applications during migration that are set in the Service Level Agreements may deteriorate. Before starting a migration, it is necessary to evaluate the migration characteristics that affect the quality of service. These characteristics are the total migration time and virtual machine downtime, which are random variables that depend on a variety of factors. The prediction is based on the VM monitoring data. In this paper, we select the most suitable factors for forecasting five types of migrations: precopy migration, postcopy migration, and modification of precopy migration such as CPU throttling, data compression, and delta compression of modified memory pages. To do this, we analyzed a dataset that includes data on five types of migrations, approximately 8000 records of each type. Using correlation analysis, the factors that mostly affect the total migration time and the VM downtime are chosen. These characteristics are predicted using machine learning methods such as linear regression and the support vector machine. It is shown that the number of factors can be reduced almost twice with the same quality of the forecast. In general, linear regression provides relatively high accuracy in predicting the total migration time and the duration of virtual machine downtime. At the same time, the observed nonlinearity in the correlations shows that it is advisable to use the support vector machine to improve the quality of the forecast.
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Ivanov, S. "International Migration in Russia: Dynamics, Policies, Forecast." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 20, 2011): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2011-10-35-53.
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Large flows of migrants into low fertility countries increase the weight of international migration in the population dynamics. The current net migration inflow to Russia is about 350 thousand people per year. Migration hypotheses of the population projections include the assumption of constancy of this level until 2050; net migration of 50 thousand people per year; zero net migration and net migration at the level of 900 thousand people per year. Migration hypotheses are combined with the hypotheses of future trends in fertility, including the low, the middle and the high variants. With low fertility and zero net migration the population by 2050 will be reduced by almost half. Stable migration combined with low fertility will not prevent depopulation of the order of almost 1/3 by 2050. If fertility trend follows the high path and migration remains constant the population size will be restored in 10 years and then will increase by 10 per cent. Тo restore the population size by 2020 with slowly increasing fertility, approximately 1, 5 million people more should immigrate into Russia every year than emigrate from it.
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Arouri, Mohamed, and Nguyen Viet Cuong. "Wealth inequality and inter-governorate migration: Evidence from Egypt." Progress in Development Studies 20, no. 2 (April 2020): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993420910554.
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Migration is one of the key livelihood strategies for households, especially those in low-income and middle-income regions. In this study, we investigate whether the economic level and inequality of wealth can affect inter-governorate migration in Egypt. Using gravity models and data from Population and Housing Censuses of Egypt, we are able to measure the push as well as pull effects of economic and wealth inequality levels on internal migration flows. Although there are a large number of studies on the effect of economic levels on migration, there is little if anything known about the effect of wealth inequality between the origin and destination areas on migration. We measure wealth levels using the household asset index. We find that people tend to move to governorates with high wealth levels as well as high wealth inequality. There is a positive association between wealth inequality and economic growth in Egypt. Governorates with high wealth inequality tend to experience high economic growth and therefore attract more migrants. This study’s findings also suggest that unlike non-work migration, the low wealth level in origin governorates is a push factor for work migration.
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Takatani-Nakase, Tomoka, Chihiro Matsui, Sachie Maeda, Satomi Kawahara, and Koichi Takahashi. "High Glucose Level Promotes Migration Behavior of Breast Cancer Cells through Zinc and Its Transporters." PLoS ONE 9, no. 2 (February 28, 2014): e90136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090136.
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Ma, Da, Juan Fang, Ying Liu, Jing-Jing Song, Yan-Qiong Wang, Juan Xia, Bin Cheng, and Zhi Wang. "High level of calpain1 promotes cancer cell invasion and migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma." Oncology Letters 13, no. 6 (April 3, 2017): 4017–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5970.
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FINDLAY, A. "A Migration Channels Approach to the Study of High Level Manpower Movements: A Theoretical Perspective." International Migration 28, no. 1 (March 1990): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.1990.tb00132.x.
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Nadig, A. "The High Level Working Group on Asylum and Migration and its Action Plan for Afghanistan." Journal of Refugee Studies 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/14.4.428.
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BOKAYEV, Baurzhan, Azat KAIMOLDIYEV, Zhuldyz Davletbayeva, and Bauyrzhan URAZYMBETOV. "MIGRATION POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES: ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF INTELLECTUAL MIGRATION IN KAZAKHSTAN." PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND CIVIL SERVICE, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2022-825.
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This article discusses the intellectual migration of Kazakhstanis who completed their studies at foreign universities. Based on the results of in-depth interviews with 22 Kazakh graduates of foreign universities living abroad, the motives and reasons for their moving to other countries are analyzed, the process of transforming educational migration into intellectual migration is studied, and the factors affecting the willingness of Kazakhstanis to return to their homeland are considered. The results of the study showed that the main reasons for migrating abroad are: family circumstances, the possibility of fully applying competencies and acquired knowledge, gaining professional experience, as well as a high level of economic development, comfort and security, transparency in employment process and satisfactory wages in recipient countries. Meanwhile, according to the study, the factors that push out highly qualified specialists from Kazakhstan are: lack of career prospects, low wages, disagreement with the current political system and climatic conditions.
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Binassi, Sara, Giovanni Guidetti, Mariele Macaluso, and Giulio Pedrini. "Assessing selection patterns and wage differentials of high-skilled migrants. Evidence from Italian graduates working abroad." QUADERNI DI ECONOMIA DEL LAVORO, no. 113 (July 2022): 83–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qua2021-113005.
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This paper aims at investigating the phenomenon of graduates' migration from an OECD country at a microeconomic level to offer insight into the scholarly debate on migration decisions of high-skilled workers living in a developed country. By merging data on employment conditions of Italian graduates with the results of an ad-hoc survey on Italian graduates working abroad, the paper assesses the selectivity of migration choices, the wage premium associated with migration decision on their earnings, and the determinants of the earning function for those graduates that work abroad. Results suggest a high complexity of both the selection and the earning function of high-skilled migrants coming from a developed country.
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Liu, Kaixiang, Lidong Dai, Heping Li, Haiying Hu, Lei Wu, Yukai Zhuang, Chang Pu, and Linfei Yang. "Migration of impurity level reflected in the electrical conductivity variation for natural pyrite at high temperature and high pressure." Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 45, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00269-017-0904-3.
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Singh, Ruchi, Uday Salunkhe, and Vaishali Vivek Patil. "Nature and determinants of migration: Insights from NSSO data in three states of India." Migration Letters 18, no. 3 (May 16, 2021): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i3.1040.
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The exodus of men is the most opted strategy adopted by rural households to diversify income and reduce risks associated with agriculture. Migration plays a very important role in reducing the liquidity and credit constraints of rural households in India. Data shows there are roughly 30 per cent internal migrants in the country. Despite the existence of studies on patterns and determinants of migration in various out-migrating states such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Kerala etc., literature on the same in States with high in-migration are scarce. This article makes an attempt to comprehensively look into patterns and determinants of in-migration in three states. We have used the unit level data on migration (NSSO 64th Round) and tabulated it with suitable statistical techniques. To have a better understanding of determinants of in-migration in the states of Maharashtra, Delhi and West Bengal, a binary logistic regression model have been employed. We found that the majority of male migrants in these states is from within the state and but from different districts. Another interesting finding is that determining factors for migration vary across states. Social group, education, age, monthly expenditure are significant factors in determining migration decisions.
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Abdullah, Feyan, and Ruqaya Al-Barzinj. "Estimation of the level of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in patients with coronary artery disease in the presence of some risk factors." Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences 24, no. 3 (December 25, 2020): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2020.045.
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Background and objective: Coronary artery disease is a chronic inflammatory disease in which many risk factors and inflammatory mediators, including macrophage migration inhibitory factor, are involved. This study aimed to estimate macrophage migration inhibitory factor level in coronary artery disease patients in regard to age, gender, and smoking. Methods: A total of 138 coronary artery disease patients and 38 coronary artery disease free control subjects were admitted to surgical specialty hospital-cardiac center in Erbil city, Iraq between January and December 2017. Plasma macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentration was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Patients and controls were categorized into subgroups according to age (<55 and ≥55 years), gender (women and men), and smoking status (smokers and non-smokers). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor level in every coronary artery disease subgroup (age, gender, and smokers) patients increased significantly compared to the same control subgroups (P <0.05). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor level showed a higher level in coronary artery disease patients subgroups (≥55 years, female, smokers) compared to their corresponding coronary artery disease subgroups (<55 years, male, and non smokers). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor demonstrated a significant positive correlation with fibrinogen and high sensitivity C-reactive protein, insignificant positive correlation with age, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and insignificant negative correlation with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P >0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the diagnostic value of macrophage migration inhibitory factor elevation in coronary artery disease patients if compared with coronary artery disease free subjects, meanwhile suggesting that age, gender, and smoking had no direct role in macrophage migration inhibitory factor elevation considering their secondary minor contributions in macrophage migration inhibitory factor circulation. Keywords: Coronary; Macrophage; Age; Gender; Smoking.
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Wang, Xuyang, Wangling Chen, Wei Lao, and Yunxin Chen. "Silencing LncRNA PVT1 Reverses High Glucose-Induced Regulation of the High Expression of PVT1 in HRMECs by Targeting miR-128-3p." Hormone and Metabolic Research 54, no. 02 (February 2022): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1730-5091.
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AbstractThis paper aims to discuss the possibility of lncRNA PVT1 as a diagnostic biomarker for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and explore the underlying mechanism. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was selected to determine the expression level of lncRNA PVT1 in the serum of all subjects. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve reflected the diagnostic significance of PVT1 for DR patients. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the effect of PVT1 expression on the proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). The luciferase reporter gene was selected to verify the interaction between PVT1 and miR-128-3p. The relative expression level of PVT1 in serum was higher in both the DB and DR group than in the healthy controls group (HC), and it was highest in the DR group. ROC curve indicated that serum PVT1 could distinguish between HC and DB patients, DB patients and DR patients, respectively. In vitro, high glucose induction significantly increased the proliferation and migration capabilities of HRMECs, but silencing PVT1 (si-PVT1) downregulated the proliferation and migration capabilities of HRMECs. The detection of luciferase reporter gene showed that lncRNA PVT1 targeted miR-128-3p, and there was a negative correlation in the serum of DR patients. In conclusion, this study confirmed that lncRNA PVT1 might regulate the process of DR by targeting miR-128-3p, and has the potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis of DR.
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Ryndzak, Olha. "Evaluation of a Population’s Migration Potential as an Important Component of Migration Policy." Economies 7, no. 3 (July 12, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies7030072.
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Development of preventive migration state policy requires investigation of not only real but also prospective migration. This article provides the author’s methodological approach to the study of a population’s migration potential. The migration desires index (MDI), as one of the most important indicators of migration potential, was calculated for the unemployed urban population in Lviv, Ukraine, on the basis of the results of a monitoring sample survey (2013–2016, 2018). The MDI shows wave-like development dynamics. Generally, the share of “solid” migrants (persons who have firm plans to work abroad in the years ahead) grew from 14% in 2014 to 25% of the unemployed population in Lviv in 2018. Despite such a high level of migration desires, the respondents also showed a clear urge to be employed in Ukraine. Overall, the study results show that the improvement of employment opportunities in the national labor market and improvement of the wage system will contribute to a reduction of the level of migration potential and will thus slow the pace at which the working-age population is leaving. For those who still have a firm intention to go abroad, the state should provide an appropriate level of social and economic protection, primarily by establishing effective cooperation with countries that are most attractive for potential labor migrants. The author’s surveillance study shows that such countries are Germany, the USA, Canada, and Poland.
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Choudhury, Ananyo, Shaun Aron, Laura R. Botigué, Dhriti Sengupta, Gerrit Botha, Taoufik Bensellak, Gordon Wells, et al. "High-depth African genomes inform human migration and health." Nature 586, no. 7831 (October 28, 2020): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2859-7.
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AbstractThe African continent is regarded as the cradle of modern humans and African genomes contain more genetic variation than those from any other continent, yet only a fraction of the genetic diversity among African individuals has been surveyed1. Here we performed whole-genome sequencing analyses of 426 individuals—comprising 50 ethnolinguistic groups, including previously unsampled populations—to explore the breadth of genomic diversity across Africa. We uncovered more than 3 million previously undescribed variants, most of which were found among individuals from newly sampled ethnolinguistic groups, as well as 62 previously unreported loci that are under strong selection, which were predominantly found in genes that are involved in viral immunity, DNA repair and metabolism. We observed complex patterns of ancestral admixture and putative-damaging and novel variation, both within and between populations, alongside evidence that Zambia was a likely intermediate site along the routes of expansion of Bantu-speaking populations. Pathogenic variants in genes that are currently characterized as medically relevant were uncommon—but in other genes, variants denoted as ‘likely pathogenic’ in the ClinVar database were commonly observed. Collectively, these findings refine our current understanding of continental migration, identify gene flow and the response to human disease as strong drivers of genome-level population variation, and underscore the scientific imperative for a broader characterization of the genomic diversity of African individuals to understand human ancestry and improve health.