Relevant bibliographies by topics / High level migration

Academic literature on the topic 'High level migration'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "High level migration"

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Martin, Philip, Susan Martin, and Sarah Cross. "High-level Dialogue on Migration and Development." International Migration 45, no. 1 (March 2007): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2007.00394.x.

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Kunwar, Laxman Singh. "International Migration Level and Trends." Patan Pragya 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v7i1.35109.

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International migration is an issue growing concern at global, regional and national level because its volume has been increasing at all level. Among the four migration corridors (North-North, North-South, South-North and South-South) of international migration South-South migration(developing countries –developing countries) occupies largest and North- South (developing countries -developed Countries) second largest share of international migration. The objective of this study is to introduce the situation of international migration at global, regional and national level by using secondary sources of information. The volume of refugees in relation with volume of international migration also has been increasing. Similarly the volume of emigrants have increased in those countries or regions with having very low, low and middle level human development index. Whereas the volume of more immigrants was observed in countries or regions of high and very high human development index. In the context of Nepal, international migration (absentee population data in censuses) has been gradually increasing but up to 2001 censuses major destination was India but on the basis of 2011 census destination of Nepalese migrants have been shifted to Middle East and ASEAN countries but India still remains as a major destination. The lack of uniform data regarding to international migration has been a problem to analyze migration level and trends properly.
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Shymanska, Kateryna, Mykola Kurylo, Oleksandra Karmaza, and Gennady Timchenko. "Determinants of migration motives as a precondition for the migration flows formation." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 3 (December 6, 2017): 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(3-2).2017.05.

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The processes of international migration in recent years concern a large number of people due to many military conflicts intensification, borders liberalization, internationalization of education, etc. Migration motives are believed to consist of economic, socio-demographic, political and security, language-cultural and ecological and natural determinants. Reviewing migration motives and migration flows dependence on the respective determinants for Ukraine provided an opportunity to form a set of parameters to study empirically migration motivation for leaving abroad. The article researches and generalizes the questionnaire results on migration motivation of individuals. The general results of respondents’ views on their potential migration format are highlighted. The respondents’ individual assessment of the reasoned determinants in relation to their influence on the motivating people to migrate abroad is analyzed. To confirm the results, the indicators of the individual determinants importance are presented. It is determined that the prevailing determinants of migration belong to the group of economic and political-security ones, in particular, low wages, high level of corruption in the country, high unemployment, corrupt and ineffective judicial protection system, state participation in armed conflicts and post-conflict state of the country, high level of inflation, high level of labor income taxation, the complexity of opening and closing a business.
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Liu, Xialin, Junsheng Wu, Gang Sha, and Shuqin Liu. "Virtual Machine Consolidation with Minimization of Migration Thrashing for Cloud Data Centers." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 3, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7848232.

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Cloud data centers consume huge amount of electrical energy bringing about in high operating costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Virtual machine (VM) consolidation utilizes live migration of virtual machines (VMs) to transfer a VM among physical servers in order to improve the utilization of resources and energy efficiency in cloud data centers. Most of the current VM consolidation approaches tend to aggressive-migrate for some types of applications such as large capacity application such as speech recognition, image processing, and decision support systems. These approaches generate a high migration thrashing because VMs are consolidated to servers according to VM’s instant resource usage without considering their overall and long-term utilization. The proposed approach, dynamic consolidation with minimization of migration thrashing (DCMMT) which prioritizes VM with high capacity, significantly reduces migration thrashing and the number of migrations to ensure service-level agreement (SLA) since it keeps VMs likely to suffer from migration thrashing in the same physical servers instead of migrating. We have performed experiments using real workload traces compared to existing aggressive-migration-based solutions; through simulations, we show that our approach improves migration thrashing metric by about 28%, number of migrations metric by about 21%, and SLAV metric by about 19%.
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Høgåsen, Helga Rachel, and Patrick Prunet. "Plasma levels of thyroxine, prolactin, and cortisol in migrating and resident wild arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 2947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-233.

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The study was performed on 14-49 cm wild arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus. Plasma thyroxine concentration was twice as high in upstream and downstream migrants (3.8 and 4.0 ng/mL, respectively) as in non-migrants (1.7 ng/mL), supporting the prevailing view that thyroid hormones are stimulatory to both upstream and downstream migration in wild anadromous salmonids. The stimulation of downstream migration by thyroid hormones is suggested to depend on the low feeding state of wild smolts. Plasma prolactin concentration was lower in downstream migrants (10.3 ng/mL) than in non-migrants sampled during the period of downstream migration (16.2 ng/mL), suggesting a possible role for this hormone in repressing seaward migration. Plasma cortisol level was twice as high in upstream migrants (464 ng/mL) as in downstream migrants (244 ng/mL) trapped in a standardized manner. Higher interrenal capacity or responsiveness in upstream migrants may increase their ability to mobilize energy stores. In upstream-migrating females, plasma prolactin concentration was positively correlated with the gonadosomatic index, suggesting a role for prolactin in early sexual maturation. Body length, which was correlated with numbers of migrations, was found to be related only to plasma thyroxine concentration in downstream migrants.
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Justinavicius, D., and P. Poskas. "Temperature and tortuosity effect on gas migration in a high-level waste disposal tunnel." Mineralogical Magazine 79, no. 6 (November 2015): 1317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2015.079.6.07.

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AbstractCorrosion of steel canisters, disposed of in a repository for high-level waste (HLW), leads to generation of hydrogen gas for a long period after the repository's closure. The accumulation of hydrogen gas may lead to significant desaturation and unacceptable build-up of pressure in the backfilled disposal tunnels if the gas cannot escape through the low-permeability host rock. Consequently, the investigation of gas migration is of high relevance in the assessment of the repository's performance.In this paper, the results of numerical investigations on gas migration performed using the computer code TOUGH2 (USA) are presented. The objective was to investigate migration of gas generated in a single disposal tunnel of a conceptual geological repository in a clay formation, which was suggested for benchmark studies in the European Commission project FORGE (Fate Of Repository GasEs). The analysis was focused on evaluation of the impact of an initial temperature in the repository and of different tortuosity models on gas migration. It was revealed that gas migration results were dependent on tortuosity model, while temperature variation in the repository had minor impact.
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Warin, Thierry, and Pavel Svaton. "European Migration: Welfare Migration or Economic Migration?" Global Economy Journal 8, no. 3 (July 29, 2008): 1850140. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1360.

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This paper presents an empirical assessment of bilateral migration flows into the EU-15 countries. Using an extended gravity model, it identifies economic, welfare state, geospatial and linguistic variables as the principal determinants of migration flows into the EU-15 countries. As long as its effect is not offset by a high unemployment rate in the host country, the level of social protection expenditure influences migrants' choice of destination. However, albeit acting as a joint force with other economic, cultural and geospatial variables, the welfare state characteristics of the host country need to be reckoned with when studying European migration flows. Our empirical findings lend some support for a more unified or at least better coordinated social policy across the European Union.
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Shimo, Salima Sultana, and Md Zulhash Uddin. "Energy Level and Chemical Class of Disperse Dyes—Plausible Characteristics of Level Dyeing Performance." AATCC Journal of Research 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.4.3.

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The level dyeing index (LDI) is a measure of dye performance influenced by the dye migration process, ensuring the maximum uniformity of dye redistribution onto the fabric surface. The current study evaluates the level dyeing performance on polyester according to the energy level (low and high) and chemical classes (azo and anthraquinone based) of the three disperse dyes studied. The best levelness was obtained using C.I. Disperse Red 73 (an azo-based, low-energy level disperse dye), which exhibited the highest migration index (MI%) value. LDI results were obtained from the ratio of the exhaustion at the critical dyeing temperature (ECDT% and the final exhaustion Ef%), and the migration index (MI%). Each dye's LDI can be used to determine the compatibility of disperse dyes for combination dyeing.
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Omand, Melissa M., Deborah K. Steinberg, and Karen Stamieszkin. "Cloud shadows drive vertical migrations of deep-dwelling marine life." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 32 (August 4, 2021): e2022977118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022977118.

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Many zooplankton and fishes vertically migrate on a diel cycle to avoid predation, moving from their daytime residence in darker, deep waters to prey-rich surface waters to feed at dusk and returning to depth before dawn. Vertical migrations also occur in response to other processes that modify local light intensity, such as storms, eclipses, and full moons. We observed rapid, high-frequency migrations, spanning up to 60 m, of a diel vertically migrating acoustic scattering layer with a daytime depth of 300 m in the subpolar Northeastern Pacific Ocean. The depth of the layer was significantly correlated, with an ∼5-min lag, to cloud-driven variability in surface photosynthetically available radiation. A model of isolume-following swimming behavior reproduces the observed layer depth and suggests that the high-frequency migration is a phototactic response to absolute light level. Overall, the cumulative distance traveled per day in response to clouds was at least 36% of the round-trip diel migration distance. This previously undescribed phenomenon has implications for the metabolic requirements of migrating animals while at depth and highlights the powerful evolutionary adaptation for visual predator avoidance.
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Furuya, Kenichi. "High-Level Manpower Movement and Japan's Foreign Aid." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100309.

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High-level manpower migration associated with Japan's foreign aid program as well as private overseas investments confirms Japan's steady progress towards internationalization. Although the human resources component of Japan's international aid is disproportionately small because of its shorter history in development aid and scarcity of experts, Japan's ODA relative to GNP is high. Japan's technical assistance programs to Asian countries are summarized. Movements of high-level manpower accompanying direct foreign investments by private enterprise are also reviewed. Proposals for increased human resources development include education and training of foreigners in Japan as well as the training of Japanese aid experts and the development of networks for information exchange.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "High level migration"

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Alghamdi, Turki. "Enhancing Load Balancing Efficiency Based on Migration Delay for Distributed Virtual Simulations." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32558.

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Load management is an essential and important factor for distributed simulations running on shared resources due to load imbalances that can caused considerable performance loss. High Level Architecture (HLA) -based simulation is a framework that works to facilitate the design and management of distributed simulations. HLA coordinates the interaction between simulation entities (federates). However, HLA-based simulation standards do not present the ability to manage resources or help detect load imbalances that could directly cause decrease of performance. Focusing on this constraint, a migration-aware dynamic balancing system has been designed for HLA simulations to offer an efficient load-balancing scheme that works in large-scale environments. This system presents some limitations on estimating costs and benefits, so we propose an enhancement to this existing load balancing system, which improves the accuracy of estimating the number of migrations for the next load redistribution. The proposed scheme detects the load imbalances by evaluating the recourses overhead. The scheme classifies the recourses based on the overhead as overloaded and underloaded, followed by matching the highest overloaded recourses with the lowest underloaded recourses. Furthermore, the proposed scheme aims to precisely estimate the number of migrations by evaluating and analyzing the recourses to obtain the best number of migrations. Therefore, certain migrations that do not contribute to an improvement in the simulation performance are avoided. This avoidance is based on comparing time delay and time gain. Moreover, to be considered for migration, the overall sum of the time gains should be larger than the overall sum of the time delays. The proposed scheme has shown an improvement on decreasing the execution time.
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Mützelburg, Irina Béatrice. "Multi-level transfer of international norms : asylum policies and practices in Ukraine (1993-2015)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0001.

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Cette thèse soulève l’importance d’acteurs et de voies de transferts souvent négligés en adoptant une perspective longitudinale et multi-niveaux sur les transferts internationaux de normes et de politiques. Elle examine le rôle d’organisations internationales dans le développement de politiques et de pratiques relatives à l’asile en Ukraine depuis la première loi sur les réfugiés en 1993 jusqu’en 2015. Elle montre la dépendance de l’action des organisations internationales (OI) et non-gouvernementales (ONG) à l’égard de modes d’influence plus connus, telles que la conditionnalité sectorielle exercée par l’Union Européenne, mais elle met aussi en lumière les modalités propres à leurs interventions. Elle étudie les interactions et les relations entre les acteurs étatiques et non-étatiques au long d’une « chaîne de transferts », révélant les logiques de dépendance, de délégation et de contrôle ainsi que les processus de traduction, de soutien et de résistance aux transferts. En analysant le soutien et des formes subtiles de résistance à l’adoption législative des normes internationales par le Parlement, elle montre l’impact de la quête de reconnaissance internationale et d’incitations offertes par les OI. Les OI et les ONG cherchent à influencer les pratiques étatiques en adaptant leurs stratégies aux résistances et aux obstacles structurels, par des approches consensuelles ou confrontatives, formelles ou informelles, verticales ou horizontales. En dépit de l’effort des entrepreneurs de normes pour induire la formalisation de certains changements, les effets des transferts sur les pratiques étatiques restent hétérogènes et instables
This thesis uncovers the importance of often overlooked actors and transfer channels by adopting a longitudinal and multi-level perspective on international norm and policy transfer. It examines the role of international organisations in the development of asylum policies and practices in Ukraine since the adoption of the first Law on Refugees. It shows how the action of international and domestic non-governmental organisations is interlinked with and differs from the sector-specific conditionality exercised by the European Union. In this manner, it enriches the findings on transfer from research that has mostly focused on top-down processes and political elite actors. It investigates the interactions and relations between state and non-state actors of the “transfer chain”, revealing logics of dependence, delegation and control as well as processes of translation, support and resistance. Analysing the support and subtle forms of resistance to the legislative adoption of international norms at the Parliament, it demonstrates that adoption is shaped, to a large extent, by domestic politicians’ pursuit of recognition and incentives by international organisations. Moreover, non-state actors seek to influence state practices by adapting their strategies to domestic resistance and structural obstacles, utilising confrontational and harmony-seeking, formal and informal, top-down and horizontal strategies. While norm entrepreneurs try to trigger the formalisation of certain changes, the effects of the transfer attempts on state practices remain heterogeneous and unstable. This thesis thus adds to transfer scholars’ widespread findings regarding the weak application of norms
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Borowczak, Mike. "Side channel attack resistance| Migrating towards high level methods." Thesis, University of Cincinnati, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3601397.

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Our world is moving towards ubiquitous networked computing with unstoppable momentum. With technology available at our every finger tip, we expect to connect quickly, cheaply, and securely on the sleekest devices. While the past four decades of design automation research has focused on making integrated circuits smaller, cheaper and quicker the past decade has drawn more attention towards security. Though security within the scope of computing is a large domain, the focus of this work is on the elimination of computationally based power byproducts from high-level device models down to physical designs and implementations The scope of this dissertation is within the analysis, attack and protection of power based side channels. Research in the field concentrates on determining, masking and/or eliminating the sources of data dependent information leakage within designs. While a significant amount of research is allocated to reducing this leakage at low levels of abstraction, significantly less research effort has gone into higher levels of abstraction. This dissertation focuses on both ends of the design spectrum while motivating the future need for hierarchical side channel resistance metrics for hardware designs. Current low level solutions focus on creating perfectly balanced standard cells through various straight-forward logic styles. Each of these existing logic styles, while enhancing side channel resistance by reducing the channels' variance, come at significant design expense in terms of area footprint, power consumption, delay and even logic style structure. The first portion of this proposal introduces a universal cell based on a dual multiplexer, implemented using a pass-transistor logic which approaches and exceeds some standard cell cost benchmarks. The proposed cell and circuit level methods shows significant improvements in security metrics over existing cells and approaches standard CMOS cell and circuit performance by reducing area, power consumption and delay. While most low level works stop at the cell level, this work also investigates the impact of environmental factors on security. On the other end of the design spectrum, existing secure architecture and algorithm research attempts to mask side channels through random noise, variable timing, instruction reordering and other similar methods. These methods attempt to obfuscate the primary source of information with side channels. Unfortunately, in most cases, the techniques are still susceptible to attack - of those with promise, most are algorithm specific. This dissertation approaches high-level security by eliminating the relationship between high level side channel models and the side channels themselves. This work discusses two different solutions targeting architecture level protection. The first, deals with the protection of Finite State Machines, while the seconds deals with protection of a class of cryptographic algorithms using Feedback Shift Registers. This dissertation includes methods for reducing the power overhead of any FSM circuit (secured or not). The solutions proposed herein render potential side channel models moot by eliminating or reducing the model's data dependent variability. Designers unwilling to compromise on a doubling of area can include some sub-optimal security to their devices.

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Guthrie, VA. "Radionuclide migration in plutonic rocks: implications for high-level nuclear waste disposal." Thesis, 1991. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/8927/2/Guthrie_VA_PhD_1991_frontmatter.pdf.

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Geochemical studies of deeply buried intrusive rocks provide the foundation for evaluating the suitability of crystalline rocks as repositories for solidified HighLevel Nuclear Waste (HLW). This geochemical study examines the migration of natural and introduced radionuclides during interaction between groundwater and plutonic rock, to provide an understanding of the processes which may operate in the potential repository environment. Rock cores from the Coles Bay Granite (Tasmania), Kambalda Granodiorite (Western Australia) and the Roxby Downs Granite (South Australia) were selected for this study on the basis of the variation in mineralogy, fracture density and degree of alteration. Firstly, the behaviour ofU- and Th-decay series radionuclides in each rock was investigated as a natural analogue for some HLW elements to identify the nuclide migration pathways and significant sites of rock/radionuclide interaction. Secondly, Synroc doped with actinides and fission products was used as a source of radionuclides to evaluate the interactions between waste elements and intrusive rocks in a simulated water-saturated repository environment. This integrated approach has identified the mechanisms controlling radionuclide release, migration and retention. In the natural analogue studies, the application of fission-track micromapping has determined that primary uranium is distributed in the three intrusives as background U in the major rock-forming minerals, and as resistate U in the primary accessory phases. Two modes of redistribution of this uranium are evident; as secondary U in the secondary minerals formed during alteration, and as fracture U associated with the fracture-infilling minerals. The mechanisms for uranium retention are dominated by adsorption and ion exchange. The study of uranium-series disequilibrium has determined that significant radionuclide mobilisation has occurred in the recent past «1.2 Ma) as a result of groundwater interaction. Disequilibrium between 23OTh, 234U and 238U in the three intrusives indicates that fractures form the dominant nuclide migration pathways and the most significant sites of rock/radionuclide interaction are the secondary and fracture-infilling minerals. Leach testing of Synroc with the three intrusives was carried out to determine the mechanisms and processes which occur during Synroc/water/granitic host rock interaction. Significant geochemical and mineralogical changes were observed in all three intrusives during leach testing, including loss of crystal structure and formation of surface reaction products. These changes are reflected in a change in the leach solution conditions and may also affect the distribution of radionuclides during leach testing. The presence of the intrusives significantly inhibited the total release of the actinides (Np, Pu and Cm) and the less soluble fission products (Zr, Ce, Nb and Ru) from Synroc, as a result of the change in solution chemistry and nuclide solubility induced by the presence of the granites. Substantial preferential uptake of all radionuclides by specific secondary and fracture infilling minerals (such as sericite, hematite, Fe- and Ti-oxides/hydroxides) in intrusives was also observed, which was controlled by rapid ion exchange, redox reactions, sorption and surface deposition of colloids and pseudocolloids. These results imply that fractures will form the main pathways for radionuclide mobilisation in the HLW disposal environment, and that the most significant sites for rock/radionuclide interaction will be the secondary and fracture-infilling minerals. Sorptive processes will dominate radionuclide retention and therefore retard migration of these elements away from the waste package into the surrounding near-field geological environment. The geochemical evolution which occurs during rock/water interaction may affect radionuclide release, migration and retention through changes in solution characteristics and sorptive capacity. These qualitative experimental observations of the chemically complex interactions which occur in the predicted repository environment may be used for quantitative predictive modelling in repository assessment.
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LI, LONG-SHENG, and 李龍盛. "High level language program state analysis for heterogeneous process migration and fault tolerance." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73503630617685387844.

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Books on the topic "High level migration"

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Parsons, A. M. Conceptualization of a hypothetical high-level nuclear waste repository site in unsaturated, fractured tuff. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.The Division, 1991.

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Workshop on the Role of Natural Analogs in Geologic Disposal of High-Level Nuclear Waste (1991 San Antonio, Tex.). Proceedings of the Workshop on the Role of Natural Analogs in Geologic Disposal of High-Level Nuclear Waste: Held in San Antonio TX, July 22-25, 1991. San Antonio, TX: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1995.

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Hoek, F. J. van. Migration of High Level Manpower from Developing to Developed Countries. De Gruyter, Inc., 2020.

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Cerna, Lucie. European High-Skilled Migration Policy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815273.003.0005.

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The chapter argues that while Europe needs high-skilled immigrants to fill labour shortages and respond to ageing populations, it continues to struggle recruiting these immigrants due to incre asing political tensions over immigration, which can also affect the highly skilled. These tensions are visible in the varying national policies and Blue Card versions at the EU level. The chapter analyses demographic, economic, and political challenges in Europe and traces high-skilled immigration policy developments over the last decade, both in terms of national policies and the adoption of the EU Blue Card. To demonstrate the variation in Blue Card versions, the chapter presents a newly developed Blue Card Index (BCI) and compares it with an existing index of national high-skilled immigration policies. The indices highlight considerable variation in national policies and Blue Card versions. This has important policy implications, which are discussed in the concluding section.
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UN high level dialogue on international migration and development 2006: A report. Quezon City, Philippines: Migrant Forum in Asia, 2007.

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Parsons, Christopher. High-Skilled Migration in Times of Global Economic Crisis. Edited by Mathias Czaika. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815273.003.0002.

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This chapter uses two pioneering databases to analyse the implications of the global economic crisis on international migration. The first details inflows of migrant workers of 185 nationalities to ten OECD destinations, disaggregated by skill level between 2000 and 2012. The second comprises immigration policies implemented by nineteen OECD countries between 2000 and 2012. It distinguishes between six skill-selective admission policies, six post-entry policy instruments, and three bilateral agreements. The preliminary analysis is presented against the backdrop of the crisis, which negatively affected annual inflows of highly and other skilled migrants between 2007 and 2009, although these resumed an upward trend thereafter. The starkest trends in policy terms include: the diffusion of student jobseeker visas, the relative stability in the prevalence of skill-selective policies in the wake of the crisis, a greater use of financial incentives to attract high-skilled workers, and increased employer transferability for migrants at destination.
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A performance assessment methodology for high-level radioactive waste disposal in unsaturated, fractured tuff. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1991.

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Venturini, Alessandra, Sona Kalantaryan, and Claudio Fassio. High-Skilled Immigration and Innovation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815273.003.0008.

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This chapter provides an extensive review of the existing empirical literature that analyses the impact of (mostly high-skilled) migration on the innovative performances of firms, regions, and countries. The authors discuss the different features of the immigrant labour force, such as education, occupation, age, and internal ethnic diversity, that play a role in the contribution of immigrants to innovation. By categorizing the existing studies on the basis of the definition of innovation and migration that they adopt, as well as on the specific level of analysis chosen (at the firm, regional, or country level), the chapter also engages in an in-depth discussion about the policy implications that can be drawn from the existing evidence. Finally, the chapter outlines some suggestions about the implementation of appropriate immigration policies, able to truly foster innovation in European countries.
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Ewers, Michael C., and Ryan Dicce. High-Skilled Migration and the Attractiveness of Cities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815273.003.0009.

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This chapter examines the relationship between highly skilled international migration and urban–regional development. We describe how this mobility–urbanization nexus is conditioned by the various scalar actors. The locational preference-seeking of high-skilled workers gives insight into the individual determinants of migration. Meanwhile, the hiring and recruitment practices of local and international firms further conditions these outcomes. As the ultimate regulator of economic activity and labour mobility, the state further alters the context in which firms and labour operate. Together, these three actors create multiscalar processes operating at local, national, and global levels to determine who goes where and why in the global economy.
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Shaver, J. Myles. What Creates a Vibrant Headquarters Economy? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828914.003.0004.

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A key argument in Chapter 3 is that low levels of outward migration accelerate the positive dynamic of managerial mobility across companies and industries within a region. This chapter examines the migration patterns of employed, highly educated, high-earning individuals (i.e., the demographic in which professional managerial talent belong) across the largest metropolitan areas in the United States. As expected, Minneapolis-St. Paul has the lowest or among the lowest rate of outward migration over forty years, and over that time period the region consistently adds to this talent pool. In addition, this migration pattern is pronounced for employed, highly educated, high-earning individuals with school-aged children. The chapter introduces the Talent Migration Map to help discern different migration dynamics.
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Book chapters on the topic "High level migration"

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Redhead, Tim. "A high-level process checkpointing and migration scheme for heterogeneous distributed systems." In Distributed Platforms, 272–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34947-3_21.

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Zhang, Junni L., and John Bryant. "Bayesian Disaggregated Forecasts: Internal Migration in Iceland." In Developments in Demographic Forecasting, 193–215. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42472-5_10.

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Abstract Local-level demographic forecasts are in high demand. Constructing local-level forecasts requires confronting the problems of random variation and sparse data. Bayesian methods offer promising solutions to both these problems. We illustrate using the example of inter-regional migration in Iceland.
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Teye, Joseph Kofi. "Conclusions." In IMISCOE Research Series, 261–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97322-3_13.

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AbstractWhile West Africa has become the focus of media and policy discussions on migration because of its high level of both labour migration and forced displacement, there is a general paucity of data on the dynamics of migration flows and their impacts on socio-economic development in the sub-region. As a way of helping to fill some of the existing knowledge gaps which make it difficult to integrate migration into development planning processes, this book has employed various theoretical perspectives to analyse the trends, patterns, drivers, and socio-economic impacts of both voluntary and involuntary migration in West Africa. The authors have also examined policy responses to intractable migration-related challenges, and outlined policy recommendations for improving migration governance, strengthening mechanisms for the protecting, and maximining the developmental impacts of migration for both countries of origin and destination of migrants.
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Bradbury, Joshua J., Holly E. Lovegrove, Marta Giralt-Pujol, and Shane P. Herbert. "Analysis of mRNA Subcellular Distribution in Collective Cell Migration." In Cell Migration in Three Dimensions, 389–407. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_22.

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AbstractThe movement of groups of cells by collective cell migration requires division of labor between group members. Therefore, distinct cell identities, unique cell behaviors, and specific cellular roles are acquired by cells undergoing collective movement. A key driving force behind the acquisition of discrete cell states is the precise control of where, when, and how genes are expressed, both at the subcellular and supracellular level. Unraveling the mechanisms underpinning the spatiotemporal control of gene expression in collective cell migration requires not only suitable experimental models but also high-resolution imaging of messenger RNA and protein localization during this process. In recent times, the highly stereotyped growth of new blood vessels by sprouting angiogenesis has become a paradigm for understanding collective cell migration, and consequently this has led to the development of numerous user-friendly in vitro models of angiogenesis. In parallel, single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) has come to the fore as a powerful technique that allows quantification of both RNA number and RNA spatial distribution in cells and tissues. Moreover, smFISH can be combined with immunofluorescence to understand the precise interrelationship between RNA and protein distribution. Here, we describe methods for use of smFISH and immunofluorescence microscopy in in vitro angiogenesis models to enable the investigation of RNA and protein expression and localization during endothelial collective cell migration.
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Van Praag, Lore, Loubna Ou-Salah, Elodie Hut, and Caroline Zickgraf. "How Environmental Changes Result in Migration Aspirations and Other Adaptation Strategies of Moroccan Inhabitants and Migrants in Belgium." In IMISCOE Research Series, 169–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61390-7_9.

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AbstractThis book provides a unique approach to the Moroccan context. Many researchers have conducted fieldwork in Morocco, departing from migration studies (e.g., De Haas 2003, 2006, 2010; Czaika and De Haas 2011; De Haas and El Ghanjou 2000), while others solely focused on environmental and climate changes (e.g., Schilling et al. 2012), leaving the interplay between both to be explored more in-depth. The Moroccan context offers a unique research context because it is confronted with gradual environmental change over the last decades and has initiated considerable action at the national level to develop policies or strategies to counteract these changes. Hence, Morocco in 2019 ranked among the leading countries in the fight against climate change on the Climate Change Performance Index (Burck et al. 2019). Furthermore, Morocco evolved into one of the world’s leading emigration countries in the second half of the twentieth century, being characterized by unexpected developments, including colonial migration, labour migration, family reunification, and, recently, undocumented migration. This led to a high degree of internal differentiation within the Moroccan migrant population and strong and influential migrant networks (De Haas 2007; Schilling et al. 2012; cf. Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-61390-7_3).
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Costa, Rafael, and Helga A. G. de Valk. "Socio-spatial Disparities in Brussels and its Hinterland." In The Urban Book Series, 271–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_14.

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AbstractBrussels’ urban and suburban landscape has changed considerably since the 1980s. The consolidation of socioeconomic fractures inside the city, a reinforcement of long-lasting disparities between the city and its prosperous hinterland, as well as the increasing diversification of migration flows—both high- and low-skilled—contributed to these disparities. Recent evolutions of these patterns, however, have not been investigated yet and therefore remain unknown. Besides, the extent to which segregation is primarily related to economic inequalities and to migration flows—or a combination/interaction between the two—so far has not been studied. This chapter offers a detailed overview of the socio-spatial disparities in the Brussels Functional Urban Area. Our analyses relied on fine-grained spatial data, at the level of statistical sections and of individualised neighbourhoods built around 100 m x 100 m grids. We analysed socioeconomic segregation measures and patterns, as well as their evolution between 2001 and 2011. Socioeconomic groups were defined based on individuals’ position with respect to national income deciles. In line with previous research, our results show very marked patterns of socioeconomic segregation in and around Brussels operating both at a larger regional scale and at the local level.
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Oso, Laura, Paweł Kaczmarczyk, and Justyna Salamońska. "Labour Migration." In IMISCOE Research Series, 117–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92377-8_7.

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AbstractThis chapter will focus on labour migration, that is the movement of persons with the aim of employment or income-bringing activities (e.g., entrepreneurship), developing the topic which was also touched upon in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-92377-8_3 on conceptual understanding of migration drivers. Research on labour migration has developed across various disciplines (e.g., sociology, anthropology, and geography), but most prominently in economics. It has resulted in a range of theoretical frameworks, starting with neoclassical economic theories and advancing through the New Economics of Labour Migration (NELM), dual labour market theory, and social network theory, to more recent transnational approaches or theories dedicated to particular forms of labour migration. These diverse approaches offer insights into labour migration on macro-, meso- and micro-levels. Although a dichotomy based on skills (high-skilled vs. low-skilled workers) can be seen as controversial or misleading as a division between workers representing these two types of skills is often vague or difficult to determine, the distinction does reflect recent debates on labour migration. Thus, a high−/low-skills dichotomy serves as a guide to the structure of this chapter.
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Zepeda, Rodolfo, and Roberto Quintero. "Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP). A Transversal Model to Support Educational Continuity Fostering Resilience, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship." In Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, 137–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_9.

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AbstractThroughout its history, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), a public institution, has always been a guide of social and economic development of the state of Puebla. From one moment to another, the state was unexpectedly immersed in the Covid-19 pandemic that caused the sudden migration from a mostly face-to-face instructional model to an online one. Immediately, the institution summoned different staff members to define and analyze the situation and then establish actions to guarantee educational continuity.As part of this analysis, they identified opportunities specifically at the upper secondary level, which includes high school. In particular, one opportunity was to offer entrepreneurship courses in an online format, capitalizing on the experience gained from the undergraduate program. Given the characteristics of the pandemic, the analysis also highlighted that the crisis would have severe economic effects on the students and their families, diminishing their income.It is estimated that the entrepreneurship education program reached 18,000 people, including students, faculty members, and parents. Over 10,000 more people will be reached throughout the rest of the year. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the resilience, innovation, and entrepreneurial capacity of the university ecosystem.
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Zepeda, Rodolfo, and Roberto Quintero. "Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP). A Transversal Model to Support Educational Continuity Fostering Resilience, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship." In Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, 137–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_9.

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AbstractThroughout its history, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), a public institution, has always been a guide of social and economic development of the state of Puebla. From one moment to another, the state was unexpectedly immersed in the Covid-19 pandemic that caused the sudden migration from a mostly face-to-face instructional model to an online one. Immediately, the institution summoned different staff members to define and analyze the situation and then establish actions to guarantee educational continuity.As part of this analysis, they identified opportunities specifically at the upper secondary level, which includes high school. In particular, one opportunity was to offer entrepreneurship courses in an online format, capitalizing on the experience gained from the undergraduate program. Given the characteristics of the pandemic, the analysis also highlighted that the crisis would have severe economic effects on the students and their families, diminishing their income.It is estimated that the entrepreneurship education program reached 18,000 people, including students, faculty members, and parents. Over 10,000 more people will be reached throughout the rest of the year. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the resilience, innovation, and entrepreneurial capacity of the university ecosystem.
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Crawley, Heaven, and Veronica Fynn Bruey. "‘Hanging in the Air’: The Experiences of Liberian Refugees in Ghana." In IMISCOE Research Series, 107–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97322-3_6.

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AbstractThe civil wars that devastated Liberia between 1989 and 2003 displaced an estimated 800,000 people internally, with more than a million people travelling to neighbouring countries in West Africa in search of protection and the opportunity to rebuild their lives. More than 15 years after the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed, tens of thousands of Liberians continue to be displaced in Liberia, Ghana, and Côte d’Ivoire. Whilst some have been resettled – primarily to Canada, the US, Australia, and European countries – most have been left ‘hanging in the air’, living in extreme poverty, marginalised from mainstream development policies and planning, and unable to either contribute to, or benefit from, efforts to rebuild peace and security in their home country. Their needs, interests and aspirations have been largely ignored by academics and policymakers in the Global North whose focus, particularly over recent years, has been primarily on the drivers of migration from West Africa across the Mediterranean to Europe. At a regional level, there have been efforts by the Economic Committee of West African States (ECOWAS) to provide alternative models of integration, particularly since the United Nations High Commissioner Refugees (UNHCR) announced the cessation of refugee status for Liberian refugees in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire in June 2012. However, significant barriers to both local integration and safe-third country resettlement remain. This chapter examines the experiences of Liberian refugees living in Ghana and their struggles to secure national and international protection in a context where returning to Liberia remains impossible for many.
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Conference papers on the topic "High level migration"

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Chao Wang, F. Mueller, C. Engelmann, and S. L. Scott. "Proactive process-level live migration in HPC environments." In 2008 SC - International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sc.2008.5222634.

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Rodriguez, Monica, Ivan Cores, Patricia Gonzalez, and Maria J. Martin. "Improving an MPI Application-Level Migration Approach through Checkpoint File Splitting." In 2014 26th International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing (SBAC-PAD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sbac-pad.2014.25.

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Chou, Chih Chieh, Yuan Chen, Dejan Milojicic, Narasimha Reddy, and Paul Gratz. "Optimizing Post-Copy Live Migration with System-Level Checkpoint Using Fabric-Attached Memory." In 2019 IEEE/ACM Workshop on Memory Centric High Performance Computing (MCHPC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mchpc49590.2019.00010.

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"A high-level process checkpointing and migration scheme for heterogeneous distributed systems." In 1996 IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Distributed Platforms. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdp.1996.864208.

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Zhang, Zhou, Peiquan Jin, Xiaoliang Wang, Ruicheng Liu, and Shouhong Wan. "N-Storm: Efficient Thread-Level Task Migration in Apache Storm." In 2019 IEEE 21st International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE 17th International Conference on Smart City; IEEE 5th International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC/SmartCity/DSS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hpcc/smartcity/dss.2019.00219.

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Prodromou, Andreas, Mitesh Meswani, Nuwan Jayasena, Gabriel Loh, and Dean M. Tullsen. "MemPod: A Clustered Architecture for Efficient and Scalable Migration in Flat Address Space Multi-level Memories." In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2017.39.

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Hussain, Tassadaq, Miquel Pericas, Nacho Navarro, and Eduard Ayguade. "Implementation of a Reverse Time Migration kernel using the HCE High Level Synthesis tool." In 2011 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2011.6132717.

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Peter, Geoffrey J. "Environmental Remediation of High-Level Nuclear Waste in Geological Repository: Modified Computer Code Creates Ultimate Benchmark in Natural Systems." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40159.

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Isolation of high-level nuclear waste in permanent geological repositories has been a major concern for over 30 years due to the migration of dissolved radio nuclides reaching the water table (10,000-year compliance period) as water moves through the repository and the surrounding area. Repositories based on mathematical models allow for long-term geological phenomena and involve many approximations; however, experimental verification of long-term processes is impossible. Countries must determine if geological disposal is adequate for permanent storage. Many countries have extensively studied different aspects of safely confining the highly radioactive waste in an underground repository based on the unique geological composition at their selected repository location. This paper discusses two computer codes developed by various countries to study the coupled thermal, mechanical, and chemical process in these environments, and the migration of radionuclide. Further, this paper presents the results of a case study of the Magma-hydrothermal (MH) computer code, modified by the author, applied to nuclear waste repository analysis. The MH code verified by simulating natural systems thus, creating the ultimate benchmark. This approach based on processes similar to those expected near waste repositories currently occurring in natural systems.
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Yuan Cao, Wenke Wang, and Tieliang Wang. "Three-dimensional numerical simulation of tritium migration in a preselected area of high-level radioactive waste disposal repository." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5964892.

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Ivandić, Neven. "DOES TOURISM ACTIVITY AFFECT MIGRATION? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM CROATIA." In Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe 2021: ToSEE – Smart, Experience, Excellence & ToFEEL – Feelings, Excitement, Education, Leisure. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.24.

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Purpose – Since the Census in 2011, Croatia has seen a substantial population decline. Given the high contribution of tourism to the Croatian economy, this paper empirically analyses the relationship between population migration, namely total net migration and net migration abroad, and tourism activity. Methodology – The research design of this paper is based on quantitative econometric panel data analysis using annual data for cities and municipalities in Croatia between 2002 and 2019. A oneway and two-way fixed effects model are used for the estimation of the regression model coefficients. Findings – The set models provide insight into the relationship between net migration or migration abroad and tourism activity. Tourism can be seen as a generator of demographic change, especially in rural and less developed areas, as it generates employment opportunities and, thus, the opportunity for permanent residency. Contribution – The main contribution of this paper is the novel use of such detailed data at the geographical level that spans over two decades. This generates empirical insights that hold high levels of external validity. A further important aspect of the paper is the analysis of the connection between population migration and tourism activity in the context of Croatia's accession to the European Union and verification of the theoretically grounded expectation that tourism activity as pull factor is positively related to population net migration.
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Reports on the topic "High level migration"

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Bauer, Linda Rose. Gas phase migration of C-14 through barrier materials applicable for use in a high-level nuclear waste repository located in tuff. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/60700.

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Ward, Anderson L., Glendon W. Gee, and Scott W. Tyler. Rapid Migration of Radionuclides Leaked from High-Level Waste Tanks: A Study of Salinity Gradients, Wetted Path Geometry and Water Vapor Transport. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833277.

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Ward, Anderson L., Glendon Gee, John Selker, and Scott Tyler. Rapid Migration of Radionuclides Leaked from High-Level Waste Tanks: A Study of Salinity Gradients, Wetted Path Geometry, and Water Vapor Transport. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833286.

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Anderson l. Ward, Glendon W. Gee, John S. Selker, and Clay Cooper. Rapid Migration of Radionuclides Leaked from High-Level Water Tanks; A Study of Salinity Gradients, Wetted Path Geometry and Water Vapor Transport. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/794071.

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Anderson L. Ward, Glendon W. Gee, John S. Selker, and Caly Cooper. Rapid Migration of Radionuclides Leaked from High-Level Water Tanks: A Study of Salinity Gradients, Wetted Path Geometry and Water Vapor Transport. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/794075.

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Sheridan, Anne. Annual report on migration and asylum 2016: Ireland. ESRI, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat65.

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The Annual Report on Migration and Asylum 2016 provides an overview of trends, policy developments and significant debates in the area of asylum and migration during 2016 in Ireland. Some important developments in 2016 included: The International Protection Act 2015 was commenced throughout 2016. The single application procedure under the Act came into operation from 31 December 2016. The International Protection Office (IPO) replaced the Office of the Refugee Applications Commissioner (ORAC) from 31 December 2016. The first instance appeals body, the International Protection Appeals Tribunal (IPAT), replacing the Refugee Appeals Tribunal (RAT), was established on 31 December 2016. An online appointments system for all registrations at the Registration Office in Dublin was introduced. An electronic Employment Permits Online System (EPOS) was introduced. The Irish Short Stay Visa Waiver Programme was extended for a further five years to October 2021. The Second National Action Plan to Prevent and Combat Human Trafficking was published. 2016 was the first full year of implementation of the Irish Refugee Protection Programme (IRPP). A total of 240 persons were relocated to Ireland from Greece under the relocation strand of the programme and 356 persons were resettled to Ireland. Following an Oireachtas motion, the Government agreed to allocate up to 200 places to unaccompanied minors who had been living in the former migrant camp in Calais and who expressed a wish to come to Ireland. This figure is included in the overall total under the IRPP. Ireland and Jordan were appointed as co-facilitators in February 2016 to conduct preparatory negotiations for the UN high level Summit for Refugees and Migrants. The New York Declaration, of September 2016, sets out plans to start negotiations for a global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration and a global compact for refugees to be adopted in 2018. Key figures for 2016: There were approximately 115,000 non-EEA nationals with permission to remain in Ireland in 2016 compared to 114,000 at the end of 2015. Net inward migration for non-EU nationals is estimated to be 15,700. The number of newly arriving immigrants increased year-on-year to 84,600 at April 2017 from 82,300 at end April 2016. Non-EU nationals represented 34.8 per cent of this total at end April 2017. A total of 104,572 visas, both long stay and short stay, were issued in 2016. Approximately 4,127 persons were refused entry to Ireland at the external borders. Of these, 396 were subsequently admitted to pursue a protection application. 428 persons were returned from Ireland as part of forced return measures, with 187 availing of voluntary return, of which 143 were assisted by the International Organization for Migration Assisted Voluntary Return Programme. There were 532 permissions of leave to remain granted under section 3 of the Immigration Act 1999 during 2016. A total of 2,244 applications for refugee status were received in 2016, a drop of 32 per cent from 2015 (3,276). 641 subsidiary protection cases were processed and 431 new applications for subsidiary protection were submitted. 358 applications for family reunification in respect of recognised refugees were received. A total of 95 alleged trafficking victims were identified, compared with 78 in 2015.
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Busso, Matías, Juan Pablo Chauvin, and Nicolás Herrera L. Rural-Urban Migration at High Urbanization Levels. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002904.

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This study assesses the empirical relevance of the Harris-Todaro model at high levels of urbanization a feature that characterizes an increasing number of developing countries, which were largely rural when the model was created 50 years ago. Using data from Brazil, the paper compares observed and model-based predictions of the equilibrium urban employment rate of 449 cities and the rural regions that are the historic sources of their migrant populations. Little support is found in the data for the most basic version of the model. However, extensions that incorporate labor informality and housing markets have much better empirical traction. Harris-Todaro equilibrium relationships are relatively stronger among workers with primary but no high school education, and those relationships are more frequently found under certain conditions: when cities are relatively larger; and when associated rural areas are closer to the magnet city and populated to a greater degree by young adults, who are most likely to migrate.
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Collyer, Michael, Tahir Zaman, and Dolf te Lintelo. Displacement and Social Assistance. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.029.

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Displacement forms part of virtually any major crisis. It introduces a level of complexity when providing social assistance that leads to a specific, usually context-dependent set of challenges. It is widely recognised that the vast majority of displaced people will travel as short a distance as possible to reach safety, whether as Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), refugees or irregular migrants in neighbouring countries. Displaced people are disproportionately hosted in low- and middle-income countries, and the length of their displacement is increasing. This highlights the urgent priority of displacement; indeed, it has received sustained attention from the highest levels of global decision-making, particularly since 2016, including two Global Compacts in 2018 (Global Compact for Migration, Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration). Although some have argued that such global summits offer a replacement for meaningful action, these events at least highlight clear political will to shift the emphasis from humanitarian responses to a much longer-term development focus. Interest in social assistance and displacement has also grown since 2018 and resulting policy must respond to this concern for more sustainable responses. High-level commitments are slowly filtering through to policy, while recent research has provided clear frameworks for analysing developing policy approaches. Gaps remain in the analysis of policy implementation and in the assessment of how to access social assistance beyond official state channels.
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Otero-Cortés, Andrea, Ana María Tribín-Uribe, and Tatiana Mojica-Urueña. The Heterogeneous Labor Market Effects of the Venezuelan Exodus on Female Workers: Evidence from Colombia. Banco de la República, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.311.

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We study the labor market effects of the Venezuelan migration shock on female labor market outcomes in Colombia using a Bartik-instrument approach.For our identification strategy we leverage regional variation from pull factors and time variation from push factors. Our findings show that in the labor market, female immigrants can act as substitutes or complements for native-born women depending on native women’s education level; immigrant workers are substitutes in the labor market for native-born low-educated women as they compete for similar jobs. Hence, the low-educated native women’s labor force participation decreases. At the same time, time spent doing unpaid care increases for low-educated native women, possibly further preventing the job search for this group. On the other hand, we find an increase in labor force participation of 1.6 p.p. for highly educated women with minors at home and a 1 p.p. higher likelihood of becoming entrepreneurs due to the migratory shock, which supports the complementary-skill hypothesis. Finally, we don’t find evidence that the migratory shock induced households to outsource more home-production as a means for high-educated women to spend more time at paid work.
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Hamann, Franz, Cesar Anzola, Oscar Avila-Montealegre, Juan Carlos Castro-Fernandez, Anderson Grajales-Olarte, Alexander Guarín, Juan C. Mendez-Vizcaino, Juan J. Ospina-Tejeiro, and Mario A. Ramos-Veloza. Monetary Policy Response to a Migration Shock: An Analysis for a Small Open Economy. Banco de la República de Colombia, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1153.

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We develop a small open economy model with nominal rigidities and fragmented labor markets to study the response of the monetary policy to a migration shock. Migrants are characterized by their productivity levels, their restrictions to accumulate capital, as well as by the flexibility of their labor income. Our results show that the monetary policy response depends on the characteristics of migrants and the local labor market. An inflow of low(high)-productivity workers reduces(increases) marginal costs, lowers(raises) inflation expectations and pushes the Central Bank to reduce(increase) the interest rate. The model is calibrated to the Colombian economy and used to analyze a migratory inflow of financially constraint workers from Venezuela into a sector with flexible and low wages.
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