Academic literature on the topic 'High-level intention understanding'
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Journal articles on the topic "High-level intention understanding"
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Wang, Huilin, and Aweewan Mangmeechai. "Understanding the Gap between Environmental Intention and Pro-Environmental Behavior towards the Waste Sorting and Management Policy of China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 17, 2021): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020757.
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Environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by human activities have attracted widespread attention in recent years, and while citizens’ environmental awareness and intentions have increased, their actions may not necessarily change accordingly. This study aims to understand the intention–behavior gap, based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), by exploring the relationship between intention and pro-environmental behavior on the new waste sorting policy in China. The structural model of extended TPB was tested using sample data from 3113 residents of Changsha, each of whom was asked to complete a two-stage survey. Results demonstrated that perceived policy effectiveness and actual behavioral control positively affect behavioral intention, implementation intention, and pro-environmental behavior. Among them, the actual behavioral control of residents was found to be the most influential factor on behavioral intention and implementation intention, followed by residents’ perceived policy effectiveness. Moreover, behavioral intention and implementation intention mediate the relationship between antecedents and pro-environmental behavior. These findings imply that people with high-level perceptions of policy effectiveness, strong control over actual behavior, strong behavioral intentions, and strong implementation intentions are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behavior. The findings suggest that factors such as perceived policy effectiveness and actual behavioral control should be considered when implementing new policies and campaigns for waste sorting and management.
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Hsu, Meng-Hsiang, Shih-Wei Tien, Hsien-Cheng Lin, and Chun-Ming Chang. "Understanding the roles of cultural differences and socio-economic status in social media continuance intention." Information Technology & People 28, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 224–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-01-2014-0007.
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Purpose – Drawing upon the literature of Uses and Gratifications (U & G) Theory, the purpose of this paper is to propose that entertainment, information seeking, socialization, and self-presentation are the motivational factors affecting continuance intention of social media. This paper further investigates the moderating effects of cultural difference and socio-economic status on the link between these motivational factors and continuance intention. Design/methodology/approach – Data collected from the 493 active users of Facebook in five countries (Australia, Austria, Japan, Taiwan, and the USA) were used to test the proposed model. Partial least squares method was used to assess the relationships in the model and the subgroup analysis method was employed as well to examine the moderating roles of cultural difference and socio-economic status. Findings – Information seeking exerts stronger effect on continuance intention for users from individualistic cultures, while socialization, and self-presentation has stronger influence on continuance intention for users from collective cultures. Entertainment has stronger influence on continuance for high educated users, whereas self-presentation has stronger influence on continuance intention for users with lower level of education. Finally, the effect of entertainment, information seeking on continuance intention is stronger for users with higher level of income, while self-presentation has stronger influence on continuance intention for users with lower level of income. Originality/value – This study is one of first studies to extend the research context of U & G Theory from adoption of social media to continuance intention of social media. This study is also the first to investigate the moderating roles of cultural difference and socio-economic statuses in social media usage behavior simultaneously.
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Hoque, Mohammed Ziaul, and Mohammad Akter Hossan. "Understanding the Influence of Belief and Belief Revision on Consumers’ Purchase Intention of Liquid Milk." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 215824402092297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020922972.
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An unsustainable milk value chain can make consumers’ retention of preferences fragile, leading to a reduction in belief. One of the major ways of changing this belief is “belief revision” which accounts an interaction between a change in an individual’s preference with reference to its source and a belief expectancy and affects consumers’ behavioral intentions effectively. As there is little research on belief revision, the present study aims to investigate the impact of belief revision on purchase intention under an extended model for the theory of planned behavior. In doing so, the data were collected via a survey design regarding buying and drinking of liquid milk (LM) of the urban area. Principal component analysis and the binary logit model were the main research methods employed to analyze the data. The results of the study show that in a high level of belief expectancy, consumers’ behavioral belief revision and control belief have a negative effect, and the strength of behavioral belief has a positive significant effect on the purchase intention of LM. Moreover, among three social cognitive factors (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control [PBC]), only the PBC is associated positively and significantly with the purchase intention of LM, while no modal salient belief (beliefs, belief expectancies, belief values) affects the social cognitive factors. The study fundamentally adds to the literature, in that it first demonstrates the significance of belief revision in assessing the purchase intention.
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Şahin, Faruk, Hande Karadağ, and Büşra Tuncer. "Big five personality traits, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 25, no. 6 (September 2, 2019): 1188–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-07-2018-0466.
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Purpose The literature considers the big five personality traits and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) to be important individual-level factors that determine entrepreneurial intention. However, little is known about the profiles of personal characteristics of individuals who express a high level of entrepreneurial intention. The purpose of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of personal characteristics that contribute to new business start-up intention. Design/methodology/approach Using survey data from two samples, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was performed to extract patterns of personal characteristics (i.e. the big five personality traits and ESE) that impact entrepreneurial intention. Findings The outcomes of the analyses demonstrate that a high level of entrepreneurial intention can be realized through multiple configurations of the big five personality traits and ESE. Practical implications This paper can inform practice on entrepreneurship education. Specifically, the paper includes implications for the development of ESE, and for understanding multiple configurations of personal characteristics that lead to a high level of entrepreneurial intention. Originality/value This paper addresses an identified need to understand how personal characteristics operate conjointly and among individuals.
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Naeem, Muhammad. "Understanding the role of social networking platforms in addressing the challenges of Islamic banks." Journal of Management Development 38, no. 8 (September 9, 2019): 664–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-04-2019-0107.
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Purpose Customers are increasingly interested in reading discussions, experiences, recommendations and reviews on social media platforms related to services and products in which they are highly interested. The purpose of this paper is to find the availability of user-generated content (UGC) in the context of Islamic banks and how it can enhance the level of brand engagement and purchase intention of customers. Design/methodology/approach The methodology for this research is designed by following the features of qualitative research methods and a social constructivism approach. Furthermore, non-directive and semi-structured in-depth interviews are constructed to accumulate research data from marketing teams and customers of Islamic banks. The respondents have been carefully chosen on the basis of purposive sampling and their level of awareness related to Islamic banks. Findings Islamic banks are more frequently using traditional marketing tools that are unable to enhance levels of information among the targeted population and prove an expensive way of marketing. The findings reveal that Islamic banks lag behind in adopting the latest information exchanging technologies compared to conventional banking systems. A lack of skilled people, reputation and trust, lack of e-marketing strategy and lower levels of investment in social media platforms are major barriers to generate UGC, brand engagement and purchase intention among the targeted market of Islamic banks. Practical implications The effective and competent use of various social networking platforms can enhance UGC related to Islamic banking products and services. UGC can generate interactive communication, services reviews, feedbacks, intention to purchase, social influence, social trust and positive customer perception among the targeted population of Islamic banks. The study has summarized and offered practical recommendations to show how Islamic banks can address challenges and enjoy a high level of profitability compared to conventional banking systems. Originality/value The present study uncovered the steps that must be taken by the top management of Islamic banks to enhance levels of awareness, online product reviews and recommendations, e-word of mouth and purchase intentions of the targeted market. The study enhanced understanding regarding how a higher level of investment in social networking platforms, safe and secure banking systems and skilled IT professionals can address the challenges of Islamic banks. Furthermore, these factors can create positive UGC, social influence, social brand engagement and purchase intention of customers in Islamic banks. These primary factors must be considered by Islamic banks to compete with conventional banking products and services.
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Gao, Yanjun, Su Luan Wong, Mas Nida Md Khambari, Nooreen bt Noordin, and Jingxin Geng. "Assessing the Relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Their Acceptance of Online Teaching in the Chinese Context." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 13434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013434.
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This quantitative study investigated the relationship between EFL teachers’ self-efficacy and their acceptance of online teaching in the Chinese context. One online questionnaire, including a self-efficacy scale and behavioral intention scale, was administrated to 293 university-level EFL teachers in China. The descriptive results indicated that EFL teachers at Chinese universities possessed a positive intention to adopt online teaching and relatively high self-efficacy in embracing online teaching. Correlational analyses showed that all four aspects of the self-efficacy of EFL teachers—student engagement, instructional strategies, classroom management, and computer ability—had significant correlations with their acceptance of online teaching. Meanwhile, based on the results of multiple linear regression analyses, EFL teachers’ efficacy in student engagement and instructional strategies were predictors of their intention to teach online. Self-efficacy in classroom management and computer ability did not influence EFL teachers’ acceptance of online teaching. An in-depth understanding of the relationship between self-efficacy and EFL teachers’ behavior and intentions can allow teachers and educators to improve their self-confidence and engagement in online teaching at a pedagogical level and identify patterns in teacher efficiency with respect to language at a theoretical level.
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Jain, Mokshada, Yael Caplan, B. M. Ramesh, Shajy Isac, Preeti Anand, Elisabeth Engl, Shiva Halli, et al. "Understanding drivers of family planning in rural northern India: An integrated mixed-methods approach." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): e0243854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243854.
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Background Family planning is a key means to achieving many of the Sustainable Development Goals. Around the world, governments and partners have prioritized investments to increase access to and uptake of family planning methods. In Uttar Pradesh, India, the government and its partners have made significant efforts to increase awareness, supply, and access to modern contraceptives. Despite progress, uptake remains stubbornly low. This calls for systematic research into understanding the ‘why’—why people are or aren’t using modern methods, what drives their decisions, and who influences them. Methods We use a mixed-methods approach, analyzing three existing quantitative data sets to identify trends and geographic variation, gaps and contextual factors associated with family planning uptake and collecting new qualitative data through in-depth immersion interviews, journey mapping, and decision games to understand systemic and individual-level barriers to family planning use, household decision making patterns and community level barriers. Results We find that reasons for adoption of family planning are complex–while access and awareness are critical, they are not sufficient for increasing uptake of modern methods. Although awareness is necessary for uptake, we found a steep drop-off (59%) between high awareness of modern contraceptive methods and its intention to use, and an additional but smaller drop-off from intention to actual use (9%). While perceived access, age, education and other demographic variables partially predict modern contraceptive intention to use, the qualitative data shows that other behavioral drivers including household decision making dynamics, shame to obtain modern contraceptives, and high-risk perception around side-effects also contribute to low intention to use modern contraceptives. The data also reveals that strong norms and financial considerations by couples are the driving force behind the decision to use and when to use family planning methods. Conclusion The finding stresses the need to shift focus towards building intention, in addition to ensuring access of trained staff, and commodities drugs and equipment, and building capacities of health care providers.
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De Toni, Deonir, Andressa Tormen, Gabriel Sperandio Milan, Luciene Eberle, and Fernanda Lazzari. "Price level and brand knowledge and its effects on purchase behavior." Revista de Administração da UFSM 14, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 632–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1983465944193.
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Purpose: this study aims to examine the impacts of price levels, high level vs. low level, associated to a known brand vs. an unknown brand over fairness perception, symbolism quality and purchase intention.Design/methodology/approach: one pre-experiment is conducted with a 2 (high price level vs. low price level) x 2 (known brand vs. unknown brand) between-subjects design and a sample of 152 jeans customers.Finding: the results indicate that different price levels with brand knowledge or without brand knowledge impact differently over customer behavior, mainly when it comes to quality, fairness, perceived value, symbolic value and purchase intention of the investigated product and that that the relation between symbolic value and purchase intention is totally mediated by the perceived fairness.Practical Implication: by understanding how customers integrate, relate and infer quality, fairness and symbolic aspects to products through their perceptions concerning price levels and brand knowledge levels, it is possible to supply marketing professionals with information that lead to better-informed choices about pricing policy and branding in their companies.Originality/value: among these research contributions, we emphasize the proposition of eleven research hypotheses that aim to better understand customer behavior from the manipulation of two variables: product price level and brand knowledge level and its impact on perceived quality, fairness, symbolism and purchase intention.
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Mumpuni, Restu Ayu, Anita Amaliyah, Fasyiah Noor, Indah Laksmiwati, and Lukki Lukkitawati. "Understanding the intention of generation Z on Netflix and Viu streaming services." ProTVF 5, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/ptvf.v5i2.25995.
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Information and Technological sophistication makes consumer preferences’ change. In the past, TV became the only option if you wanted to watch entertainment. Now, various gadgets was available, offering internet-based entertainments. It is a huge market for wide range of products that enable multiple media consumption through combination on both traditional tech forms of media which allows individuals to retain a high level of control in their media use through on-demand media services like Netflix or Viu.This study aims to examine the affect of generation Z attitude and subjective norm to their intention in using streaming services with perspective explained in Theory of Reasoned Action. Generation Z is the generation who is born in the period of 1995 to 2010. The young people of Z generation very familiar with updated technology since their childhood. They used to modern and sophisticated gadgets intensively. Purposive random sampling was applied to collect the data from Diponegoro University’s student (N= 100). Further, quantitative and qualitative methods were invoked to analyze the data. The records of indepth-interview were transcribed and processed using Atlas TI. The results showed that respondents were likely less an intention nor subjectove norm in using streaming service. Thereafter, this study suggests that the content matters play an important role for generation Z in using streaming service, such as Netflix and Viu.
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Thorman, Dan, Lorraine Whitmarsh, and Christina Demski. "Policy Acceptance of Low-Consumption Governance Approaches: The Effect of Social Norms and Hypocrisy." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 9, 2020): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031247.
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Tackling over-consumption of resources and associated emissions at the lifestyle level will be crucial to climate change mitigation. Understanding the public acceptability of policy aimed at behaviour change in this domain will help to focus strategy towards effective and targeted solutions. Across two studies (n = 259, 300) we consider how policy approaches at different levels of governance (individual, community, and national) might be influenced by the inducement of hypocrisy and the activation of social norms. We also examine the influence of these experimental manipulations upon behavioural intention to reduce consumption (e.g., repair not replace, avoiding luxuries). Dynamic social norm framing was unsuccessful in producing an effect on policy acceptance or intentions to reduce consumption. Information provision about the impact of individual consumption on global climate change increased support for radical policies at the national level (banning environmentally harmful consumption practices) and the community level (working fewer hours, sharing material products, collaborative food cultivation), yet the inducement of hypocrisy had no additional effect. This is in contrast to individual-level behavioural intentions, where the inducement of hypocrisy decreased intentions to engage in high-consumption behaviour. This paper concludes with implications for low-consumption governance.
Books on the topic "High-level intention understanding"
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Claxton, Mae Miller, and Julia Eichelberger, eds. Teaching the Works of Eudora Welty. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496814531.001.0001.
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While recent scholarship has amply demonstrated that Eudora Welty was a writer with cosmopolitan sensibilities and progressive politics, she continues to be categorized as a “regionalist” writer whose works valorize the white privilege from which she benefited. To assume this is Welty’s intention is to misread much of her work. This volume offers ways to navigate Welty’s sometimes complex prose and enriches readers’ understanding of Welty’s era and region. It offers teachers less simplistic approaches to the stories most frequently taught, and it steers them to less familiar texts. In addition, this book seeks to move Welty beyond a discussion of region to reflect new scholarship that “remaps” her work onto a larger canvas. Now more than ever, teachers need guidance in navigating the critical landscape and in preparing to introduce Welty texts to students in varied teaching settings and diverse classrooms. As the essays in this book demonstrate, Welty’s works are being read and taught across the globe. Her works enrich courses taught at many levels, from high school to community college to the university level. This book gives readers a window into the teaching practices of distinguished and veteran scholars as well as those at the beginning of their careers. Their work can guide instructors new to Welty as well as seasoned Welty scholars who are eager for fresh classroom approaches and new material to offer a new generation of students.
Book chapters on the topic "High-level intention understanding"
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Nopnukulvised, Charanya, Laden Husamaldin, and Gordon Bowen. "The Differences of Hedonic Shopping Value and Purchase Intention in the Multichannel Shopping Environment for Apparel Shopping." In Leveraging Computer-Mediated Marketing Environments, 125–42. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7344-9.ch006.
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Multichannel shopping has changed the way that consumers shop by offering them more choice and convenience. The growing competitive apparel market forces retailers to assess their current marketing strategies and their implementation. It is fundamental that multichannel retailers constantly provide high levels of hedonic shopping value through multichannel shopping in order to stimulate purchase. The purpose of this chapter is to emphasize the importance of hedonic shopping value in the context of multichannel shopping (in store, website, catalogue, mobile, and social media). The benefits of this chapter are evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of each channel from the perception of the five channels for apparel shopping based on 18 hedonic shoppers in central London by using semi-structured interviews. The result shows that store and website gain the highest in the level of hedonic shopping value for apparel shopping and those are the most likely channels in which hedonic shoppers intend to shop for apparel in the future, while shopping via catalogue shows the lowest score of both hedonic shopping value and purchase intention. This chapter suggests that exploring the hedonic shopping value that consumers derive across five channels can enhance the understanding of hedonic shopping value in the context of the multichannel shopping environment.
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Golini, Deana L., Seth L. Leibowitz, and Victoria A. Shivy. "Advising the High School Pre-Health Student." In Advances in Medical Education, Research, and Ethics, 328–48. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5969-0.ch016.
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Each year thousands of high school students transition to college with the intent to enter the healthcare professions. Despite their intentions, most will be unsuccessful in meeting this educational and career goal. This chapter discusses some of the reasons why and offers suggestions for filling the gap between high school and college in order to improve students' chances of success. The intent is to highlight these and other gaps that can limit student familiarity with and preparation for college-level classes, as well as students' self-efficacy in career decision-making. Students from backgrounds underrepresented in the healthcare workforce often attend under-resourced high schools, reducing their understanding of and self-efficacy in career decision-making; and most high school students have a limited understanding of the preparation needed to be successful in college. The authors share observations from Virginia Commonwealth University's Health Sciences Academy to show how pre-health advisors can partner with high schools to assist high school pre-health students with their successful transitions to college.
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Bhattacharya, Subhajit, and Vijeta Anand. "An Empirical Study to Find the Road-Map for Understanding Online Buying Practices of Indian Youths." In Global Branding, 359–76. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9282-2.ch018.
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The growing importance & popularity of online buying is very much substantial and quite evident in India these days. In this present study, there is a truthful attempt to identify the component which are having connections with online retail brand association and studding the process to construct brand association with the effects of the different influencers pertaining to online buying. The present study also focuses in explaining how that brand association converts into buying intentions of Indian youth customer. The research is based on empirical data. The outcomes of this current research will be helpful for the online marketers, online store developers, online store promotion managers and consultants to take a deeper look into what best can be done with the online retail brands to generate a high level of connectivity with the Indian youth market.
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Templeton, Toni, Chaunté White, Michelle Tran, and Catherine Horn. "Understanding High Need: Exploring School and District Employment and Retention Patterns of Noyce Scholars in Texas." In Research in Practice: Preparing and Retaining K-12 STEM Teachers in High-Need School Districts. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/aaas.add8019.
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A majority (61%) of Texas’s 5.4 million public school students are from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, ensuring that essentially all districts are serving substantial numbers of students with high need. This study seeks to understand a more nuanced story of Texas’s unique context by exploring the employment and retention patterns of Noyce Scholars at the school level. In particular, this study uses a descriptive analytical strategy to explore the first-year employment and retention patterns of Noyce program graduates from four Texas institutions. When the placement and retention of STEM teachers at highest-need schools were examined, researchers found that Noyce recipients were employed at highest-need schools at a modestly lower rate than their non-Noyce recipient peers (34% to 38%) and were retained into their second year of teaching at those schools at a lower rate than their non-Noyce peers (64% to 73%). Though Noyce participation had no observable association with placement or retention at highest-need schools, as indicated by a lack of statistical difference, more work could be done to ensure that those teachers are going to and staying in classrooms with the highest needs. The sustained federal investment in increasing the supply of quality STEM teachers in high-need districts brought about by the Noyce program continues to be an essential part of that effort. The findings here suggest that future iterations of this program and similarly designed interventions may benefit from increasingly intentional efforts to recruit and retain Noyce Scholars in the highest-need schools.
Conference papers on the topic "High-level intention understanding"
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Zainaddin, Ibrahim. "Enhancing Operational Business Decision Making by Better Understanding Gcc's Oil and Gas Energy Sector Local Content Programs." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22088-ms.
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Abstract Operational business decisions have become more difficult due to the rapid increase in local content programs in the Arab Gulf states. Many companies operate in more than one Gulf country, and therefore, they became committed to many various local content programs. This due to the various obligations to the requirements of these programs. In general, these programs are issued by the local governments. However, a good number of these programs are issued by parastatal and private sector companies as well. These programs contain various requirements. This includes the use of locally made goods and services, local manpower, transfer of foreign technology, establishing research and development centers, and on. To reach the desired goals, companies must spend the largest amount of costs locally. These programs require the interaction of many departments in the companies such as HR, Training, payroll, and procurement. As a result, many companies had established special administrative units to monitor the performance of the local level process. The performance of companies is measured by different and often complicated formulas. The goal is to reach the highest local percentage in the final product. The GCC supply chain localization programs are made to support and drive growth, development, and income diversification for the GCC countries. They have critical impact on GCC business environments due to their supply chain and other legal requirements. Any business decisions need to address the requirements of these programs as local supply chain activities and systems need to fill any expected gaps as mandated by these programs. Investment attractiveness is highly impacted by the rules and regulation imposed by these programs. The legal implications are of very high concern to business leaders as well. Hence, organizations need to take high care and pay great attention to the requirements of these programs. As there is not enough research available about this subject in the industry and academia, this paper was created with the intention to discuss and analyze the different GCC supply chain localization programs and their impact on supply chain decisions. The paper should help leaders to take informed decisions in the GCC market they operate as these programs are evolving at very fast paste. A review of the programs across GCC countries will be presented. These supply chain localization programs cover both the government and private sectors. Programs basics, models, incentive, and achievements will be shown. These programs have some similar concepts and models, but they differ in some other respects. Hence, a comparison will be made across these different programs for similarities and differences. The structures for the government and private sector's programs are somehow complex and require interactions of many areas such as human resources, supply chain, training and development, and research initiatives. The paper will use publicly available resources and market intelligence tools to gain in-depth details for each program as there are not much scientific researches in the industry about this topic. To facilitate the business environment for companies, It is necessary for the governments in the same country and at the level of the Gulf state to unify these different programs Adherence to these programs should not be a hindrance to the current and future investment environment. Companies must be prepared to address the different and possibly newly created requirements as local content programs are getting of a very high attention by all GCC countries.
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Chu, Herman. "Do You Know Your Onboard Temperature Sensing IC?" In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52288.
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It is a common practice in electronic packaging to deploy onboard temperature sensing ICs for thermal health monitoring and control. The IT equipment industry has seen exponential increase in power and power density growth on devices and PCBs. In turn, more and more IC temperature sensors are used in highly complex algorithms and are expected to be highly accurate in predicting the local thermal conditions. In many cases they are even used to correlate to air temperature. However, care must be taken in understanding the different factors that influence the temperature readings of these devices. Some of the factors that have direct impact on the quality of the temperature reading include parasitic heating due to adjacent components and placement location, airflow condition, circuit design in connecting these devices to the board, accuracy and tolerance of these devices. In addition, because of the increase in component power density, the temperature difference between the device temperature, for example junction temperature, and board sensor temperature can be very different and the range can vary a lot as well. In this paper, thermal numerical modeling, as well as empirical work at the system and board levels, was performed to understand the implications of the temperature readings from these devices. Several of the commercially available onboard temperature sensing ICs are compared as well. It is the intention of this work to point out these areas in order for thermal and system design practitioners to intelligently use these devices appropriately. Also, a high-level environmental monitoring and control system (EMCS) policy is illustrated for highly configurable multi-board equipment.
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Lepicovsky, Jan, Martin Luxa, and David Simurda. "Effects of Flow Distortion on Clarity of Interferometer Data." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14378.
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Abstract The goal of the paper is to propose modifications to tested flat cascades that will suppress partial distortions of acquired interferograms in the region of blade leading edges. This improvement will allow more accurate determination of actual flow incidence angles of tested blade cascades, in particular for transonic or supersonic inlet flows. Application of physical probes for such tasks is always in question in transonic or supersonic flows. The paper is composed of three main sections: (a) introduction of the test facility, (b) presentation of the problem with examples, and (c) description of the experimental work. Recommendations for future flat cascade investigations is presented in the paper. The first section is devoted to the introduction and description of the High-Speed Laboratory of the Institute of Thermomechanis of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Attention is paid to the unique large-scale interferometer which is one of the principal research instruments here and which is routinely used for investigations of transonic compressor and turbine cascades. The instrument capability is illustrated by a series of images showing evolution of a sonic line in a transonic cascade as a function of the increasing inlet Mach number. The reasoning for the proposed work is presented in the middle section. The major impetus for the work was to understand the observed discrepancies between schlieren and interferometer images while testing highly-loaded transonic compressor cascades. In particular, the main concern is the relatively wide region of increasing pressure in the shock vicinity recorded on interferograms versus sharp shock wave image visible on schlieren images. It was suggested that these discrepancies are caused by deformation of the shock-wave surface by the growth of secondary flow due to the tunnel endwall effects. It should be stressed here that the intention was not to investigate the pattern or the nature of the secondary flows rather. An idea behind this approach is to move the secondary flows out of the region of interferometer imaging. Finally, in the last section the results of the experiments carried out during the course of this work are presented. The experiments were designed to improve understanding of the origins of interferogram distortions. Further intention was to eliminate or at least lessen the level of interferogram distortions due to the combined effects of the boundary layer interaction and the corner-vortex flow. Wedges of a constant vertex angle of 15 deg of various plane shapes were inserted subsequently in supersonic flow of (Mach number 2) and interferograms of the resulting flow pattern were acquired. It was observed that decreasing the wedge span led to clearing the interferograms of the superimposed distortions. This confirmed the decisive role of the end wall effects on the quality of acquired results. The undistorted interferograms of the inlet flow in the region of the shock structure are needed to determine the actual angle of attack of the incoming flow onto the tested transonic cascade. Based on the presented results it is suggested for the future testing of flat cascades to modify the front part of the blades by appropriate side cut-offs to eliminate interferogram distortions.
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Hurrell, P. R., B. M. E. Pellereau, C. M. Gill, E. Kingston, D. Smith, and P. J. Bouchard. "Development of Residual Stress Profiles for Defect Tolerance Assessments of Thick Section Electron Beam Welds." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28809.
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This paper describes the results of weld model analysis and deep hole-drilling measurements undertaken to evaluate residual stress distributions in austenitic and ferritic steel thick section electron beam welds. The work was undertaken in support of a Rolls-Royce and TWI development programme in the UK, for a Reduced Pressure Electron Beam (RPEB, 0.1 to 1mbar) welding process using a mobile local vacuum seal for the manufacture of thick section pressure vessel and pipe welds for nuclear power plant applications. Measurements were undertaken on representative mock-ups including a 160mm thick SA508-3 forging circumferential seam weld, in both the as-welded and furnace post weld heat treated condition. A 316L stainless steel plate butt weld and a 304L pipe girth weld of 80mm and 36mm thickness respectively were also analysed. There is now considered to be sufficient understanding of the residual stress fields generated by thick Electron Beam (EB) welds, to propose through thickness ‘upper bound’ R6 Level 2 stress profiles for use in defect tolerance assessments. The intention is to incorporate residual stress profiles of this type into the R6 structural integrity assessment procedure, following peer review. This would represent a significant step forward in demonstrating technology readiness for plant applications. It is also anticipated that an ASME Code Case will be drafted and proposed for the RPEB welding process. EB welding is a relatively low heat input process, compared with a multi-pass arc weld, such that the fusion zone and heat affected zone are narrow. The centre of an EB weld is the last region to solidify and cool-down, so typically there is a high degree of restraint to weld metal contraction, thereby generating a highly tri-axial yield magnitude tensile stress state at the mid-thickness location. The stress components acting in the longitudinal welding direction and through-thickness orientation tend to be large in the centre of EB welds of high aspect ratio (depth / width). By contrast, lower stress levels are produced on the surfaces acting transverse to the weld plane compared to conventional multi-pass metal arc welds. The transverse stress component is most likely to be required for the assessment of any postulated EB welding defects. The residual stress field decays rapidly with distance from the EB joint into the adjacent parent metal. Symmetrical stress distributions are typically generated in a 1-pass EB plate weld and stress fields are characteristically sinusoidal of wavelength between 1 and 4 times the section thickness.
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Walsh, Hannah S., Andy Dong, Irem Y. Tumer, and Guillaume Brat. "Detecting and Characterizing Archetypes of Unintended Consequences in Engineered Systems." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22108.
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Abstract When designing engineered systems, the potential for unintended consequences of design policies exists despite best intentions. The effect of risk factors for unintended consequences are often known only in hindsight. However, since historical knowledge is generally associated with a single event, it is difficult to uncover general trends in the formation and types of unintended consequences. In this research, archetypes of unintended consequences are learned from historical data. This research contributes toward the understanding of archetypes of unintended consequences by using machine learning over a large data set of lessons learned from adverse events at NASA. Sixty-six archetypes are identified because they share similar sets of risk factors such as complexity and human-machine interaction. To validate the learned archetypes, system dynamics representations of the archetypes are compared to known high-level archetypes of unintended consequences. The main contribution of the paper is a set of archetypes that apply to many engineered systems and a pattern of leading indicators that open a new path to manage unintended consequences and mitigate the magnitude of potentially adverse outcomes.
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Mallinson, Brenda. "Building Online Education Capacity during a Pandemic - from Concept to Action in Developing Regions." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.4780.
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This paper describes a learning journey which started with a COL-supported webinar series addressing ‘Learning Design leading to Sensitisation for Online Course Development using OER’. The webinar OER materials were hosted on Moodle and required participants to complete a series of related online activities interspersed between the synchronous sessions. The high-level output of this stage was the drafting of an institutional, faculty, or departmental action plan to propagate deeper understanding and new skills at an institutional level. The second stage was the refinement of these Action Plans using a Results-Based Management approach, with the third stage being the COL-supported implementation of these plans. // In a COL collaboration with the Southern African Development Community Centre for Distance Education (SADC-CDE), the first cohort of 39 participants were drawn from four educational institutions: College of Open Schooling (COS) at Botswana Open University (BOU); Institute for Adult Education (IAE) in Tanzania; Lesotho Distance Teaching Centre (LDTC); and Namibia College of Open Learning (NAMCOL). COS BOU, LDTC, and NAMCOL continued this journey through to the final (3rd) implementation stage. // A revised webinar programme was repeated for the West African Sub-region (WASR) under a COL collaboration with the Regional Training and Research Institute for Distance and Open Learning (RETRIDOL). This involved 39 participants from Cameroon, Ghana, Sierra Leone, and the Gambia, drawn from educational institutions and national education ministries. Although this cohort did not progress to the 2nd stage of action plan refinement supported by COL, intentions were to refine plans at a national level for the WASR States. // Throughout the webinar series regular online reflections were encouraged using the Moodle blog, and a final reflection based on the Brookfield Critical Incident Questionnaire was undertaken at the conclusion of each cohort experience. Useful feedback was obtained indicating factors that sparked engagement and what constituted challenges for each cohort. // Finally, findings relating to the two cohorts’ engagement and experience of their journeys are presented, and achievements of participating institutions and countries with reference to their goals and plans are recognised. Lessons learned by the project leader and collaborators are identified, and potential improvements suggested. The projects took place during the Covid-19 pandemic within which all participating institutions and the facilitator were in lockdown in their home countries (2020/2021) and experienced associated challenges.
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Jinzhu Wang, Jinzhu Wang, Jie Bai Jie Bai, Libo Huang Libo Huang, and Huanlei Chen Huanlei Chen. "Autonomous Driving Decision-making Based on the Combination of Deep Reinforcement Learning and Rule-based Controller." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2021-acm-108.
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As autonomous vehicles begin to drive on the road, rational decision making is essential for driving safety and efficiency. The decision-making of autonomous vehicles is a difficult problem since it depends on the surrounding dynamic environment constraints and its own motion constraints. As the result of the combination of deep learning (DL) and reinforcement learning (RL), deep reinforcement learning (DRL) integrates DL's strong understanding of perception problems such as visual and semantic text, as well as the decision-making ability of RL. Hence, DRL can be used to solve complex problems in real scenarios. However, as an end-to-end method, DRL is inefficient and the final result tend to be poorly robust. Considering the usefulness of existing domain knowledge for autonomous vehicle decision-making, this paper uses domain knowledge to establish behavioral rules and combine rule-based behavior strategies with DRL methods, so that we can achieve efficient training of autonomous vehicle decision-making models and ensure the vehicle to chooses safe actions under unknown circumstances. First, the continuous decision-making problem of autonomous vehicles is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP). Taking into account the influence of unknown intentions of other road vehicles on self-driving decisions, a recognition model of the behavioral intentions of other vehicles was established. Then, the linear dynamic model of the conventional vehicle is used to establish the relationship between the vehicle decision-making behavior and the motion trajectory. Finally, by designing the reward function of the MDP, we use a combination of RL and behavior rules-based controller, the expected driving behavior of the autonomous vehicle is obtained. In this paper, the simulation environment of scenes of intersections in urban roads and highways is established, and each situation is formalized as an RL problem. Meanwhile, a large number of numerical simulations were carried out, and the comparison of our method and the end-to-end form of DRL technology were discussed. "Due to its robust operation and high performance during bad weather conditions and overnight as well as the ability of using the Doppler Effect to measure directly the velocity of objects, the radar sensor is used in many application fields. Especially in automotive many radar sensors are used for the perception of the environment to increase the safety of the traffic. To increase the security level especially for vulnerable road users (VRU’s) like pedestrians or cyclists, radar sensors are used in driver assistance systems. Radar sensors are also used in the infrastructure, e.g. a commercial application is the detection of cars and pedestrians to manage traffic lights. Furthermore, radar sensors installed in the infrastructure are used in research projects for safeguarding future autonomous traffic. The object recognition and accuracy of radar-based sensing in the infrastructure can be increased by cooperating radar systems, which consist out of several sensors. This paper focus on the data fusion method of two radar sensors to increase the performance of detection and localization. For data fusion the high level cluster data of the two radar sensors are used as input data in a neuronal net (NN) structure. The results are compared to the localization obtained by using only a single radar sensor operating with an ordinary tracking algorithm. First, different models for chosen region of interests (ROI) and operating mode of cooperative sensors are developed and the data structure is discussed. In addition, the data are preprocessed with a coordinate transformation and time synchronization for both sensors, as well as the noise filtering to reduce the amount of clusters for the algorithm. Furthermore, three NN structures (CNN, DNN and LSTM) for static + dynamic objects and only dynamic objects are created, trained and discussed. Also, based on the results further improvements for the NN performance will be discussed."
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Stevens, Angela, Rachel Gunn, Holly Boyle, Helene White, and Kristina Jackson. "Unplanned vs. planned simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use in daily life: What are the motives, contexts, and outcomes?" In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.08.
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Alcohol and cannabis are commonly used by U.S. college students and often used simultaneously (simultaneous alcohol and marijuana [SAM] use). Better understanding situations in which SAM use is planned or unplanned and related consequences of these distinct SAM use events will inform prevention and intervention efforts. We extended previous daily-level research by examining motives and contexts (social, physical) as indicators of unplanned vs. planned SAM use occasions, as well as by parsing specific plans for alcohol use and for cannabis use on SAM use occasions. Specifically, we examined: unplanned alcohol and marijuana (UAM) use, planned mono-substance (either alcohol or cannabis but not both) use (MSU), and planned SAM use. College student SAM users (N=341; 53% women) were recruited from three U.S. universities and completed 56 days of data collection with five repeated surveys each day. Most SAM use occasions were planned (73% of occasions), followed by planned MSU (18%), and by UAM use (10%). Two-level generalized linear mixed-effects models were conducted to account for nesting of occasions within persons and the three-category nominal outcome. All models included age, sex, recruitment site (school), weekend, and other drug use as covariates. At the within-person level, using for social or enhancement reasons was related to higher odds of planned SAM use (vs. UAM use). These reasons for use were also related to planned SAM use when compared to planned MSU, whereas using because it was offered or to cope was related to lower odds of planned SAM use (vs. planned MSU). Using at home or alone was linked to lower odds of planned SAM use (vs. UAM use), and using at a party, friend’s place, with friends, with more intoxicated people, and with more people using cannabis was associated with higher odds of planned SAM use. An identical pattern was found when comparing planned SAM use to planned MSU. When disaggregating “planned MSU” into planned alcohol use-unplanned cannabis use vs. planned cannabis use-unplanned alcohol use, using for social or enhancement reasons was related to higher odds of planned alcohol-only use. Likewise, using at a party, with friends, with strangers/acquaintances, with more intoxicated people, and with more people using cannabis were related to higher odds of planned alcohol-only use. Using at home or alone was linked to lower odds of planned alcohol-only use. Findings suggest that interventions should target days when college students are planning for SAM use. Mobile health interventions could also focus on higher risk motives (e.g., social) and contexts (e.g., party) that were indicators of planned SAM use, as well as target individuals who endorse using substances to cope or because substances were offered, with these latter individuals being at risk for unplanned SAM use when only MSU was originally planned. Specifically, ecological momentary interventions and just-in-time adaptive interventions could send protective behavioral strategies to individuals endorsing intentions for use and high-risk motives or contexts to reduce the heavy alcohol and cannabis consumption that was associated with planned SAM use.