Journal articles: 'High grade gliomas'

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Chaudhary, Reeta, Nishi Tandon, Andleeb Zehra, Jyoti Jaiswal, Nirupma Lal, and Bandhul Tiwari. "HIGH GRADE GLIOMA IN A 2 1/2 YEAR OLD: A CASE REPORT." Era's Journal of Medical Research 9, no. 1 (June 2022): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2022.18.

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Gliomas are the tumor of glial cells found in Central nervous System. High Grade Gliomas are rare in pediatric age group. Definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological examination. A 2 ½ year old male admitted with the complaint of abnormal tonic-clonic body movements along with headache, nausea, vomiting and fever. CT scan showed a poorly circumscribed hypodense lesion involving frontoparietal region. Surgery was performed and specimen sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological examination showed mfeatures of high grade glioma like microvascular proliferation, necrosis and haemorrhage. Cerebral tumors are the most common childhood neoplastic tumors. Gliomas are generally classified into low grade glioma and high grade glioma. High Grade glioma is rare in pediatric age group. Most commonly they present in supra tentorial compartment. The most common cerebral cortex involved are frontal lobe followed by parietal and temporal. Clinical signs and symptoms of High grade gliomas are seizure, headache, nausea, vomiting and visual disturbances. CT scan showed a poorly circumscribed hypodense lesion involving left frontoparietal region mainly. Definitive diagnosis of high grade glioma is by histopathological examination. Histopathological examination showed hypercellular heterogeneous tumor lying on a fibrillary background. Areas of microvascular proliferation along with necrosis and haemorrhage are also seen. Surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and local radiotherapy are the present recommendation. High grade gliomas are rare pediatric tumor associated with poor outcome. Surgery was performed due to neurological worsening, which was unsuccessful and patient died. Diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination. Poor prognosis and high morbidity even after evolution of treatment, demands further research to improve the prognosis and reduce morbidities.

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Nayak, Lakshmi, and David A. Reardon. "High-grade Gliomas." CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology 23, no. 6 (December 2017): 1548–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/con.0000000000000554.

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de Groot, John F. "High-grade Gliomas." CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology 21 (April 2015): 332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.con.0000464173.58262.d9.

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Leonard, A., J. Wolff, R. Sengupta, J. Marassa, D. Piwnica-Worms, J. Rubin, I. Pollack, et al. "HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS." Neuro-Oncology 14, suppl 1 (June 1, 2012): i56—i68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nos102.

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Haase, Jens. "High-grade gliomas." Surgical Neurology 70, no. 6 (December 2008): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2007.08.008.

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Grau, Stefan. "High-grade gliomas." Lancet Oncology 8, no. 2 (February 2007): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(07)70027-x.

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Nettel, Bárbara, Alma Rosa García, David Gallardo, Gerardo Guinto, Bayron Sandoval, and Iris Angélica Feria-Romero. "High-Grade Gliomas." Contemporary Neurosurgery 40, no. 15 (October 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cne.0000547434.42996.47.

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Theeler, Brett J., and Morris D. Groves. "High-Grade Gliomas." Current Treatment Options in Neurology 13, no. 4 (April 16, 2011): 386–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11940-011-0130-0.

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Nagy, Ádám, Márton Tompa, Zoltán Krabóth, Ferenc Garzuly, Alexandra Maráczi, and Bernadette Kálmán. "Wnt pathway markers in low-grade and high-grade gliomas." Ideggyógyászati szemle 74, no. 9-10 (2021): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18071/isz.74.0349.

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Aberrant activation of the Wnt pathway contributes to differentiation and maintenance of cancer stem cells underlying gliomagenesis. The aim of our research was to determine as to what degrees some Wnt markers are expressed in gliomas of different grades, lineages and molecular subtypes. Nine grade II, 10 grade III and 72 grade IV surgically removed, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded glioma specimens were included. Mutation status of IDH1 codon 132 was defined by immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing in all tumors. Grade II and III astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors were further tested for the expression of p53 and ATRX by immunohistochemistry, and codeletion of 1p19q by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Expression levels of the non-canonical Wnt5a and Fzd2, and the canonical Wnt3a and beta-catenin Wnt pathway markers were determined by immunohistochemistry, and compared between subgroups stratified according to grade, lineage and the presence or absence of IDH1 R132H/C mutations. In the normal brain – grade II-IV glioma comparisons, a gradual increase was observed for the expressions of Wnt5a, Wnt3a, Fzd2 and beta-catenin. In the astroglial and oligodendroglial lineages of grade II and III gliomas, only the Wnt5a expression was significantly higher in the astroglial subgroup. Stratification according to the IDH1 status resulted in a significant increase of the Wnt3 expression in the wild type grade II-IV gliomas. These data extend previous observations and show a correlation of Wnt pathway activity with glioma grade. Further investigations of the Wnt marker expression regulation according to glioma lineage or IDH gene mutational status are in progress by using more exact molecular approaches.

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Miotto, Eliane C., Aluizio Silva Junior, Clemar Corrêa Silva, Hector Navarro Cabrera, Melissa A. R. Machado, Glaucia R. G. Benute, Mara C. S. Lucia, Milberto Scaff, and Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira. "Cognitive impairments in patients with low grade gliomas and high grade gliomas." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 69, no. 4 (August 2011): 596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2011000500005.

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OBJECTIVE: The relationship between brain tumors and cognitive deficits is well established in the literature. However, studies investigating the cognitive status in low and high-grade gliomas patients are scarce, particularly in patients with average or lower educational level. This study aimed at investigating the cognitive functioning in a sample of patients with low and high-grade gliomas before surgical intervention. METHOD: The low-grade (G1, n=19) and high-grade glioma (G2, n=8) patients underwent a detailed neuropsychological assessment of memory, executive functions, visuo-perceptive and visuo-spatial abilities, intellectual level and language. RESULTS: There was a significant impairment on verbal and visual episodic memory, executive functions including mental flexibility, nominal and categorical verbal fluency and speed of information processing in G2. G1 showed only specific deficits on verbal and visual memory recall, mental flexibility and processing speed. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated different levels of impairments in the executive and memory domains in patients with low and high grade gliomas.

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Kim, Junhyung, Min Woo Park, Young Joon Park, Ju Won Ahn, Jeong Min Sim, Suwan Kim, Jinhyung Heo, et al. "miR-542-3p Contributes to the HK2-Mediated High Glycolytic Phenotype in Human Glioma Cells." Genes 12, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050633.

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(1) Background: The elevation of glucose metabolism is linked to high-grade gliomas such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The high glycolytic phenotype is associated with cellular proliferation and resistance to treatment with chemotherapeutic agents in GBM. MicroRNA-542-3p (miR-542-3p) has been implicated in several tumors including gliomas. However, the role of miR-542-3p in glucose metabolism in human gliomas remains unclear; (2) Methods: We measured the levels of cellular proliferation in human glioma cells. We measured the glycolytic activity in miR-542-3p knockdown and over-expressed human glioma cells. We measured the levels of miR-542-3p and HK2 in glioma tissues from patients with low- and high-grade gliomas using imaging analysis; (3) Results: We show that knockdown of miR-542-3p significantly suppressed cellular proliferation in human glioma cells. Knockdown of miR-542-3p suppressed HK2-induced glycolytic activity in human glioma cells. Consistently, over-expression of miR-542-3p increased HK2-induced glycolytic activity in human glioma cells. The levels of miR-542-3p and HK2 were significantly elevated in glioma tissues of patients with high-grade gliomas relative to that in low-grade gliomas. The elevation of HK2 levels in patients with high-grade gliomas were positively correlated with the high levels of miR-542-3p in GBM and low-grade gliomas (LGG) based on the datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Moreover, the high levels of miR-542-3p were associated with poor survival rate in the TCGA database; (4) Conclusions: miR-542-3p contributes to the HK2-mediated high glycolytic phenotype in human glioma cells.

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Kim, Junhyung, Min Woo Park, Ju Won Ahn, Jeong Min Sim, Suwan Kim, Young Joon Park, Jinhyung Heo, et al. "TAMI-47. MIR-542-3P CONTRIBUTES TO THE HK2-MEDIATED HIGH GLYCOLYTIC PHENOTYPE IN HUMAN GLIOMA CELLS." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.830.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The elevation of glucose metabolism is linked to high-grade gliomas such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The high glycolytic phenotype is associated with cellular proliferation and resistance to treatment with chemotherapeutic agents in GBM. MicroRNA-542-3p (miR-542-3p) has been implicated in several tumors including gliomas. However, the role of miR-542-3p in glucose metabolism in human gliomas remains unclear. METHODS We measured the levels of cellular proliferation in human glioma cells. We measured the glycolytic activity in miR-542-3p knockdown and over-expressed human glioma cells. We measured the levels of miR-542-3p and HK2 in glioma tissues from patients with low- and high-grade gliomas using imaging analysis. RESULTS We show that knockdown of miR-542-3p significantly suppressed cellular proliferation in human glioma cells. Knockdown of miR-542-3p suppressed HK2-induced glycolytic activity in human glioma cells. Consistently, over-expression of miR-542-3p increased HK2-induced glycolytic activity in human glioma cells. The levels of miR-542-3p and HK2 were significantly elevated in glioma tissues of patients with high-grade gliomas relative to that in low-grade gliomas. The elevation of HK2 levels in patients with high-grade gliomas were positively correlated with the high levels of miR-542-3p in GBM and low-grade gliomas (LGG) based on the datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Moreover, the high levels of miR-542-3p were associated with poor survival rate in the TCGA database. CONCLUSIONS miR-542-3p contributes to the HK2-mediated high glycolytic phenotype in human glioma cells.

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Young Ji, So, Chae Eun Lee, Tamrin Chowdhury, Jin Wook Kim, and Chul-Kee Park. "SURG-05. EXPERIENCE PROFILING OF FLUORESCENCE-GUIDED SURGERY FOR GLIOMAS." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi240—vi241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.1006.

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Abstract Numerous studies reported a usefulness of 5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) in high grade gliomas. However, fluorescence pattern and intensity is variable among gliomas. In this study, we report our extensive experiences of FGS in various gliomas focusing on epidemiological data of fluorescence pattern. A total of 827 histologically proven glioma patients out of 900 brain tumor patients who had undergone FGS using 5-ALA during the period of 8.5 years between July 2010 and January 2019 were analyzed. Indication for FGS in glioma surgery harbored any evidence of possible high-grade foci at presumed gliomas in preoperative magnetic resonance images (MRI). Among the 827 gliomas, the number of cases corresponding to 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV, III, II, and I are 528 (58.7%), 193 (21.4%), 87 (9.7%) and 19 (2.1%), respectively. In terms of fluorescence rate, grade IV gliomas showed positive fluorescence in 95.4% of cases including strong intensity in 85.6%. Grade III gliomas showed fluorescence in about half of cases (55.0%), while 45.0% of cases did not show any fluorescence. Anaplastic oligodendroglioma had more positive rate (63.9%) than anaplastic astrocytoma (46.2%). Both grade II and I gliomas still showed positive fluorescence in about one-fourths of cases (24.1% and 26.3%, respectively). Among them ependymoma and pilocytic astrocytoma were fluorescence-prone tumors. This epidemiological data of 5-ALA fluorescence in various grades of gliomas provides fundamental reference to clinical application of FGS using 5-ALA in glioma surgery.

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Funes, Pedro Tomás, Daniela Moggia, Diana Lidia Parma, Marcela Ferrer, Florencia Giliberto, and Irene Szijan. "Prognostic value of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and reverse telomerase transcriptase (TERT) in Argentine patients` gliomas." ARS MEDICA Revista de Ciencias Médicas 46, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11565/arsmed.v46i1.1768.

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Background and aim: Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors, and they are classified according to their histopathological and genetic features. Tumorigenesis depends on alterations in different genes. The aim of this study was to identify mutations in IDH1 and TERT genes in gliomas of Argentine patients and to correlate them with clinical features. Methods. DNA was isolated from 19 biopsies with different glioma grades matched with blood samples. IDH1 and TERT mutations were identified by PCR amplification and sequencing. Results. Six out of seven patients with low-grade glioma (grade II) harbor IDH1 mutations, mainly without tumor growth and an overall survival of more than 12 months. Eleven out of twelve patients with high-grade gliomas (grade III/IV) showed wild type IDH1, mainly with tumor growth and shorter survival than low-grade gliomas. Mutated TERT promoter was present in 5 out of 11 high-grade gliomas, showing the prevalence of polymorphic C allele, whereas, low-grade gliomas showed mutated TERT in 1 out of 5 gliomas and a predominance of T allele. TERT and IDH1 mutations were mutually exclusive in most gliomas. Conclusions: Our results show that genetic tests provided more accurate diagnosis than histopathological analysis. Evolution of gliomas can be predicted primarily by the mutational status of IDH1 and secondarily by other markers, such as TERT mutational status, and the patient´s age.

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S., Ajitha J., Teena Jose, and Unnikrishnan G. "Role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in grading of gliomas- a tertiary care centre study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20220279.

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Background: Grading of gliomas is important for the determination of appropriate treatment strategies. MR spectroscopy has found increasing utility in grading of gliomas.Methods: MR spectroscopic imaging was done for the referred patients to obtain Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr ratios. After analyzing histopathology reports, gliomas were classified into low grade and high grade. Histologically proven 54 low grade and 54 high grade gliomas were included in the study. The mean and standard deviation of these variables were obtained and compared between two groups. ROC curve analyses were performed in order to identify the optimal cut-off value for metabolite ratios for prediction purposes of high grade versus low grade gliomas.Results: The mean and SD of Cho/NAA ratio in low grade glioma was 1.93±1.19. The mean and SD of Cho /NAA ratio in high grade glioma was 3.16±1.73 was significantly higher. The optimal cut-off for differentiating low grade and high grade gliomas was 2.15 with a sensitivity of 74.07% and specificity of 66.67%. The mean and SD of CHO/Cr in low grade glioma was 2.05±0.76. The mean and SD of Cho/NAA in high grade glioma was 2.87±1.65 was significantly higher. The optimal cut-off for differentiating low grade and high grade gliomas was 1.98 with a sensitivity of 64.8% and specificity of 64.1%.Conclusions: MR spectroscopy imaging plays a pivotal role in prediction of glioma grade preoperatively and helps in deciding appropriate treatment strategies.

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Pedersen, L. K. "P05.02.A 18F-FACBC PET/MRI in diagnostic assessment of gliomas." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_2 (September 1, 2022): ii36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac174.121.

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Abstract Background and Theory MRI and histopathological tissue sampling are routinely done as part of the diagnostic work-up of patients with glioma. MRI provides anatomical images with high resolution and excellent soft-tissue contrast. But this modality has limitations in identifying tumor grade, true tumor extension and differentiate viable tumor tissue from treatment induced changes. PET can provide quantitative information of cellular activity and metabolism, and may therefore have additional value compared to MRI alone. Objective The aim of this study was to find the sensitivity of [18F]FACBC PET in gliomas, and evaluate if PET imaging with this tracer can improve differentiation between low-and high-grade gliomas. Methods Patients with suspicion of primary (n=19) or recurrent gliomas (n=8) were recruited to this study from St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, and from the University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø. PET acquisitions (30-45 min post injection) using the amino acid radiotracer [18F]FACBC (3 MBq/kg) were performed simultaneously to MRI acquisitions (T1 with and without contrast, FLAIR, and UTE for attenuation correction. The sensitivity of [18F]FACBC PET in glioma detection was assessed using histopathology as reference. Tumor-to-background ratios (TBRs) were compared to tumor subtype and grade to assess the diagnostic value of this tracer for glioma diagnostics. Results Histopathology revealed 2 WHO grade 1 gliomas (pilocytic astrocytoma n=1, pilocytic astrocytoma/ganglioglioma n=1), 7 WHO grade 2 gliomas(astrocytoma n=4, oligodendroglioma n=3), 7 WHO grade 3 gliomas(astrocytoma n=5, oligodendroglioma n=2) and 12 WHO grade 4 tumors(astrocytoma n=1, glioblastoma n=11). [18F]FACBC PET provided a sensitivity of 74.1% in the detection of gliomas. PET uptake was observed in all grade 4 tumors, 5/7 grade 3 tumors, 2/7 grade 2 tumors, and all grade 1 tumors. TBRpeak was high with a median value of 9.4 (range: 2.1-34.9) in PET positive tumors. Only tumors with a TBRpeak > 2.0 were detected with [18F]FACBC PET. TBRpeak was highest for grade 1 gliomas with a median value of 20.6, and increased significantly from grade 2 to grade 4 tumors with median values of 1.7 (grade 2), 6.2 (grade 3) and 12.4 (grade 4) (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.001). Conclusion [18F]FACBC PET demonstrated high uptake in the majority of gliomas, and there was a clear tendency to higher uptake in the higher grade tumors. [18F]FACBC PET may be useful in the differentiation between glioms grades and subtypes. A future study using the same patient data will be performed to evaluate the assessment of [18F]FACBC PET in neurosurgical treatment planning. Image-localized biopsies from different regions of each tumor will be correlated to fused PET/MRI images to evaluate if [18F]FACBC PET can be used to guide surgical resection and to improve accuracy in histopathological tissue sampling.

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Kousi, E., I. Tsougos, E. Tsolaki, K. N. Fountas, K. Theodorou, I. Fezoulidis, E. Kapsalaki, and C. Kappas. "Spectroscopic Evaluation of Glioma Grading at 3T: The Combined Role of Short and Long TE." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/546171.

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Purpose. To evaluate the diagnostic value of 3T1H-MRS in grading cerebral gliomas using short and long echo times.Methods. 1H-MRS was performed on 71 patients with untreated cerebral gliomas. Metabolite ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, and mI/Cr were calculated for short and long TE and compared between low and high grade gliomas. Lipids were qualitatively evaluated. ROC analysis was performed to obtain the cut-off values for the metabolic ratios presenting statistical difference between the two glioma grades.Results. Intratumoral Cho/Cr at both TEs and long TE Cho/NAA were significantly different between low and high grade gliomas. Peritumoral NAA/Cr of both TEs, as well as long TE Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA ratios, significantly differentiated the two tumor grades. Diagnostic sensitivity of peritumoral short TE NAA/Cr proved to be superior over the other metabolic ratios, whereas intratumoral short TE Cho/Cr reached the highest levels of specificity and accuracy. Overall, short TE 1H-MRS reached higher total sensitivity in predicting glioma grade, over long TE.Conclusion. An advantage was found in using short TE over long TE 1H-MRS in the discrimination of low versus high grade gliomas. Moreover, the results suggested that the peritumoral area of gliomas may be more valuable in predicting glioma grade than using only the intratumoral area.

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Germano, Isabelle M. "Introduction: High-Grade Gliomas." Neurosurgical Focus 14, no. 2 (February 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2003.14.2.1.

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Reddy, Alyssa T., and John C. Wellons. "Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas." Cancer Journal 9, no. 2 (March 2003): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130404-200303000-00006.

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Lulla, Rishi R., Amanda Muhs Saratsis, and Rintaro Hashizume. "Mutations in chromatin machinery and pediatric high-grade glioma." Science Advances 2, no. 3 (March 2016): e1501354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501354.

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Pediatric central nervous system tumors are the most common solid tumor of childhood. Of these, approximately one-third are gliomas that exhibit diverse biological behaviors in the unique context of the developing nervous system. Although low-grade gliomas predominate and have favorable outcomes, up to 20% of pediatric gliomas are high-grade. These tumors are a major contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality in infants, children, and adolescents, with long-term survival rates of only 10 to 15%. The recent discovery of somatic oncogenic mutations affecting chromatin regulation in pediatric high-grade glioma has markedly improved our understanding of disease pathogenesis, and these findings have stimulated the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting epigenetic regulators for disease treatment. We review the current perspective on pediatric high-grade glioma genetics and epigenetics, and discuss the emerging and experimental therapeutics targeting the unique molecular abnormalities present in these deadly childhood brain tumors.

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Wong, Shu Chyi, Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin, and Rakesh Naidu. "Anticancer Mechanism of Flavonoids on High-Grade Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas." Nutrients 15, no. 4 (February 4, 2023): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15040797.

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High-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas are the most common and deadliest malignant adult tumors of the central nervous system. Despite the advancements in the multimodality treatment of high-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas, the five-year survival rates still remain poor. The biggest challenge in treating high-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas is the intra-tumor heterogeneity feature of the glioma tumors. Introducing dietary flavonoids to the current high-grade adult-type diffuse glioma treatment strategies is crucial to overcome this challenge, as flavonoids can target several molecular targets. This review discusses the anticancer mechanism of flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, chrysin, apigenin, naringenin, silibinin, EGCG, genistein, biochanin A and C3G) through targeting molecules associated with high-grade adult-type diffuse glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, migration, invasion, autophagy and DNA repair. In addition, the common molecules targeted by the flavonoids such as Bax, Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, caspase-8, caspase-3, p53, p38, Erk, JNK, p38, beclin-1 and LC3B were also discussed. Moreover, the clinical relevance of flavonoid molecular targets in high-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas is discussed with comparison to small molecules inhibitors: ralimetinib, AMG232, marimastat, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. Despite the positive pre-clinical results, further investigations in clinical studies are warranted to substantiate the efficacy and safety of the use of flavonoids on high-grade adult-type diffuse glioma patients.

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Pospíšil, Petr, Tomáš Kazda, Pavel Šlampa, and Radim Jančálek. "Current strategy for treatment of high-grade gliomas." Neurologie pro praxi 17, no. 5 (November 7, 2016): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/neu.2016.060.

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Oslobanu, A., and St I. Florian. "Anatomic locations in high grade glioma." Romanian Neurosurgery 29, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/romneu-2015-0036.

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Abstract The treatment options and prognosis in gliomas could be determined by anatomic topographic location, beside different subtypes of glioma. The aim of this study is to find if any correlation between anatomical location of a glioma and the different subtypes of high grade glioma exist, and if this differences exists, does this influence the treatment options in terms of surgery. To do this, a representative group of 318 adults with high grade glioma was used. The most frequent subtypes of high grade glioma were glioblastoma (76,1%) followed by anaplastic astrocytomas (19,1%), anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (2,2), anaplastic ependymomas (1,2%), anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (0,9%), and anaplastic oligoastrocyomas (0,3%). The most frequent locations of gliomas were in the right frontal lobe in 11,95% of the cases, followed by left frontal in 9,12%, left temporal in 9,12%, right parietal in 8,18%, left parietal in 6,60%, right temporal in 5,66% for one lobe location. For multiple lobe locations the left fronto-parietal and left temporo-parietal (5,03%) were the most frequent locations. Deep-seated locations were present in 1,56% of the cases, and brain stem location was in 3,46%. No significant difference was observed between left or right predominence. Regarding the results among different subtypes of high grade glioma we noted that the anaplastic astrocytomas were more frequently located at the right frontal lobe in 18,03% compare to left frontal and left parietal lobe in 9,83%. In glioblastoma we found no significant differences in anatomical location as seen in anaplastic astrocytomas. These data results from our study could affect the therapeutic strategy regarding the extent of tumors resection.

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Xia, He-chun, Zhan-feng Niu, Hui Ma, Shuan-zhu Cao, Shao-cai Hao, Zhong-tao Liu, and Fan Wang. "Deregulated Expression of the Per1 and Per2 in Human Gliomas." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 37, no. 3 (May 2010): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031716710001026x.

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Background:Growing evidence shows that the deregulation of the circadian clock plays an important role in the development of malignant tumors, including gliomas. However, the molecular mechanisms of genes controlling circadian rhythm in glioma cells have not been explored.Methods:Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry techniques, we examined the expression of two important clock genes, Per1 and Per2, in 33 gliomas.Results:In this study, out of 33 gliomas, 28 were Per1-positive, and 23 were Per2-positive. The expression levels of Per1 and Per2 in glioma cells were significantly different from the surrounding non-glioma cells (P<0.01). The difference in the expression rate of Per1 and Per2 in high-grade (grade III and IV) and low-grade (grade 1 and II) gliomas was insignificant (P>0.05). While there was no difference in the intensity of immunoactivity for Per2 between high-grade gliomas and low-grade gliomas (r=-0.330, P=0.061), the expression level of Per1 in highgrade gliomas was significantly lower than that in low-grade gliomas(r=-0.433, P=0.012).Conclusions:In this study, we found that the expression of Per1 and Per2 in glioma cells was much lower than in the surrounding non-glioma cells. Therefore, we suggest that disturbances in Per1 and Per2 expression may result in the disruption of the control of normal circadian rhythm, thus benefiting the survival of glioma cells. Differential expression of circadian clock genes in glioma and non-glioma cells may provide a molecular basis for the chemotherapy of gliomas.

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Ramina, Ricardo, Erasmo Barros Da Silva Júnior, Maurício Coelho Neto, Leonardo Gilmone Ruschel, and Felipe Andrés Constanzo Navarrette. "5-Aminolevulinic Acid–Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence-Guided Surgery for CNS Tumors." JBNC - JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE NEUROCIRURGIA 27, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22290/jbnc.v27i1.783.

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Introduction: In the last two decades the 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been utilized in primary brain lesions and metastases surgery to aid the identification of tumor limits and infiltration. Objectives: In this retrospective study, we demonstrate our experience with the first 41 cases Latin America of surgical resection of central nervous system (CNS) lesions with 5-ALA. Methods: In 41 consecutive patients, we recorded age, sex, histopathological diagnosis, intraoperative 5-ALA fluorescence tumor response, 5-ALA post-resection resection grade through magnetic resonance image (MRI) and other concomitantintra-operative techniques utilized (transoperative imaging, awake surgery, electrophysiological stimulation and monitoring). Results: Twenty seven high-grade gliomas and 4 non-glial lesions were 5-ALA fluorescence positive; 6 low-grade gliomas, 1 high-grade glioma and a hippocampal gliosis were 5-ALA fluorescence negative. In one case of a low-grade glioma, the patient developed a cardiac arrhythmia, probably not related to 5-ALA administration, but the surgery was suspended. Conclusions: 5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery is a safe and easy technique to be used, increasing tumor total gross resection in glioma cases, proving to be an invaluable neurosurgical tool for intracranial tumor surgery. There was no serious side effect in this series. This dye should be utilized in all cases of high-grade gliomas.

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Rizzo, Daniela, Antonio Ruggiero, Maurizio Martini, Valentina Rizzo, Palma Maurizi, and Riccardo Riccardi. "Molecular Biology in Pediatric High-Grade Glioma: Impact on Prognosis and Treatment." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/215135.

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High-grade gliomas are the main cause of death in children with brain tumours. Despite recent advances in cancer therapy, their prognosis remains poor and the treatment is still challenging. To date, surgery followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide is the standard therapy. However, increasing knowledge of glioma biology is starting to impact drug development towards targeted therapies. The identification of agents directed against molecular targets aims at going beyond the traditional therapeutic approach in order to develop a personalized therapy and improve the outcome of pediatric high-grade gliomas. In this paper, we critically review the literature regarding the genetic abnormalities implicated in the pathogenesis of pediatric malignant gliomas and the current development of molecularly targeted therapies. In particular, we analyse the impact of molecular biology on the prognosis and treatment of pediatric high-grade glioma, comparing it to that of adult gliomas.

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Smith, Nataliya, Debra Saunders, Randy L. Jensen, and Rheal A. Towner. "Association of decreased levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein with OKN-007–induced regression of tumor growth in an F98 rat glioma model." Journal of Neurosurgery 133, no. 6 (December 2020): 1695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.7.jns182435.

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OBJECTIVEHigh-grade gliomas, such as glioblastoma (GBM), are devastating tumors with a very poor prognosis. Previously the authors have found that the nitrone compound OKN-007 (OKlahoma Nitrone 007; or disodium 4-[(tert-butyl-imino) methyl] benzene-1,3-disulfonate N-oxide) is effective against high-grade gliomas in various GBM rodent and human xenograft models. The purpose of the present study was to assess the levels of the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in rodent gliomas treated with OKN-007 as well as determine the expression of LBP in human gliomas.METHODSMicroarray analysis was done to assess altered gene expression following OKN-007 administration in an F98 glioma model. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was incorporated to assess LBP levels in glioma tissues, as well as blood serum, comparing results in OKN-007–treated and untreated tumor-bearing animals. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess LBP levels in varying grades of human glioma tissue sections.RESULTSUpon further assessment of gene expression fold changes in F98 gliomas in rats that received or did not receive OKN-007, it was found that the gene for LBP was significantly downregulated by OKN-007. Further investigation was done to see whether levels of LBP were affected by OKN-007 treatment in F98 gliomas. It was found that LBP could be detected not only in glioma tissue but also in blood serum of F98 glioma-bearing rats and that OKN-007 decreased the levels of LBP. It was also found that LBP levels are highly expressed in human high-grade glioma tissues.CONCLUSIONSLBP could potentially be used as a serum diagnostic marker of treatment response in high-grade gliomas.

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Li, D., Y. Chen, C. Guo, Q. Yang, S. Wu, Y. Xia, J. Zeng, et al. "P03.09 Real world management and prognosis of glioma patients:SYSUCC report from China." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_3 (August 2019): iii26—iii27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz126.090.

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Abstract Background: The conventional way of patient treatment should be following guidelines. While in clinical practice, patients received treatments very often away from suggested guideline. In this report, we reviewed glioma patients received real world treatment at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) and results of this patient series. Methods: Total of 1215 glioma patients received surgery at SYSUCC from 2000 to 2017 were enclosed for analysis. The pathologic diagnosis of patients has followed WHO classification (initially 2007 standard, than 2016 standard). Results: A total of 1001 newly diagnosed brain glioma patients were analyzed, including 90 cases WHO grade I, 307 grade II, 239 grade III and 365 grade IV. The median age of onset was 14 (1–75), 35 (2–69), 41 (8–82) and 50 (2–86) years old, respectively, for grade I, II, III and IV glioma patients. Tumor total resection was achieved in 567 patients (57.5%). Among all patients, 331 high-grade gliomas (54.8%) and 159 low-grade glioma (40.1%) received radiotherapy, whereas 285 high-grade gliomas (47.1%) and 80 low-grade tumors (20.2%) received chemotherapy. Among high-grade gliomas, the median OS of glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma and anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors were 17.7 months (15.7–19.7 months), 33.7 months (24.0–43.4 months) and 110.6 months (43.5–177.7 months), respectively, whereas the median OS of low-grade gliomas was not reach. The 5-year survival rate of grade I, II, III and IV gliomas was 94.7%, 73.7%, 45.1% and 18.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified that onset age, Karnofsky performance status, tumor location, preoperative seizure, pathological subtype, resection extent and post-surgical treatment were independent predictors of OS for patients with high-grade gliomas. Patients received post-surgical radiotherapy and (or) chemotherapy had better survival than those without adjuvant treatment (grade III: 53.3 vs. 20.6 months, p =0.012; grade IV: 22.9 vs. 12.3 months, p < 0.001). For low-grade gliomas, patients’ age, Ki-67 index, tumor subtype and resection extent were associated with clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Glioma patients received treatments do not always following guidelines in clinical practice. Although standard care for patients may beneficial for prognosis, personalized treatment may more acceptable for patients and even resulting better outcome which should keep in mind in routine clinical practice.

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Ahmad, Haroon, Camilo E. Fadul, David Schiff, and Benjamin Purow. "Checkpoint inhibitor failure in hypermutated and mismatch repair-mutated recurrent high-grade gliomas." Neuro-Oncology Practice 6, no. 6 (April 7, 2019): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nop/npz016.

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Abstract Background Recurrent high-grade gliomas in adults remain a deadly cancer with median survival of less than 1 year. In the absence of effective agents, immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has been adopted as a potentially beneficial next step for recurrences with hypermutated or mismatch repair-mutated phenotypes. The rationale for their use, however, is based on case reports and studies with other types of cancer. Methods We reviewed 4 cases of hypermutated or mismatch repair-mutated recurrent high-grade gliomas treated with checkpoint inhibitors. Results All cases had recurrent high-grade glioma that harbored either a hypermutated phenotype and/or a mismatch repair mutation. Treatment with checkpoint inhibitor therapy resulted in no significant response. Conclusions In our experience, hypermutated or mismatch repair-mutated high-grade gliomas in adults do not respond to checkpoint inhibitors alone. This lack of efficacy is in agreement with underwhelming results of clinical trials examining checkpoint inhibitors in high-grade gliomas. The case reports of responders have been in pediatric patients with glioma and are likely a different subtype altogether.

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Colpitts, Kayli, Masoom J. Desai, Michael Kogan, C. William Shuttleworth, and Andrew P. Carlson. "Brain Tsunamis in Human High-Grade Glioma: Preliminary Observations." Brain Sciences 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060710.

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Gliomas make up nearly 40% of all central nervous system tumors, with over 50% of those being high-grade gliomas. Emerging data suggests that electrophysiologic events in the peri-tumoral region may play a role in the behavior and progression of high-grade gliomas. While seizures in the peri-tumoral zone are well described, much larger and slowly propagating waves of spreading depolarization (SD) may potentially have roles in both non-epileptic transient neurologic deficits and tumor progression. SD has only recently been observed in pre-clinical glioma models and it is not known whether these events occur clinically. We present a case of SD occurring in a human high-grade glioma using gold-standard subdural DC ECoG recordings. This finding could have meaningful implications for both clinical symptomatology and potentially for disease progression in these patients. Our observations and hypotheses are based on analogy with a large body of evidence in stroke and acute neurological injury that have recently established SD as cause of transient neurological deficits as well as a fundamental mechanism of ischemic expansion. Whether SD could represent a mechanistic target in this process to limit such progression is a high priority for further clinical investigations.

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Hauser, Peter. "Classification and Treatment of Pediatric Gliomas in the Molecular Era." Children 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8090739.

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The overall survival of pediatric gliomas varies over a wide spectrum depending on the tumor grade. Low-grade gliomas have an excellent long-term survival, with a possible burden of surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy; in contrast, high-grade gliomas generally have a short-term, devastating lethal outcome. Recent advances in understanding their molecular background will transform the classification and therapeutic approaches of pediatric gliomas. Molecularly targeted treatments may acquire a leading role in the primary treatment of low-grade gliomas and may provide alternative therapeutic strategies for high-grade glioma cases in the attempt to avoid the highly unsuccessful conventional therapeutic approaches. This review aims to overview this progress.

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King, Andrew T., Scott A. Rutherford, Charlotte Hammerbeck-Ward, Simon K. Lloyd, Simon M. Freeman, Omar N. Pathmanaban, Monica Rodriguez-Valero, et al. "High-Grade Glioma is not a Feature of Neurofibromatosis Type 2 in the Unirradiated Patient." Neurosurgery 83, no. 2 (July 21, 2017): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx374.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The Manchester criteria for neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) include a range of tumors, and gliomas were incorporated in the original description. The gliomas are now widely accepted to be predominantly spinal cord ependymomas. OBJECTIVE To determine whether these gliomas include any cases of malignant glioma (WHO grade III and IV) through a database review. METHODS The prospective database consists of 1253 patients with NF2. 1009 are known to be alive at last follow-up. RESULTS There was a single case of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; World Health Organization grade IV) in the series and no WHO grade III gliomas. The GBM was in a patient who had previously undergone stereotactic radiosurgery for a vestibular schwannoma. CONCLUSION High-grade gliomas are not a feature of NF2 in the unirradiated patient and should be excluded from the diagnostic criteria.

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Wang, J., X. Liu, WH Hou, G. Dong, Z. Wei, H. Zhou, and YY Duan. "The Relationship between Intra-Operative Ultrasonography and Pathological Grade in Cerebral Glioma." Journal of International Medical Research 36, no. 6 (December 2008): 1426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000803600632.

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The value of intra-operative ultrasound as a tool in guiding resection of cerebral gliomas and the relationship between the appearance of brain tissue on intra-operative ultrasonography and pathological grade of cerebral glioma were investigated in 98 patients who underwent neurosurgical tumour removal. Lesions were classified according to pathological grade. Intra-operative ultrasonography orientated all the cerebral gliomas accurately and helped the neurosurgeon in assessing the tumour prior to removal. All lesions were hyperechoic compared with normal brain tissue, and the majority of lesions displayed irregular shapes and indistinct margins. Different pathological grades of glioma presented different ultrasonographic appearances. The majority of low-grade (I and II) cerebral gliomas were homogeneous, with distinct margins and clear surrounding oedema compared with adjacent brain tissue. High-grade (III and IV) cerebral gliomas mostly exhibited poorly defined borders and central necrosis, and the surrounding oedema was difficult to distinguish from the lesions. Residual tumour or haematoma were identified. In conclusion, intra-operative ultrasonography is of great value in locating and assessing the grade of cerebral glioma, and is conducive to enabling early evaluation and total removal of the lesion.

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Pladevall-Morera, David, María Castejón-Griñán, Paula Aguilera, Karina Gaardahl, Andreas Ingham, Jacqueline A. Brosnan-Cashman, Alan K. Meeker, and Andres J. Lopez-Contreras. "ATRX-Deficient High-Grade Glioma Cells Exhibit Increased Sensitivity to RTK and PDGFR Inhibitors." Cancers 14, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071790.

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High-grade glioma, including anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma (GBM) patients, have a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective treatments. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat these gliomas is urgently required. Given that high-grade gliomas frequently harbor mutations in the SNF2 family chromatin remodeler ATRX, we performed a screen to identify FDA-approved drugs that are toxic to ATRX-deficient cells. Our findings reveal that multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitors cause higher cellular toxicity in high-grade glioma ATRX-deficient cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a combinatorial treatment of RTKi with temozolomide (TMZ)–the current standard of care treatment for GBM patients–causes pronounced toxicity in ATRX-deficient high-grade glioma cells. Our findings suggest that combinatorial treatments with TMZ and RTKi may increase the therapeutic window of opportunity in patients who suffer high-grade gliomas with ATRX mutations. Thus, we recommend incorporating the ATRX status into the analyses of clinical trials with RTKi and PDGFRi.

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Budd, Kaitlin, Chang-Hyuk Kwon, Lawryn H. Kasper, Christopher Roberts, Jordan Roach, Jennifer Ocasio-Adorno, Jon D. Larson, and Suzanne J. Baker. "Abstract IA007: Transforming chromatin: Oncohistone mutations in pediatric high-grade glioma." Cancer Research 82, no. 23_Supplement_2 (December 1, 2022): IA007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.cancepi22-ia007.

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Abstract Pediatric diffuse high-grade gliomas (HGGs) are a heterogeneous spectrum of disease with abysmal survival rates. Approximately half of diffuse high-grade gliomas in children arise in midline structures predominantly the brainstem, but also thalamus, cerebellum and spinal cord. Approximately 80% of these tumors harbor H3 K27M mutations, which result in dramatic depletion of the post-translational modification H3K27me3. Alternative mutations in diffuse midline gliomas can result in similar reduction of H3K27me3, leading to a redefined classification of this collection of tumors as diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered. In contrast, distinct histone H3 mutations, H3.3 G34R/V, are found in approximately 30% of diffuse gliomas arising in the cerebral hemispheres of older adolescents and young adults, defining the tumor subgroup of diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant. The striking spatiotemporal pattern of these histone mutations, termed oncohistones, indicates an intimate association between epigenetic dysregulation, brain development, and tumorigenesis. We will discuss use of genetically engineered and patient-derived models to investigate the contribution of oncohistone mutations to disrupted development, epigenetic dysregulation and gliomagenesis. Citation Format: Kaitlin Budd, Chang-Hyuk Kwon, Lawryn H. Kasper, Christopher Roberts, Jordan Roach, Jennifer Ocasio-Adorno, Jon D. Larson, Suzanne J. Baker. Transforming chromatin: Oncohistone mutations in pediatric high-grade glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Epigenomics; 2022 Oct 6-8; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(23 Suppl_2):Abstract nr IA007.

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Di Stefano, Anna Luisa, Niels Bergsland, Giulia Berzero, Lisa Farina, Elisa Rognone, Matteo Gastaldi, Domenico Aquino, et al. "Facing Contrast-Enhancing Gliomas: Perfusion MRI in Grade III and Grade IV Gliomas according to Tumor Area." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/154350.

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Tumoral neoangiogenesis characterizes high grade gliomas. Relative Cerebral Blood Volume (rCBV), calculated with Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC) Perfusion-Weighted Imaging (PWI), allows for the estimation of vascular density over the tumor bed. The aim of the study was to characterize putative tumoral neoangiogenesis via the study of maximal rCBV with a Region of Interest (ROI) approach in three tumor areas—the contrast-enhancing area, the nonenhancing tumor, and the high perfusion area on CBV map—in patients affected by contrast-enhancing glioma (grades III and IV). Twenty-one patients were included: 15 were affected by grade IV and 6 by grade III glioma. Maximal rCBV values for each patient were averaged according to glioma grade. Although rCBV from contrast-enhancement and from nonenhancing tumor areas was higher in grade IV glioma than in grade III (5.58 and 2.68; 3.01 and 2.2, resp.), the differences were not significant. Instead, rCBV recorded in the high perfusion area on CBV map, independently of tumor compartment, was significantly higher in grade IV glioma than in grade III (7.51 versus 3.78,P=0.036). In conclusion, neoangiogenesis encompasses different tumor compartments and CBV maps appear capable of best characterizing the degree of neovascularization. Facing contrast-enhancing brain tumors, areas of high perfusion on CBV maps should be considered as the reference areas to be targeted for glioma grading.

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Tamber, Mandeep S., and James T. Rutka. "Pediatric supratentorial high-grade gliomas." Neurosurgical Focus 14, no. 2 (February 2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2003.14.2.2.

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The purpose of this review is to highlight some of the pertinent concepts and controversies surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric supratentorial high-grade gliomas. Unlike the adult counterparts, pediatric high-grade gliomas are likely derived from distinct cytogenetic and molecular alterations. Surgery has been shown to play a role in extending patient survival. Some success is associated with the provision of chemotherapy. Radiotherapy remains an important adjunct in children older than age 3 years. The challenges involved in improving the poor prognosis of children in whom these very aggressive tumors have been diagnosed will be discussed, as well as some of the novel approaches being investigated to improve patient survival and quality of life.

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Zustovich, Fable, Giuseppe Lombardi, Nabil Amirouchene, and Davide Pastorelli. "Adult high-grade malignant gliomas." Oncology Reviews 2, no. 4 (December 18, 2011): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2008.195.

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Central nervous system (CNS) malignant gliomas are relatively rare diseases. Prognosis is poor but has improved over recent years due to the improvement in the multi-disciplinary treatment: surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy...

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39

Bleehen, NM, and S. Stenning. "Radiotherapy in high grade gliomas." British Journal of Cancer 60, no. 5 (November 1989): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1989.366.

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Galanis, E., and V. Langrish. "Chemotherapy for high-grade gliomas." British Journal of Cancer 82, no. 8 (April 2000): 1371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.1999.1075.

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Ulutin, Cüneyt. "Chemoradiotherapy in High-Grade Gliomas." Tumori Journal 93, no. 5 (September 2007): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160709300524.

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Classen, C. F., D. William, M. Linnebacher, A. Farhod, W. Kedr, B. Elsabe, S. Fadel, et al. "HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS AND DIPG." Neuro-Oncology 16, suppl 1 (June 1, 2014): i40—i59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nou071.

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Cage, Tene A., Sabine Mueller, Daphne Haas-Kogan, and Nalin Gupta. "High-Grade Gliomas in Children." Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 23, no. 3 (July 2012): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nec.2012.04.007.

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Zustovich, Fable, Giuseppe Lombardi, Nabil Amirouchene, and Davide Pastorelli. "Adult high-grade malignant gliomas." Oncology Reviews 2, no. 4 (November 11, 2008): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12156-008-0080-2.

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Shih, Helen A. "Oncology Scan—High-Grade Gliomas." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 85, no. 2 (February 2013): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.11.017.

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Nieder, Carsten, Nicolaus Andratschke, Nicole Wiedenmann, Raymonde Busch, Anca L. Grosu, and Michael Molls. "Radiotherapy for High-Grade Gliomas." Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 180, no. 7 (July 2004): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00066-004-1220-7.

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Giglio, Pierre, and John Lee Villano. "Newly Diagnosed High-Grade Gliomas." Current Treatment Options in Neurology 12, no. 4 (May 20, 2010): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11940-010-0077-6.

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Sheline, Glenn E. "Radiotherapy for high grade gliomas." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 18, no. 4 (April 1990): 793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(90)90399-5.

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Hölzl, Dorothee, Georg Hutarew, Barbara Zellinger, Beate Alinger-Scharinger, Hans U. Schlicker, Christoph Schwartz, Karl Sotlar, and Theo F. J. Kraus. "EGFR Amplification Is a Phenomenon of IDH Wildtype and TERT Mutated High-Grade Glioma: An Integrated Analysis Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and DNA Methylome Profiling." Biomedicines 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10040794.

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Gliomas are the most common intrinsic brain tumors in adults, and in accordance with their clinical behavior and patients’ outcome, they are graded by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of brain tumors. One very interesting candidate for targeted tumor therapy may be epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification. Here, we performed an integrated comparative analysis of EGFR amplification in 34 glioma samples using standard fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Illumina EPIC Infinium Methylation Bead Chip and correlated results with molecular glioma hallmarks. We found that the EPIC analysis showed the same power of detecting EGFR amplification compared with FISH. EGFR amplification was detectable in high-grade gliomas (25%). Moreover, EGFR amplification was found to be present solely in IDH wildtype gliomas (26%) and TERT mutated gliomas (27%), occurring independently of MGMT promoter methylation status and being mutually exclusive with 1p/19q codeletion (LOH). In summary, EPIC Bead Chip analysis is a reliable tool for detecting EGFR amplification and is comparable with the standard method FISH. EGFR amplification is a phenomenon of IDH wildtype TERT mutated high-grade gliomas.

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Norris, Gregory, Andrew Donson, Sarah Milgrom, Alisa Gaskell, Nicholas Willard, Nicholas Foreman, Ahmed Gilani, and Nathan Dahl. "HGG-17. Novel Fusion in Congenital Brainstem Diffuse High-Grade Glioma." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2022): i64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.232.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Infant-type hemispheric glioma, previously termed infantile glioblastoma multiforme, is a rare infantile neoplasm with improved survival and distinct molecular features when compared to other pediatric and adult-type high-grade glioma. Infant-type high-grade gliomas are typically located in the cerebral hemispheres and are characterized by ALK, ROS1, MET, and NTRK fusions. Typical brainstem gliomas (diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered or diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma) are comparatively rare in this age group. As a result, the biology of brainstem congenital high-grade gliomas is poorly described. RESULTS: A 3 month old female who initially presented with failure to thrive had an apneic event and was found to have an infiltrative mass in the medulla with expansion into the pons and cervical spine on magnetic resonance imaging. She underwent surgical biopsy with pathology revealing diffuse high-grade glioma, WHO grade 4. Next generation sequencing showed no alterations to H3F3A, IDH, or fusions involving BRAF, ALK, ROS1, MET, or NTRK. Whole-transcriptome sequencing revealed a novel fusion of PDGFRB:APOBEC3C. She received chemotherapy with 2 cycles of carboplatin/etoposide and 2 cycles of carboplatin/etoposide/imatinib before having disease progression. She then underwent palliative radiation (35 Gy in 10 fractions) with near complete regression of her disease. Surprisingly, our patient has not had any progression of disease or new lesions now two years from her last therapy. CONCLUSION: Congenital high-grade glioma is a rare, unique entity that greatly differs from its adult and childhood counterparts. Here, we discuss a previously-unreported fusion of PDGFB:APOBEC3C in a patient with congenital brainstem diffuse high-grade glioma with a favorable clinical course. This highlights the importance of routine molecular characterization, both to better understand the complex biology of this rare disease and to guide prognosis and clinical decision making for individual patients and families.

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Journal articles on the topic 'High grade gliomas'

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