Journal articles on the topic 'High Food Prices'
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Chang, Ming-Hsu, and Wen-Bin Chiou. "Psychophysical Methods in Study of Consumers' Perceived Price Change for Food Products." Psychological Reports 100, no. 2 (April 2007): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.2.643-652.
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When adjusting product prices, marketers wish information concerning consumers' price perceptions. The present study aimed to develop an optimal pricing framework for food products by applying Weber's Law and Stevens' Power Law in psychophysics. The first phase attempted to measure the differential thresholds when magnitudes of prices were raised and lowered. The second phase was conducted to establish the psychophysical function representing perceived changes. Analysis showed consumers' differential thresholds were positively correlated with the initial price, consistent with Weber's Law. Further, participants' perceived change differed for increased and decreased prices. Products were perceived as cheaper only when medium-and low-priced products dropped dramatically in price. However, small reductions for the high-priced products were perceived as cheaper. Regardless of price changes, participants perceived products were more expensive when prices dropped by a small amount.
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Ding, Chen, Umar Muhammad Gummi, Shan-bing Lu, and Asiya Muazu. "Modelling the impact of oil price fluctuations on food price in high and low-income oil exporting countries." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 10 (October 29, 2020): 458–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/197/2020-agricecon.
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Oil exporting economies were the most hit by the recent oil price shock that spills on the food market in an increasingly volatile macroeconomic environment. This paper examines and compares sub-samples [before crisis <br />(2000 Q1–2013 Q1) and during crisis (2013 Q2–2019 Q4)] as to the impact of oil price on food prices in high- and low-income oil-exporting countries. We found an inverse relationship between oil and food prices in the long run based on full samples and sub-samples in high-income countries. The story is different during the crisis period: in low-income countries and all the countries combined, oil and food prices co-move in the long run as measured by the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS). Our findings suggest that economic structure and uncertain events (crises) dictate the behaviour and relationship between food and oil markets. Food and oil prices may drift away in the short-run, but market forces turn them toward equilibrium in the long-run. Moreover, low-income countries are indifferent in both periods due to limited capacity to balance the increasing demand for and supply of food items.
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Volpe, Rickard James. "National Brands, Private Labels, and Food Price Inflation." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 46, no. 4 (November 2014): 575–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800029114.
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This article investigates the extent to which national brand and private label (store brand) prices behave differently as food price inflation changes. Empirical tests using a range of indices support the hypotheses that rising commodity and fuel prices lead to relatively larger surges in private label prices. When food prices are rising or high, the average price difference between national brands and private labels shrinks. The findings have implications for understanding the welfare effects of private labels. Moreover, they suggest that food price inflation is stronger for low-income households as food prices rise.
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Ogunmola, Omotoso Oluseye, Abiodun Elijah Obayelu, and Sakiru Oladele Akinbode. "Volatility and Co‑movement: an Analysis of Food Commodity Prices in Nigeria." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 50, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ats-2017-0014.
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AbstractThis study explains volatility as a measure and interaction of the possible movement in a particular economic variable. Prices change rapidly in adjustment to market circumstances. Food prices hike experienced overyears has resulted in widespread menace which led to increase in food price volatility. However, volatility and co-movement had generally been lower for the past two decades than for the previous ones. Wide price movements over a short period of time connote high volatility, rendering the producers and consumers vulnerable. Excess volatility can be subjected to sector ineffectiveness and is commodity specific. Producers and processors are mostly concerned about increased price volatility, which greatly exposed them to unpredictable risks and uncertainty associated with price changes. This study examined the volatility and co-movement of food commodity prices in Nigeria using price series data on rice, maize, sorghum, cassava and yam for the period of 1966 to 2013. The data were analysed using Vector Autoregressive Model to forecast food price volatility and to examine the food commodity prices that Granger cause food price volatility in other food commodities. The GARCH regression model is used to estimate the magnitude of volatility which revealed that, food commodity prices exhibit high volatility and there is persistent increase in prices over the period of study. The Nigerian food commodity prices have experienced high fluctuations over the period; therefore, the study recommends proper storage facilities and infrastructure for the food distribution corporations in Nigeria.
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Harrison, R. Wes. "The Food versus Fuel Debate: Implications for Consumers." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 41, no. 2 (August 2009): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800002947.
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The effects of biofuel production on commodity prices and their transmission to retail food prices are discussed. Factors driving higher commodity prices are tight global supplies and increased demand of corn ethanol in the short term. Evidence suggests that higher corn prices contribute to food price inflation for some food items. These include eggs, poultry, pork, beef and milk. The findings imply that food price inflation for these items is related to increased production of corn ethanol, primarily because of high oil prices. Higher oil prices also increase fuel and energy costs, which increase marketing costs for all food categories.
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Gilbert, Christopher L. "How to Understand High Food Prices." Journal of Agricultural Economics 61, no. 2 (March 1, 2010): 398–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2010.00248.x.
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Akanni, Lateef Olawale. "Returns and volatility spillover between food prices and exchange rate in Nigeria." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 10, no. 3 (April 30, 2020): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-04-2019-0045.
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PurposeEmpirical studies have documented the linkage between exchange rate movement and food prices. However, the purpose of this study is to investigate the degree and direction of returns and volatility spillover transmission between exchange rate and domestic food prices in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses weekly data from January 2010 to January 2019. Also, the study adopts the improved Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) approach to evaluate the return and volatility spillover between food price and naira to dollar exchange rate. The study also account for 2016 exchange rate crash in the interconnectedness between food prices and naira to dollar exchange rate.FindingsThe paper finds evidence of directional interdependence among the considered food prices and exchange rate based on the obtained spillover indexes. In addition, exchange rate returns and volatility transmission to food prices is more than it receives, particularly after the exchange rate crash.Research limitations/implicationsThe high consumption of staple foods requires policies on price stabilisation such as massive investment in local production and reduction in import dependence, in order to cushion the effects of exchange rate depreciation on domestic prices of food.Originality/valueThis study is the first empirical study to investigate the interconnectedness between exchange rate and domestic food prices for a food import–dependent developing country using the Diebold and Yilmaz approach.
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Smutka, Luboš, Michal Steininger, Mansoor Maitah, Eva Rosochatecká, Anna Belova, and Salim Nassir. "Retail food prices in the Czech Republic – the influence of selected factors." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 2 (2013): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361020481.
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During the last decade (2000–2010), we have witnessed an unprecedented rise in food prices, especially from the world and European market viewpoint. The article aims to analyze the development of prices in the food market in the Czech Republic and to identify the influence of global and European prices development on domestic food price development and price development of selected food products. The article focuses primarily on the sensitivity of Czech food price development and especially on sensitivity of the selected commodity aggregations price development on the global and European market price growth. Furthermore, it is analyzed the impact of changes in value added tax rate from 10% to 14% on food prices in general and then on the prices of selected food products in retails network. The results of the analysis are following. The Czech food market reacts sensitively to changes in food prices on the global market as well as on the EU market but the EU price development is determining for the CR. In terms of price response to change in the VAT rate, it appears that the growth rate is not absorbed on the production side but it is largely transferred to consumer prices. The selected food sample also showed high responsiveness in the development of prices to changes in the EU market prices but there are certain variations given by specifics of the Czech market.
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Rezitis, Anthony N., and Maria Sassi. "Commodity Food Prices: Review and Empirics." Economics Research International 2013 (March 17, 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/694507.
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The present paper provides a literature review of studies examining the potential causes and consequences of recent surges in food and agricultural commodity prices. Furthermore, this paper uses the structural trend methodology proposed by Koopman et al. (2009) to analyze movements in the IMF monthly commodity food price index for the period 1992(11)–2012(10) and to provide forecasts for the period 2012(11)–2014(12). The empirical results indicate that commodity food prices present seasonality and cyclicality with the longest periodicity of two years. The empirical findings identify certain structural breaks in commodity food price series as well as outliers. These structural breaks seem to capture the trend component of the price series well, while the outliers take account of temporal effects, that is, short-lived spikes. Finally, the presented forecasts show high and volatile commodity food prices.
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El-Karimi, Mounir, and El-Ghini Ahmed. "The Transmission of Global Commodity Prices to Consumer Prices in a Commodity Import-Dependent Country: Evidence from Morocco." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 67, no. 1 (March 2020): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2020-0002.
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This paper uses the Breitung and Candelon (2006) causality test to examine the effect of global oil and food price changes on the inflation in Morocco over the period from 1998Q1 to 2018Q1. The results show significant transmission from oil and food prices to domestic inflation. Specifically, the food prices are shown more important than oil prices in explaining inflation in the short-run, which reflects the high weight of food in the consumption basket. However, the effect of oil prices on inflation is much more persistent than the effect of food prices. Furthermore, the impact of commodity price shocks on inflation exhibits asymmetries. The oil price hikes affect more weakly the inflation than oil price decreases, whereas the food price increases are more transmitted to inflation than food price decreases. Our findings may provide useful information to researchers and policymakers in formulating more appropriate monetary policy.
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Nikmatul, Khoiriyah, Anindita Ratya, Hanani Nuhfil, Muhaimin Abdul Wahib, and Muhaimin Abdul Wahib. "THE ANALYSIS DEMAND FOR ANIMAL SOURCE FOOD IN INDONESIA: USING QUADRATIC ALMOST IDEAL DEMAND SYSTEM." Business: Theory and Practice 21, no. 1 (June 12, 2020): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.10563.
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Indonesia has been experiencing rising animal source food prices during the last five years (decade). In this paper we explore how changes of animal source food prices impact on their demand Indonesia 2016 as expressed in income and price elasticities. Take into account for changes in consumption patterns, as expressed in substitution and complement effects among food items, by including own and cross price elasticities obtained through the parameter estimation of a demand system using QUAIDS. With respect to the total animal food expenditure, chicken meat, beef, fish and milk are luxury goods, while (only) egg is normal goods. The luxuriousness of chicken meat, beef, fish and milk powder decrease with increasing household income level as expressed in quintile level. The results also show that consumers substitute high value commodities such as chicken meat, beef, fishes and powdered milk in case of rising prices with the cheaper and lower preferences. Consequently, households consume a less diversified diet in times of high animal source food prices, focusing their diet on cheaper animal source food commodities. High value animal source foods play an important role in a diversified and nutritionally balanced diet, since they are rich in proteins and essential amino acid. Animal source food “inflation”, which has been led by high value animal agricultural commodities, therefore threatens to worsen the nutritional status of the Indonesian consumer, especially the lower income level.
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Olbrich, Rainer, and Hans Christian Jansen. "Price-quality relationship in pricing strategies for private labels." Journal of Product & Brand Management 23, no. 6 (September 9, 2014): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-06-2014-0627.
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Purpose – This article aims to close some research gaps by differentiating between brand types and price tiers. Many consumers perceive high prices as signals of high quality, yet researchers tend to find only low average correlations between price and objective quality. Previous studies do not account for market shares and paid prices though. Design/methodology/approach – A German consumer panel with more than 30,000 households reveals market shares and paid prices. Combining these data with product test ratings, the authors evaluate price-quality relationships with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and distinguish food from non-food products, national brands and private labels and three price tiers. Findings – High price-quality correlations for national brands and non-food private labels indicate that a higher price signals greater product quality. For food private labels, negative correlation coefficients inhibit the use of price as a quality indicator. The price-quality relationship for food private labels implies strong competition among brand owners, based on the price and quality of their products. Originality/value – This article investigates price-quality correlations by accounting for paid prices and product market shares; it also reveals differences across food and non-food products, national brands and private labels and different price tiers against the background of competition strategies. By addressing when consumers use price as a quality indicator, it outlines important managerial implications for manufacturers, retailers and consumers.
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Berger, Sebastian, Fabian Christandl, Christina Schmidt, and Christian Baertsch. "Price-based quality inferences for insects as food." British Food Journal 120, no. 7 (July 2, 2018): 1615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-08-2017-0434.
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Purpose Entomophagy (i.e. human insect consumption) is seen as one promising route to substantially reduce food-related carbon footprints as insects can be produced at a fraction of the carbon emitted by traditional Western meat production (e.g. beef, pork, poultry). In this light, the purpose of this paper is to address how prices may affect preferences for insects as food. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on consumer research on “positive” functions of prices (e.g. the widely held belief that price and quality are positively correlated), the authors present two behavioural experiments that manipulated price cues to estimate the effect on expectations, eating behaviour and willingness-to-pay as central preference indicators. Findings Consistent with the predictions, high prices as initial anchors positively affect food preferences. Furthermore, they incur a positive spill-over effect to subsequent consumption of insects that are unprocessed (i.e. truffles in which mealworms are visible in their entity) and for which no price information is available. Additionally, the authors show that the positive effects of high prices on preferences are muted if prices are artificially lowered (e.g. by means of government subsidies, Experiment 2). Practical implications Taken together, the authors show that preferences for novel foods such as insects can be promoted by systematically taking into account behavioural economic theories. This suggests that behavioural theory can be used to reap environmental benefits of entomophagy. Originality/value This research links behavioural economics with the actual consumption of insects and therefore complements survey research on behavioural intentions.
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Gilbert, C. L., and C. W. Morgan. "Food price volatility." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1554 (September 27, 2010): 3023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0139.
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The high food prices experienced over recent years have led to the widespread view that food price volatility has increased. However, volatility has generally been lower over the two most recent decades than previously. Variability over the most recent period has been high but, with the important exception of rice, not out of line with historical experience. There is weak evidence that grains price volatility more generally may be increasing but it is too early to say.
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Onour, Ibrahim. "Dynamics of Crude Oil Price Change and Global Food Commodity Prices." Finance & Economics Review 3, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/finance-economics-review.v3i1.248.
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Purpose: This study investigates the effect of crude oil price fluctuations (price change as well as volatility) on wheat, sugar, corn, and fertilizers price changes.
Methods: The study employs Markov switching dynamic regression, Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC), and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Hetrosekadicity (GARCH) on monthly data covering the period from January 1988 to April 2018.
Results: The findings of the research support evidence of two states. State 1, pertains to the low volatility of crude oil price, and state 2 belong to the case of the high volatility of crude oil prices. Our results indicated that at state 1, an increase in crude oil prices leads to a decline in food commodity prices, while in state 2, an increase in crude oil price levels causes an increase in food commodity prices. Results of Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) GARCH estimates indicate the coefficients of oil price levels are significant and positively associated with the conditional volatility of the four commodity prices.
Implications: The findings of the research imply that volatility in global food commodity prices is not due to oil price volatility but due to the oil price levels attained at extreme points.
Originality: The paper investigates the impact of different volatility levels of crude oil prices on global food commodity prices.
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Zhang, Chengsi, Chunming Meng, and Lisa Getz. "Food prices and inflation dynamics in China." China Agricultural Economic Review 6, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-12-2012-0140.
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Purpose – China has witnessed low and stable consumer price inflation in conjunction with high and volatile food price inflation over the past decade. The purpose of this paper is to examine questions about whether or not the link between consumer price inflation and food price inflation has weakened and the determinants of consumer price inflation. Design/methodology/approach – This paper explores these questions by estimating error correction terms for monetary and external sectors using the Johansen cointegration method. Findings – Empirical results suggest that the link between consumer price inflation and food prices has not been weakened, food price inflation, especially cereal price inflation, remains a significant driving force for overall consumer price inflation, and international food prices also play a significant role in determining China's inflation dynamics. Originality/value – The paper construct a multivariate dynamic model that features the link between consumer price inflation and its potential driving variables. It also develops error correction models for food price, non-food price and consumer price inflation, which can accommodate dynamic interactions among the underlying variables.
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Liang, Rong-Da. "Predicting intentions to purchase organic food: the moderating effects of organic food prices." British Food Journal 118, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-06-2015-0215.
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Purpose – Organic food represents the fastest growing sector in the food market, with outstanding performance in both production and sales. However, existing studies on organic food have lacked a strong theoretical foundation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships among purchase intention and the properties, certification mechanisms, retail channels, and prices of organic food from multiple theoretical perspectives. Design/methodology/approach – Using a rigorous sampling design, 507 valid questionnaires collected from consumers at four well-known organic food markets, and the hypotheses were tested based on a linear structural equation model. Findings – The results of the structural equation model analysis showed the following: consumer attitudes toward organic food labeling/certification institutions had a positive impact on the trust in food labeling; channel dependence positively influenced the relational embeddedness in a channel; the effect of the nutritional value of organic food on environmental protection also had a positive impact on attitudes toward organic foods; attitudes toward trust in the organic label, relational embeddedness in a channel, and attitudes toward organic foods had a positive impact on consumer purchase intentions; and in relation to low-price scenarios, consumers required more confidence to purchase higher-priced goods, meaning that the relational embeddedness in a channel exerted more influence on purchase intentions. By contrast, compared to the high-price scenarios, consumers tended to choose lower priced goods based on personal preferences, e.g., making the purchase decision based on trust in the organic label and attitudes toward organic food. Originality/value – The contributions of this study include the following: the relationships among the variables were investigated comprehensively from multiple theoretical perspectives; and the results can help the government and the organic food industry to understand their respective responsibilities in promoting organic food to reduce the waste of resources, in which the government can provide basic information on organic food, e.g., a certification mechanism and related definitions, while the organic food industry provides specific knowledge about organic foods, e.g., product features.
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Kim, Jaewoo, Meeyoung Cha, and Jong Gun Lee. "Nowcasting commodity prices using social media." PeerJ Computer Science 3 (July 31, 2017): e126. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.126.
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Gathering up-to-date information on food prices is critical in developing regions, as it allows policymakers and development practitioners to rely on accurate data on food security. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing social media as a new data source for predicting food security landscape in developing countries. Through a case study of Indonesia, we developed a nowcast model that monitors mentions of food prices on Twitter and forecasts daily price fluctuations of four major food commodities: beef, chicken, onion, and chilli. A longitudinal test over 15 months of data demonstrates that not only that the proposed model accurately predicts food prices, but it is also resilient to data scarcity. The high accuracy of the nowcast model is attributed to the observed trend that the volume of tweets mentioning food prices tends to increase on days when food prices change sharply. We discuss factors that affect the veracity of price quotations such as social network-wide sensitivity and user influence.
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Tolulope, Jerumeh. "Nature, Trends and Drivers of Food Price Volatility in Nigeria." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 4, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2022.4.6.619.
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The volatility of food prices is an important risk factor which constitutes serious threat to the welfare of millions of people around the world, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. The study therefore investigated the pattern and drivers of food price volatility in Nigeria using annual and monthly time series data from January,2000 to December, 2020. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Coefficient of Variation, Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) model, Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model, and Exponential GARCH (EGARCH). The study reveal volatility clustering between time period 2000 and 2012 but afterwards, the fluctuation observed in food prices was almost muted. Prices of most food items witnessed a forward leap between the periods 2000-2006 and 2007-2012, with the price of rice almost experiencing a threefold rise. Beyond this period, food prices have remained high, clearly surpassing their initial levels in 2013-2020. Returns on consumer price index, lending rates, exchange rate, and food price rate are important drivers of food price volatility in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends the need for an effective and sustainable price stabilization mechanism which involves holding strategic or buffer stock to protect the interest of producers against unstable prices.
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Durevall, Dick, and Roy van der Weide. "Importing High Food Prices by Exporting: Rice Prices in Lao PDR." Journal of Agricultural Economics 68, no. 1 (August 4, 2016): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12179.
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Donkin, Angela JM, Elizabeth A. Dowler, Simon J. Stevenson, and Sheila A. Turner. "Mapping access to food in a deprived area: the development of price and availability indices." Public Health Nutrition 3, no. 1 (March 2000): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980000000057.
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AbstractObjectiveTo develop and map indices to illustrate variation in the cost and availability of healthy food.DesignTwo contiguous wards in London were selected by virtue of their high Carstairs deprivation scores. A 2-km area was defined around a randomly chosen central point. All retail outlets selling food within the area were visited and their location recorded. A list of foods, acceptable to the local ethnically diverse population, which met current dietary guidelines, was devised. Data on the availability and price of 71 food items were collected. Indices were developed using SPSS and mapped using Geographic Information System (GIS) software.ResultsInformation on availability and prices were collected from 199 outlets. The mean price index shows how expensive a shop is relative to other shops in the area. The least cost index shows the relative expense of a shop using the cheapest ways of buying their range of foods. Shorthand indices were tested, using data on 19 of the 71 prices. Availability indices are also discussed, including a green availability index and a fresh green availability index. Illustrative maps of the shop locations and the mean price index and fresh green availability index are shown.ConclusionsData can be collected and indices developed which indicate geographic variation in shop ‘expensiveness’, and in the price and availability of healthy food. GIS software can be used to map these indices, to identify areas with high food prices or low availability.
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Slobodian, Nataliia, and Olena Saukhina. "PRICING AND EXPENSES MANAGEMENT IN FOOD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES." Economic Analysis, no. 28(2) (2018): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.02.176.
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Introduction. The article defines the definition of pricing and determines its main factors. The consumer price index for food and soft drinks in Ukraine has been analysed in recent years. The dynamics of demand for products and the main components of price are observed. The analysis of expenses management on the example of the Private Joint-Stock Company «Konotop Bakery» is carried out. The article reveals the main methods and tools for determining the price and margins in the food industry enterprises. Purpose. The article aims to analyse the approaches to pricing and expenses management in food industry enterprises. Method (methodology). In order to reach the goal of the research we have used the following methods: methods of analysis and synthesis, method of systematic approach, method of theoretical and logical generalization, comparison method, method of factor and structural analysis. Results. The peculiarities of pricing at food industry enterprises have been investigated. Among these methods, which influence the formation of prices, we can distinguish the following ones: the social nature of products of the industry, the scale of state control and regulation of prices, the dependence of prices on products from cost of raw materials, materials prices and high competition. The introduction of new high technologies for the production of competitive products at food industry enterprises in order to compete on the domestic and foreign markets has been recommended. The search of new suppliers of raw materials with lower prices in order to reduce the cost of raw materials and optimize the costs of its production has to be initiated.
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Birthal, Pratap, Akanksha Negi, and P. K. Joshi. "Understanding causes of volatility in onion prices in India." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 9, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-06-2018-0068.
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Purpose Post-2008 global food crisis the prices of perishable high-value food commodities, such as vegetables and fruits, in India have risen faster and become more volatile compared to that of cereals. The welfare consequences of price shocks though are well understood yet the policy responses to manage these remain blurred because of a lack of clarity on their causes. Focusing on onions that comprise an important constituent of the Indian diet, the purpose of this paper is to explore causes of high price volatility. Design/methodology/approach Using high-frequency time series data on wholesale prices and arrivals of onions in major markets and other relevant variables, this paper analyzes causes of price volatility from several angles, that is production shocks, seasonality in production and market arrivals, internal trade, export policies and market power of intermediaries on the supply chain. Findings Despite markets being integrated and no significant climatic shocks to production there exists a strong element of uncertainty in market arrivals of onions, pointing toward the market power immediate downstream the production or alternatively anti-competition trade practices in major markets as a cause of high price volatility. The measures to manage price volatility, such as an increase in minimum export prices and bans on exports, are also not found to have an immediate cooling effect on prices. Research limitations/implications The agricultural policy should provide for a system of market intelligence to monitor anti-competitive trade practices along the supply chain, and to take proactive trade control measures to prevent frequent ups and downs in domestic prices. In addition, it should provide for incentives for developing efficient supply chains and for the cultivation of onions in the regions that have agronomic potential but it has remained underexploited due to one or the other constraint. Social implications Excessive volatility in food prices impacts farmers, consumers, processors, and traders and even political system. It may distort production and investment decisions of farmers and intermediaries on the value chains, leading to inefficient allocation of resources. The poor consumers may be forced to reduce food and non-food productive expenditures. If persists for a longer period, it may lead to political instability too. Originality/value Several studies have analyzed volatility in food prices and causes thereof. However, rarely any of these has examined volatility in prices of perishable high-value food commodities. This paper is an attempt toward filling this gap.
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Smutka, Luboš, Michal Steininger, Mansoor Maitah, and Eva Rosochatecká. "Development in consumer food prices on the Czech market in the context of food prices on the EU and world markets." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2737–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072737.
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This paper discusses the development of consumer prices in the Czech Republic within the context of food prices in the European Union and the global market. The article is identifying the development of the foodstuff consumer prices in the market in the Czech Republic in relation to World and European consumer prices. Subsequently, the development of food consumer prices in the Czech market is analyzed in relation to selected commodities and products marketed in the Czech retail chains. Lastly, the status of individual retail chains in the Czech market is defined and the consumer prices and price differences existing amongst the selected major chains operating on the Czech market are analyzed. In relation to the objectives of this article it is then possible to state the following: prices on the Czech market correlate very strongly, especially in relation to the EU countries markets, but are very weak in relation to the world market. The sensitivity of the Czech consumer prices is very high – it is very flexible towards changes within the framework of the prices levels on the market of the EU but, by contrast, it is completely inflexible in respect to the changes in the prices levels on the world market. The Czech Republic follows the general development price trends existing in the EU countries markets.The growth in food prices on the Czech market is very close to the average growth rate of the food prices index in the EU market. Regarding the prices development on the Czech Republic market, it can be noted that, in relation to particular segments of the commodity food prices, the most dynamic growth was recorded in the case of fruit and vegetables, oils and fats, dairy products, fish and seafood, poultry, beef and cereals and bakery products.It is also important to mention that in the Czech Republic there are no uniform price levels between individual regions. In respect to the nature of the Czech retail market, a comment should be made that on the one hand it is very concentrated – a relatively small number of players control the character of the market – nevertheless, but in comparison with the European average, it can be said that the market is highly competitive, since none of the market subjects clearly dominates. Individual retail chains in their pricing policies more or less follow the general price trends and tendencies, reflecting the development of the domestic market and in, particular, the EU market.
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Ntakyo, Proscovia Renzaho, and Marrit Van den Berg. "Smallholder Food Marketing Behaviour." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 12, no. 1-2 (May 2, 2018): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2018/1-2/10.
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Many farmers in Africa sell their produce at low prices immediately after harvest because they need cash. They could solve temporary liquidity constraints by use of credit and store their produce to sell when prices are high. However, due to various reasons such many poor farmers have been excluded from formal financial services. In response, the informal financial market has expanded, but the question why informal credit has not facilitated storage to enable farmers benefit from intertemporal arbitrage opportunities remains largely unanswered. To answer this question, we investigate the role of informal credit markets and traders in stabilizing seasonal food crop prices. Our analysis is based on a household survey data, and in-depth interviews with key players in the informal credit market and grain traders in rural southwestern Uganda. We find that community-based self-help savings and credit associations provide credit for the majority (62%) of farmers. Informal credit still excludes the very poor and is not sufficient to enable farmers benefit from intertemporal arbitrage opportunities. Thus, poor farmers continue to ‘sell low and buy high’. The study also addresses a related fundamental aspect of food marketing: why is there no competition between traders bidding up prices after harvest and eliminating seasonal price fluctuations? We analyse traders’ costs and profit structure in the study area, and shed some light on imperfections in the grain market and the barriers that limit competition between traders. We find that grain trade is not highly competitive. High transaction costs and limited access to credit are the main barriers limiting competition. Supporting community-based self-help savings and credit associations to raise their portfolio can enable more farmers to borrow at the same time. Investing in infrastructure, organising and supporting small scale farmers to bulk their produce might lower transaction costs, promote competition and dampen price fluctuations.
JEL Classification: D53, O13, O16, Q12, Q13
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Stroebele-Benschop, Nanette, Kerstin Wolf, Katharine Palmer, Casey J. Kelley, and Stephanie B. Jilcott Pitts. "Comparison of food and beverage products’ availability, variety, price and quality in German and US supermarkets." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 3387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020002645.
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AbstractObjective:To assess availability, variety, price and quality of different food products in a convenience sample of supermarkets in Germany and the USA.Design:Cross-sectional study using an adapted version of the Bridging the Gap Food Store Observation Form.Setting:Information on availability, quality, price and variety of selected food products in eight German and seven US supermarkets (discount and full service) was obtained and compared by country.Results:A general tendency for lower prices of fruits and vegetables in Germany was observed, while produce quality and variety did not seem to differ between countries, with the exception of the variety of some vegetables such as tomatoes. Chips and cereals did not differ significantly in variety nor price. In both countries, high energy-dense foods were lower in energy costs than lower energy-dense foods.Conclusions:The influence of food prices and availability on consumption should be further explored, including the impact of country differences.
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Blažková, Ivana, and Pavel Syrovátka. "Price formation and transmission along the food commodity chain." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 4 (2012): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260040031.
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The article is focused on analysis of price transmission along the wheat commodity chain in the Czech Republic, with the distinction on wheat products with low value added (wheat flour), respectively high value added (wheat rolls). The degree of vertical price transmission is measured to identify potential market failures, because asymmetric price transmission can be the result of existence of market power within the food commodity chain. The data basis is made up from monthly prices on partial markets of the analyzed commodity chain published by Czech Statistical Office and Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic. The monitored time period is from January 2000 till October 2009. The analysis is based on calculation of the price transmission elasticity coefficient (evaluation of price transmission along the chain) and the intensity of dependency of positive and negative inter-market price differences (evaluation whether positive or negative price changes are better transmitted among particular vertical markets). Time lag is tested as well. The assessment of price transmission along the wheat commodity chain confirmed the existence of market power especially on the retail stage and low impact of price changes of farm prices on final consumer food prices.
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Lemmerer, Andreas, and Klaus Menrad. "Customers’ use of prices and internal reference prices to evaluate new food products." British Food Journal 117, no. 4 (April 2, 2015): 1411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2014-0270.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the heterogeneous effects of gains and losses on the perception of new products. It seeks to argue that the heterogeneity in these effects (partly) stems from the price-perceived quality relationship which is more important for quality-seeking customers. Design/methodology/approach – A multilevel logit model was applied to household panel data on purchases of new yoghurt and sausage products in Germany. The multilevel model allowed to estimate heterogeneous price effects and accounted for the nested structure in panel data. Findings – Significant variation in the effects of gains, losses, and promotions were found. Internal reference prices (IRPs), which served as indicator of loss-averse vs quality-seeking customers, were found to moderate these effects. Monetary losses have less negative effects for customers with high IRPs. Negative interaction effects of IRPs with monetary gains and promotions indicate that quality-seeking customers are less attracted by gains and promotions. Practical implications – The heterogeneity in the price effects confirms the strategic importance of new product prices to influence customers’ perception of value. The price-quality relationship is an explanatory approach for heterogeneous price effects and should not be neglected in price setting. The inclusion of customer-specific reference price information yields deeper insights into customers’ use of prices to evaluate new products. Originality/value – This study is the first to estimate asymmetric gain and loss effects in the analysis of new product trial. A customer-specific view in price setting is emphasized by taking customer-specific reference prices into account.
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Nurliza, Nurliza. "The Nature of Food Commodity Prices Volatility in Driving Inflation and Policy." Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi 6, no. 1 (February 15, 2017): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4523.
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The objective of research is to analyze the volatility effect of food commodity prices and whether surging food commodity prices have spilled over into food inflation and total inflation with time series data through Box-Jenkins method for 12 food commodity prices. The results have proved that only beef price had high volatility effects and have asymmetric effect. While, soybeans, cooking oil, and food are vulnerable but did not have volatility effects. The change in food commodity prices are significant drive the inflation in the long-term although in the short-term insignificant. The government needs to overcome the full transmission effect of an exogenous shock and to introduce economic reform through investment, infrastructure, and markets for corn and egg for food inflation; eggs and peanuts for total inflation. Besides, strong second-round effects of higher commodity prices on inflation have generally been absent converged to core inflation.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4523
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Thompson, Gary. "641 Consumer Demand for Organic Foods." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 558B—558. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.558b.
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Sales of organic foods at retail have grown at rates from 20% to 35% in many countries throughout Europe, Asia, and the Americas during the 1990s. Yet market shares of organic foods remain quite small, less than 5%of retail value in all countries throughout the world. As mainstream retail outlets have begun to carry and promote organic foods, lack of availability of organic foods has become less of an impediment to consumer demand. The major impediment to continued growth in organic food demand is high price premiums for organic foods over conventional food counterparts. Some of the highest price premiums at retail are displayed by fresh and frozen vegetables and fruit; premiums as high as 250% for frozen green peas in the United States have been recorded. Indirect evidence in the form willingness-to-pay studies and retail pricing experiments indicate that the majority of consumers will not pay such high price premiums for organic fruit and vegetables. Small market shares at retail tend to corroborate consumers' willingness to pay such high prices. How much prices of organic fruit and vegetables would have to be reduced relative to conventional produce in order to increase market shares of organic produce is not clear.
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Thompson, Gary. "International Consumer Demand for Organic Foods." HortTechnology 10, no. 4 (January 2000): 663–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.4.663.
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Sales of organic foods at retail have grown at rates from 20 to 35% in many countries throughout Europe, Asia, and the Americas during the 1990s. Yet market shares of organic foods remain quite small, less than 3% of retail value in all countries throughout the world. As mainstream retail outlets have begun to carry and promote organic foods, lack of availability of organic foods has become less of an impediment to consumer demand. The major impediment to continued growth in organic food demand is high price premiums for organic foods over conventional food counterparts. Some of the highest price premiums at retail are displayed by fresh and frozen vegetables and fruit: premiums as high as 250% for frozen green peas (Pisum sativum L.) in the United States have been recorded. Indirect evidence in the form of willingness-to-pay studies and retail pricing experiments indicate that the majority of consumers will not pay such high price premiums for organic fruit and vegetables. Small market shares at retail tend to corroborate consumers' unwillingness to pay such high prices. How much prices of organic fruit and vegetables would have to be reduced relative to conventional produce in order to increase market shares of organic produce is not clear.
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Holston, Denise, Matthew Greene, and Jessica Stroope. "Perceptions of the Local Food Environment and Experiences with Food Access Among Low Income Rural Louisiana Residents." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_054.
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Abstract Objectives The purpose of this exploratory study was to describe perceptions of the local food environment and factors related to food access among low-income residents in rural, high-poverty parishes (counties) in Louisiana. Methods Data were primarily collected from four focus group discussions (FGD). Participants were low-income residents of high poverty, rural parishes and participating in at least one public assistance program. Subjects provided consent and completed a food access survey prior to participation. The FGD questions were based on rural food access literature and study objectives. During the FGD, participants were asked about their perceptions of the local food environment and local food access, how they acquired food, barriers to food access and possible solutions to address perceived barriers. FGD were transcribed verbatim and coded and themed by independent coders. Results 24 low-income adults participated in the FGD. 96% of participants were Black and 25% were male. Almost half (42%) reported not having enough food per month and 62% (n = 15) reported running out of food before the end of the month. Almost all participants reported that price was the most important factor when shopping for food. The majority of participants, especially in 2 parishes, thought the cost of food was too high at stores within the parish. Barriers to access to foods included cost, transportation, and not having enough benefits or money to cover monthly food costs. The majority of participants, especially in 2 parishes, traveled 30 or more miles to grocery stores for perceived reasonable prices and quality food. Transportation for monthly shopping trips came at a price of $10–$40 per trip. Participants in one isolated parish traveled to other parishes for specific items. Participants reported shopping at 2–4 stores monthly based on sales. Participant- derived solutions to food access were few but included locally owned grocery stores and local, public transit to foods stores for better prices. Conclusions Food access for low-income individuals living in rural locations is complex and contributes to food insecurity observed in this population. Public transit to grocery stores with low prices may be a solution to food access challenges in rural areas. Funding Sources Centers for Disease Control NU58DP006570.
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Moszynski, Peter. "High prices drive down flow of food aid." BMJ 336, no. 7658 (June 19, 2008): 1397.2–1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a372.
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Davis, George C., and Andrea Carlson. "The inverse relationship between food price and energy density: is it spurious?" Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 6 (June 3, 2014): 1091–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014001098.
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AbstractObjectiveAn important debate in the literature is whether or not higher energy-dense foods are cheaper than less energy-dense foods. The present communication develops and applies an easy statistical test to determine if the relationship between food price and energy density is an artifact of how the data units are constructed (i.e. is it ‘spurious’ or ‘real’?).DesignAfter matching data on 4430 different foods from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with corresponding prices from the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion’s Food Prices Database, we use a simple regression model to test if the relationship between food price and energy density is ‘real’ or ‘spurious’.SettingUSA.SubjectsTotal sample size is 4430 observations of consumed foods from 4578 participants from the non-institutionalized US adult population (aged 19 years and over).ResultsOver all 4430 foods, the null hypothesis of a spurious inverse relationship between food price per energy density and energy density is not rejected. When the analysis is broken down by twenty-five food groups, there are only two cases where the inverse relationship is not spurious. In fact, the majority of non-spurious relationships between food price and energy density are positive, not negative.ConclusionsOne of the main arguments put forth regarding the poor diet quality of low-income households is that high energy-dense food is cheaper than lower energy-dense food. We find almost no statistical support for higher energy-dense food being cheaper than low energy-dense food. While economics certainly plays a role in explaining low nutritional quality, more sophisticated economic arguments are required and discussed.
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Pang, Jiaxing, Xiang Li, Xue Li, Xingpeng Chen, and Huiyu Wang. "Research on the Relationship between Prices of Agricultural Production Factors, Food Consumption Prices, and Agricultural Carbon Emissions: Evidence from China’s Provincial Panel Data." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 3136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113136.
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China is a large agricultural country with a high level of agricultural carbon emissions. Whether market prices can be used in agricultural production as a means of agricultural carbon emissions reduction is of great significance to improve the allocation of agricultural production factors and expand large-scale production. This paper applies an autoregressive distributed lag–pooled mean group(ARDL–PMG) model to evaluate the relationship between agricultural production factor prices, food consumption prices, and agricultural carbon emissions, using Chinese provincial panel data from 1994 to 2018. The results show that agricultural carbon emissions and agricultural production factor prices show environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) characteristics; agricultural carbon emissions and food prices show a U-shaped curve; and agricultural production factors are positively correlated with food price in both directions in the long-term. The results of Granger causality tests show that price is the cause of agricultural carbon emissions; the price of agricultural production factors and the price of food consumption are mutually causal. Such results have implications for price, agriculture, and environmental policies. The analysis implies that the market price can be applied to agricultural carbon reduction, which will help policymakers to implement effective price policies in order to reduce agricultural carbon emissions. One implication is that promoting the marketization of agricultural production factors and reducing price distortions will be conducive to carbon emissions reduction in agriculture, which in turn will increase food consumption prices. Therefore, subsidies are needed at the consumption end, which will eventually achieve further carbon emissions reduction at the production and consumption ends.
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Sophal, Chan. "The impact of high food prices on food security in Cambodia." Development in Practice 21, no. 4-5 (June 2011): 718–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2011.561294.
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Gregory, Christian A., and Alisha Coleman-Jensen. "Do High Food Prices Increase Food Insecurity in the United States?" Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 35, no. 4 (October 3, 2013): 679–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppt024.
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Kunyanga, Catherine Nkirote, Morten Fibieger Byskov, Keith Hyams, Samuel Mburu, Grace Werikhe, and Rawlynce Bett. "Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Market Prices and Food Supply in Urban Markets in Nairobi, Kenya." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021304.
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The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented disruption of food systems worldwide, with most governments taking severe containment measures to curb the spread. This resulted in unpredicted negative impacts of the agri-food supply chains coupled with food price inflations. Ultimately, this affected the food security and urban livelihoods for most households, who are dependent on urban markets for food supply. This study examined the implications of the pandemic on food prices and commodities supplies to urban markets conducted through structured interviews. A review of the secondary data was also conducted to show the trends of commodity prices over the last 5 years. The high inflation of commodity prices with a decline in sales volumes was reported by most traders (97%) with decreases in supply quantities. Changes in the consumption behaviour in households was reported by consumers (75%), with 65% experiencing reduced food diversity at home. Households adopted varied coping mechanisms, including reduced food portions (52%), reduced food varieties (44%) and skipping meals (32%). Market prices increased by an average margin of 13.8% for grains and pulses with price decline observed for cabbages (−30.8%) and Irish potatoes (−19.4%). The findings may inform policymakers of additional future shock and pandemic control protocols, whose actions would assure food protection of urban livelihoods.
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Dorosh, Paul A. "Regional Trade and Food Price Stabilisation in South Asia: Policy Responses to the 2007-08 World Price Shocks." Pakistan Development Review 47, no. 4II (December 1, 2008): 803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v47i4iipp.803-813.
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World price shocks and disruptions in international cereal trade in 2007 and 2008 caused considerable anxiety and hardship for food importing countries throughout the world. In many countries, high international food prices raised import costs, reduced total supplies for consumers and ultimately led to lower real incomes and food consumption for poor households. In South Asia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh and India were all affected by these movements in international prices, though the effects on domestic prices in each case was mitigated or exacerbated by each country’s own trade policies, as well as the trade policies of its neighbours. Prior to 2007, the general consensus among most economists and food policy analysts was that openness to international trade, particularly private sector trade, was the most efficient mechanism for stabilising domestic food prices and supplies. In light of the 2007-08 experience, however, many observers have concluded that international markets cannot be trusted and that countries should rely on their own domestic production to ensure national and household food security. This paper argues that liberalised international trade still provides the best mechanism for stabilising prices and food supplies in most years, but that appropriate contingency policies are needed for years in which international prices are extraordinarily high.1 More explicit commitments to cereal trade liberalisation within South Asia would also promote region-wide food security and help avoid a repetition of supply disruptions that raised food prices sharply in Afghanistan and Bangladesh. Section II of this paper briefly
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Holland, Dawn, Ray Barrell, Aurélie Delannoy, Tatiana Fic, Ian Hurst, Ali Orazgani, and Paweł Paluchowski. "World Overview and European Sovereign Debt." National Institute Economic Review 215 (January 2011): F10—F15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950111401130.
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Short-tem inflationary pressures have risen on a global scale in recent months and, given the source of the impulse is commodity markets, this dampens the prospects for growth in 2011 in most countries. Global food prices have been under pressure since July 2010, reflecting poor harvests in many parts of the world. Metals prices have also risen rapidly, while non-food agricultural price inflation accelerated towards the end of the year. We expect average food and other agricultural prices in 2011 to be more than 25 per cent higher than they were in 2010, while metals prices are expected to be more than 30 per cent above last year's average level, as shown in figure 1. The price of oil exhibited moderate inflation through September 2010, but rose sharply in the final quarter of the year. The rise in the price of oil may be a reflection of demand pressures from countries such as China and India, as well as the recovery in demand from advanced economies, while the weakness of the US dollar and an expected tightening of regulation following recent oil spills may also be adding to price pressures. The price of Brent crude currently stands at over $98 per barrel, roughly $19 per barrel higher than was priced into futures markets three months ago. Barrell, Delannoy and Holland discuss the macroeconomic implications of the recent rise in the oil price elsewhere in this Review. If sustained we expect this to reduce growth in the OECD by about ½ per cent this year. The impact on oil-intensive emerging economies such as China and India may be slightly greater, while oil exporters gain from the high price.
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Sipiczki, Zoltán, and József Varga. "Inflation Dynamics and Food Prices in Hungarian Agricultural Economy." Acta Carolus Robertus 12, Különszám (2022): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33032/acr.3436.
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During 2021-2022, many commodity prices rose to record levels. As a result, Hungary in 2022 experiencing high inflation, large trade deficits, and an unstable macroeconomic environment. High commodity prices, particularly for food, also have adverse effects on poverty. Hungary has not experienced for a long time such increase in inflation, which is among the highest in Europe. Inflation growth has recently associated with large energy price shocks, food price increases are traditionally believed to have rather small effects. At the same time, there has been an absence of rigorous work to identify empirically the relative importance of each factor contributing to inflation. It is thus of vital importance to improve the understanding of the causes of inflation in Hungary to allow adequate policies to be put in place. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap and thoroughly analyze the determinants of inflation in Hungary using data for the current decade, with a focus on food prices. The authors identify the relative importance of several factors contributing to overall inflation and its major components. The main finding is that, in a longer perspective, one of the main factors that determine domestic inflation are the food prices. In the short run, agricultural supply shocks strongly affect domestic inflation, causing large deviations from long-run price trends. The results suggest the need for a multi-pronged approach to fight inflation. This analysis suggest monetary and exchange rate policies need to take into account agricultural production, which is among the key determinants of inflation. Moreover it has a greater influence on inflation than is widely known.
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Akbar, Muhammad Faisal, and Izma Fahria. "Study on Identification and Projection of Food Commodity Price Cycles during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period as a Study of Supervision Aspects of Food Product Marketing in Bangka Belitung." Society 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/society.v10i1.322.
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This study examined the projected price of food marketing in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands as a step in deepening the issue of food security due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands had a significant impact on the issue of food security. This was caused by the deficit of several strategic food commodities and caused the prices of this food to increase quite high compared to other provinces in Indonesia, such as several provinces in Sumatra and Java. Therefore, local governments as policymakers have a high enough interest in maintaining prices for strategic commodities, especially food. This study intends to compare the volatility of food prices before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The data used is time-series data on weekly food prices in a traditional Pangkalpinang City market for September 2018 to February 2021. The data analysis technique uses the Vector Autoregression (VAR) method or Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) with the help of statistical software EViews. The results of this study indicate that several important commodities that support community life are predicted to increase significantly, including rice, chicken meat, and chicken eggs. The three food commodities that experienced an increase had a fairly high fluctuation. Beef and red chilies show declining projections in the 8-week forecast period. Meanwhile, cooking oil prices, granulated sugar, shallots, and garlic are still stable.
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Saman, Corina, and Cecilia Alexandri. "THE IMPACT OF THE WORLD FOOD PRICE INDEX ON SOME EAST-EUROPEAN ECONOMIES." Journal of Business Economics and Management 19, no. 2 (September 20, 2018): 268–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2018.5208.
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This paper deals with the dynamic response of exchange rates, inflation and agricultural foreign trade in Bulgaria, Poland and Romania to global food prices. We employ time-varying VARs with stochastic volatility to estimate the behaviour of these macroeconomic variables over the 2001M1–2015M12 period. The original contribution of this paper is that it captures the time variation and nonlinearities of the relationship between variables taking into account food price volatility and its macroeconomic implications. The main findings of the paper are: (i) high global food prices were transmitted to domestic economies causing pressure on inflation in the long run; (ii) in the short run the impact of a positive shock in international food price increases domestic inflation, depreci-ates the currency and reduces the agricultural trade; (iii) the vulnerabilities to global food prices are more pregnant for Romania and Bulgaria; (iv) the difference in the transmission of world prices is related to the different status of the countries as regards food and agricultural trade. The findings of the research would be significant for the governments to promote policies to help farmers respond to the rising of food prices by growing more and responding to export opportunities that may arise.
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Lapalelo, Putra Aditya. "The Pseudo-Low Price’ Trap by "Go-Food and Grab Food" Online Food Delivery Services." Jurnal Spektrum Komunikasi 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37826/spektrum.v10i1.274.
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Delivery service applications such as Gojek and Grab in recent years have become part of the lives of urban people, becoming one of the instruments to fulfill the needs of urban consumers who are called "living in high mobility". Especially the online food delivery service GO-FOOD and GRAB FOOD which promise to fulfill the need for food delivery services at low prices, even with discounts that look fantastic. With all the intents and purposes, these two services are not only able to help solve the problem of "time" for urban residents who are too busy with their activities, but are also provided at low prices so that they are attractive and difficult to ignore. But with some observations, the cheap price of this food delivery service hides academic suspicions, Is it true that this lifestyle has no risk for urban residents?. This question makes a search to see what kind of lifestyle is behind the cheap consumption of this online food delivery service, an important topic to talk about. Especially with the current Covid-19 pandemic where the service business is crucial. This research uses a phenomenological study with observations and in-depth interviews with gojek and grab driver partners, business actors who partner with grab and gojek, to consumers in the Surabaya city area, and juxtaposed it with pop culture and consumer culture perspectives to provide a comprehensive picture of how consumers' lifestyles consume services. - this online service. As a result, it was found that cheap online delivery services and lots of discounts were just a “trap” for consumers. Consumers are being forced to live a “high cost consumption” lifestyle that is shrouded in the label of “low prices and discounts”.
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Yami, Mesay, Ferdi Meyer, and Rashid Hassan. "Should traders be blamed for soaring food prices in Ethiopia? Evidence from wholesale maize markets." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 1 (January 2020): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0140.
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The prevalence of imperfect price transmission in the agricultural food markets continues to be an important policy concern for most countries in Africa. Motivated by the coexistence of soaring food prices and high domestic food production, this article investigates the performance of wholesale white maize markets in Ethiopia during the post-agricultural market liberalization period. The presence of price manipulation in the grain market structure has important welfare implications as it impedes the full transmission of price reductions and increases among marketing intermediaries. Results indicate that regional maize markets adjusted more quickly to price decreases than price increases to the central Addis Ababa wholesale maize market prices, suggesting the absence of positive asymmetric price transmission. Our findings are in contrast with existing studies conducted in southern, western and eastern Africa major food commodity markets.
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Headey, Derek D., and Harold H. Alderman. "The Relative Caloric Prices of Healthy and Unhealthy Foods Differ Systematically across Income Levels and Continents." Journal of Nutrition 149, no. 11 (July 23, 2019): 2020–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz158.
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ABSTRACT Background Relative prices of healthy/unhealthy foods have been implicated in the obesity epidemic, but never extensively quantified across countries or empirically linked to undernutrition. Objectives This study compared relative caloric prices (RCPs) for different food categories across 176 countries and ascertained their associations with dietary indicators and nutrition outcomes. Methods We converted prices for 657 standardized food products from the 2011 International Comparison Program into caloric prices using USDA Food Composition tables. We classified products into 21 specific food groups. We constructed RCPs as the ratio of the 3 cheapest products in each food group, relative to the weighted cost of a basket of starchy staples. We analyzed RCP differences across World Bank income levels and regions and used cross-country regressions to explore associations with Demographic Health Survey dietary indicators for women 15–49 y old and children 12–23 mo old and with WHO indicators of the under-5 stunting prevalence and adult overweight prevalence. Results Most noncereal foods were relatively cheap in high-income countries, including sugar- and fat-rich foods. In lower-income countries, healthy foods were generally expensive, especially most animal-sourced foods and fortified infant cereals (FICs). Higher RCPs for a food predict lower consumption among children for 7 of 9 food groups. Higher milk and FIC prices were positively associated with international child stunting patterns: a 1-SD increase in milk prices was associated with a 2.8 percentage point increase in the stunting prevalence. Similarly, a 1-SD increase in soft drink prices was associated with a reduction in the overweight prevalence of ∼3.6 percentage points. Conclusions Relative food prices vary systematically across countries and partially explain international differences in the prevalences of undernutrition and overweight adults. Future research should focus on how to alter relative prices to achieve better dietary and nutrition outcomes.
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Iqbal, Nuzhat. "Economic Analysis of the Effects of Rice Price Distortions in Pakistan: 1975-90." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 859–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.859-872.
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Price distortions induce inefficient utilisation of resources by giving incorrect signals to producers and consumers. Since distorted prices do not reflect the real value of resources, quantities of goods and services produced may not be consistent with their demand. The price Distortions may be caused by a number of different reasons. They may, for instance, be caused by monopolistic tendencies, preferential treatment of a particular sector of economy, establishment of diffusion of a particular product or an input, etc. In fact, price distortions occur sometimes from deliberate and sometime inadvertent Government policies of subsidies and price supports in pursuance of certain social or economic objectives. Both producers and consumers maximise their economic welfare by allocating their resources in response to price signals from a fully comPetitive market. Since movements in commodity prices especially food prices affect producers and consumers in exactly the opposite way, fixation of their prices in developing countries represents a policy dilemma. While prices of all items used by consumers and .producers are iml?ortant, food prices carry a unique significance in low income countries where the marginal propensity to consume is very high. Since farm producers are also food consumers, the net impact of a food price change in their case will depend on the extent to which they have emerged from a subsistence economy. However, if inputs are subject to price fixation, the impact will be felt more readily and directly. In fact, where there is no Government intervention, prices equilibrate consumer demand with the productive capacities of producers. If prices are distorted by any agency~ their allocative role is seriously diminished. Imperfections of both size and operation being prevailed ultimately induce misallocation of resources in the country. Resource use efficiencies increase, if government restricts its role to ensuring proper functioning of the market and lets the prices to be determined by the forces of demand and supply.
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Dudar, Volodymyr. "Building pricing strategies for enterprises of the organic sector with a view to pursue marketing goals." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(88) (June 6, 2018): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.02.045.
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The paper reveals the essence of price in the market system and the role of pricing / marketing strategies in organic agricultural production. It is pointed out that a price is a key measure of social spending, because it manages the economy through the redistribution of values between economic entities. It is also noted that the dynamics of price movements in the organic sector relates to changes in quality and volume of production, promotion on the market, consumer solvency, product-consumption level, inventory levels and the overall economic situation of enterprises. The research paper presents an analysis of factors and competitive pricing strategies that affect prices of organic agro-food products. Competitive pricing strategies in the price management system are derived on the basis of two criteria: competitive advantages based on price and non-price factors, and the volume of the target market. It is found that in setting prices of organic agro-food products, both internal and external factors should be taken into account. Internal factors include cost price, innovativeness and uniqueness of production, life-cycle stage, and simultaneity between prices and expectations of buyers. External factors are price sensitivity of buyers, price levels of competitors, and macroeconomic conditions, such as inflation, taxes, excise duties, state price policy. Concerning price-quality indicators, a model of marketing strategy for organic agro industrial enterprises is suggested. A certified organic business that holds a leading position in the market often has to pursue a strategy of high quality in which high prices are motivated by quality and safety of organic products. It is concluded that pricing in the organic agro-food market is determined by high cost of production, and high quality and specific product properties play a crucial role for consumers.
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Shao, Ankang, Jirsen Ning, Tsu-Yang Wu, Haonan Li, and Jimmy Ming-Tai Wu. "Designing the Novel Imported Pork Producer Declaration Price Index Using Chinese Customs Import Declarations." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (September 1, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5654482.
Full textAbstract:
Pork accounts for a high proportion of the Chinese population’s meat consumption, and imported pork is heavily traded, reducing supply of domestic pork in the face of continued demand. Global pork markets are becoming more competitive, riding the wind of the bilateral free trade agreement. The World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) compiles prices for other major food categories but does not track changes in the imported pork prices in China. This study has filled this gap by designing the Imported Pork Producer Declaration Price Index (PPI_IPD). Using the well-known Producer Price Index (PPI) model, PPI_IPD is based on the data from Chinese customs import declarations, which has high reliability and reasonableness. For this reason, the index can help governments, enterprises, analysts, and others to conduct analysis for imported pork prices in China and avoid international trade risks. The findings show that proposed PPI_IPD is highly correlated with the Chinese domestic pork market and the pork price industry stock market. The index helps monitor changes in international pork prices and is an effective tool for analyzing and controlling trade risks.
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Zilberman, David, Thomas Sproul, Deepak Rajagopal, Steven Sexton, and Petra Hellegers. "Rising energy prices and the economics of water in agriculture." Water Policy 10, S1 (March 1, 2008): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.049.
Full textAbstract:
Rising energy prices will alter water allocation and distribution. Water extraction and conveyance will become more costly and demand for hydroelectric power will grow. The higher cost of energy will substantially increase the cost of groundwater, whereas increasing demand for hydroelectric power may reduce the price and increase supply of surface water. High energy prices and geopolitical considerations drive investment in land-and water-intensive biofuel technology, diverting land and water supplies to energy production at the expense of food production. Thus, rising energy prices will alter the allocation of water, increase the price of food and may have negative distributional effects. The impact of rising energy prices and the introduction of biofuels can be partly offset by the development and adoption of new technologies, including biotechnology. The models considered here can be used to determine the effects of rising energy prices on inputs, outputs, allocation decisions and impact on distribution.