Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'High Court'

An overview is given of the difficulties surrounding the concurrent jurisdiction of the Labour Court and High Court The main categories of the jurisdictional dispute are identified and systemised. The main branches are those of statutory overlap and interpretation of statutes. Statutory overlap concerns matters remaining from the industrial court era, urgent applications, delict and law of contract. Statutory interpretation mainly involves the interpretation of provisions in the Bill of Rights of the Constitution. An overview of the principles of jurisdiction with respect to the different courts, as well as a brief historical review of the development of such jurisdiction is given. Particular attention is given to the role of fundamental rights in the Constitution. Broad principles are identified whereby the difficulties may be addressed.

The High Court of Australia is a seminal work of architecture, recognised nationally after twenty-five years by the Royal Australian Institute of Architects 'Enduring Architecture' award, and internationally, as one of only ten Australian buildings registered on the Union of International Architects 'Architectural Heritage of the 20th Century'. Since its construction in 1980, the design of the High Court has been consistently ascribed to the architect Colin Madigan – a director of the firm Edwards Madigan Torzillo and Briggs. It is said to embody a 'unity of concept' with Madigan's National Gallery, and to accord with 'universal' principles, geometric 'design laws' and the 'craft-based attitude' of 'Madigan's architecture'. Such sustained references have effectively established a dominant and institutionally sanctioned narrative. A body of other acclaimed work produced by the firm is similarly construed as Madigan's oeuvre. In fact, the design of the High Court resulted from a national competition held between 1972 and 1973. Documented evidence credits its 'Design Team' and identifies architect Christopher Kringas as the 'Director in Charge'. The stated 'Design Concept' does not mention universal principles or geometric laws, nor does the High Court's architectonic design accord with such descriptors. Kringas's design role is further evident in the firm's most significant work. This thesis traces and critically reviews the prevailing narrative of the design of the High Court. Behind-the-scenes correspondence, original archives and oral histories expose machinations around its authorship and build a counter-narrative that re-contextualises the High Court according to Brutalist ideology, nation building agendas, individual agency and design experimentation, crystallised by an architectural competition. An alternate reading of the High Court design is developed, pointing to a radicalisation and shift of the Brutalist agenda, and salient innovations previously unexamined.

This thesis examines the construct of 'high conflict' as it is currently applied to children's cases in the Family Court. Underpinned primarily by psychological understandings of separation and post-separation conflict, notions of 'high conflict' have been the dominant framework used to understand and work with difficult cases involving parenting after separation in the Family Court of Australia. However, from a social work perspective, many 'lenses' were available with which to view post-separation conflict: the social, the legal, the psychological and the overlapping categories of the socio-legal and the psycho-social. These have been used to critically interrogate the concept of 'high conflict'. This mixed methods study was designed to investigate whether 'high conflict' can be predicted, so that these cases may be able to be more effectively managed by the Family Court. Consistent with a mixed methods approach, the research has moved through various phases. Firstly a large group (one-hundred-and-sixty) of parent litigants in children's cases was selected and surveyed, and the legal matter tracked through the Court in order to ascertain the ease or difficulty of settlement. Matters that took over twelve months to settle were designated 'high conflict'. The 'high conflict' litigants were compared with litigants whose matters settled relatively quickly, on a large number of variables collected from the survey, to see if they differed in significant ways from each other. Secondly all litigants in the cohort were interviewed about their settlement behaviour to see if there were differences between 'settlers' and 'non-settlers' in their understandings of the settlement (or lack of it) which might provide insights into 'high conflict'. Thirdly, a sub-sample often litigants whose cases were marked by long duration or marked intensity were interviewed in-depth to explore their post-separation experiences including litigation. The interviews were analysed thematically to see if common themes, understandings or meanings emerged. Finally, a sub-sample of cases for which both parents had responded to the survey was analysed, using some of the variables of interest which had emerged from the previous investigations. The distinguishing feature of this latter investigation was that data from both parties was available. From the large body of data which was generated, the following findings were made: In relation to the initial survey data, which was analysed quantitatively to yield correlates of cases that took over twelve months to settle, knowing these correlates was of little assistance for prediction. The follow-up in-depth data from the large sample of parent litigants proved to have explanatory value but not predictive value. Some common themes and meanings emerged from the experiences of individuals in the small sample who were interviewed in depth, accentuating the complexity of the phenomenon being studied. The predictive capacity of these themes was evaluated and critiqued. The data from the parent-dyads was found to have explanatory value and arguably some predictive value, but above all highlighted the complexity of post-separation disputes about children. This research has demonstrated the problematic nature of the construct of 'high conflict'. The ultimate conclusion, that one must move beyond categorical and dichotomous ways of thinking when researching this field, is a somewhat surprising and radical one, which issues its own challenge to researchers and practitioners in this field.

The nonuse of community correction in the Nigeria criminal justice system has led to increased recidivism, contributed to prison congestion, introduced the risk of prison victimization, and lacked the provision of a rehabilitative structure for nonviolent offenders. The purpose of this phenomenological research study was to explore Nigerian judges’ use of alternatives to incarcerations for nonviolent offenders. Dolinko retributive punishment theory provided the theoretical framework for this study. Ten participant judges comprised the study sample from a purposeful and criterion random sampling method. Data were collected from participants through structured interviews and were coded manually, sorted, and analyzed using the Saldana data coding process framework. According to study findings, judges were inclined to use alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent offenders. Also, community correction could reduce overcrowding in prisons and provide the opportunity for self-improvement for nonviolent offenders supervised in the community. The implications for positive social change include a better understanding and implementation of community corrections for Nigeria judiciary and policymakers and the use of alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent offenders, which would improve rehabilitation, reformation, and reintegration of offenders into society.

Political Science
Ph.D.
Despite well documented evidence that both the level and diversity of amicus participation in state high courts have been growing, we know little about whether or under what conditions amicus briefs have an impact on court outcomes. This dissertation investigates how interest groups attempt to influence state supreme courts through their participation as amicus curiae. Using an original dataset assembled from content analysis of more than 2300 state supreme court decisions handed down between 1995 and 2010 and spanning three distinct areas of law - products liability, environmental law, and free speech/expression - I find that amicus briefs submitted by interest groups have the most influence over judicial outcomes in areas of law where interest groups routinely make large-scale donations to judicial campaigns. These results raise serious concerns about the influence of big money in judicial elections. The second part of this dissertation tests two competing theories of amicus influence to determine how state high court judges utilize amicus brief information in judicial decision making. The informational theory assumes the influence of amicus brief information to be evenly distributed across judges. However, theories of confirmation bias and motivated reasoning suggest that the information in amicus briefs may be received and evaluated differently depending upon the ideological predispositions of individual judges. Using multi-level modeling, I analyze the votes of more than 12,000 individual state high court judges to determine whether judge ideology conditions the influence of amicus briefs such that judges are more receptive to pro-attitudinal information contained in briefs from interest groups that share their predispositions. Results suggest that method of judicial retention and area of case law structures the mechanism of amicus brief influence. Amicus briefs appear to play an informational role in complex areas of case law but the presence of competitive judicial elections appear to alter the mechanism of amicus brief influence such that judicial responsiveness to amicus briefs is more closely tied to the reelection and campaign fundraising considerations of individual judges. The final portion of this dissertation investigates the case-level and court-level factors that attract interest group participation as amicus curiae in state high courts in order to better our understanding of interest group strategies when engaging state judiciaries. This paper tests the hypothesis that groups strategically target cases that will best serve the policy and institutional interests of the group, while focusing group resources on cases and courts where they are most likely to be successful. Results indicate that both liberal and conservative groups target state high courts that are elected through competitive and retention election processes rather than those that are appointed, suggesting that interest groups believe their influence will be greater with judges who are accountable to the public. Results also show that both liberal and conservative groups target courts from states that are ideologically sympathetic, but not necessarily from courts that are ideologically similar.
Temple University--Theses

This dissertation examines the history of a British colonial high court, the High Court of Tanganyika, and the process through which it became integrated into the post-colonial Tanganyikan state and recognised as a national institution. It traces the history of the High Court of Tanganyika from its establishment in 1920 to the completion of the post- colonial government's efforts to decolonise it in 1971. The dissertation follows two main lines of inquiry. The first analyses the roles the High Court played in the context of indirect rule in Tanganyika and how its relationship to the administration and other courts was affected by changes in British rule of the territory over the forty year period. As twentieth century British colonial judges have been mostly overlooked in studies of colonial administration, this analysis of Tanganyika's High Court is underpinned by an examination of the broader British Colonial Legal Service, which staffed colonial benches across the British Empire. The second line of inquiry aims to explain how Tanganyika's post-colonial government perceived and altered the colonial High Court after independence to make it into a national institution. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that the High Court's roles in the colonial state and position relative to the administration reinforced administrative authority over Africans. Africans were prevented from accessing the High Court and participating in the administration of justice outside the Native Courts. After the end of British rule, Tanganyika's post-colonial government decolonised the High Court by modifying its relationship to the executive and lower courts in order to increase Africans' access to it and by appointing Africans to its Bench to replace the colonial judiciary. The original approach employed in this study connects the history of British colonial legal systems, colonial administration, and decolonisation, providing a means for assessing how other colonial high courts developed and decolonised.

This study examines whether and how Australian High Court judges use social facts (‘SF’) in their reasoning in negligence cases, and what factors explain judicial use and construction of SF. SF are statements about society, the world, and the nature and behaviour of institutions (including legal institutions) and human beings. They are statements made as part of judicial development and general application of law, rather than as part of adjudicative fact finding. Negligence cases often contain statements about the world, human beings and institutions. They are often intimately concerned with the behaviour of people and institutions, and the nature of the world and society. This is not a recent phenomenon. The earliest negligence judgments in the United States, the United Kingdom and in Australia included judicial SF statements. However, even in the earliest Australian negligence cases there were differing judicial approaches to the use and construction of SF. Despite the apparent widespread judicial use of SF in negligence cases over many years and differing judicial approaches to SF, the role of SF in judicial reasoning in negligence cases has been subsumed into discussion of ‘policy’ factors and has been largely ignored by scholars. This study aims to fill that gap. Its primary objectives are to explore whether and how judges use and construct SF in Australian High Court negligence cases, what factors explain judicial use and construction of SF in negligence cases, and the wider implications of judicial SF use for understandings and accuracy of judicial reasoning in negligence cases. The study operates within an interpretative epistemological framework. It adopts a social constructionist approach to analyse how judicial knowledge of SF is ‘created, disseminated and entrenched’.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Law school
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text

This thesis aims to assess the role played by disagreement in the High Court???s constitutional law decisions. It does so firstly by considering the theoretical arguments in favour of allowing expression of dissent and those which urge judicial restraint and observance of precedential values. The tensions between change and conformity, and also the individual and institutional aspects of adjudication, intersect when the Court divides. The complex nature of disagreement on a multimember judicial body is further examined in the context of devising an empirical methodology for the quantification of dissent on the High Court. The thesis selects a period of a little over twenty years for detailed examination. Within that timeframe, it measures the prevalence and nature of disagreement amongst the Justices of the Court, with particular emphasis upon constitutional cases. From these results, various streams of opinion are examined for subsequent significance. In particular, the thesis contrasts the practice of persistent dissent from the Court???s approach to an issue, with those occasions when a minority Justice yields to the demands of stare decisis. The impact of dissent upon the development of the Court???s constitutional interpretation is evaluated. Although the study finds that direct reversals in the law in favour of an earlier dissent occur very rarely, it argues that dissents may still exercise a powerful influence on the Court???s pronouncements. The contribution which minority opinions make to judicial deliberation is to inevitably alter the context of the Court???s decision. Consideration of two specific case studies illustrates that this may result in the law taking a more moderate path or may actually lead to greater efforts by a majority to strengthen the cogency of its approach. In either scenario, dissent plays a far more subtle role than suggested by the myth of a ???Great Dissenter??? and the dramatic redemption of his or her lone opinions. To only assess the value of dissenting judgments against that standard is to fail to appreciate the true nature of their influence in many cases and their importance to the work of the High Court.

La pratique d’exercices intenses répétés, entrecoupés de faibles temps de récupération, est susceptible d’engendrer une altération de l’homéostasie et une diminution de la performance chez les sportifs soumis à ce type de contraintes. Dans ce contexte, l’optimisation des processus de récupération est une possibilité forte d’amélioration de la performance et de sa reproduction. Une des principales limites au maintien de la performance de type haute intensité, répété à court terme, est attribuée à la fatigue périphérique, inhérente à l’ensemble des mécanismes de l’excitabilité et de la contraction du muscle squelettique. Cette fatigue périphérique engendre une inadéquation entre les apports et les besoins cellulaires, en oxygène et en nutriments, ainsi qu’une incapacité à éliminer et/ou recycler les produits métaboliques issus de la contraction musculaire. Afin de limiter ces effets, l’augmentation du flux sanguin lors de l’exercice et de la récupération apparaît indispensable au bon rétablissement de l’état d’équilibre de l’organisme et au maintien de la performance sportive. A ce titre, l’électrostimulation neuromusculaire semble être un mode de récupération théoriquement efficace pour augmenter le flux sanguin. Cette présente thèse, comprenant trois études, visait à connaître précisément les effets de l’électrostimulation neuromusculaire - par l’utilisation d’un nouvel appareil issu du domaine médicale - sur la cinétique de récupération de marqueurs de performance, de marqueurs physiologiques et de perception, dans le contexte d’exercices intenses, répétés à court terme. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse qu’une stimulation efficace, induisant une augmentation du flux sanguin, permettrait d’optimiser la récupération à court terme, entre deux exercices de haute intensité. Ces résultats devraient permettre d’optimiser, dans le futur, les stratégies de récupération mises en place après un exercice intense, répété dans de brefs délais
The practice of intense and repeated exercises, interrupted with short recovery times, may induce alterations in homeostasis and a decrease of the performance for athletes who are subject to this type of constraints. In this context, the optimization of the recovery processes is a strong possibility to improve performance and the maintain of it all along the competitive period. One of the main limits in the preservation of performance in type high-intensity, repeated at small interval of time, is attributed to the peripheral fatigue, inherent to all the mechanisms implied in the skeletal muscle excitability and contraction. This peripheral fatigue induces an inadequacy between the contributions and the cellular needs of oxygen and nutrients, and also a disability for disposal or recycling the metabolic by-products stemming from the muscular contraction. In order to limit these effects, the increase in blood flow during exercise and recovery seems essential for the good restoring of the state of physiological balance for the body and the preservation of sport performance. Therefore, the neuromuscular electrical stimulation seems to be, in theory, an effective recovery mode to improve the blood flow. This present thesis, comprising three studies, aimed to know precisely the effects of the neuromuscular electrical stimulation - by the use of a new device stemming from the medical field - on the kinetics of recovery of performance, physiological and perceptual markers, in the context of intense exercises repeated in the short terms. We hypothesized that an effective stimulation, increasing the blood flow would allow to optimize short-term recovery between two high-intensity exercises. These results should contribute to optimize, in the future, the strategies of recovery organized after an intense exercise

The essays in this thesis examine the impact of the termination of court desegregation orders on patterns of residential choice and high-school completion. I do this by first examining decisions individual households make about where to live in the aftermath of a change in student-assignment policy using evidence from a single school district. Then, I generalize and assess trends in patterns of residential segregation and high-school dropout rates in a national study. In the first essay, my co-author and I examine whether the legal decision to end race-conscious student assignment policies in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg school district increased the probability that families with children enrolled in the district would move to neighborhoods with a greater proportion of student residents of the same race as their own children. We make use of a natural policy experiment—a judicial decision to end court-ordered busing—to estimate the causal impacts of this policy shift on household residential decisions. We find that, for those who moved, the legal decision made white families with children in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools substantially more likely than they were during desegregation to move to a neighborhood with a greater proportion of white residents than their own neighborhood. In the second essay, I assess the impacts of the end of court desegregation orders on a comprehensive national sample of districts under court order in 1991. In a series of analyses, I conclude that the release of these districts from court desegregation orders increased the rates of black-white and, even more conclusively, Hispanic-white residential segregation. Furthermore, the declaration of districts as unitary increased rates of 16-19 year-old school dropouts in these districts by three to seven percentage points for Hispanics, one to two percentage points for blacks, and almost four percentage points for blacks living in school districts outside the South. Taken together, these findings suggest that barring the use of race in the assignment of students to schools has deleterious effects on black and Hispanic students and the communities in which they reside.

Background: The Republic of South Africa (RSA) is facing a rape crisis, with women and children being the most vulnerable. DNA evidence is used to aid in suspect identification and to confirm sexual contact. The collection of biological forensic evidence after a rape incident is routine in RSA, however, its contribution to the outcome of rape cases is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the use of Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kits (SAECKs) and their impact on the outcome of rape cases. Methods: Data for this study was collected by conducting a retrospective review of rape cases (n=98) prosecuted and finalised at the Western Cape High Court between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2016. Court dockets were examined, and data was collected using a set of predefined variables. Backward logistic regression was used to analyse whether there is an association between the accused being found guilty and the use of SAECKs and the presentation of DNA evidence. Main findings: In 61% (n=60/98) of the cases a SAECK was used during the medical examination and a DNA report was generated and available for use in 77% (n=46/60) of these cases. There was a higher conviction rate when a SAECK was used (88%, n=53/60) in comparison to when it was not used (53%, n=8/15). Contrary to our expectation, the use of SAECKs was not found to be positively associated with the conviction when using backward logistic regression. This means the use of a SAECK decreased the odds of finding the defendant guilty of rape, albeit by a small degree (OR=0.196, p-value=0.040). DNA was not associated with the case outcome. The majority of cases were stranger rapes (64%,n=63/98), that occurred outdoors (64%,n=61/95)and mostly in the township locations such as Khayelitsha, Philippi, Nyanga, areas located on the Cape Flats, with only a single perpetrator. Injuries were documented in 50% of the cases (n=49)and almost 48% (n=46/95) of the victims were coerced and threatened with a weapon. Our binary model found only the location of incidence (p-value= 0.006) to be significantly associated with case outcome with an odds ratio of 19.827. Conclusions: The findings from this study are significant as they point out that health care practitioners are adequately trained and equipped to provide quality health care responses and to work effectively with police officers. SAECKs are utilised routinely during rape investigations. However, there are various factors relating to the victim, perpetrator and assault characteristics that influence the judge's verdict. This study raised questions relating to how those factors are measured or weighed and are predictive of case outcome. Although we found no positive associations between the variables investigated (except the location of the incident) and court outcome, future research, including larger sample size, should investigate these variables in order to obtain true significance, especially concerning the use of SAECKs and its impact on the court outcome.

This dissertation creates a background for studying white women in the Transvaal between 1877 and 1899. Legal documents are used as primary sources, as they are invaluable for researching women’s history, in that they provide a new perspective. When writing women’s history, it must be grounded in theory, as, especially when it comes to history in court cases, concepts like ‘history as performance’ and ‘occasionalism’ are significant. Of course, an eye must also firmly be held on concepts such as ‘gender’ and ‘deconstruction’, since it dictates how one should approach one’s sources. A history of the Transvaal is necessary, for when studying the court cases one must be able to position the women within a framework of their lives, and what type of living they made. Therefore, part of the dissertation is a political, but also social and economic, history of the Transvaal, written with specifically white women in mind. Sources for the socio-economic historical framework include literary accounts and secondary works on the period. The framework for the court cases further includes creating a legal stage on which to position women, which is accomplished by using legal sources like law reports, but also laws and resolutions. It is only once a detailed framework has been created that one can scrutinise court cases for issues surrounding white Transvaal women’s legal position, and agency. AFRIKAANS : Hierdie verhandeling skep die agtergrond vir ‘n studie van wit vroue in Transvaal tussen 1877 en 1899. Regsdokumente word as primêre bronne gebruik, aangesien dit van onskatbare waarde is in die ondersoek van vrouegeskiedenis, deurdat dit ‘n nuwe perspektief bied. Die skryf van vrouegeskiedenis moet in teorie gegrond wees, aangesien konsepte soos ‘history as a performance’ en ‘occasionalism’ belangrik is, veral wanneer dit kom by geskiedenis in hofsake. ‘n Ferm blik moet natuurlik ook gehou word op konsepte soos ‘gender’ en ‘dekonstruksie’ aangesien dit bepaal hoe die bronne benader moet word. ‘n Geskiedenis van Transvaal is nodig, want dit moet moontlik wees om vroue te posisioneeer binne die raamwerk van hulle lewens en die tipe bestaan wat hulle gevoer het. ‘n Gedeelte van die verhandeling behels derhalwe ‘n politieke, maar ook ‘n sosiale en ekonomiese geskiedenis van Transvaal, geskryf spesifiek met wit vroue in gedagte. Bronne vir die sosio-ekonomiese historiese raamwerk sluit verder in die skep van ‘n regsverhoog waarop die vroue geposisioneer kan word. Dit word daargestel deur gebruik te maak van regsbronne soos wetsverslae, asook wette en besluite. Eers wanneer so ‘n uitvoerige raamwerk gekonstrueer is, kan die hofsake bestudeer word vir kwessies rondom wit Transvaalse vroue se regsposisie, en hulle betrokkenheid by hulle eie agenda. Copyright
Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Historical and Heritage Studies
unrestricted

Le sujet de cette thèse est le développement d'une cible liquide haute puissance capable de gérer les contraintes liées a un impact de faisceau de protons de haute puissance (de l'ordre du GW en quelques ms) tout en optimisant la production d'isotopes a court temps de demi-vie (ici, l'intérêt se porte sur du Mercure, de temps de demi vie 130 ms). L'objectif est d'améliorer l'extraction des particules élémentaires d'intérêt pour les physiciens une fois celles-ci créées. La thèse a été principalement préparée au CERN (Genève, Suisse). De plus en plus, la puissance des faisceaux primaires envoyés sur les cibles augmente jusqu'à atteindre plusieurs centaines de kiloWatt, créant ainsi de nouvelles problématiques et de nouveaux défis. De nouveaux concepts de cibles ont ainsi vu le jour. Parmi eux, une boucle liquide utilisant du Plomb Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) comme matériau de cible, et dans lequel un échangeur de chaleur et une pompe sont intégrés, a été proposée durant la phase de développement du projet EURISOL. Ce concept prévoit de plus de transformer le liquide irradié sous forme degouttes de manière à faciliter l'extraction des isotopes créés et ainsi d'augmenter la production d'isotopes à court temps de demi-vie. Cette thèse présente le développement de ce design. Un prototype a été développé et sera testé sous faisceau de protons à ISOLDE au CERN. Plusieurs outils analytiques pour l'étude et la conception de cible haute puissance sont proposés, prenant en considération divers paramètres de design. Ces outils peuvent être utilisés pour d'autres cibles haute puissance et permettent un dimensionnement simple de ce genre de cible. De plus, un design innovant d'échangeur de chaleur est présenté, permettant d'extraire une puissance constante pour différentes températures de LBE. Le design proposé est validé grâce à divers outils numériques et analytiques. De plus, des tests expérimentaux ont été réalisés pour valider la faisabilité de douche. Des gouttes de 400 um ont été obtenues. La cible proposée est la première combinant l'utilisation d'une chambre de diffusion où la douche est créée, avec une pompe et un échangeur de chaleur. Les concepts avancés peuvent être utilisés pour ledéveloppement de cibles similaires dans d'autres instituts
The subject of this thesis is to design a liquid target able to account for the stress induced by the impact of a highpower proton beam (of the order of GW in few ms) and to optimize the isotopes production of species with short half-life (here, the isotope of interest is a Mercury one, with a half-life of 130 ms). The objective is to improve the extraction of elementary particles of interest for physicists. The thesis was mainly conducted at the CERN (Geneva, Switzerland).More and more, the power of primary beam sent onto targets increases until reaching several kiloWatts of magnitude, inducing new problematic and challenges. Consequently, the need of new target design arises and leads to new conceptual design proposal. Amongst them, a concept of Lead Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) loop target making use of an heat exchanger (HEX) and a pump has been proposed during the European project EURISOL Design Study. This concept proposed an improvement in terms of release efficiency of short-lived species by transforming the irradiated liquid into droplets shape. This thesis presents the development of this target design proposal. A prototype target has been developed and will be tested under proton beam at ISOLDE at CERN. Several analytical tools for the study of this kind of targets are proposed, taking into account different design parameters. These tools can be applied for other high power target concept and allow an easy dimensioning of this kind of targets. As well, an innovative heat exchanger is developed, allowing to extract constant power out of the target for different LBE temperature. The proposed target design is validated thanks to different numerical and analytical tools while experimental tests have been conducted in order to assess the droplet formation feasibility. These tests prove that a shower of droplets of 400 ¿m is possible. The developed target is the first one combining a diffusion chamber where a shower is created combined with a pump and a HEX. The concepts of this design could be applied for similar targets that could be developed in other facilities

In 1966, the High Court of Uganda legitimised the new nation's first coup d'etat. After two decades of civil war, Ugandans enacted their first popular constitution in 1995. However, the judiciary's dominant positivist ideology, Matovu's ghost, still haunts the new legal order. The author sets out this ideology's presumptions and then critiques them against an alternative, pluralist map of laws in Uganda.
The constructive analysis of recent case law (or lack thereof) that follows shows how this ideology undermines the constitution's promises of equality and freedom. This pluralist methodology is also essential to explain contemporary crises like the Lord's Resistance Army, arms proliferation in Karamoja and Museveni's "no-party" rule. In conclusion, exorcising Matovu's ghost is a priority for Ugandans and the process deserves considered thought for legal scholars advocating the "rule of law" or interventions by the International Criminal Court.

Дисертаційна робота присвячена дослідженню адміністративно-правових засад діяльності Вищого антикорупційного суду в Україні. Автор доводить, що адміністративно-правові засади діяльності Вищого антикорупційного суду зумовлені його статусом і місцем у судовій системі, завданням та функціями діяльності й принципами, на яких вони базуються. Вдосконалено відповідні етапи становлення антикорупційних органів, зокрема Вищого антикорупційного суду: 1) установчий (1991 р. – перша половина 1994 р.); 2) номінальної («soi-disant») боротьби з корупцією (друга половина 1994 р. – перша половина 1995 р.); 3) активної нормотворчої діяльності (друга половина 1995 р. – 2000 р.); 4) етап псевдопротидії корупції (2001 р. – перша половина 2005 р.); 5) комплексної протидії (друга половина 2005 р. – перша половина 2010 р.); 6) масштабування корупції (друга половина 2010 р. – 2014 р.); 7) гармонізація норм вітчизняного антикорупційного законодавства з міжнародними стандартами боротьби з корупцією (з лютого 2014 р. до 2018 р.); 8) заснування та установчий етап функціонування Вищого антикорупційного суду (з 2018 р. по 2020 р.); 9) конституційна антикорупційна криза (з жовтня 2020 р. до сьогодні). Охарактеризовано нормативно-правові засади діяльності Вищого антикорупційного суду в Україні, якими є положення міжнародних та вітчизняних актів. Визначено, що юридичним підґрунтям функціонування Вищого антикорупційного суду є міжнародні нормативно-правові акти, які імплементовані парламентом та є обов’язковими до виконання. Правові засади містяться в Конституції Україні, де визначені основоположні принципи та встановлюються імперативні рамки щодо побудови системи судоустрою. У Законі України «Про судоустрій і статус суддів» визначено засади організації судової влади та здійснення правосуддя в Україні, що функціонує на засадах верховенства права відповідно до європейських стандартів і забезпечує право кожного на справедливий суд. Профільний Закон України «Про Вищий антикорупційний суд» найбільш повно описує місце, завдання та гарантії діяльності Вищого антикорупційного суду. Відповідно до юрисдикції Вищий антикорупційний суд керується нормами матеріального та процесуального кримінального й цивільного права. Також до нормативної основи діяльності Вищого антикорупційного суду належать його організаційно-розпорядчі акти. Наголошено, що всі нормативно-правові положення відповідають засадничим нормам Конституції України. Визначено, що структура та місце Вищого антикорупційного суду в судовій системі України зумовлена метою його створення та завданням покладеним на нього, – здійснення правосуддя відповідно до визначених законом засад і процедур судочинства з метою захисту особи, суспільства й держави від корупційних і пов’язаних із ними кримінальних правопорушень та судового контролю за досудовим розслідуванням цих кримінальних правопорушень, додержанням прав, свобод та інтересів осіб у кримінальному провадженні, а також вирішення питання про визнання необґрунтованими активів та їх стягнення в дохід держави у випадках, передбачених законом, у порядку цивільного судочинства. Саме ідея подолання корупції високопосадовців зумовила створення такої організаційної структури та визначила місце суду в судовій системі України. Розкрито принципи діяльності Вищого антикорупційного суду в Україні, під якими необхідно розуміти взаємозв’язаний комплекс основоположних засад, ідей та доктринальних концепцій, що синергетично взаємодіють і поєднують здобутки міжнародного й вітчизняного права у сфері антикорупційного судочинства і спрямовані на належну організацію та функціонування Вищого антикорупційного суду. Вищий антикорупційний суд керується принципами, які пропонується класифікувати за різними підставами: по-перше, джерелом закріплення (міжнародні нормативно-правові акти, Конституція України, національне законодавство та невнормовані принципи); по-друге, галузевою приналежністю (принципи кримінального процесуального права, принципи цивільного-процесуального права та антикорупційні правові принципи); по-третє, сутністю (принципи судоустрою, та принципи правосуддя). Зазначено, що завдання Вищого антикорупційного суду в Україні визначено законодавством та полягає в належному здійсненні правосуддя у відвіданій йому юрисдикції. Виконання завдання зумовлює здійснення певних функцій, які запропоновано поділяти на такі: здійснення правосуддя, правоохоронну та адміністративну функції, що вміщують каральну, виправдовувальну, судового контролю, представницьку, адміністративно-уповноважувальну, кадрово-організаційну, адміністративно-розпорядчу, адміністративного контролю, інформаційну, статистично-аналітичну, навчально-кваліфікаційну підфункції. Охарактеризовано гарантії діяльності Вищого антикорупційного суду та виокремлено додаткові гарантії, надані йому у зв’язку з особливостями адміністративного статусу і юрисдикцією, якими є добір суддів, їх безпека, фінансові й навчальні. Запропоновано визначення поняття «додаткові гарантії Вищого антикорупційного суду», під яким потрібно розуміти забезпечення впровадження державою за допомогою сукупності механізмів та інструментів задекларованих юридичних норм суспільних відносин у сфері діяльності Вищого антикорупційного суду, що забезпечує виконання його завдань, функцій та реалізацію пов’язаних із цим принципів. Узагальнено зарубіжний досвід створення та функціонування антикорупційних судів, завдяки цьому зроблено висновок, що впровадження відповідних антикорупційних судів здійснюється у зв’язку з нагальною необхідністю подолати корупцію і нездатністю судів загальної юрисдикції оперативно та об’єктивно здійснювати правосуддя у справах щодо корупційних діянь. Установлено, що антикорупційні судові інституції в іноземних країнах упроваджуються відповідно до особливостей типу корупції, поширеної у відповідній країні, та можуть мати різні моделі: 1) судді з антикорупційною спеціалізацією при загальних судах; 2) суди першої інстанції антикорупційної спрямованості; 3) антикорупційні суди змішаного типу; 4) відокремлена антикорупційна система першої та апеляційної інстанцій. Запропоновано напрями вдосконалення адміністративно-правових засад діяльності Вищого антикорупційного суду в України: 1) сформувати систему антикорупційних судів за принципом організації інших антикорупційних інституцій; 2) запровадити більш суворі та ранжовані процедури добору на посаду судді замість запровадження штучних обмежень стосовно осіб, які впродовж останніх десяти років обіймали ці посади в окремих органах державної влади; 3) залучати до процесу відправлення правосуддя присяжних (представників громадських антикорупційних організацій та науковців), які б пройшли спеціальне навчання; 4) оновити законодавчий підхід щодо підстав затримання судді під час або відразу після вчинення кримінального правопорушення; 5) скоригувати підсудність Вищого антикорупційного суду в Україні, враховуючи міжнародні приписи, щодо необхідності поширення антикорупційних заходів і на приватно-правову сферу. Запропоновано внести зміни до законодавства з метою вдосконалення адміністративно-правових засад діяльності Вищого антикорупційного суду в Україні.
The dissertation deals with studying the administrative legal framework for the activities of the High Anti-Corruption Court in Ukraine. The author proves that the administrative legal framework for the activity of the High Anti-Corruption Court are determined by its status and place in the judicial system, the tasks and functions of its the activity, and the underlying principles. The corresponding stages of the formation of anti-corruption bodies, including the High Anti-Corruption Court, have been specified: 1) constituent (1991 to the first half of 1994); 2) a nominal fight against corruption (the second half of 1994 to the first half of 1995); 3) active rule-making activity (the second half of 1995 to 2000); 4) the stage of pseudo-anti-corruption activity (2001 to the first half of 2005); 5) the stage of complex counteraction (the second half of 2005 to the first half of 2010); 6) an increase in the level of corruption (the second half of 2010 to 2014); 7) harmonization of the domestic anti-corruption legislation with international anti-corruption standards (from February 2014 to 2018); 8) establishment and constituent stage of the functioning of the High Anti-Corruption Court (from 2018 to 2020); 9) constitutional anti-corruption crisis (October 2020 to the present). The regulatory and legal framework for the activity of the High Anti-Corruption Court in Ukraine, consisting of the provisions of international and domestic acts, are characterized. It has been determined that the legal framework for the functioning of the High Anti-Corruption Court includes international regulatory legal acts that are implemented by the parliament and are binding. The legal provisions are contained in the Constitution of Ukraine, which defines the fundamental principles and establishes an imperative framework for building a judicial system. The Law of Ukraine On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges defines the foundations of the organization of the judiciary and the administration of justice in Ukraine, which is functioning based on the rule of law under European standards and ensuring the right of everyone to a fair trial. The targeted Law of Ukraine On the High Anti-Corruption Court most fully describes the place, tasks, and guarantees of the activities of the High Anti-Corruption Court. According to the jurisdiction, the High Anti-Corruption Court is guided by substantive and procedural criminal and civil law rules. The regulatory framework for the activities of the High Anti-Corruption Court includes its organizational and administrative acts. It is noted that all these acts comply with the fundamental provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine. It is specified that the structure and place of the High Anti-Corruption Court in the judicial system of Ukraine are determined by the purpose of its creation and the task entrusted to it – the administration of justice under the principles and procedures of legal proceedings established by law to protect an individual, society and the state from corruption and criminal offenses related to it, and judicial control over the pre-trial investigation of these criminal offenses, the observance of the rights, freedoms, and interests of persons in criminal proceedings, as well as the decision on the recognition of assets as unjustified and their recovery as state revenue in cases provided for by law in civil proceedings. It was the idea of overcoming top corruption that determined the corresponding court’s organization, place, and structure. The principles of the activity of the High Anti-Corruption Court in Ukraine are disclosed, which should be understood as an interconnected set of fundamental principles, ideas, and doctrinal concepts that synergistically interact and combine the achievements of international and domestic law in the field of anti-corruption proceedings and are aimed at the proper organization and functioning of the High Anti-Corruption Court. The High Anti-Corruption Court is guided by the principles that are proposed to be classified on different grounds: first, the source of consolidation (international regulatory legal acts, the Constitution of Ukraine, national legislation, and non-standardized principles); secondly, industry affiliation (principles of criminal procedural law, principles of civil procedural law and anti-corruption legal principles); third, on the merits (principles of the judiciary, principles of justice). It is noted that the task of the High Anti-Corruption Court in Ukraine is defined by law and implies the proper administration of justice within its jurisdiction. The performance of the task predetermines certain functions, which are proposed to be divided into the following functions: administration of justice, law enforcement, and administrative functions. They include the following subfunctions: punitive, exculpatory, judicial control, representative, administrative authorizing, personnel management, administrative regulatory, administrative control, information, statistical and analytical, educational and qualification subfunctions. The author characterizes the guarantees of the activity of the High Anti-Corruption Court and highlights additional guarantees provided to it in connection with the peculiarities of the administrative status and jurisdiction, which are additional guarantees for the selection of judges, their safety, financial and educational guarantees. The dissertation offers a definition of the concept of «additional guarantees of the High Anti-Corruption Court», which should be understood as ensuring the implementation by the state with the help of a set of mechanisms and tools of the declared legal rules of public relations in the field of activity of the High Anti-Corruption Court, which ensures the fulfillment of its tasks, functions and the implementation of the related principles. The foreign experience of the creation and functioning of anti-corruption courts was generalized, due to which it was concluded that the introduction of the corresponding anti-corruption courts is carried out in connection with the need to overcome corruption and the inability of courts of general jurisdiction to promptly and objectively administer justice in corruption cases. It has been established that anti-corruption judicial institutions in foreign countries are introduced in accordance with the characteristics of the type of corruption prevalent in the respective country, and may have different models: 1) judges with anti-corruption specialization in general courts; 2) courts of the first instance of anti-corruption orientation; 3) anti-corruption courts of mixed type; 4) separate anti-corruption system of the first and appellate instances. The areas of improving the administrative legal framework for the activities of the High Anti-Corruption Court of Ukraine are suggested: 1) to form a system of anti-corruption courts on the principle of organizing other anti-corruption institutions; 2) to introduce stricter and ranked procedures for the selection of judges instead of introducing artificial restrictions on persons who held these positions in the last ten years and before the appointment, positions in certain government agencies; 3) to involve a jury (representatives of public anti-corruption organizations and scientists) who have undergone special training in the process of administering justice; 4) to update the legislative approach regarding the grounds for the detention of a judge during or immediately after the commission of a criminal offense; 5) to adjust the jurisdiction of the High Anti-Corruption Court in Ukraine, taking into account international regulations regarding the need to extend anti-corruption measures to the private legal sphere. It is proposed to amend the legislation to improve the administrative legal framework of the High Anti-Corruption Court in Ukraine.

This thesis examines the separate legal reasons provided by both the then Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, and the then Chief Justice of the High Court, Sir Garfield Barwick, in justification of Kerr’s decision on 11 November 1975 to withdraw Prime Minister Gough Whitlam’s commission, in order to establish that the Governor-General did not possess the legal power to act in this way. It will establish that the Constitution drafted by the Founders at the 1897 Constitutional Convention implicitly contains a principle that requires a construing court to exercise a methodology of construction that reveals the meaning originally intended by the Founders as consented to by the people of the several colonies. The thesis examines the establishment and the deliberations of the delegates to the Convention that resulted in the draft Bill of the Commonwealth Constitution in order to establish the two elements of the political scheme that the Founders intended the Constitution to sustain: the federal distribution of powers similar to that of the US Constitution and responsible government. It argues that all these matters, considered in the context of the process of its ratification by the people of the colonies and the constitutional requirements for any changes, are evidence of a political imperative in the Constitution that its construction should seek the meaning originally intended by the Founders, being the one consented to by the people of the colonies in 1899. The thesis will examine the arguments advanced by Isaac Isaacs during the Constitutional Convention in opposition to the federal scheme required by the colonial statutes establishing the Convention for the draft Constitution. It will show that Isaacs wanted the Convention to approve a unitary political scheme for the Constitution, which was rejected by the delegates. An examination of the decisions of the early court will demonstrate that it adopted a construction methodology consistent with the original intention of the Founders to explicate the details of federal doctrines derived from the federal scheme of the US Constitution, the immunity of instrumentalities and the reserve powers of the states. This thesis will show that when he was appointed to the High Court, Isaac Isaacs implicitly rejected the methodology of original intent and the federal scheme of the early court and adopted a literalist methodology derived from legal positivist1 decisions of the Privy Council that, following the English jurist A.V. Dicey, distinguished between the legal text and the political scheme. It will examine the argument for the legal positivist methodology of construction and its common manifestation as literalism to determine its efficacy for constitutional interpretation and will examine Isaacs’ literalist construction of the Constitution in the majority judgment of the court in Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd2 to show that it permitted him to reinterpret the text in isolation from the Constitution’s political scheme and therewith to abolish the federal scheme and impose his unitary scheme, enlarging the powers of the Commonwealth and abridging the powers of the states. Isaacs’ unitary Constitution reflected the proposal for which he had argued at the Convention. By examining selected High Court judgments of Sir Owen Dixon and Sir Garfield Barwick during their respective tenures on the High Court, the thesis will show that the legal positivist method of construction employed by Isaacs, which manifested as a literal interpretation of the text in isolation from the political scheme, was maintained by the High Court as the preeminent method of construction following the Engineers’ case. Barwick’s express endorsement of Isaacs’ judgment in the Engineers’ case indicated his adoption of that literalist methodology. When it examines the arguments advanced by Kerr and Barwick in defence of Kerr’s actions in November 1975, the thesis will show that each man construed the relevant provisions of the Constitution literally, and thus altered the practice of responsible government as understood and intended by the Founders to comply with their literal interpretation. Kerr and Barwick both introduced an implied term previously unremarked and absent from the Convention debates into the Constitution in order to infer a condition precedent to the actions of the Governor- General. The thesis will show that each posited a differently characterised discretionary, personal power in the Governor-General, which was explicitly rejected by the Founders. Their theoretical explanations of the Governor-General’s reserve powers will be shown to be inconsistent with the relevant terms of the Constitution.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Law School
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text

This thesis investigates how the sub judice rule operates in practice in the age of social media. While the law was well established in terms of how it regulated the behaviour of publishers before the internet, there are concerns it is less effective in the digital age. By analysing data from Twitter and Facebook during two high-profile murder trials, I investigate the prevalence of prejudicial publicity on social media, and examine how professional journalists and non-journalists talk about criminal trials. This analysis identifies the types of information empanelled jurors might see about trials and what this means for the law.

Ce manuscrit est une contribution à l’étude de la fiabilité et de la robustesse des composants MOSFET sur carbure de silicium, matériau semi-conducteur grand gap qui possède des caractéristiques bien meilleures que le silicium. Ces nouveaux interrupteurs de puissances permettent d’obtenir entre autres propriétés remarquables, des fréquences de commutations et des tenues en tension plus élevées dans les systèmes de conversions de puissance. Ils sont particulièrement mis en avant depuis un peu plus d’une dizaine d’années pour les gains en performances, diminution des tailles et poids qu’ils apportent à certaines topologies de convertisseurs pour les réseaux haute tension à courant continu. Puis sont répertoriés les principaux mécanismes de défaillances de ces MOSFET SiC induits par la faiblesse de la grille. Toutes les mesures nécessaires au suivi des paramètres clés lors des prochains vieillissements sont présentées. Les résultats de nos tests sur l’instabilité de la tension de seuil sont aussi détaillés et un modèle empirique pour valider le comportement de relaxation observé est proposé. Celui-ci nous aidera par la suite à établir un protocole de mesure rigoureux de la tension de seuil. Les tests expérimentaux et résultats de vieillissement en statique et dynamique sur les composants 1,7 kV vont permettre de se rendre compte de l’importance de la dérive de la tension de seuil sur 1000 h. Dans le cas d’un vieillissement statique, il y a environ 7 % de dérive positive du VTH et un pourcentage équivalent pour les tests dynamiques. Des analyses supplémentaires (C-V et pompage de charge) sur l’oxyde de grille en cours de vieillissement sont proposées pour une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeu dans la dégradation de l’oxyde. Enfin, les derniers tests présentés seront focalisés sur le comportement en court-circuit et courts-circuits répétitifs des mêmes composants. Avec une énergie critique évaluée autour de 1,5 J nos tests sur les MOSFET 1,7 kV montrent les limites de la robustesse de ces composants, avec une tenue en court-circuit bien inférieure à 10 µs et une incapacité à résister à plus de 150 courts-circuits successifs. L’influence de la tension entre drain et source y est notamment étudiée, et montre que l’énergie critique supportée par le composant diminue avec l’augmentation de cette tension
This manuscript is a contribution to reliability and robustness study of MOSFET components on silicon carbide “SiC”, wide band gap semiconductor with better characteristics compared to silicon “Si” material. Those new power switches can provide better switching frequencies or voltage withstanding for example in power converter. SiC MOSFET are the results of approximately 10 years of research and development and can provide increased performances and weight to some converter topology for high voltage direct current networks. Others power switches available are still introduced and an introduction to reliability is explaining why such work on this new power switches is important. Transition from Si technologies to SiC ones require a lot of work regarding its robustness. Before showing reliability and robustness results is presented I give a lot of details regarding to the measurement and monitoring of key parameters used in the next chapters. The results of our tests on the threshold voltage instability are presented and how we validated an empirical model on this drift. This was used to propose an enhanced measurement protocol on the threshold voltage. Static and dynamic experimental results presented next will show if the voltage drift during ageing is significant or not. Further analysis is proposed to add more insight on the understanding of the oxide degradation mechanisms through C-V and charge pumping measurements. Finally, the ageing results presented on 1,7 kV SiC MOSFET are focused on the short-circuit and repetitive short-circuit behavior of the same components. Drain to source voltage influence on critical energy during this particular and stressful operation mode is studied. This time, the results are worrying.The last chapter is confidential

Dans le domaine du transport de l'électricité, les qualités intrinsèques des réseaux alternatifs s'estompent devant la difficulté imposée par le transport de la puissance réactive lorsque les lignes aériennes ou, plus particulièrement, les câbles souterrains ou sous-marins atteignent des longueurs critiques. Dans le cadre des réflexions visant à exploiter au mieux les énergies renouvelables d'origine éolienne off-shore ou hydrolienne, l'hypothèse de la création d'un réseau électrique à haute tension continue pour acheminer ces énergies jusqu'aux centres de consommation est considérée. Ce travail de thèse est en lien avec le projet européen TWENTIES (Transmission system operation with large penetration of Wind and other renewable Electricity sources in Networks by means of innovative Tools and Integrated Energy Solutions, ref 249812), financé dans le cadre du programme FP7 de la Commission Européenne. Ces travaux traitent de la protection des réseaux à courant continu contre les défauts d'isolement dans les câbles et au niveau des jeux de barre. L'étude se concentre sur des réseaux multi-terminaux bouclés et/ou maillés, et propose d'étudier la faisabilité d'un plan de protection comportant un algorithme principal et un secours en cas de défaillance d'un disjoncteur.

In a recent judgment by the Free State Provincial Division of the High Court of South Africa it was decided that a trustee who resigns is only relieved from his duties when his name is removed from the letter of authority by the Master of the High Court. This judgment has caused many questions to be raised regarding the implications of the resignation by a trustee. This judgment and the current legal position of the resigning trustee are investigated in this dissertation. The legal position of the resigning trustee seems to be uncertain, and the mentioned judgment should not be unreservedly accepted as correct. The role and responsibility of the Master of the High Court in this process is considered, as well as the legal position of the resigning trustee, the remaining trustees and third parties contracting with the trust. Certain conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made regarding this aspect of South African trust law.
Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Les juridictions constitutionnelles ont sans doute de larges compétences interprétatives. Toutefois, l’ampleur de ces compétences varie dans les différents ordres juridiques selon l’aptitude que les autres organes et autorités de l’Etat peuvent adopter devant ces interprétations. Une juridiction constitutionnelle a une suprématie interprétative dans un Etat en particulier si ses interprétations doivent être obligatoirement respectées et appliquées par tous les autres organes et autorités de l’Etat. Si ses interprétations sont seulement obligatoires pour quelques autorités, cette juridiction constitutionnelle a simplement une compétence interprétative supérieure vis-à-vis de ces autorités. Afin d’identifier les plus larges compétences interprétatives des juridictions constitutionnelles, la démarche comparative est hautement recommandée parce qu’elle permet de distinguer plus facilement les limitations que ces juridictions peuvent rencontrer dans leurs ordres juridiques respectifs. Ainsi, en suivant cette démarche, seront identifiées l’ampleur des compétences interprétatives des juridictions constitutionnelles française et colombienne et leurs répercussions dans chacun de leurs Etats
Constitutional jurisdictions should have wide interpretative powers. However, the scope of these competences varies in different legal systems depending on the ability of other authorities to adopt such interpretations. A constitutional court has interpretative supremacy in a particular State, if its interpretations are binding for all other departments of the State. If its interpretations are just binding for some authorities, this constitutional court would simply have a superior interpretative competence toward those authorities. In order to determine the broader interpretative powers of the constitutional courts, the comparative approach is highly recommended because it makes easier to distinguish the limitations that these jurisdictions may encounter in their respective legal systems. In this way, the scope of the interpretative powers of the French and Colombian constitutional courts will be identified as well as their repercussions in each of its states

Дослідження зосереджене на адміністративно-правових концептуальних засадах утворення та діяльності Вищого суду з питань інтелектуальної власності в Україні, визначено стратегічні напрямки подальшого розвитку інституту судового захисту прав інтелектуальної власності в нашій державі. Ґенеза становлення інституту судового захисту прав інтелектуальної власності на теренах незалежної України містить відбиток радянської тоталітарної правової спадщини і пройшла складні етапи напрацювання демократичних принципів розвитку інституту інтелектуальної власності, й досі на етапі розбудови правової культури та правової свідомості громадян відносно прав інтелектуальної власності, але при цьому, на етапі впровадження провідних європейських та міжнародних принципів, положень, практики щодо охорони та захисту інтелектуальної власності в нашій державі. Попри відсутність міжнародних зобов’язань щодо створення окремої судової спеціалізації з питань інтелектуальної власності, світові тенденції до її виокремлення чи централізації у певних видах спорів з питань інтелектуальної власності збільшується. Однак, стратегічний план створення спеціалізованого суду з питань інтелектуальної власності потребує ретельного аналізу ситуації, що загалом відбувається в державі, з урахуванням особливостей її правової та судової системи та внутрішніх реальних потреб. Обґрунтовуються позитивні аспекти, які очікуються від створення Вищого суду з питань інтелектуальної власності, зокрема мова йде про: високий темп зростання суддівської експертності в питаннях захисту інтелектуальної власності, саме за рахунок вузької спеціалізація суддів, що дозволяє їм ефективніше стежити за інноваціями та змінами як в міжнародному, так і в національному законодавстві з питань захисту інтелектуальної власності; підвищення попиту на експертизу в галузі інтелектуальної власності, а відповідно і зростає попит на фахівців даної галузі, що підвищує попит на навчання та правову обізнаність у зазначеній сфері; високий рівень ефективності та своєчасність прийнятих рішень спеціалізованим судом, що сприяє об’єктивному рівню витрат на судовий процес; узгодженість результатів розгляду справ, через обмежену кількість суддів, їх вузьку спеціалізацію, створення прецедентної практики, що допомагає загалом покращити стан захисту прав інтелектуальної власності в державі, оскільки через успішну судову практику вітчизняні юристи отримують якісні рекомендації і в подальшому можуть запобігати подібним судовим спорам; спеціалізація суду з питань інтелектуальної власності сигналізує суспільству, що урядом держави посилено увагу до прав інтелектуальної власності, що посилює правову та соціальну цінність вказаних прав, створює соціальний тиск на правопорушників та зменшує ймовірність вчинення правопорушень проти прав інтелектуальної власності. Визначено, що при утворенні Вищого суду з питань інтелектуальної власності було неоднозначно застосовано такі основоположні засади як спеціалізація, інстанційність та територіальність, що власне і створює перешкоди у його практичному впровадженні. Внесено пропозиції щодо територіального розширення юрисдикції новоствореного суду (зокрема, в кожному обласному центрі, або шляхом використання приміщень місцевих господарських судів, у разі потреби), з урахуванням фактичного навантаження суду. Визначається місце та роль кожного із суб’єктів інституційного впливу при утворенні Вищого суду з питань інтелектуальної власності та при забезпеченні його діяльності (організаційного забезпечення, кадрового, інформаційного, фінансового, матеріально-технічного). Розкривається необхідність розробки та прийняття Закону України «Про Вищий суд з питань інтелектуальної власності», яким остаточно визначити юрисдикцію цього суду, доповнивши її справами про адміністративні правопорушення, митними справами у сфері інтелектуальної власності, та передбачити у Господарському процесуальному кодексі України положень, які враховують спеціальні способи захисту прав інтелектуальної власності, передбачені правовим актами Європейського Союзу. Узагальнюється зарубіжний досвід в питання форм впровадження спеціалізованих судів з питань інтелектуальної власності, їх позитивного впливу на стан розвитку сфери інтелектуальної власності та основні застереження, які випливають із досвіду утворення таких судів, зокрема їх надмірна заполітизованість, корупційні ризики, затратність утримання та функціонування такого суду. Встановлено, що головним ризиком низької ефективності діяльності запровадженого суду в Україні може стати дорого вартісний характер спорів з питань інтелектуальної власності, недостатність державного фінансування цієї сфери, спричинить фінансовий тягар на сторін спору, що створює ризик недоступності правосуддя за економічним показником. Наступним ризиком, що характерний для українського суспільства є корупційні ризики, що випливають з того, що за рахунок вузької спеціалізації Вищого суду з питань інтелектуальної власності в розгляді справ приймають вузька кількість суддів, як правило адвокатів, які спеціалізуються на даних спорах та залучення одних і тих експертів, що породжує загрозу встановлення тісних зв’язків між вказаними особами, встановлення корумпованих зв’язків між ними. Пропонується посилення організаційних заходів для запуску роботи новоствореного суду та завершення конкурсу на заняття посади судді Вищого суду з питань інтелектуальної власності; внесення змін і доповнень до Господарського процесуального кодексу України, Кодексу адміністративного судочинства України та Цивільного процесуального кодексу України з метою вирішення проблем стосовно юрисдикції новостворюваного суду, процесуального механізму розгляду справ за участю державних органів та про визнання торговельної марки загальновідомою, участі спеціалістів у судовому процесі, та інших зазначених проблем у процесуальній сфері; включення на рівні процесуального законодавства до юрисдикції Вищого суду з питань інтелектуальної власності розгляд у першій інстанції усіх справ у спорах, що виникають у відповідній сфері, в тому числі й спорів з публічно-правовою складовою за участю державних органів і органів місцевого самоврядування, а також фізичних осіб, які не мають статусу суб’єкта підприємницької діяльності, зокрема: справи щодо наявності права інтелектуальної власності; справи про порушення такого права; справи у спорах щодо недобросовісної конкуренції, пов’язаної з використанням прав інтелектуальної власності; бажаним є прийняття спеціального закону про Вищий суд з питань інтелектуальної власності, як це вирішено стосовно Вищого антикорупційного суду, із визначенням засад організації та особливостей забезпечення діяльності Вищого суду з питань інтелектуальної власності, у тому числі Апеляційної палати цього Суду; закріплення на законодавчому рівні норм, спрямованих на забезпечення незалежності та неупередженості Апеляційної палати (визначення видатків на утримання Апеляційної палати окремим рядком в Державному бюджеті України, розміщення Апеляційної палати в будівлі окремо від палат Вищого суду з питань інтелектуальної власності, які здійснюють правосуддя в першій інстанції). Наукова новизна одержаних результатів полягає у тому, що дисертація є першим в Україні комплексним дослідженням проблеми адміністративно-правових засад утворення та діяльності Вищого суду з питань інтелектуальної власності, його адміністративно-правового статусу, на підставі чого розроблено основні положення концепції судового захисту прав інтелектуальної власності в Україні. У результаті проведеного дослідження сформовано нові авторські висновки і положення, сформовані та запропоновані особисто здобувачем. Практичне значення одержаних результатів полягає в тому, що викладені в дисертації висновки і пропозиції можуть бути використані: в науково-дослідницькій сфері – для подальшого розроблення теоретичних і практичних проблем адміністративно-правових концептуальних засад створення та діяльності Вищого суду з питань інтелектуальної власності; у правотворчості – для подальшого вдосконалення системи адміністративно-правових норм, господарських-процесуальних норм, що передбачають умови створення та діяльності Вищого суду з питань інтелектуальної власності, його компетенцію та юрисдикцію; в навчальному процесі – під час викладання дисциплін адміністративно-правового циклу, підготовці підручників, навчальних посібників, коментарів адміністративного, господарсько-процесуального законодавства України; у науково-дослідницькій роботі студентів. Положення дисертації можуть бути використані у процесі підготовки підручників, навчальних посібників, під час викладання курсу «Адміністративне право», «Судові та правоохоронні органи», «Право інтелектуальної власності» та спецкурсу «Теоретичні проблеми адміністративного права» тощо; у практичній правозастосовній діяльності – запропоновані рекомендації можуть бути застосовані при подальшому впроваджені започаткованої судової реформи як законодавчими органами, так і органами судової системи, зокрема в діяльності Державної судової адміністрації України, Вищої кваліфікаційної комісії суддів України тощо.
The study focuses on the administrative and legal conceptual foundations of the establishment and operation of the High Court of Intellectual Property in Ukraine, identifies strategic directions for further development of the institute of judicial protection of intellectual property rights in our country. The genesis of the institute of judicial protection of intellectual property rights in independent Ukraine contains the imprint of the Soviet totalitarian legal heritage and has gone through difficult stages of developing democratic principles of intellectual property, and still at the stage of building legal culture and legal awareness of citizens on intellectual property rights. at the stage of implementation of leading European and international principles, regulations, practices on the protection and enforcement of intellectual property in our country. Despite the lack of international obligations to establish a separate judicial specialization in intellectual property, global trends towards its separation or centralization in certain types of intellectual property disputes are increasing. However, the strategic plan to establish a specialized intellectual property court requires a careful analysis of the situation in the country as a whole, taking into account the peculiarities of its legal and judicial system and domestic real needs. The positive aspects expected from the establishment of the High Court of Intellectual Property are substantiated, in particular: the high rate of growth of judicial expertise in intellectual property protection, due to the narrow specialization of judges, which allows them to more effectively monitor innovation and change internationally. , and in the national legislation on protection of intellectual property; increasing the demand for expertise in the field of intellectual property, and, accordingly, increasing demand for specialists in this field, which increases the demand for training and legal awareness in this area; high level of efficiency and timeliness of decisions made by a specialized court, which contributes to the objective level of costs of litigation; consistency of case results, due to the limited number of judges, their narrow specialization, creation of case law, which helps to improve the overall state of protection of intellectual property rights in the state, because through successful case law domestic lawyers receive quality advice and can further prevent such litigation; The specialization of the court on intellectual property signals to society that the state government has increased attention to intellectual property rights, which increases the legal and social value of these rights, creates social pressure on offenders and reduces the likelihood of infringements against intellectual property rights. It is determined that during the establishment of the High Court of Intellectual Property such fundamental principles as specialization, instance and territoriality were ambiguously applied, which actually creates obstacles in its practical implementation. Proposals have been made to expand the jurisdiction of the newly established court (in particular, in each regional center, or by using the premises of local commercial courts, if necessary), taking into account the actual workload of the court. The place and role of each of the subjects of institutional influence in the formation of the High Court of Intellectual Property and in ensuring its activities (organizational support, personnel, information, financial, logistical) is determined. It is necessary to develop and adopt the Law of Ukraine "On the High Court of Intellectual Property", which will finally determine the jurisdiction of this court, supplementing it with cases of administrative offenses, customs in the field of intellectual property, and provide in the Commercial Procedural Code of Ukraine methods of protection of intellectual property rights provided by legal acts of the European Union. Foreign experience on the forms of implementation of specialized courts on intellectual property, their positive impact on the state of development of intellectual property and the main reservations arising from the experience of such courts, including their excessive politicization, corruption risks, cost of maintaining and operating such a court. It is established that the main risk of low efficiency of the established court in Ukraine may be the costly nature of intellectual property disputes, lack of public funding in this area, cause financial burden on the parties to the dispute, which creates the risk of inaccessibility of justice in economic terms. Another risk that characterizes Ukrainian society is the risk of corruption arising from the fact that due to the narrow specialization of the High Court of Intellectual Property in cases, a narrow number of judges are accepted, usually lawyers who specialize in these disputes and involve the same experts, which threatens to establish close ties between these persons, the establishment of corrupt ties between them. It is proposed to strengthen organizational measures to launch the newly created court and complete the competition for the position of a judge of the High Court of Intellectual Property; amendments to the Commercial Procedural Code of Ukraine, the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine and the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine in order to resolve problems regarding the jurisdiction of the newly created court, the procedural mechanism for reviewing cases involving state bodies and recognizing the trademark well-known, participation in litigation, and other mentioned problems in the procedural sphere; inclusion at the level of procedural law in the jurisdiction of the High Court of Intellectual Property consideration in the first instance of all cases in disputes arising in the relevant field, including disputes with public law component involving state and local governments, as well as physical persons who do not have the status of a business entity, in particular: cases concerning the existence of intellectual property rights; cases of violation of such a right; cases in disputes over unfair competition related to the use of intellectual property rights; it is desirable to adopt a special law on the High Court of Intellectual Property, as decided in relation to the High Anti-Corruption Court, defining the principles of organization and features of ensuring the activities of the High Court of Intellectual Property, including the Court of Appeal; enshrining at the legislative level norms aimed at ensuring the independence and impartiality of the Appeals Chamber (determining the costs of maintaining the Appeals Chamber on a separate line in the State Budget of Ukraine, placing the Appeals Chamber in a building separate from the Supreme Court chambers of intellectual property that administer justice in the first instance). The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the fact that the dissertation is the first in Ukraine comprehensive study of the problem of administrative and legal bases of formation and activity of the High Court on intellectual property, its administrative and legal status, on the basis of which the main provisions of the concept of judicial protection Ukraine. As a result of the research, new author's conclusions and provisions were formed, formed and proposed personally by the applicant. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the conclusions and proposals presented in the dissertation can be used: in the research sphere - for further development of theoretical and practical problems of administrative and legal conceptual bases of creation and activity of the High Court on intellectual property; in law-making - for further improvement of the system of administrative-legal norms, economic-procedural norms, which provide for the conditions of establishment and activity of the Supreme Court on intellectual property issues, its competence and jurisdiction; in the educational process - during the teaching of disciplines of the administrative and legal cycle, preparation of textbooks, manuals, comments on administrative, economic and procedural legislation of Ukraine; in research work of students. The provisions of the dissertation can be used in the process of preparing textbooks, manuals, during the teaching of the course "Administrative Law", "Judicial and Law Enforcement", "Intellectual Property Law" and a special course "Theoretical Problems of Administrative Law", etc .; in practical law enforcement - the proposed recommendations can be applied in the further implementation of the initiated judicial reform by both the legislature and the judiciary, in particular in the activities of the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine, the High Qualifications Commission of Judges of Ukraine, etc.

Відновити довіру іноземного інвестора, а в перспективі й українського до судової системи можливо двома шляхами – покращенням роботи МКАС при ТПП України або утворенням нового судового органу – Вищого інвестиційного суду України. У випадку утворення такого органу потрібно буде зменшити обсяг юрисдикції діючих загальних та спеціалізованих судів, а також кількість посад суддів та обслуговуючого персоналу. Восстановить доверие иностранного инвестора, а в перспективе и украинского к судебной системе возможно двумя путями – улучшением работы МКАС при ТПП Украины или образованием нового судебного органа – Высшего инвестиционного суда Украины. В случае образования такого органа нужно будет уменьшить объем юрисдикции действующих общих и специализированных судов, а также количество должностей судей и обслуживающего персонала.
It is possible to restore the confidence of a foreign investor, and in the future the Ukrainian one, in the judicial system in two ways: by improving the work of the International Commercial Arbitration Court at the Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce and Industry or by creating a new judicial body – the High Investment Court of Ukraine. If such a body is formed, it will be necessary to reduce the scope of jurisdiction of the existing general and specialized courts, as well as the number of posts of judges and service personnel.

Відновити довіру іноземного інвестора, а в перспективі й українського до судової системи можливо двома шляхами – покращенням роботи МКАС при ТПП України або утворенням нового судового органу – Вищого інвестиційного суду України. У випадку утворення такого органу потрібно буде зменшити обсяг юрисдикції діючих загальних та спеціалізованих судів, а також кількість посад суддів та обслуговуючого персоналу.
Восстановить доверие иностранного инвестора, а в перспективе и украинского к судебной системе возможно двумя путями – улучшением работы МКАС при ТПП Украины или образованием нового судебного органа – Высшего инвестиционного суда Украины. В случае образования такого органа нужно будет уменьшить объем юрисдикции действующих общих и специализированных судов, а также количество должностей судей и обслуживающего персонала.
It is possible to restore the confidence of a foreign investor, and in the future the Ukrainian one, in the judicial system in two ways: by improving the work of the International Commercial Arbitration Court at the Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce and Industry or by creating a new judicial body – the High Investment Court of Ukraine. If such a body is formed, it will be necessary to reduce the scope of jurisdiction of the existing general and specialized courts, as well as the number of posts of judges and service personnel.

Cette thèse propose une analyse de la « cour royale » égyptienne sous la XXVIème dynastie saïte (664-525 av. J.-C.) à partir des sources majoritairement textuelles (privées et royales) et historiques. Le volume de synthèse se développe autour de trois axes principaux traitant la « cour » dans son acception sociale, telle qu’on l’entend dans la sociologie historique. La première partie est ainsi consacrée à l’étude de la cour comme la Maison du souverain afin d’éclairer l’ensemble des activités qui caractérisent la « vie de cour » et son organisation domestique et qui rendent l’espace curial « privé » ou « officiel ». La deuxième partie examine la cour dans son agencement social et en tant qu’outil de représentation et de communication : ce sont alors le protocole du palais royal et son rôle-clef dans le maintien de l’équilibre social entre les souverains saïtes et leurs sujets (système des faveurs–ḥswt) qui sont analysés. La troisième partie se concentre sur les acteurs sociaux de la Résidence du roi (les courtisans et l’entourage royal) et tente de démontrer les différentes catégories auxquelles appartiennent ces élites et de déceler les modalités de leurs accès au palais et au rang de « courtisan modèle » dans la hiérarchie de la cour. Enfin, l’enquête diachronique suivie tout au long de la synthèse permet de mieux connaître l’impact des emprunts archaïsants dans le système palatin saïte, et par conséquent, d’évaluer la continuité et/ou le changement de ce système par rapport aux modèles traditionnels de la cour pharaonique. Le volume du corpus regroupe un ensemble de données prosopographiques appartenant à plus de 130 officiers royaux. Un troisième volume est consacré à la bibliographie générale, aux annexes et index
This thesis offers an analysis of the Egyptian "royal court" under the XXVIth Saite Dynasty (664-525 BC) based on textual (private and official records) and historical sources. The synthesis develops around three main axes and deals with the "Court" in its social meaning as defined by the historical sociology. The first part, then, concentrates on the study of the court as the House of the sovereign and attempts to identify the activities which characterize the "court life", its domestic organization and which make the curial space "private" or "official". The second part examines the court as a symbol of social order and the outil of representation and communication of the monarchic authority: the protocol of the Royal palace and its key role to maintain the social balance between the Saite kings and their subjects (system of the favours ḥswt) are analyzed here. The third part focuses on the social actors of the Residence (courtiers and royal entourage) and tends to demonstrate the various categories of these elites and to reveal the modalities of their accesses to the palace and to the position of "model courtier" within the hierarchical order of the court. Finally, the diachronic study followed throughout the synthesis allows to better comprehend the impact of the Archaism on the Saite palace institution and consequently to estimate the continuity and/or the changes of this system compared to the traditional models of the Pharaonic court. The corpus includes a group of prosopographical data belonging to more than 130 royal high officials. The third volume is composed of three sections general bibliography, appendices and indexes

The advance of internet applications, such as video streaming, big data and cloud computing, is reshaping the telecommunication and internet industries. Bandwidth demands in datacentres have been boosted by these emerging data-hungry internet applications. Regarding inter- and intra-datacentre communications, fine-grained data need to be exchanged across a large shared memory space. Large-scale high-speed optical switches tend to use a rearrangeably non-blocking architecture as this limits the number of switching elements required. However, this comes at the expense of requiring more sophisticated route selection within the switch and also some forms of time-slotted protocols. The looping algorithm is the classical routing algorithm to set up paths in rearrangeably non-blocking switches. It was born in the electronic switch era, where all links in the switches are equal. It is, therefore, not able to accommodate loss difference between optical paths due to the different length of waveguides and distinct numbers of crossings, and bends, leading to sub-optimal performance. We, therefore, propose an advanced path-selection algorithm based on the looping algorithm that minimises the path-dependent loss. It explores all possible set-ups for a given connection assignment and selects the optimal one. It guarantees that no individual path would have a sufficiently substantial loss, therefore, improve the overall performance of the switch. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been assessed by modelling switches using the VPI simulator. An 8×8 Clos-tree switch demonstrates a 2.7dB decrease in loss and 1.9dB improvement in IPDR with 1.5 dB penalty for the worst case. An 8×8 dilated Beneš shows more than 4 dB loss reduction for the lossiest path and 1.4 dB IPDR improvement for 1 dB power penalty. The improved algorithm can be run once for each switch design and store its output in a compact lookup table, enabling rapid switch reconfiguration. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based optical switches have been fabricated with over 1,000 ports which meet the port count requirements in data centre networks. However, the reconfiguration speed of the MEMS switches is limited to the millisecond to microsecond timescale, which is not sufficient for packet switching in datacentres. Opto-electronic devices, such as Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) with nanosecond response time show the potential to fulfil the requirements of packet switching. However, the scalability of MZI switches is inherently limited by insertion loss and accumulated crosstalk, while the scalability of SOA switches is restricted by accumulated noise and distortion. We, therefore, have proposed a dilated Beneš hybrid MZI-SOA design, where MZIs are implemented as 1×2 or 2×1 low-loss switching elements, minimising crosstalk by using a single input, and where short SOAs are included as gain or absorption units, offering either loss compensation or crosstalk suppression though adding only minimal noise and distortion. A 4×4 device has been fabricated and exhibits a mere 1.3dB loss, an extinction ratio of 47dB, and more than 13dB IPDR for a 0.5dB power penalty. When operating with 10 Gb/s per port, 6pJ/bit energy consumption is demonstrated, delivering 20% reduced energy consumption compared with SOA-based switches. The tolerance of the current control accuracy of this switch is very broad. Within a 5 mA bias current range, the power penalty can be maintained below 0.2 dB for 8 dB IPDR and 12 mA for 10 dB IPDR with a penalty less 0.5 dB. The excellent crosstalk and power penalty performance demonstrated by this chip enable the scalability of this hybrid approach. The performance of 16×16 port dilated Beneš hybrid switch is experimentally assessed by cascading 4×4 switch chips, demonstrating an IPDR of 15 dB at a 1 dB penalty with a 0.6 dB power penalty floor. In terms of switches with port count larger than 16×16, the power penalty performance has been analysed with physical layer simulations fitted with state-of-the-art data. We assess the feasibility of three potential topologies, with different architectural optimisations: dilated Beneš, Beneš and Clos-Beneš. Quantitative analysis for switches with up to 2048 ports is presented, achieving a 1.15dB penalty for a BER of 10-3, compatible with soft-decision forward error correction.

As courts in separation-of-powers systems are said to have the power of neither the purse nor the sword, their institutional legitimacy is essential for ensuring compliance with their decisions. While institutional legitimacy has been examined in-depth for national high courts, the legitimacy of sub-national courts has been overlooked. In this dissertation I develop a new measure of court-level institutional legitimacy for state high courts. I use multilevel regression and poststratification to create state-level measures from individual-level survey results. In this dissertation, I develop a theory of review and delegation by state high courts. I argue that these courts work toward two main goals: implementing their policy preferences and maintaining the legitimacy of their institution. I argue for a two-stage process that considers whether or not the court will decide on the constitutionality of a statute in the first stage and whether they will overturn the statute and delegate policy control back to the other branches of government in the second. Relying on the literatures on both institutional legitimacy and political delegation, I suggest that courts may delegate policy control back to the other branches of government by specifically stating this in their opinion. Finally, I examine the conditions under which a state high court will delegate to either the state legislature or the executive branch. Overall, I find that legitimacy is important when considering state high court decision-making; and it must be considered along with political context and institutional rules as one of the central motivations for state high courts in separation of powers theories.

Дисертацію присвячено теоретичним та правовим проблемам адміністративно-правового забезпечення діяльності господарських судів в Україні. Запропоновано удосконалення визначення таких понять, як "організація господарських судів", "адміністративні правовідносини за участю господарських судів", "функції господарських судів як суб’єктів адміністративного права", "апарат господарського суду" тощо. Проаналізовано положення науково-правових джерел, на підставі яких визначено основні недоліки сучасного адміністративного законодавства у сфері регулювання організації та забезпечення діяльності господарських судів в Україні. З метою подальшого удосконалення національного законодавства і практики його застосування сформульовано пропозиції щодо необхідності внесення відповідних змін та доповнень до чинного законодавства України, зокрема Закону "Про судоустрій і статус суддів", обгрунтовано необхідність прийняття Положення про порядок оцінювання особистих морально-психологічних якостей кандидата на посаду судді, запропоновано розробити Стандартизовану програму підготовки суддів Касаційного господарського суду у складі Верховного Суду тощо.
Диссертация посвящена теоретическим и правовым проблемам административно-правового обеспечения деятельности хозяйственных судов в Украине. Предложено усовершенствование определения таких понятий, как "организация хозяйственных судов", "административные правоотношения с участием хозяйственных судов", "функции хозяйственных судов как субъектов административного права", "аппарат хозяйственного суда" и другие. Обосновано, что значение хозяйственных судов в судебной и правоохранительной системах Украины заключается в: 1) обеспечении ими экономической безопасности и дисциплины, что является неотъемлемой составляющей национальной безопасности государства; 2) создании благоприятных условий для устойчивого и надежного развития хозяйственных правоотношений, защите экономической конкуренции и добросовестности субъектов хозяйствования; 3) защите прав, свобод и интересов участников хозяйственных правоотношений, а также лиц, чьих интересов они касаются; 4) защите корпоративных и связанных с ними прав участников хозяйственных правоотношений, в том числе в отношениях с владельцами хозяйственных обществ; 5) защите прав кредиторов при признании субъекта предпринимательской деятельности банкротом и др. Указано, что функции хозяйственных судов как субъектов административного права – это обусловленные целью осуществления правосудия в хозяйственном судопроизводстве основные направления их деятельности, в которых находят воплощение властные полномочия хозяйственных судов. Функции хозяйственных судов как субъектов административного права делятся на две большие группы по критерию их целевой направленности: 1) административные функции, реализуемые в связи с осуществлением правосудия в хозяйственном судопроизводстве: осуществление подготовительно-организационных действий, предшествующих рассмотрению хозяйственного дела; судебное руководство ходом рассмотрения и решения хозяйственного дела; обеспечение одинакового и правильного применения судами норм материального и процессуального права при рассмотрении хозяйственных дел и др.; 2) административные функции, выполняемые в связи с осуществлением судебного управления (внутриорганизационного или внешнего характера): представительские, контрольные, организационные, обеспечительные функции и функции взаимодействия и судейского самоуправления. Обозначено, что акты административно-правового регулирования можно классифицировать по критерию направления и характера их действия на: 1) международные акты, регламентирующие стандарты и принципы организации и функционирования судов, в том числе специализирующихся на рассмотрении хозяйственных дел; 2) внутринациональные законодательные акты – Конституция и законы Украины; 3) акты толкования административного законодательства – решения Конституционного Суда Украины, содержаще разъяснения отдельных положений Конституции и законов Украины в сфере регулирования административной деятельности хозяйственных судов; 4) организационно-распорядительные и другие административные акты органов судейского самоуправления, касающиеся решения внутренних вопросов деятельности хозяйственных судов, а также вопросов взаимодействия с другими субъектами; 5) административные акты других органов судебной системы, регламентирующие вопросы деятельности аппаратов хозяйственных судов и их взаимодействия с судейским корпусом и другие вопросы в сфере административной деятельности хозяйственных судов. Проанализированы положения научно-правовых источников, на основании которых определены основные недостатки современного административного законодательства в сфере регулирования организации и обеспечения деятельности хозяйственных судов в Украине. С целью дальнейшего совершенствования национального законодательства и практики его применения сформулированы предложения о необходимости внесения соответствующих изменений и дополнений в действующее законодательство Украины, в частности Закон "О судоустройстве и статусе судей", обоснована необходимость принятия Положения о порядке оценки личных морально-психологических качеств кандидата на должность судьи, предложено разработать Стандартизированную программу подготовки судей Хозяйственного кассационного суда Верховного суда Украины и др.
The dissertation is devoted to the theoretical and legal problems of administrative and legal support of activity of economic courts in Ukraine. The paper proposes improvement of the definition of such concepts as "organization of economic courts", "administrative legal relations with the participation of economic courts", "functions of economic courts as subjects of administrative law", "apparatus of economic court" and others. The article analyzes the situation of scientific and legal sources on the basis of which the main shortcomings of modern administrative legislation in the sphere of regulation of organization and provision of activity of economic courts in Ukraine are determined. In order to further improve the national legislation and practice of its application, proposals are made regarding the necessity of making appropriate amendments and additions to the current legislation of Ukraine, in particular, to the Law "On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges", the necessity to adopt the Regulation on the procedure for evaluating the personal moral and psychological qualities of the candidate for the position of a judge, it is proposed to develop a Standardized training program for judges of the Economic Court of Cassation of the Supreme Court, etc.

This work presents the development of an x-ray detector system for the multispectral detection of x-rays used in a Bottle Scanner. This system is designed to identify liquid explosives concealed within bottles taken onto aircraft. The Bottle Scanner works by calculating the transmission spectrum for a given bottle and its contents. This is then used as a fingerprinting technique in order to identify the presence of liquid explosives. The main focus of this work is the design of the detector signal chain and particularly the pulse height detection algorithms for the acquisition of 32 bin x-ray spectra. The pulse height detection algorithms are implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The performance of such algorithms at high count rate is a key requirement for this application. Four such algorithms are discussed in this work, each with varying complexity and different approaches to pile up handling. The algorithms are simulated using a Monte Carlo approach where the random arrival rate of photons at the detector is modelled. Algorithms are then emulated using an Agilent DSO90254A oscilloscope before finally being programmed onto an FPGA and tested on a real system. The transmission curves produced in real Bottle Scanner systems show a deviation from those predicted by the underlying physics and exhibit a rollover at high energies. This is shown to be due to pulse pile up effects which are explored in detail. Depth of interaction effects are also investigated experimentally and by simulation using the Geant4 software package. The results of this are used to design a biparametric type algorithm which is capable of simultaneous pile up rejection and depth of interaction correction.

Le choc septique est la première cause de mortalité en réanimation. Des techniques extracorporelles de purification sanguine sont aujourd'hui proposées pour améliorer le pronostic de cette pathologie. Leur mode d'action est basé sur l'immunomodulation de la réponse inflammatoire systémique de l'hôte, obtenue principalement par épuration nonsélective des médiateurs de l'inflammation. Nous rapportons les résultats de différentes études in vitro, animales et cliniques ayant évalué les techniques de purification sanguine suivantes :hémofiltration à haut débit, hémofiltration en cascade, hémofiltration hautement adsorbante,filtration et adsorption couplée, hémoadsorption, et hémodialyse à haute perméabilité.Ce travail de recherche translationnelle montre que les techniques de purification sanguine sont non seulement capables d'épurer les médiateurs de l'inflammation mais aussi l'endotoxine pour l'hémofiltration hautement adsorbante et l'hémoadsorption. Nous démontrons par ailleurs la faisabilité technique, la sécurité d'application et les intérêts del'hémofiltration en cascade et de l'hémodialyse continue à haute perméabilité. Les effets hémodynamiques bénéfiques des techniques de purification sanguine sont également retrouvés. Pour les années à venir, il conviendra d'optimiser les techniques les plus performantes en tenant compte de leurs avantages et inconvénients respectifs. Sur le planphysiopathologique, l'effet plus direct de ces thérapies sur les leucocytes sera à approfondir. Il semble maintenant admis que convection, diffusion et adsorption ne doivent plus être opposés mais plutôt être considérés comme des mécanismes complémentaires

When Joseph Smith founded the Church of Christ in April 1830, he also established the framework for councils, the decision-making mechanism of the early Church. Early councils included a group of men holding the priesthood and often included a congregation. They would gather and make authoritative decisions, including if someone accused of wrongdoing was guilty and should receive formal disciplinary action. As the Church grew, Smith further developed this council system. Elders and high priests frequently formed councils, which gradually gave way to bishop's councils. In 1834, high councils began to establish an appellate court where disgruntled Church members could appeal their case. Later, Smith formed other disciplinary bodies and gave them limited jurisdictional authority. Depending on where they lived, Church members utilized different councils. Kirtland and Missouri principally used a bishop and high council, while other outlying congregations relied primarily on elder and high priest councils. Notwithstanding these organizational differences, early Church councils exhibited several consistent patterns. They encouraged individuals to reform their behavior, provided progressive rights to women and children, and inspired confidence in the system, even though Church leaders sometimes disagreed with individual rulings. Although often overlooked, early Church councils played a pivotal role in protecting and developing Church orthodoxy and orthopraxy.

The goal of genetic-based cancer research is often to identify which genes behave differently in cancerous and healthy tissue. This difference in behavior, referred to as differential expression, may lead researchers to more targeted preventative care and treatment. One way to measure the expression of genes is though a process called RNA-Seq, that takes physical tissue samples and maps gene products and fragments in the sample back to the gene that created it, resulting in a large read-count matrix with genes in the rows and a column for each sample. The read-counts for tumor and normal samples are then compared in a process called differential expression analysis. However, normalization of these read-counts is a necessary pre-processing step, in order to account for differences in the read-count values due to non-expression related variables. It is common in recent RNA-Seq normalization methods to also account for gene-level covariates, namely gene length in base pairs and GC-content, the proportion of bases in the gene that are Guanine and Cytosine. Here a colorectal cancer RNA-Seq read-count data set comprised of 30,220 genes and 378 samples is examined. Two of the normalization methods that account for gene length and GC-content, CQN and EDASeq, are extended to account for protein coding status as a third gene-level covariate. The binary nature of protein coding status results in unique computation issues. The results of using the normalized read counts from CQN, EDASeq, and four new normalization methods are used for differential expression analysis via the nonparametric Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test as well as the lme4 pipeline that produces per-gene models based on a negative binomial distribution. The resulting differential expression results are compared for two genes of interest in colorectal cancer, APC and CTNNB1, both of the WNT signaling pathway.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
公共行政與政策學系
105
According to the J.Y. Interpretation No. 490, the rules of Article 20 of the Constitution, The people have the obligation to perform military service. The Constitution is not expressly provided How the People Perform Their Military Service Obligations. The important matters concerning the people's military service By the Legislators consider the needs of national security and social development. As a result of too many soldiers and lack of manpower of the executive authorities, Executive Yuan Promulgated Enforcement Statute for Substitute Services on February 02, 2000, and it came into enforcement on May 01, 2000. But there are a lot of Management issues between the alternative service and the executive, causing opposition between them. This study uses Conflict management perspective theory to explore the Justice Alternative Service in the actual management of conflict situations, and interview Alternative service in Taiwan High Court Taichung Branch Court and Taiwan Taichung District Court. This study will be from the type of conflict, the causes of conflict and conflict management strategies as the main research, study the possible operation of conflict management in the Justice Alternative Service

The social contract is the link connecting a nation and its people: An intertwining and ever present bond between man and state. An inherent divide exists in this contract - a gap between the political theory and the societies that it governs. Lying in the middle of this rift is architecture, a powerful connection between man and state. In bridging the political divide architecture can become more than building because it represents a nation, its people and its laws. It can be the stage from which a nation addresses its people and from where the people connect to their government. This communication and interaction between state and citizen through architecture creates a space of inclusion that bridges the political divide. It becomes democratic in nature: a spatial justice

碩士
國立中興大學
國家政策與公共事務研究所
102
“Justice” holds the final perimeter to protect interest of people. "Court" is the organization to play this important role. However, job stress of judicial officer is usually heavier than other person because of the special job nature. This research is to study present job stress of judicial officer; analyze if well-being will be impacted by job stress and the relationship between these two factors by statistics analysis. This study aims to take judicial officer of Taichung branch of Taiwan High Court as an example and explore the relationship between work stress and happiness. The variables are job stress and well-being. Job stress covers 6 dimensions which comprises job itself, interpersonal relationship, job prospect and achievement, organizational structure and atmosphere, role conflict, and family factors. Well-being has 4 dimensions which includes physical and mental health, interpersonal harmony, self- affirmation, and life satisfaction. This research uses questionnaire for the judicial officer of Taichung branch of Taiwan High Court. 225 questionnaires were issued in total, received 157 effective questionnaires. The effective rate is 69.7%. It adopts SPSS statistics software to conduct reliability and validity analyses. Descriptive statistics analysis, inferential statistics and correlation analysis are used for data analysis. The summary of research result is as follows. 1.The judicial officers of Taichung branch of Taiwan High Court tend to disagree with work stress and tend to agree with well-being. 2.Most of people still want to remain in office of this organization though there is limited promotion opportunity. 3.The job stress of Taichung branch of Taiwan High Court is low to medium; Well-being is at medium to high level. 4.When workload is reduced, stress will be lower and well-being is relatively high. 5.Between current job stress and personal variable, only job titles of judiciary officers in work itself and interpersonal relationship meet significant difference. 6.There is no significant difference between well-being and personal factors. 7.There is significant negative correlation between workload and well-being. Finally, it provides suggestions based on research findings for future researchers.