Relevant bibliographies by topics / High carbon steel

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'High carbon steel'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "High carbon steel"

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Sarangi, Soumya Sourav, and Avala Lavakumar. "Application of Rietveld Refinement and Williamson Hall Analysis in Ultra-Low Carbon to High Carbon Steels." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.3.

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Current study deals with the microstructural characterization of five different plates of steel with carbon concentration ranging from ultra-low to moderately high. Phase analysis was carried out using XRD technique. The XRD results were analyzed through Rietveld refinement and Williamson Hall plots. Rietveld refinement was carried out to understand the effect of carbon concentration on the lattice parameters of the above steel samples in as-received condition and also after deformation under uni-axial tensile loading. Lattice parameters obtained from refinement showed the strong dependence on carbon concentration of the given steels. But the failed specimens showed somewhat complex results as Spheroidized high carbon steel, Low carbon steel and IF steel showed an increase in lattice parameter whereas Medium carbon steel and Microalloyed steel showed a contraction in lattice parameter. Williamson Hall plot gave the crystallite size, microstrain and dislocation density in the steels. For IF and Microalloyed steels the dislocation density in the material is found to be higher after deformation whereas dislocation density decreased in Spheroidized high carbon steel, Medium carbon steel and Low carbon steel.
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Li, Yang, Jing Wang, Jiaquan Zhang, Changgui Cheng, and Zhi Zeng. "Deformation and Structure Difference of Steel Droplets during Initial Solidification." High Temperature Materials and Processes 36, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2016-0113.

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AbstractThe surface quality of slabs is closely related with the initial solidification at very first seconds of molten steel near meniscus in mold during continuous casting. The solidification, structure, and free deformation for given steels have been investigated in droplet experiments by aid of Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope. It is observed that the appearances of solidified shells for high carbon steels and some hyper-peritectic steels with high carbon content show lamellar, while that for other steels show spherical. Convex is formed along the chilling direction for most steels, besides some occasions that concave is formed for high carbon steel at times. The deformation degree decreases gradually in order of hypo-peritectic steel, ultra-low carbon steel, hyper-peritectic steel, low carbon steel, and high carbon steel, which is consistent with the solidification shrinkage in macroscope during continuous casting. Additionally, the microstructure of solidified shell of hypo-peritectic steel is bainite, while that of hyper-peritectic steel is martensite.
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Warzecha, M., S. Garncarek, T. Merder, and Z. Skuza. "Identification of Relevant Work Parameters of Ladle Furnace While Melting the High Ductility Steel and High-Carbon Steel." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0052.

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In the present paper, secondary metallurgical treatment in ladle furnace during smelting the high carbon steel and steel with improved ductility for cold-deforming, under industrial conditions were analyzed. Common features of these steels are high requirements/strict standards imposed for their metallurgical purity; however they are especially exorbitant for improved ductility steels. In addition, it is widely used to specify alloying additives having significant weights- such as carbon and manganese - and explicitly restricted content of nitrogen requiring metal bath cover prior nitriding.
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Martinez, M. A., J. Abenojar, J. M. Mota, and R. Calabrés. "Ultra High Carbon Steels Obtained by Powder Metallurgy." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.328.

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The objective of the present work is to study the manufacturing process of steels with high carbon content (1.5–2.1wt%) obtained by powder metallurgy. The reference material was the Damascus steel, which was employed to manufacture swords named after it and has been widely known due to its very good mechanical properties. The main reasons of the success of this product are: the high carbon content of the initial steel and the thermomechanical treatment (forge and quenching) that ancient iron forgers kept secretly during centuries. Different carbon contents (2 to3 wt%) were added to the same Fe powder matrix (ASC 300), and compacted and sintered steels are heat laminated (750°C) with a reduction of 20%. For 2% carbon content, the result is a steel with yield strength of 450 MPa, Young’s Modulus of 14.3 GPa and hardness of 109 HV(30).
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Polishko, A. A., L. B. Medovar, A. P. Stovpchenko, E. V. Antipin, A. V. Didkovsky, and A. Yu Tunik. "Weldability of electroslag remelted high-carbon steel at flash-butt welding." Paton Welding Journal 2019, no. 3 (March 28, 2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2019.03.04.

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O, Velichko, Bezshkurenko O, Stovpchenko G, Ivashchenko V, Myanovska Ya, Chechenev V, and Brotsky O. "Problematic issues of high-carbon electrical steel production." Theory and practice of metallurgy, no. 5, 2021 (September 1, 2021): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/tpm.5.2021.03.

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Currently, wire rod for the production of wire from low-, medium- and high-carbon unalloyed and alloyed steels for springs, ropes, metal cord, welding electrodes and copper-plated wire for welding building structures, ship hulls, large-diameter pipes and main gas and oil pipelines is in demand on the world market. for the production of which it is not necessary to carry out softening annealing before drawing the wire rod or on an intermediate size of wire. The most responsible types of wire rod made of high carbon steel are wire rod, intended for the production of metal cord and high-strength reinforcing ropes. The above-mentioned products must have high consumer properties, the level of which largely depends on the formation of the structural state of the metal, including in the process of accelerated cooling from rolling heating. Currently, the volume of wire rod production in the world exceeds 50 million tons, which is explained by the wide range of finished products made from it - ropes, metal cord, springs, needles, strings, nets, fasteners, welding electrodes and other metal products. According to GOST 2590-2006, wire rods are round profiles with a diameter of 9.0 mm and less, round profiles with a diameter of 10.0 mm and more are classified as small-grade rental In foreign and domestic literature, wire rod is sometimes considered to be a round rolled product made of carbon, low- and high-alloy steels, produced on continuous wire mills and wire lines of small- and wire looms, regardless of the diameter, which reaches 26 mm. The main part of the wire rod is directed for further processing at steel wire and hardware enterprises. In recent years, the volume of production of wire rod from continuously cast blanks with a high degree has increased metallurgical purity, including for the production of particularly responsible products. For example, such as a metal cord, which has a high level of endurance, and in terms of strength, this type of product is divided by normative strength into normal (NT 2400 ... 2750 N / mm2), high (HT 2750 ... 3100 N / mm2), super high (ST 3100... 3450 N / mm2) and ultra-high-strength (UT 3450 ... 3750 N / mm2). Considerable attention is paid to the improvement of the high-carbon steel smelting process. Various methods are offered to ensure the purity of steel and the formation of high strength properties. To improve the plasticity of steels, alloying additives with a significant content of carbon and manganese are widely used limited nitrogen content. Processing at the ladle-furnace installation in the process of high-carbon smelting was analyzed steel with improved plasticity for cold deformation.
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Shimizu, Kazumichi, Takeshi Naruse, Yaer Xinba, Hideki Teramachi, Shinji Araya, and Masahide Ishida. "High Temperature Erosion Behaviors of High V-Cr-Ni Spheroidal Carbides Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.255.

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High temperature erosion occurs in production of the inorganic fibrous insulator in plant. Austenitic and martensitic stainless steels are often used for these severe high temperature erosion conditions. The paper presents erosion properties of some stainless steels, several cast iron and cast steel using a blast type high temperature erosion furnace. The solid particle erosion behavior at high temperatures (900°C) of carbon steel of S50C, carbon tool steel of SK3, SUS403, SUS630, and High V-Cr-Ni spheroidal carbides cast iron (SCI-VCrNi) are investigated. Alumina balls entrained in a stream of hot air impact on the target materials at an air velocity of 100 m/s. the impingement angle is 90°. The influence of the test temperature and the material removal are discussed. The high temperature erosion behaviors of specimens are discussed by the eroded surface morphology and vertical section observation using SEM and optical microscopy observations.
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Chen, Chen, Hua Ma, Fei Wang, Zhinan Yang, Fucheng Zhang, and Zehui Yan. "Influence of Carbon Content on Tensile Properties of Pure High Manganese Austenitic Steel." Coatings 12, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 1622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111622.

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The tensile properties of high manganese austenitic steels with a carbon content ranging from 0.79 to 1.28 wt.% were tested. X-ray diffraction, electron backscattering diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and optical microscopy were used to observe the microstructures after tensile deformation. Results showed that the strength and plasticity of these high manganese austenitic steels increased with increasing carbon content. The tensile strength and elongation of the 130Mn11 steel reached 941 MPa and 38.2%, respectively. The 0.79% carbon-containing steel (80Mn11) formed the most deformation twins at the same strain because of the low stacking fault energy, which resulted in a high strain hardening rate. However, this high strain hardening rate was unsustainable, and the tensile properties of the 80Mn11 steel were the worst, with its tensile strength nearly 200 MPa lower than that of the 130Mn11 steel. In the case of the 1.28% carbon-containing steel (130Mn11), the relatively low density of deformation twins, the large number of dislocations, and intensified DSA effect made the steel display a moderate strain hardening rate, which facilitated the sustainability of deformation, and an excellent combination of strength and plasticity were obtained.
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Martínez-Cázares, G. M., D. E. Lozano, M. P. Guerrero-Mata, R. Colás, and G. E. Totten. "High-Speed Quenching of High Carbon Steel." Materials Performance and Characterization 3, no. 4 (September 19, 2014): 20140021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/mpc20140021.

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Kuang, Shuang, Xiu Mei Qi, and Yun Han. "Analysis of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Two Hot Dip Galvanized Dual-Phase Steels with Different Alloy Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.198.

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The microstructures and mechanical properties of a high carbon DP steel and a low carbon Nb microalloying DP steel were investigated. The two types of DP steels have both qualified to meet European standard performance. But the high carbon content DP steel exhibits relatively low elongation and low hole expansion rate as well as poor bending performance. The martensite island in high carbon DP steel appears obvious band structure, and the size of martensite islands is big. Contrary, the matensite islands in low carbon and Nb microalloying DP steel are dispersed and fine, which lead to perfect comprehensive performance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "High carbon steel"

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Kim, Bae-Kyun. "High temperature oxidation of low carbon steel." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19519.

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The quality of steel may be seriously affected by the surface defects that appear on slab surfaces after hot rolling. These defects are related to iron oxidation and, in order to reduce the occurrence of these defects, it is necessary to better understand the formation of iron oxides during high temperature oxidation and the oxide descaling mechanisms. However, systematic research tools and experimental strategies for addressing these issues have not yet been developed. In addition, the mechanisms of oxide cracking and failure have not been understood. In this thesis, research tools and strategies are proposed for studying the high temperature oxidation of low carbon steels. These tools allow the presentation of new data on the phase composition of iron oxides at elevated temperature, characteristics of iron oxide formation, oxide microstructure and texture, oxide defects, and stress distributions in different oxide layers, as well as residual stresses. The microscopic model that was proposed for description of oxide failure allows better understanding of the mechanism for surface defect formation during hot rolling. To describe the dynamics of phase composition changes in textured oxides at elevated temperature, a new phase analysis method is proposed. This x-ray diffraction phase analysis is based on the Rietveld and Dickson's methods, and is used for investigating the effect of alloying elements on the oxidation process. This method was also adopted to track in-situ phase composition changes during high temperature oxidation of commercial low carbon steels. The structure of oxides on low carbon steels, pure iron, and Si-steels was systematically examined by orientation imaging microscopy (OIM). It is demonstrated that OIM can be an invaluable tool for visualizing the oxide microstructure texture and studies of oxide defects. In order to simulate industrial hot rolling of oxidized steel sheet, high temperature oxidations tests were made in the tube furnace up to 950°C, in air. The oxidation process and microstructure development were described using OIM maps including image quality (IQ) and inverse pole figure (IPF) maps. The three different iron oxides phases could be distinguished and the characteristics of oxides with different oxidation histories were compared. Iron oxides developed during high temperature oxidation consisted of wustite (FeO), magnetite (Fe304), and hematite (Fe20s) structures with varying texture, grain shape and size. In order to understand the mechanical properties of iron oxides, residual stresses in the three iron oxides phases were assessed using a specially designed x-ray stress measurement system. The stress distributions in the oxide layers were also simulated using finite element simulation of the hot rolling process.
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Paul, Graeme William Alexander. "Strain aging of high carbon steel wire." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366744.

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Kuno, Masato. "Fretting damage of high carbon chromium bearing steel." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13207/.

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This thesis consists of four sections, the fretting wear properties of high carbon chromium bearing steel; the effect of debris during fretting wear; an introduction of a new fretting wear test apparatus used in this study; and the effects of fretting damage parameters on rolling bearings. The tests were operated under unlubricated conditions. Using a crossed cylinder contact arrangement, the tests were carried out with the normal load of 3N, slip amplitude of 50µm, and frequency of 30Hz at room temperature. The new fretting wear test rig consists of a sphere-on-plate arrangement, and the normal load and slip amplitude were variously changed. Using the new test rig, the tests were performed both at room temperature and 200℃, and tensile stresses were applied to the lower stationary specimens during the fretting wear tests. In the fretting wear tests after tempering at 200,230,260 and 350℃ in air, the high carbon chromium bearing steel showed low coefficients of friction due to a glaze type oxide film. In the fretting wear tests at 200℃, a very low coefficient of friction was obtained. Consequently, the oxide films on high carbon chromium bearing steel tempered at 200,230,260 and 350℃ were thought to be protective in fretting damage. Fretting wear volumes were measured using different specimen combinations and fretting oscillatory directions relative to the axes of the cylindrical specimens, although of the same material couples. It has been found that fretting wear volume is significantly governed by frictional energy (fretting damage per unit area) and frequency of metal-to-metal contact, as determined by electrical contact resistance measurements. Metal-to-metal contact was observed throughout the whole stage of fretting wear even in the case of full slip fretting wear. Fretting crack initiation is encouraged but fretting crack propagation rate is not significantly affected by high normal loads. Compressive residual stresses in the subsurface have little influence on crack initiation, but have a large influence on crack propagation rate. In the study of fracture induced by fretting wear, a critical slip amplitude which led to the shortest fracture life was identified. With the critical slip amplitude (35 µm), a higher coefficient of friction was obtained, and this result suggested a significant effect of coefficient of friction on fracture induced by fretting wear (or fretting fatigue). The mechanisms of fretting wear and fretting fatigue were also discussed. Fretting wear is predominantly governed by the total tangential shear strain due to fretting oscillation. In contrast, fretting fatigue is dominated by the maximum alternating tangential shear strain energy. As coefficient of friction affects significantly both the total tangential shear strain and the maximum alternating tangential shear strain energy, it is thought to be the most important factor which needs to be controlled to reduce damage by both fretting wear and fretting fatigue.
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Sung, Pil Kyung 1961. "Segregation and structure in continuously cast high carbon steel." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277066.

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After hot rolling, the presense of segregation in the center of wire-rod can lead to a nonuniform transformation, resulting in bands of martensite in the microstructure. This is considered to be a defect, called center-martensite, because it can cause cracks and breaks during wire drawing. To identify the mechanism for the formation of center-martensite in wire-rod, the structure, macrosegregation and microsegregation in unworked billets were characterized. Based on measurements of secondary dendrite arm spacings, cooling rates during solidification were estimated. It appears that the macrosegregation of carbon and manganese in the billets manifests itself as the microsegregation in wire-rod, which is an agent in forming the center-martensite. Thus, electromagnetic stirring is proposed as a means to reduce the macrosegregation in the billet and, thereby, reduce the occurrence of center-martensite in wire-rod.
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Steiner, J. L. d'E. "High carbon stainless steels for petrochemical steam reformers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355861.

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Crowe, David Charles. "The high temperature electrochemical behavior of carbon steel in alkaline sulfide solutions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25567.

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The high temperature, high pressure electrochemical behavior of A516 Gr. 70 carbon steel in aqueous alkaline sulfide solutions was studied by means of polarization tests and cyclic volt-ammetry. The effects of variation of temperature (90-150°C), sulfide concentration (0-3 m), scan rate (1-50 mV/s) and scan range, and the effects of stirring and polarization at the switching potentials between scans were investigated. Passivation was consistent with formation of a protective Fe₂O₃ film. An understanding of the electrochemical behavior of iron in the alkaline sulfide solutions was facilitated by the construction of E-pH diagrams for S-H₂0 and Fe-S-H₂O systems at 25, 100 and 150°C. Sulfide, S²-, currently considered to be stable only at extremely high pH, was excluded from the E-pH diagrams. Reference electrodes, compatible with sulfide solution, were designed for use with an autoclave. The response of the Ag/Ag₂S electrode (SSSE) to variation of temperature, sulfide and hydroxide concentration, and chloride addition was studied. Liquid junction potential and thermal liquid junction potential corrections were applied. The SSSE was not reliably predictable thermodynamically, but was stable and was proven effective in the polarization study. The electrochemical potentials of inert metal reference electrodes, Hg and Pt, were found to be consistent with the mixed potential between polysulfide Sײ⁻, and thiosulfate, S₂O₃²⁻. The Tafel slopes from anodic polarization curves of Pt in alkaline sulfide solutions were consistent with oxidation of HS⁻ to S₂0₃²⁻ at the mixed potential. At more noble potentials, oxidation to polysulfide occurred. Reaction path mechanisms were proposed. Understanding of sulfide oxidation aided in interpretation of the electrochemical behavior of steel in the alkaline sulfide solutions.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of
Graduate
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Massé, Thomas. "Study and optimization of a high carbon steel flat wires." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP1672.

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Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation par éléments finis des procédés de mises en forme à froid, que sont le tréfilage et le laminage. Tout d'abord le comportement mécanique des aciers haut carbone a été mesuré grâce à une large campagne d'essais expérimentaux tout au long de cette gamme de mise en forme et une progressive anisotropie mécanique a été observée au cours du tréfilage. Puis, la simulation numérique du tréfilage et du laminage a été réalisée à l'aide de FORGE2005®. Le résultat principal concerne la prédiction de l'élargissement en fin de laminage qui est très imprécise avec une loi isotrope (sous estimation de la largeur de 10%). Cette sous-estimation passe à 5% avec une loi de comportement anisotrope. Ensuite, une troisième partie a porté sur l'étude microstructurale couplée à une analyse des mécanismes d'endommagement des aciers perlitiques au cours du tréfilage et du laminage. L'anisotropie mécanique provient de l'alignement des colonies de perlite au tréfilage et par l'apparition d'une orientation cristallographique préférentielle. Trois mécanismes d'endommagement ont pu être identifiés au cours du tréfilage. Lors du passage au laminage, les cinétiques de propagation de l'endommagement sont modifiées. La simulation a permis d'apporter des informations supplémentaires et de valider les observations expérimentales. Enfin, des calculs d'optimisation du tréfilage ont été effectués et ont permis d'étudier la sensibilité des fonctions objectifs (endommagement et force de tréfilage) aux paramètres d'optimisation (géométrie de filière). De plus, cette étude a mis en évidence que les solutions optimales diffèrent en fonction du choix de la fonction coût et qu'il est possible de diminuer l'endommagement sans trop augmenter la force de tréfilage et le risque de rupture
This thesis deals with the numerical simulation of cold forming processes, i. E. Wire drawing and rolling. First, high carbon steel mechanical behaviour was measured from experiments throughout this range of steel forming and a progressive mechanical anisotropy has been observed during drawing. Secondly, numerical simulations, with FORGE2005®, have been run to simulate the material behaviour during wire drawing and rolling. The main results show that the widening prediction, with an isotropic behaviour law, is not accurate with an underestimation of 10% on the total width. This underestimation is only 5% when an anisotropic behaviour is used. Then, a microstructural study coupled with an analysis of damage mechanisms was done on high carbon pearlitic steels during wire drawing and rolling. The mechanical anisotropy comes from the orientation of the pearlitic colonies in the drawing, and by the emergence of a preferential crystallographic texture. Three damage mechanisms have been identified during drawing. During rolling, damage expansion kinetics are changed because of heterogeneous strain. Simulation enabled to bring further information and to validate previous experimental observations. Finally, drawing optimization calculations have been performed and enabled to study the sensitivity of the cost functions (damage and drawing force) to optimization parameters (drawing die geometry). Moreover this study highlighted that optimal solution depends on the choice of the cost function and identified an opportunity to reduce damage by reducing the die angle without increasing the axial stresses and the fracture risk
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Fang, Haitao. "Low Temperature and High Salt Concentration Effects on General CO2 Corrosion for Carbon Steel." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1163794555.

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Dixon, Philip R. "The thermomechanical properties of 224-carbon steel at high strain rates." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1990. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6821.

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Olsson, Sara, and Linn Efsing. "Wear testing of high-alloy carbon steel used in mining tools." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124595.

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Wear is a commonly occurring degradation mechanism for materials and components in the rock drilling industry. The wear can occur by either abrasion or adhesive wear. Further corrosion and presence of water or other lubricating fluids with or without particles may influence the behavior. Which mechanism, or mechanisms, and under which conditions it occurs, as well as the relative wear rate is dependent on the actual operating conditions for the component. In the present study, commonly available and general test methods for wear on high-alloy carbon steel has been analyzed. The project has been carried out through literature reviews and study visits at the tribology laboratory at KTH and at the Angstroms laboratory at Uppsala University. The present study indicates that it is difficult to suggest a feasible test method that is possible to use for all different situations of the wear that may occur. A test adapted to the actual situation is required to achieve a proper wear rate comparable to the wear rate in a real application.  According to the requirements from Ovako AB, a test that is general, cost effective and can be used when developing steel with higher wear-resistance, following wear testing methods has been compared: a pin-on-disk apparatus, a dry/wet sand/rubber wheel, a dry/wet sand/steel wheel, a tumbling mill, a particle erosion rig, a solid particle impingement using gas jets and a grinding machine. The tumbling mill, the grinder and the “Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-On- Disk Apparatus” correspond to the requirements best. Ovako AB is recommended to continue the work with these testing methods.
Nötning är en vanlig mekanism som orsakar nedbrytning på material i gruvindustrin. Nötningen kan förekomma som abrasiv eller adhesiv nötning. Korrosion och närvaro av vatten eller andra smörjande vätskor med eller utan lösa partiklar kan påverka beteendet. Den eller de mekanismer som styr nötningen såväl som nötningstalet beror på de aktuella förhållanden vilka materialet eller materialen verkar i. I denna studie har en generell testmetod för att utvärdera nötning på höglegerat kolstål har undersökts. Arbetet har genomförts genom litteratursökning samt studiebesök vid tribologiska laboratoriet på KTH samt på Ångströmska i Uppsala. Utifrån arbetet har det visat sig att det inte förekommer några generella nötningstest för alla applikationer, då det krävs ett test som är anpassat efter verkligheten för att få ut korrekt nötningstal. Utifrån Ovako ABs önskemål om ett generellt test som är ekonomiskt hållbart samt kan användas för att utveckla nötningsbeständigheten i de stål där nötning förekommer har följande testmetoder jämförts: pinne/skiva-maskin, blött/torrt sand/gummihjul, blött/torrt sand/stålhjul, roterande trumma, ”Erofugen”, partikelsprutare och en slipmaskin. De test som motsvarar kravprofilen bäst är den roterande trumman, slipmaskinen samt den standardiserade pinne/skiva-maskinen. Utifrån dessa testmetoder rekommenderas Ovako AB att fortsätta arbetet.
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Books on the topic "High carbon steel"

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Carbon and high strength low alloy steel. [Warrendale, PA]: Iron and Steel Society, 1991.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Carbon and high strength low alloy steel. [Warrendale, Pa.]: Iron & Steel Society, 1998.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Carbon, high strength low alloy, and alloy. Warrendale, PA: Iron and Steel Society, 1995.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Rolled floor plates, carbon, high strength low alloy, and alloy steel. [Warrendale, Pa.]: Iron and Steel Society, 1991.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Rolled floor plates, carbon, high strength low alloy, and alloy steel. [Warrendale, Pa.]: Iron and Steel Society, 1997.

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Elsudani, Abuagila H. Ali. Development of ultra-high strength in low carbon steel wire. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Sheet steel: Carbon, high strength low alloy, alloy, uncoated, metallic coated, coil coated, coils, cut lengths, corrugated products. Warrendale, Pa: Iron and Steel Society, 1999.

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Society, Iron and Steel. Pocketbook of tolerances and metallurgical information: Strip steels : carbon, high strength low alloy, alloy. Warrendale, PA: Iron & Steel Society, 2001.

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M, Cobb Harold, and Iron and Steel Society, eds. Steel products manual.: Carbon, high strength low alloy, and alloy coils and cut lengths (including coated products). Warrendale, PA: Iron and Steel Society, 1988.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Pocketbook of tolerances for dimensions for sheet steel (including coated products): Carbon high-strength low-alloy, alloy. Warrendale, PA: Iron & Steel Society, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "High carbon steel"

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Samuelsson, Anders, Falko Schröter, Gerhard Sedlacek, Christian Müller, Alain Nussbaumer, Bernt Johansson, Torsten Höglund, Peter Collin, and Alberto Miazzon. "High-Performance Steels in Europe." In Use and Application of High-Performance Steels for Steel Structures, 99–146. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed008.099.

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<p>Since the first application of steel in steel structures in the 19th century the develop­ment of steel construction has been closely linked to the development in material properties and production methods. Significant achievements concerning strength, economy, design versatility, fabrication and erection techniques and service perform­ance would not have been possible without the substantial improvements of steel. Es­pecially with the application of "new" production processes for carbon steels such as the thermo-mechanical rolling and the quenching and tempering process, steel with a high construction strength but guaranteeing also good fabrication properties such as weldability was introduced into the construction market.</p>
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Sherif, Mohamed Y. "Novel High-Carbon High-Vanadium PM Steel for High-Load Rolling Bearing Applications." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 10th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings, 1–21. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158020140077.

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Li, Jing, and Chengbin Shi. "Feasibility Analysis of Titanium on Carbide Control in High Carbon High Alloy Steel." In Carbide in Special Steel, 327–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1456-9_8.

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Fujii, Hidetoshi, Ling Cui, and Kiyoshi Nogi. "Welding of High Carbon Steel without Transformation." In The Mechanical Behavior of Materials X, 1411–15. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-440-5.1411.

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Driver, Robert G., Gilbert Y. Grondin, and Colin MacDougall. "Fatigue Research on High-Performance Steels in Canada." In Use and Application of High-Performance Steels for Steel Structures, 45–56. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed008.045.

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<p>Compared to conventional structural grade steels, high-performance steel (HPS) pro­vides higher strength, improved weldability, greatly enhanced fracture toughness, and comparable ductility, as well as having "weathering" properties. The improved char­acteristics of HPS are achieved through lower levels of carbon and other elements, in conjunction with advanced steel-making practices using either quenching and tem­pering or thermo-mechanical controlled processing. All of these properties make HPS highly desirable for bridge applications. Indeed, although its development spans only the past decade, it is rapidly gaining popularity for use in highway bridges and is be­coming more widely available. Although many highway bridges have already been put into service in the United States, Canada has yet to implement this technology in bridges. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that the use ofHPS will become common in the Canadian market in the near future.</p>
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Suarez, Lucia, R. Coto, X. Vanden Eynde, M. Lamberigts, and Yvan Houbaert. "High Temperature Oxidation of Ultra-Low-Carbon Steel." In Defect and Diffusion Forum, 158–63. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-36-1.158.

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Wei, Shi Zhong, Yan Li, Jian Ping Gao, Ying Ping Ji, and Rui Long. "Phase Structure and Microstructure of the Interface between WC Steel Bond Hard Alloy and Carbon Steel." In High-Performance Ceramics V, 1606–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.1606.

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Zhao, Hong, and Xing Hong Zhang. "Fabrication of TiC Coating on Carbon Steel Surface by SHS/PHIP." In High-Performance Ceramics V, 1304–6. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.1304.

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Zhang, Yan Mei, Yan Ping Liu, Zhong Hou Li, and Zhong Xu. "Surface Age-Hardened High Speed Steel with High Co Content Formed on Undecarburized Carbon Steel." In Materials Science Forum, 187–90. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.187.

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Sourmail, T., V. Smanio, and G. Auclair. "Kinetics of Bainite Formation in 100Cr6 and Similar High-Carbon Steel Grades." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 10th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings, 1–11. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158020140048.

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Conference papers on the topic "High carbon steel"

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Tarasov, S. Yu, A. G. Melnikov, and V. E. Rubtsov. "Friction stir processing on high carbon steel U12." In ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4932919.

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Duncan, Andrew, Poh-Sang Lam, and Thad Adams. "Tensile Testing of Carbon Steel in High Pressure Hydrogen." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26736.

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An infrastructure of new and existing pipelines and systems will be required to carry and to deliver hydrogen as an alternative energy source under the hydrogen economy. Carbon and low alloy steels of moderate strength are currently used in hydrogen delivery systems as well as in the existing natural gas systems. It is critical to understand the material response of these standard pipeline materials when they are subjected to pressurized hydrogen environments. The methods and results from a testing program to quantify hydrogen effects on mechanical properties of carbon steel pipeline and pipeline weld materials are provided. Tensile properties of one type of steel (A106 Grade B) in base metal, welded and heat affected zone conditions were tested at room temperature in air and high pressure (10.34 MPa or 1500 psig) hydrogen. A general reduction in the materials ability to plastically deform was noted in this material when specimens were tested in hydrogen. Furthermore, the primary mode of fracture was changed from ductile rupture in air to cleavage with secondary tearing in hydrogen. The mechanical test results will be applied in future analyses to evaluate service life of the pipelines. The results are also envisioned to be part of the bases for construction codes and structural integrity demonstrations for hydrogen service pipeline and vessels.
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Neiheisel, G. L. "High speed welding of deep drawing low carbon steel." In ICALEO® ‘88: Proceedings of the Laser Materials Processing Conference. Laser Institute of America, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5058026.

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Zubair, Muhammad, Aneela Wakeel, M. Mustafa Azeem, and Aneeqa Tabbassum. "Computational analysis of high carbon steel for optimal design." In 2021 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technologies (IBCAST). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ibcast51254.2021.9393173.

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PODANÝ, Pavel, Michal DUCHEK, and Tomáš STUDECKÝ. "Heat Treatment of Low Carbon High Manganese TWIP Steel." In METAL 2019. TANGER Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2019.867.

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BUČKO, Michal, Vladimíra SCHINDLEROVÁ, Lucie KREJČÍ, Petr HLAVATÝ, and Jiří HLAVATÝ. "apPliCATION OF WELDS ON THE HIGH-Carbon STEEL RAILS." In METAL 2019. TANGER Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2019.886.

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Mitchell, M. R., Jon G. Flintoff, Mark M. Appleford, and Suresh S. Babu. "Fatigue Behavior of Case Hardened, High Carbon Bainitic Steel." In SAE Brasil International Conference on Fatigue. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-4080.

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Duncan, Andrew J., Thad M. Adams, and Poh-Sang Lam. "Fracture Property Testing of Carbon Steel in High Pressure Hydrogen." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-78069.

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An infrastructure of new and existing pipelines and systems will be required to carry and to deliver hydrogen as an alternative energy source to meet the energy demands of the future. Carbon and low alloy steels of moderate strength are currently used in hydrogen delivery systems as well as in the existing natural gas systems. It is critical to understand the material response of these standard pipeline materials when they are subjected to pressurized hydrogen environments. The methods and results from a testing program to quantify hydrogen effects on mechanical properties of carbon steel pipeline and pipeline weld materials are provided. Fracture toughness testing has been performed for one type of steel pipe material (A106 Grade B) in base metal, welded and heat affected zone conditions. C-shaped specimens were tested at room temperature in air and high pressure (102 ATM) hydrogen. A marked reduction in JQ was documented for both the base metal and HAZ metal tested in hydrogen. The results compliment a previous study on tensile properties of A106 Grade B material in high pressure hydrogen and are envisioned to be part of the basis for construction codes and structural integrity demonstrations of piping and pipelines for hydrogen service.
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Han, R. D., K. H. Hu, B. Rolfe, and E. Pavlina. "A Research on Selective Carburization Process of Low Carbon Steel." In The 2nd International Conference on Advanced High Strength Steel and Press Hardening (ICHSU 2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813140622_0012.

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Pettersson, Ola. "High Surface Speed Turning and Boring of PM Carbon Steel." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/980629.

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Reports on the topic "High carbon steel"

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Duncan, A. MECHANICAL TESTING OF CARBON STEEL IN HIGH PRESSURE HYDROGEN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895632.

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Rao, A. S. Modeling High Carbon and High Nickel Steel: Effect of Heat Treatment Time. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada465559.

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Wiersma, B. Vapor Corrosion Response of Low Carbon Steel Exposed to Simulated High Level Radioactive Waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890201.

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Frost, R., T. Muth, and A. Liby. Effects of manufacturing variables on performance of high-level waste low carbon steel containers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7052436.

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Gombeda, Matthew, Zoe Lallas, and Estevan Rivera Jr. Optimal Approach for Addressing Reinforcement Corrosion for Concrete Bridge Decks in Illinois—Phase II. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-005.

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This report presents the expansion of a previously introduced life-cycle cost calculation framework for concrete bridge decks in Illinois. In addition to the alternative reinforcement options examined in the Illinois Center for Transportation and Illinois Department of Transportation project R27-SP49, two additional reinforcing bar types—stainless steel–clad carbon core and textured epoxy-coated bars—are the main subjects of this study. The results of a comprehensive literature review of these two additional bar options will highlight their cost-benefit characteristics toward optimizing the life span of a concrete bridge deck, most notably trade-offs between often increased upfront material costs and enhanced durability over a design 100-year service life. Additionally, the scope of this study includes the development of a more robust methodology to account for the effect of the relatively high nominal yield strength and corresponding reduced ductility of A1035 bars, one of the alternate reinforcement options examined in R27-SP49. The researchers used a numerical moment-curvature-based analysis methodology to facilitate the development of a design-friendly modified high-strength reinforcement factor that supersedes the nominal yield strength factor proposed in the original version of the life-cycle cost framework. The outcomes of this project and R27-SP49 will collectively expand upon and aim to enhance the effectiveness of the originally proposed life-cycle cost framework. The outcomes will be demonstrated by presenting updated life-cycle costs and via a parametric study of two hypothetical bridge deck examples, each falling into significantly different categories for traffic demands and select performance expectations.
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Diercks, D. R., and T. F. Kassner. Analysis of the corrosion of carbon steels in simulated salt repository brines and acid chloride solutions at high temperatures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7108935.

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Petersen, T. W. Magnetization changes in low-carbon, Ni-Cr-Mo and high-strength-low-alloy steels as a function of stress. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.3962.

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Anthony J. DeArdo and C. Isaac Garcia. Conservation Research and Development/ New Ultra-Low Carbon High Strength Steels with Improved Bake Hardenability for Enhanced Stretch Formability and Dent Resistance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/820518.

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Potts, Tavis, and Rebecca Ford. Leading from the front? Increasing Community Participation in a Just Transition to Net Zero in the North-East of Scotland. Scottish Universities Insight Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/19722.

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n line with Scottish Net Zero targets and the national strategy for a Just Transition, the Northeast of Scotland is transforming towards a low carbon future with a number of high-profile industry and policy initiatives. With the region home to global energy companies and historical high levels of energy sector employment, the narrative on transition is predominantly framed within an industrial and technological context, including narratives on new opportunities in green jobs, green industrial development, technical innovation and new infrastructure to support energy transition. As the energy landscape shifts in the North-East of Scotland, the impacts will be felt most keenly in communities from shifts in employment to changes to local supply chains. It is important to note that Net Zero ambitions will also change the nature and structure of communities in the region, for those within a shifting oil and gas industry and those without. A just transition ensures that all voices are heard, engaged and included in the process of change, and that communities, including those who have benefited and those who have not, have a stake in determining the direction of travel of a changing society and economy of the North-east. As a result, there is a need for a community-oriented perspective to transition which discusses a range of values and perspectives, the opportunities and resources available for transition and how communities of place can support the process of change toward Net Zero. Social transformation is a key element of a just transition and community engagement, inclusion and participation is embedded in the principles laid down by the Just Transition Commission. Despite this high-level recognition of social justice and inclusion at the heart of transition, there has been little move to understand what a just transition means in the context of local communities in the NorthEast. This project aims to address this imbalance and promote the ability of communities to not only engage but to help steer net zero transitions. It seeks to uncover and build a stronger local consensus about the vision and pathways for civil society to progress a just transition in the Northeast of Scotland. The project aims to do this through bringing together civil society, academic, policy and business stakeholders across three interactive workshops to: 1. Empower NE communities to engage with the Just Transition agenda 2. Identify what are the key issues within a Just Transition and how they can be applied in the Northeast. 3. Directly support communities by providing training and resources to facilitate change by working in partnership. The project funding supported the delivery of three professionally facilitated online workshops that were held over 2021/22 (Figure 1). Workshop 1 explored the global principles within a just transition and how these could apply to the Scottish context. Workshop 2 examined different pathways and options for transition in the context of Northeast Scotland. Workshop 3, in partnership with NESCAN explored operational challenges and best practices with community participants. The outcomes from the three workshops are explored in detail.
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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.
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