Relevant bibliographies by topics / High aperture lens

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'High aperture lens'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "High aperture lens"

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Khursheed, Anjam, and Wei Kean Ang. "Annular Focused Electron/Ion Beams for Combining High Spatial Resolution with High Probe Current." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, no. 5 (September 9, 2016): 948–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616011594.

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AbstractThis paper presents a proposal for reducing the final probe size of focused electron/ion beam columns that are operated in a high primary beam current mode where relatively large final apertures are used, typically required in applications such as electron beam lithography, focused ion beams, and electron beam spectroscopy. An annular aperture together with a lens corrector unit is used to replace the conventional final hole-aperture, creating an annular ring-shaped primary beam. The corrector unit is designed to eliminate the first- and second-order geometric aberrations of the objective lens, and for the same probe current, the final geometric aberration limited spot size is predicted to be around a factor of 50 times smaller than that of the corresponding conventional hole-aperture beam. Direct ray tracing simulation is used to illustrate how a three-stage core lens corrector can be used to eliminate the first- and second-order geometric aberrations of an electric Einzel objective lens.
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Franklin, William R., Terry M. Turpin, Jeffrey R. Lapides, Craig Price, Paul Woodford, and Lee D. Peachey. "The Synthetic Aperture Microscope." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 600–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010016546x.

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It is well known that the resolution of a microscope depends critically on the aperture of its objective lens. Achieving wide apertures requires the lens to be extremely close to the sample being imaged, which is often inconvenient. We describe an optical microscope, currently in breadboard form, that achieves a large aperture, and thus high resolution, with a large (theoretically unlimited) working distance, based on the principles of synthetic aperture radar (SAR).
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Artioukhina, Nina K., V. Marchik, and Rivas Luz Fabiola of Alexander Zambrano. "TWO-MIRROR HIGH-APERTURE EXTRA-FOCAL LENS." Bulletin of Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. Series Instrument Making, no. 52(2) (December 30, 2016): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1970.52(2).2016.92744.

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Zhang, Weiwei, Jing Liu, Guangcai Chang, Zhan Shi, Ming Li, Yuqi Ren, Xiaowei Zhang, Futing Yi, Peng Liu, and Weifan Sheng. "Large-aperture prism-array lens for high-energy X-ray focusing." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 5 (August 4, 2016): 1091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516011152.

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A new prism-array lens for high-energy X-ray focusing has been constructed using an array of different prisms obtained from different parabolic structures by removal of passive parts of material leading to a multiple of 2π phase variation. Under the thin-lens approximation the phase changes caused by this lens for a plane wave are exactly the same as those caused by a parabolic lens without any additional corrections when they have the same focal length, which will provide good focusing; at the same time, the total transmission and effective aperture of this lens are both larger than those of a compound kinoform lens with the same focal length, geometrical aperture and feature size. This geometry can have a large aperture that is not limited by the feature size of the lens. Prototype nickel lenses with an aperture of 1.77 mm and focal length of 3 m were fabricated by LIGA technology, and were tested using CCD camera and knife-edge scan method at the X-ray Imaging and Biomedical Application Beamline BL13W1 at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, and provided a focal width of 7.7 µm and a photon flux gain of 14 at an X-ray energy of 50 keV.
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Mansfield, S. M., W. R. Studenmund, G. S. Kino, and K. Osato. "High-numerical-aperture lens system for optical storage." Optics Letters 18, no. 4 (February 15, 1993): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.18.000305.

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Asahara, Yoshiyuki, Hiroyuki Sakai, Sigeaki Ohmi, Shin Nakayama, Yoshitaka Yoneda, and Tetsuro Izumitani. "Gradient-index slab lens with high numerical aperture." Applied Optics 25, no. 19 (October 1, 1986): 3384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.25.003384.

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Fan, G. Y., S. J. Young, T. Deerinck, and M. H. Ellisman. "A New Electron-Optical Mode for High Contrast Imaging and Online Stereo Observation in TEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 2, no. 3 (June 1996): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927696211377.

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We describe a new electron-optical configuration for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this novel mode, the objective mini-lens is strongly excited so that the back focal plane of the objective lens is imaged onto the plane of the selected-area aperture with a magnification of 3.2. Thus, the selected-area aperture can function as an objective aperture either in place of or in addition to the conventional objective aperture. This new configuration, which has been implemented on a JEOL 4000EX high voltage electron microscope, provides improved resolution and contrast in images of thick biological specimens and also facilitates the use of beam tilt for stereo image acquisition.
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Oron, Ram, Jacob L. Guedalia, Nir Davidson, Asher A. Friesem, and Erez Hasman. "Anomaly in a high-numerical-aperture diffractive focusing lens." Optics Letters 25, no. 7 (April 1, 2000): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.25.000439.

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Chernomyrdin, Nikita V., Maxim E. Frolov, Sergey P. Lebedev, Igor V. Reshetov, Igor E. Spektor, Viktor L. Tolstoguzov, Valeriy E. Karasik, et al. "Wide-aperture aspherical lens for high-resolution terahertz imaging." Review of Scientific Instruments 88, no. 1 (January 2017): 014703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4973764.

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Wang, Gangyu, Zaihong Hou, Laian Qin, Xu Jing, and Yi Wu. "Simulation Analysis of a Wavefront Reconstruction of a Large Aperture Laser Beam." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020623.

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In order to solve the problem of atmospheric influence on the far-field measurement of the quality of a laser beam, we proposed a direct wavefront measurement system based on the Hartmann detection principle, which can measure large apertures and high-power laser beams. The measuring system was composed of a lens array and a detector. The wavefront detection of a large aperture laser beam could be realized by controlling the distance between the lenses and the size of the lens. The influence of different duty cycle factors on the accuracy of the wavefront reconstruction under the same arrangement and different arrangement conditions was simulated and analyzed. The simulation results showed that when the sub-lenses of the system were not in close contact, the reconstruction accuracy of the duty factor of 0.8 was close to that of the case of the duty factor of 1. Within a certain detection range, the hexagonal arrangement of 19 lenses and the arrangement of 8 × 8 lens arrays had a high wavefront restoration accuracy; both were lower than 0.10 λ. The system proposed in this paper was suitable for measuring a large aperture laser beam, providing a new idea for measuring and analyzing the quality of large aperture laser beams. It also has an important significance for improving the measurement accuracy of the beam quality.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "High aperture lens"

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Jabbour, Toufic. "DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND OPTIMIZATION OF DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENTS UNDER HIGH NUMERICAL APERTURE FOCUSING." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2837.

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The demand for high optical resolution has brought researchers to explore the use of beam shaping diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for improving performance of high numerical aperture (NA) optical systems. DOEs can be designed to modulate the amplitude, phase and/or polarization of a laser beam such that it focuses into a targeted irradiance distribution, or point spread function (PSF). The focused PSF can be reshaped in both the transverse focal plane and along the optical axis. Optical lithography, microscopy and direct laser writing are but a few of the many applications in which a properly designed DOE can significantly improve optical performance of the system. Designing DOEs for use in high-NA applications is complicated by electric field depolarization that occurs with tight focusing. The linear polarization of off-axis rays is tilted upon refraction towards the focal point, generating additional transverse and longitudinal polarization components. These additional field components contribute significantly to the shape of the PSF under tight focusing and cannot be neglected as in scalar diffraction theory. The PSF can be modeled more rigorously using the electromagnetic diffraction integrals derived by Wolf, which account for the full vector character of the field. In this work, optimization algorithms based on vector diffraction theory were developed for designing DOEs that reshape the PSF of a 1.4-NA objective lens. The optimization techniques include simple exhaustive search, iterative optimization (Method of Generalized Projections), and evolutionary computation (Particle Swarm Optimization). DOE designs were obtained that can reshape either the transverse PSF or the irradiance distribution along the optical axis. In one example of transverse beam shaping, all polarization components were simultaneously reshaped so their vector addition generates a focused flat-top square irradiance pattern. Other designs were obtained that can be used to narrow the axial irradiance distribution, giving a focused beam that is superresolved relative to the diffraction limit. In addition to theory, experimental studies were undertaken that include (1) fabricating an axially superresolving DOE, (2) incorporating the DOE into the optical setup, (3) imaging the focused PSF, and (4) measuring aberrations in the objective lens to study how these affect performance of the DOE.
Ph.D.
Optics and Photonics
Optics and Photonics
Optics PhD
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Li, Qinggele. "Optimization of point spread function of a high numerical aperture objective lens : application to high resolution optical imaging and fabrication." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0059/document.

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Ce travail de thèse porte sur la caractérisation et l'optimisation du spot de focalisation d'un objectif de microscope de grande ouverture numérique pour des applications d'imagerie super-résolue et de nanofabrication.Dans la première partie, nous avons systématiquement étudié les distributions de polarisation et d'intensité du faisceau laser dans la région du point focal en fonction de différents paramètres du faisceau incident tels que la phase, la polarisation, l’amplitude ainsi que l'influence du milieu de propagation, tel que l’indice de réfraction. Nous avons mis en oeuvre différentes méthodes théoriques pour contrôler et manipuler les distributions de polarisation et d'intensité du spot de focalisation. Ces prédictions théoriques sont vérifiées expérimentalement via un système optique confocal en mesurant l’image de fluorescence d’une nanoparticule d’or pour différentes caractéristiques.Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, une nouvelle microscopie basée sur le mécanisme d'absorption ultra-faible à un photon a été démontré théoriquement et expérimentalement. Le calcul théorique basé sur l'approche vectorielle de Debye, qui prend en compte l'effet d'absorption du matériau, montre qu'il est possible de focaliser le faisceau lumineux en profondeur à l'intérieur d'un matériau si celui-ci présente une absorption linéaire ultra-faible à la longueur d'onde d'excitation. Cette méthode, dite (LOPA), a ensuite permis de fabriquer des structures 2D et 3D submicrométriques, similaires à celles obtenues par la méthode utilisant l’absorption à deux photons
Nowadays, far field optical microscopy is widely used in many fields, for fundamental research and applications. The low cost, simple operation, high flexibility are its main advantages. The key parameter of an optical microscope is the objective lens.This thesis's work focuses mainly on the characterization and optimization of the point spread function (PSF) of a high numerical aperture (NA) objective lens (OL) for applications of high resolution imaging and nano-fabrication.In the first part of the thesis, we have systematically investigated the dependency of polarization and intensity distributions of the focusing spot on numerous parameters, such as the phase, the polarization, and the beam mode of incident beam, as well as the refractive index mismatch. Then, we demonstrated theoretically different methods for manipulation of the polarization and intensity distributions of the focusing spot, which can have desired shapes and are useful for different applications. By using a home-made confocal microscope, we have experimentally verified some of the theoretical predictions, for example, vector properties of light beam under a tight focusing condition. In the second part of dissertation work, a new, simple and inexpensive method based on the one-photon absorption mechanism has been demonstrated theoretically and experimentally for 3D sub-micrometer imaging and fabrication applications. The theoretical calculation based on vectorial Debye approximation and taken into account the absorption effect of material shows that it is possible to focus the light tightly and deeply inside the material if the material presents a very low one-photon absorption (LOPA) at the excitation wavelength. We have then demonstrated experimentally that the LOPA microscopy allows to achieve 3D imaging and 3D fabrication with submicrometer resolution, similar to those obtained by two-photon absorption microscopy
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Arnison, Matthew Raphael. "Phase control and measurement in digital microscopy." University of Sydney. Physics, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/569.

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The ongoing merger of the digital and optical components of the modern microscope is creating opportunities for new measurement techniques, along with new challenges for optical modelling. This thesis investigates several such opportunities and challenges which are particularly relevant to biomedical imaging. Fourier optics is used throughout the thesis as the underlying conceptual model, with a particular emphasis on three--dimensional Fourier optics. A new challenge for optical modelling provided by digital microscopy is the relaxation of traditional symmetry constraints on optical design. An extension of optical transfer function theory to deal with arbitrary lens pupil functions is presented in this thesis. This is used to chart the 3D vectorial structure of the spatial frequency spectrum of the intensity in the focal region of a high aperture lens when illuminated by linearly polarised beam. Wavefront coding has been used successfully in paraxial imaging systems to extend the depth of field. This is achieved by controlling the pupil phase with a cubic phase mask, and thereby balancing optical behaviour with digital processing. In this thesis I present a high aperture vectorial model for focusing with a cubic phase mask, and compare it with results calculated using the paraxial approximation. The effect of a refractive index change is also explored. High aperture measurements of the point spread function are reported, along with experimental confirmation of high aperture extended depth of field imaging of a biological specimen. Differential interference contrast is a popular method for imaging phase changes in otherwise transparent biological specimens. In this thesis I report on a new isotropic algorithm for retrieving the phase from differential interference contrast images of the phase gradient, using phase shifting, two directions of shear, and non--iterative Fourier phase integration incorporating a modified spiral phase transform. This method does not assume that the specimen has a constant amplitude. A simulation is presented which demonstrates good agreement between the retrieved phase and the phase of the simulated object, with excellent immunity to imaging noise.
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Book chapters on the topic "High aperture lens"

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Kobayashi, Hirokazu. "Horn Antenna." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 144–77. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2381-0.ch008.

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One of the simple and most widely used microwave antennas is the horn as a feed element for large radio telescopes, satellite tracking, and communication reflector, which are found installed throughout the world. In addition to its utility as a feed for reflectors and lenses, it is a common element of phased arrays and serves as a universal standard for calibration and gain measurement of other high gain antennas. Its widespread applicability stems from its simplicity in construction, ease of excitation, large gain, wide-band characteristics, and preferred overall performance. An electromagnetic horn can take many different forms, such as basic pyramidal, conical, corrugated, double-ridged, and dual polarized horns, as well as horns with lens and so on. The horn is nothing more than a hollow pipe of different cross-sections, which has been tapered to a larger opening aperture. This chapter explains the fundamentals of the pyramidal horn antenna in detail using aperture field method. Numerical and measured examples, are also shown.
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Conference papers on the topic "High aperture lens"

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Osawa, Atsuo, Kyohei Fukuda, and Kouji Hirata. "Optical Design of High Aperture Aspherical Projection Lens." In International Lens Design. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.ltue4.

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According to the recent innovation in plastic molding technology for aspherical lenses, an unique lens system, mostly constructed by aspherical lenses has been appearing. A typical and successful example of such lens system is the projection lens for a large screen television, which is expected to become the main stream for the coming HDTV era in the near future, because of its compactness, light weight, and proper luminance level. We have been trying to find an explicit way in the aspherical optical design for this projection lens.
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Chen, C. A., and P. G. Ingerson. "High Efficiency Multibeam Single Aperture Lens Antenna." In IEEE Military Communications Conference MILCOM 1986. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/milcom.1986.4805756.

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Zherdev, A. Y., S. B. Odinokov, D. S. Lushnikov, M. V. Shishova, O. A. Gurylev, and C. B. Kaytukov. "High-aperture diffractive lens for holographic printer." In SPIE/COS Photonics Asia, edited by Yunlong Sheng, Chongxiu Yu, and Changhe Zhou. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2245050.

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Osawa, Atsuo, Kyohei Fukuda, and Kouji Hirata. "Optical design of high-aperture aspherical projection lens." In 1990 Intl Lens Design Conf, edited by George N. Lawrence. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.47934.

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Paraskevopoulos, Anastasios, Ilir Gashi, Matteo Albani, and Stefano Maci. "High aperture efficiency 3D-printed radial GRIN lens." In 2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769646.

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Sheng, Yunlong, and Dazeng Feng. "High efficiency fast diffractive lens for beam coupling." In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.jtub.18.

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Diffractive lenses for laser diode beam focusing collimating and coupling have wide applications. Large numerical aperture and high light efficiency are important issues for the coupling lenses. Numerical aperture of a typical laser diode beam can be as large as NA ~ 0.5. To capture the highly divergent beam the lens must have a low F-number of F/1 ~ F/2. Coupling the laser beam into an optic fiber with an acceptance angle of NA ~ 0.1 - 0.2 needs even larger numerical aperture of the lens.
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Al-Baho, T. I. J., R. C. M. Learner, and J. Maxwell. "The Design of High Performance Aplanatic Achromats For The Blue and Near Ultra-Violet Waveband." In International Lens Design. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.lwa5.

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Xu, Zhangming, Guizhu Wang, Sui Wei, Chuan Shen, and Bo Tao. "Lens design for high numerical aperture achromatic diffraction imaging." In Conference on Optoelectronics and Nanophotonics, edited by Guixin Li, Chaoyang Lu, Jianyu Wang, Zhiping Zhou, Changjun Min, Lixing You, and Haiqing Song. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2580363.

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Ryzhikov, Lev. "An optimal lens arrangement in high numerical aperture objectives." In Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XXII, edited by R. Barry Johnson, Virendra N. Mahajan, and Simon Thibault. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2593022.

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Möhl, A., S. Wickenhagen, and U. Fuchs. "High NA Aspheric Fizeau Lens with Large Aperture Diameter." In International Optical Design Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/iodc.2017.iw4a.5.

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